Magnetic Circular Dichroism Measurements Research Articles

Topological Magneto-optical Effect from Skyrmions in Two-Dimensional Ferromagnets.

Skyrmions in two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials are considered as ideal candidates for information carriers in next-generation spintronic devices. However, conventional methods for elucidating the physical properties of skyrmions have limited the development of skyrmions in diverse 2D magnetic material systems due to their requirements for electrical conductivity. To overcome this limitation, we propose to utilize an optical method (magneto-optical Kerr technique) to detect the skyrmions in 2D magnetic materials. Herein, the graphene/Fe3GeTe2/graphene vertical van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure devices are fabricated to generate stabilized skyrmions by applying out-of-plane current. In combination with magnetic circular dichroism measurements, we observe topological-reflective magnetic circular dichroism (T-RMCD) effects in Fe3GeTe2 flakes and attribute the peak-shaped component in T-RMCD to the annihilation of skyrmion magnetic domains. Notably, the T-RMCD signal can maintain up to a temperature as high as the Curie temperature of Fe3GeTe2 flakes (∼200 K). Our work provides a universal, contactless, and nondestructive approach for studying the physical properties of skyrmions in 2D vdW magnetic materials while adding another degree of freedom to the modulation of skyrmions.

Enhanced orbital magnetic moment in an FeCo-BaF2 granular film revealed by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

FeCo-insulator fluoride nanogranular films belong to an excellent material group that exhibit a huge Faraday effect, which is several times larger than those of conventional materials, in the optical communication wavelength band (1310 ∼ 1550 nm). In this study, FeCo-BaF2 granular films were prepared on glass substrates by a tandem sputtering method. The Faraday effect was measured and a huge Faraday rotation angle of −2.3 deg./μm was observed for the wavelength of 1550 nm. The ratio of orbital magnetic moment to effective spin magnetic moment (morb/mspineff) was evaluated by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements, and was found to be 0.43 for Fe and 0.24 for Co. The obtained values are several times larger than those of Fe-Co bulk samples. The elemental selectivity of the XMCD measurements reveals that Fe has a larger morb/mspineff value than that of Co. Such an increase in morb is attributed to the reduction of the symmetry at the interface between FeCo and BaF2 in the granular film, and is thought to be the origin of the giant Faraday effect in FeCo-fluoride granular films.

Coexistence of Ferromagnetism and Superconductivity at KTaO3 Heterointerfaces.

The coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism is a long-standing issue in superconductivity due to the antagonistic nature of these two ordered states. Experimentally identifying and characterizing novel heterointerface superconductors that coexist with magnetism presents significant challenges. Here, we report the observation of two-dimensional long-range ferromagnetic order in a KTaO3 heterointerface superconductor, showing the coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism. Remarkably, our direct current superconducting quantum interference device measurements reveal an in-plane magnetization hysteresis loop persisting above room temperature. Moreover, first-principles calculations and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements provide decisive insights into the origin of the observed robust ferromagnetism, attributing it to oxygen vacancies that localize electrons in nearby Ta 5d states. Our findings suggest KTaO3 heterointerfaces as time-reversal symmetry breaking superconductors, injecting fresh momentum into the exploration of the intricate interplay between superconductivity and magnetism enhanced by the strong spin-orbit coupling inherent to the heavy Ta in 5d orbitals.

Modulation of magnetic properties in self-assembled one-dimensional CoxFe3-xO4 nano-chains with Co substitution

Modulation of magnetic properties on the low dimensional material under multiple fields is a captivating area of study in material science and nano-technology. In this paper, we focus on the self-assembly of chain-like nanostructures composed of CoxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles with an average size of 150 nm. These structures, consisting of more than 20 nanoparticles, are formed at 90 °C under a 0.25 T external magnetic field. The length of chains is surprising to decrease with increasing Co content due to an obvious additional cubic magneto-crystalline anisotropy superposed on the uniaxial induced anisotropy which is induced by the synthesized magnetic field with easy axis along the length of the chain. The additional magneto-crystalline anisotropy field of Co blocks the chain growing in length with Co doping. Additionally, our X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements confirm the doping of Co2+ ions in the CoxFe3−xO4 nano-chains, where they predominantly occupy the B sites and substitute the Fe2+ ions. This finding underlines the importance of spin-orbit coupling enhancement in the magnetic behavior resulting from the Fe2+ substitution with Co2+.

