Human Body Measurement Research Articles

In vivo electrical characteristics of human skin, including at biological active points.

The aim is to compare the mean values of the in vivo electrical characteristics of biological active points (BAPs) with those of the surrounding human skin. The impedance measurements at BAPs and on the surrounding skin are carried out in vivo on ten young, healthy people. The results of the measurements show that the BAP resistance RP is smaller, and the capacitance CP is higher, than the corresponding values for skin, RS and CS, respectively, these differences are larger at low frequencies (at f = 3 Hz, RS/RP = 3.19 and CP/CS = 3.2). The mean values of the impedance measurements at the BAPs are different from those measured on the skin. The dependence of RP and CP on the pressing force, in the range of about 1-5 N, for the BAPs, has a smaller slope than that observed for the surrounding skin. An equivalent circuit for the BAPs is proposed that describes sufficiently well the experimental results obtained. These results show that the large dispersion in the observed impedance characteristics of the human body measurements in different body regions can be related to the influence of the BAPs present under the electrodes.

Prospect of the Next-Term Human Body Measurement in Japan

Research Institute of Human Engineering for Quality Life (HQL) is planning to update the current human body measurement database by collecting new body measurement data, as well as it carries out the following development of measurement technology from 1999 to 2001. I. Development of New 3-D Body Surface Measurement System (1999 ∼ 2001) a. Generation of the super accurate data and reduction of the measuring time b. Measurement of the invisible human body parts c. Extraction of anatomical landmarks II. Development of New Data Format for 3-D Human Body Shape (1999) The human body shape generated from image data has difficulty in comparing data and comprehending distribution. This project aims at conducting the research and development to make the scan result easier to analyze and utilize.

3-D Body Scanning - Systems, Methods and Applications for Automatic Interpretation of 3D Surface Anthropometrical Data

Since the early beginning of the development of the 3-D digital human and ergonomics tool RAMSIS in 1988, appropriate measurement systems had been developed simultaneously. New integrated approaches and methods for human body measurement have been investigated and developed. TECMATH has developed the VITUS Pro and VITUS Smart 3-D Full Body Laser Scanner family for high precision, and adapted a 2-D video camera-based system that is simple to use and inexpensive. In the past three years, novel applications for mass customization have been developed specifically for the clothing industry. More than 120 systems (3-D and 2-D) have been installed in research environments, clothing shops, army facilities and automobile manufacturers in the past two years. These organizations require measurement systems, methods, and analysis techniques that ensure reliable and precise information about human body dimensions.

Human-body temperature measurements using contact radiometer with built-in calibrators

We have studied theoretically and experimentally the accuracy of human-body temperature measurements using a modulation-type contact radiometer in the UHF-EHF ranges. The radiometer uses a nontraditional structure that includes a reflection modulator. Comparing the traditional method of measurements used in the calibration of the temperature scale against external standards of radiation with calibration against the built-in noise generator and standard short-circuitor, we see that the measurement accuracy is approximately the same in both methods. However, the accuracy of the method set forth in this paper is limited mainly by the imperfections of the short-circuiter, whereas the errors of the traditional method are related to the inhomogeneity of the object under study with respect to the reflection factor. Experimental studies were carried out with human-body phantoms in the 8-mm range of wavelengths.

A Measurement of Horizontal Section Figures of a Human Body by a Three-dimensional Human Body Measurement System

A Measurement of Horizontal Section Figures of a Human Body by a Three-dimensional Human Body Measurement System

Karadeniz Bölgesi 17-20 Yaş Grubu Kız Öğrencilerde Boy Ve Alt Ekstremite Ölçümleri

It is excepted that the physical measurements of the human body and the ratio of measu¬rements to each other are affected not only by age and sex but physical conditions, eating habits and socio-economic situations as well. For this reason, we aimed to study on one-hundred girl students who and whose parents were born and grew up in the Black Sea Region. The girls studied on had no physical abnormalities. We found that the mean height was 160.135 cm, the mean lower extremity length was 83.70 cm, the ratio bet¬ween the lower extremity and height was 52.56%, the mean foot lenght was 23.97 cm, the mean foot width was 9.48 cm, and the man foot index was 39.54%. We compared our findings with those in the literature and evaluated them. Insan vucuduna ait olcumlerin ve birbirlerine olan oranlarinin yas ve cinsiyet faktorlerin¬den baska cografi sartlar, beslenme aliskanliklari ve sosyo-ekonomik kosullar ile etkilene¬cegi beklenir. Bu amacla, bu calisma ana-babalan ve kendileri dogma-buyume Karadeniz¬li olan ve fiziksel kusuru olmayan 100 ogrencide yapildi. Ortalama boy uzunlugu 160.135 cm, alt ekstremite uzunlugu 83.70 cm, alt ekstremite uzunlugu-boy uzunlugu orani %52.26, ayak uzunlugu 23.97 cm, ayak genisligi 9.48 cm, ayak indeksi %39.54 bulundu. Bulgularimiz literatur bulgulari ile karsilastirilarak degerlendirildi.