Giant gate modulation of antiferromagnetic spin reversal by the magnetoelectric effect

In this study, using the Pt/Cr2O3/Pt epitaxial trilayer, we demonstrate the giant voltage modulation of the antiferromagnetic spin reversal and the voltage-induced 180° switching of the Néel vector in maintaining a permanent magnetic field. We obtained a significant modulation efficiency of the switching field, Δμ0HSW/ΔV (Δμ0HSW/ΔE), reaching a maximum of −500 mT/V (−4.80 T nm/V); this value was more than 50 times greater than that of the ferromagnetic-based counterparts. From the temperature dependence of the modulation efficiency, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements and first-principles calculations, we showed that the origin of the giant modulation efficiency relied on the electric field modulation of the net magnetization due to the magnetoelectric effect. From the first-principles calculation and the thickness effect on the offset electric field, we found that the interfacial magnetoelectric effect emerged. Our demonstration reveals the energy-efficient and widely applicable operation of an antiferromagnetic spin based on a mechanism distinct from magnetic anisotropy control.

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism of Mn4−xGaxN epitaxial thin films confirming ferrimagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition by nonmagnetic Ga doping

Researchers have focused on anti-perovskite Mn4N-based ferrimagnets as potential candidates for spintronic applications since these films have a small magnetization and exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Magnetic compensation (or angular momentum compensation) in impurity-doped Mn4N at room temperature has attracted particular attention because the magnetization switching can be facilitated in the vicinity of such compensation compositions. In this study, we grew Mn4−xGaxN (x = 0.0–1.9) epitaxial thin films on SrTiO3(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy and evaluated their crystallinity and surface conditions. The magnetic properties of the grown films were also examined and a sign reversal of anomalous Hall resistivity and hysteresis loops was observed between x = 0.1 and 0.3 at room temperature by magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurement revealed that the magnetic moment of face-centered Mn at x = 0.3 was reversed to be parallel to that of Mn at corner sites, suggesting that the ferrimagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition occurred with nonmagnetic Ga doping.

Formation of Mn-rich interfacial phases in Co2FexMn1-xSi thin films

We report the formation of Mn-rich regions at the interface of Co2FexMn1-xSi thin films grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with electron energy loss (EEL) spectrum imaging reveals that each interfacial region: (1) is 1–2 nm wide, (2) occurs irrespective of the Fe/Mn composition ratio and in both Co-rich and Co-poor films, and (3) displaces both Co and Fe indiscriminately. We also observe a Mn-depleted region in each film directly above each Mn-rich interfacial layer, roughly 3 nm in width in the x = 0 and x = 0.3 films, and 1 nm in the x = 0.7 (less Mn) film. We posit that growth energetics favor Mn diffusion to the interface even when there is no significant Ga interdiffusion into the epitaxial film. Element-specific X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements show larger Co, Fe, and Mn orbital to spin magnetic moment ratios compared to bulk values across the Co2FexMn1-xSi compositional range. The values lie between reported values for pure bulk and nanostructured Co, Fe, and Mn materials, corroborating the non-uniform, layered nature of the material on the nanoscale. Finally, SQUID magnetometry demonstrates that the films deviate from the Slater-Pauling rule for uniform films of both the expected and the measured composition. The results inform a need for care and increased scrutiny when forming Mn-based magnetic thin films on III-V semiconductors like GaAs, particularly when films are on the order of 5 nm or when interface composition is critical to spin transport or other device applications.

Construction of high-throughput magnetic circular dichroism measurement system and its application to research on magnetic and optical properties of phthalocyanine complexes.

Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy is a powerful method for evaluating the electronic structure and magnetic and optical properties of molecules. In particular, MCD measurements have been performed on phthalocyanines and porphyrins with various central metal ions, axial ligands, and substituents to elucidate their properties. It is essential to develop a robust high-throughput technique to perform these measurements comprehensively and efficiently. However, MCD spectroscopy requires very high optical quality for each component of the instrument, and even slight cell distortions can impair the baseline flatness. Consequently, when versatility and data quality are important, an optical system designed for a microplate reader is not suitable for the MCD spectrometer. Therefore, in this study, we develop a new magnetic flow-through cell and combine it with an existing CD spectrometer and autosampler to construct a high-throughput system. The effectiveness and performance of this new system are then evaluated. In addition, based on the MCD and absorption spectra of various phthalocyanine complexes, the effects of substituents and solvents on their magnetic and optical properties and the causes of these effects are discussed. The results demonstrate that this system is effective for the evaluation of the physicochemical properties of various phthalocyanine complexes.

Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of Ln = Dy, Tb carborane-based metal-organic frameworks.

We present the synthesis and magneto-thermal properties of carborane-based lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with the formula {[(Ln)3(mCB-L)4(NO3)(DMF)n]·Solv}, where Ln = Dy or Tb, characterized by dc and ac susceptibility, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and heat capacity measurements. The MOF structure is formed by polymeric 1D chains of Ln ions with three different coordination environments (Ln1, Ln2, Ln3) running along the b-axis, linked by carborane-based linkers thus to provide a 3D structure. Static magnetic measurements reveal that these MOFs behave at low temperature as a system of S* = 1/2 Ising spins, weakly interacting ferromagnetically along the 1D polymeric chain (J*/kB = +0.45 K (+0.5 K) interaction constant estimated for Dy-MOF (Tb-MOF)) and coupled to Ln ions in adjacent chains through dipolar antiferromagnetic interactions. The Dy MOF exhibits slow relaxation of magnetization through a thermally activated process, transitioning to quantum tunneling of the magnetization at low temperatures, while both compounds exhibit field-induced relaxation through a very slow, direct process. The maximum magnetic entropy changes (-ΔSmaxm) for an applied magnetic field change of 2-0 T are 5.71 J kg-1 K-1 and 4.78 J kg-1 K-1, for Dy and Tb MOFs, respectively, while the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) peak for both occurs at T ∼ 1.6 K, approximately double that for the Gd counterpart.

Controlling the 2D Magnetism of CrBr3 by van der Waals Stacking Engineering.

The manipulation of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic order is of significant importance to facilitate future 2D magnets for low-power and high-speed spintronic devices. van der Waals stacking engineering makes promises for controllable magnetism via interlayer magnetic coupling. However, directly examining the stacking order changes accompanying magnetic order transitions at the atomic scale and preparing device-ready 2D magnets with controllable magnetic orders remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate the effective control of interlayer stacking in exfoliated CrBr3 via thermally assisted strain engineering. The stable interlayer ferromagnetic (FM), antiferromagnetic (AFM), and FM-AFM coexistent ground states confirmed by the magnetic circular dichroism measurements are realized. Combined with the first-principles calculations, the atomically resolved imaging technique reveals the correlation between magnetic order and interlayer stacking order in CrBr3 flakes unambiguously. A tunable exchange bias effect is obtained in the mixed phase of FM and AFM states. This work will introduce new magnetic properties by controlling the stacking order and sequence of 2D magnets, providing ample opportunities for their application in spintronic devices.

Surface‐Sensitive Detection of Magnetic Phase Transition in Van Der Waals Magnet CrSBr

Abstract2D magnets have recently drawn enormous interest. As an air‐stable A‐type van der Waals antiferromagnet (AFM), CrSBr has attracted great attention but has also led to controversies about its large‐span ordering temperatures. Herein, a systematic study of the magnetic phase transition in single‐crystalline CrSBr with ultrahigh‐quality through surface‐sensitive X‐ray magnetic linear dichroism and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements combined with vibrating sample magnetometry for characterization of bulk magnetization is reported. The interlayer AFM order of both surface and bulk CrSBr is revealed to maintain a similar Néel temperature within the range of 132–142 K. However, the intralayer ferromagnetic (FM) order of surface CrSBr is found to sustain up to ≈238 K, 70 K higher than the value obtained from the bulk CrSBr, demonstrating a dramatically different surface and bulk Curie temperature in CrSBr. Moreover, a half‐filled t2g electronic state for Cr3+ ions with magnetic moment of ≈3 µB/Cr in CrSBr is clearly identified. These results enrich the understanding of the electronic structure and magnetism in CrSBr, providing this material as a promising building block for future spintronic devices.

Two Pairs of Homochiral Parallelogram-like Dy4 Cluster Complexes with Strong Magneto-Optical Properties.

Two pairs of homochiral Dy(III) tetranuclear cluster complexes derived from (+)/(-)-3-trifluoroacetyl camphor (D-Htfc/L-Htfc), [Dy4(OH)2(L1)4(D-tfc)2(DMF)2]·4DMF (D-1) [H2L1 = (E)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)phenol)]/[Dy4(OH)2(L1)4(L-tfc)2(DMF)2]·4DMF (L-1) and [Dy4(OH)2(L2)4(D-tfc)2(DMF)2]·2H2O·3MeCN (D-2) [H2L2 = (E)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)naphthalen-2-ol]/[Dy4(OH)2(L2)4(L-tfc)2(DMF)2]·2H2O·3MeCN (L-2), were synthesized at room temperature, which have a Dy4 parallelogram-like core. The magnetic studies revealed that D-1 exhibits single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior under zero dc magnetic field, and its magnetic relaxation has a distinct Raman process in addition to the Orbach process, with the Ueff/k value of 57.5 K and the C value of 28.27 s-1K-2.14; while D-2 displays dual magnetic relaxation behavior at 0 Oe field, with the Ueff/k value 114.8 K for the slow relaxation process (SR) and the C value of 10.656 s-1K-5.80 for the fast relaxation process (FR), respectively. Theoretical calculations indicated that the conjugated groups (phenyl vs naphthyl) of the Schiff base bridging ligands (H2L1 and H2L2) significantly affect the intramolecular magnetic interactions between the Dy3+ ions and ultimately lead to different relaxations. Furthermore, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) measurements showed that these two pairs of Dy4 enantiomers exhibit strong room temperature magneto-optical Faraday effects; notably, increasing the conjugated group on the Schiff base bridging ligand is beneficial to enhancing the magneto-optical Faraday effects.

Thickness dependent strain effect on ferromagnetic insulating properties of LaCoO3 thin films

Epitaxial tensile-strain is an important factor to determine the superior ferromagnetic insulating property of LaCoO3 (LCO) epitaxial films. In this paper, the whole development of LCO ferromagnetic insulating properties modulated by thickness-dependent strain effect were studied and we found that the film strain decreased and the ferromagnetic property weakened with increasing film thickness. The measurements of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism confirm that the spin moment of Co3+ ions is significantly larger than its orbital magnetic moment and it also reduces with increasing thickness. The x-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that the increasing film thickness is unfavorable for the presence of eg electrons, as well as for the intermediate-spin and high-spin states. Overall, the enhancement of film thickness leads to the decrease of the Co-O bond length and the increase of crystal field splitting energy, unfavorable for the electron transfer from t2g to eg orbitals, and in turn for the stability of intermediate-spin and high-spin states. The electronic transport behavior of LCO film was proved to be a good insulating properties and the temperature dependence of the resistivity is consistent with the 3D-Mott’s variable range hopping model. Our results not only demonstrated the feasibility of thickness-induced strain modulating the properties of LCO films, but also strengthen the understanding of the ferromagnetic insulating mechanism in LCO films.