Three Dimensional Measurement of human body with non-contact Method

Three Dimensional Measurement of human body with non-contact Method

Measurement of a dummy by the magnetic three dimensional digitizer.

The magnetic three-dimensional digitizer was applied to the measurement of human body. The principle of position determination is presented. The precision of the measurement depends mainly on the distance between the magnetic source and the sensor, becoming exponentially poorer with increase in the distance. Based on the three dimensional data of a plaster dummy, a wire model of the dummy was displayed by computer graphics. As an application of the measurement, circumferential length of the trunk was calculated, which agreed well with that determined by measurement with tape. The error of the calculated length was estimated to be 0.93%, which included the apparatus error and the approximation error. The best use of characteristic features of the magnetic three-dimensional digitizer is the motion analysis of a human body or input of apparel design on a dummy.

Nondestructive measurement of bone mineral in femurs from ovariectomized rats

One hundred ninety-eight rats were ovariectomized (OX) or sham-ovariectomized (shOX) at 100 days of age. Groups were killed at 35, 70, 100, 125, 180, 270, 360, and 540 days postsurgery. Bone mineral content (BMC) of the right femur was assayed on a dual photon absorptiometer (DPA) optimized for human spine and whole body measurements. Three regions were studied: the distal measuring 0.8 cm, the proximal measuring 0.88 cm, and the diaphysis, the remainder. The DPA technique accurately showed the ash content (r = 0.96), with a precision error of 3-5%. Whole femoral BMC was 4.3-11.1% lower in OX than shOX rats, with significant differences from 35-180 days. By 35 days, distal femoral BMC declined 6% in OX rats and rose 12% in shOX rats. Distal femoral BMC was 11.3-17.5% lower in OX than shOX rats, with significant differences at all times except 540 days. Femoral diaphyseal BMC of OX and shOX rats did not differ at any time. The relative distal femoral osteopenia which appeared by 35 days in OX rats did not worsen during the next 17 months. A DPA suited for human BMC studies is also accurate for BMC determination in bones with 250-500 mg of mineral. It is less precise for this purpose than dedicated instruments using single photon absorptiometry. However, enough precision exists to monitor the development of relative osteopenia in OX rats. Osteopenia in OX rats is confined to a region containing appreciable cancellous bone. Its self-limiting nature suggests the existence of an estrogen-dependent quantum of cancellous bone in female rats. The adult rat model is accurate for cancellous bone of the adult human, but inaccurate for cortical bone.

Three Dimensional Measurement of Human Body

Three Dimensional Measurement of Human Body

The Present State on Measurement of Human Body and Their Future Themes

The Present State on Measurement of Human Body and Their Future Themes

Determination of patterns of human body measurements by use of partial correlations

From an anthropometric survey of British car drivers, matrices of correlations between body measurements have been obtained for males and females. These correlations have then been transformed into partial correlations with age, stature, and weight successively eliminated. It is argued that this process reveals patterns of body shape without the need for the complexities of more sophisticated techniques such as factor analysis.

Errors in the measurement of human body

To use the values of mesurement of human body effectively, we should know the maximum errors about each item of mesurement. Therefore the present authors carried out the mesurements of six mesured by 6-8 mesurers about 43 items. From these values 99% critical interval was calcurated and classified by the mean of mesured values. The 99% rate of confidence “Ck” was obtained as follows;Ck=t0.01⋅Sk√Nk+1/Nk/MkNk: Number of mesurersSk: Standard diviation (unbiased)Mk: Mean of mesured valuesThe mean value and standard diviation of 99% rates of confidence of 6 mesured were obtained. These means and standard diviations were divided into 6 groups as seen on Table 3 and 4. The former is called as the Degree of Confidence and the latter is called as the Degree of Stability. From these data it can be concluded that the item with 4 figures of number of mesured value generally includes the maximum error of 3%, one with 3 figures does 15%, one with 2 does 25%.

On the Study of Errors in Measurement of Human Body, No. 2

On the Study of Errors in Measurement of Human Body, No. 2