Aluminum substitution in low damping epitaxial lithium ferrite films

Ferromagnetic insulators with ultra-low damping and tunable magnetic properties are of great interest for the study of spin wave-based phenomena as well as for applications in spin wave spintronics. We have developed epitaxial spinel structure ferrite thin films of Li0.5(AlxFe2.5−x)O4 (LAFO) with ultra-low magnetic damping. The degree of Al substitution tunes the saturation magnetization and in-plane magnetic anisotropy while maintaining excellent epitaxy and crystalline quality as well as low magnetic damping. All LAFO films, deposited on (001)-oriented MgAl2O4 (MAO), are under epitaxial compressive strain, giving rise to an easy magnetic axis in-plane and a hard out-of-plane axis. Element-specific x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements confirm that the magnetism originates from the majority of Fe3+ cations occupying the octahedral sites, which are displaced by increased Al3+ substitution. Broadband ferromagnetic resonance reveals the lowest Gilbert damping parameters of 5×10−4 for films 10–15 nm thick. Our films demonstrate the robustness of the low loss dynamic properties of Li0.5(AlxFe2.5−x)O4 that are promising for spin wave applications.

Maxwell–Wagner Polarization and Mixed Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic State in Eu2CoMnO6

Herein, the electrical and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Eu2CoMnO6 are explored. More specifically, based on transport, dielectric, and impedance measurements, a thermally activated dielectric polarization near room temperature is reported. The valence states of transition metals in the Eu2CoMnO6 sample are studied by measuring the X‐ray absorption spectra at both Co‐L2,3 and Mn‐L2,3 edges. Moreover, based on magnetization, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, the coexistence of competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases is probed. Dielectric measurement shows a large dielectric constant near room temperature along with a large frequency dispersion. The temperature‐dependent resistivity, Cole–Cole plot, and imaginary part of impedance confirm the semiconducting nature of Eu2CoMnO6. Temperature‐dependent magnetization shows a second‐order magnetic transition below 125 K. Isothermal magnetization versus magnetic field loop shows first‐order metamagnetic transition, driven by mixed magnetic state owing to the presence of antisite disorder and antiphase boundary.

Quantum Enhanced Probes of Magnetic Circular Dichroism

AbstractMagneto‐optical microscopies, including optical measurements of magnetic circular dichroism, are increasingly ubiquitous tools for probing spin‐orbit coupling, charge‐carrier g‐factors, and chiral excitations in matter, but the minimum detectable signal in classical magnetic circular dichroism measurements is fundamentally limited by the shot‐noise limit of the optical readout field. Here, a two‐mode squeezed light source is used to improve the minimum detectable signal in magnetic circular dichroism measurements by 3 decibels compared with state‐of‐the‐art classical measurements, even with relatively lossy samples like terbium gallium garnet. These results provide a framework for new quantum‐enhanced magneto‐optical microscopies that are particularly critical for environmentally sensitive materials and for low temperature measurements where increased optical power can introduce unacceptable thermal perturbations.

Sublattice spin reversal and field induced Fe3+ spin-canting across the magnetic compensation temperature in Y1.5Gd1.5Fe5O12 rare-earth iron garnet

In the present work Fe3+ sublattice spin reversal and Fe3+ spin-canting across the magnetic compensation temperature (T) are demonstrated in polycrystalline Y1.5Gd1.5Fe5O12 (YGdIG) by means of in-field Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements. Corroborating in-field Mössbauer measurements, both Fe3+ & Gd3+ sublattice spin reversal has also been manifested in hard x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements. From in-field 57 Fe Mössbauer measurements, estimation and analysis of effective internal hyperfine field (H), relative intensity of absorption lines in a sextet elucidated unambiguously the signatures of Fe3+ spin reversal and field induced spin-canting of Fe3+ sublattices across T. Gd L3-edge XMCD signal is observed to consist of an additional spectral feature, identified as Fe3+ magnetic contribution to XMCD spectra of Gd L3-edge, enabling us the extraction of both the sublattices (Fe3+ & Gd3+) information from a single absorption edge analysis. The evolution of the XMCD amplitudes, which is proportional to magnetic moments, as a function of temperature for both magnetic sublattices extracted at the Gd L3-edge reasonably match with values that are extracted from bulk magnetization data of YGdIG and YIG (Y3Fe5O12) and corresponding Fe K-edge XMCD amplitudes for Fe contribution. These measurements pave new avenues to investigate how the magnetic behavior of such complex system acts across the compensation point.

Enhanced Magnetic Interaction between Ga and Fe in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Ferromagnetic Crystal Fe3GaTe2

Fe3GaTe2, a recently discovered van der Waals ferromagnetic crystal with the highest Curie temperature and strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy among two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials, has attracted significant attention and makes it a promising candidate for next-generation spintronic applications. Compared with Fe3GeTe2, which has the similar crystal structure, the mechanism of the enhanced ferromagnetic properties in Fe3GaTe2 is still unclear and needs to be investigated. Here, by using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, we find that both Ga and Te atoms contribute to the total magnetic moment of the system with antiferromagnetic coupling to Fe atoms. Our first-principles calculations reveal that Fe3GaTe2 has van Hove singularities at the Fermi level in nonmagnetic state, resulting in the magnetic instability of the system and susceptibility to magnetic phase transitions. In addition, the calculation results about the density of states in ferromagnetic states of two materials suggest that the exchange interaction between Fe atoms is strengthened by replacing Ge atoms with Ga atoms. These findings indicate the increase of both the itinerate and local moments in Fe3GaTe2 in view of Stoner and exchange interaction models, which results in the enhancement of the overall magnetism and a higher Curie temperature. Our work provides insight into the underlying mechanism of Fe3GaTe2's remarkable magnetic properties and has important implications for searching 2D materials with expected magnetic properties in the future.

A Metal‐Organic Framework Incorporating Eight Different Size Rare‐Earth Metal Elements: Toward Multifunctionality À La Carte

AbstractMulti‐metallic multivariate (MTV) rare earth (RE) metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) are of interest for the development of multifunctional materials, however examples with more than three RE cations are rare and obstructed by compositional segregation during synthesis. Herein, this work demonstrates the synthesis of a multi‐metallic MTV RE MOF incorporating two, four, six, or eight different RE ions with different sizes and in nearly equimolar amounts and no compositional segregation. The MOFs are formed by a combination of RE cations (La, Ce, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, and Yb) and a 1,7‐di(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐1,7‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane (mCB‐L) linker. The steric bulkiness and acidity of mCB‐L is crucial for the incorporation of different size RE ions into the MOF structure. Demonstration of the incorporation of all RE cations is performed via compositional and structural characterization. The more complex MTV MOF, including all eight RE ions (mCB‐8RE), are also characterized using optical, thermal, and magnetic techniques. Element‐selective X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism measurements allow us to characterize spectroscopically each of the eight RE ions and determine their magnetic moments. This work paves the way for the investigation of MTV MOFs with the possibility to combine RE ions à la carte for diverse applications.

Field-free spin-orbit torque switching assisted by in-plane unconventional spin torque in ultrathin [Pt/Co

Electrical manipulation of magnetization without an external magnetic field is critical for the development of advanced non-volatile magnetic-memory technology that can achieve high memory density and low energy consumption. Several recent studies have revealed efficient out-of-plane spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in a variety of materials for field-free type-z SOT switching. Here, we report on the corresponding type-x configuration, showing significant in-plane unconventional spin polarizations from sputtered ultrathin [Pt/Co]N, which are either highly textured on single crystalline MgO substrates or randomly textured on SiO2 coated Si substrates. The unconventional spin currents generated in the low-dimensional Co films result from the strong orbital magnetic moment, which has been observed by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurement. The x-polarized spin torque efficiency reaches up to −0.083 and favors complete field-free switching of CoFeB magnetized along the in-plane charge current direction. Micromagnetic simulations additionally demonstrate its lower switching current than type-y switching, especially in narrow current pulses. Our work provides additional pathways for electrical manipulation of spintronic devices in the pursuit of high-speed, high-density, and low-energy non-volatile memory.