Measurement Of Daily Physical Activity Research Articles

Impact of the Boston Active School Day Policy to Promote Physical Activity among Children

To test effectiveness of Active School Day policy implementation on physical activity outcomes and estimate school-level implementation costs. The design of the study was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest matched controls). The study took place in six elementary schools with three matched pairs in Boston, Massachusetts, February to June 2011. Subjects were 455 consenting fourth- and fifth-grade students among 467 eligible. Active School Day policy implementation provided equipment, curricular materials, and training to physical educators and school wellness champions to promote 150 weekly minutes of quality physical education, recess, and physical activity integrated into classrooms. Accelerometer assessments of accumulated minutes and bouts of moderate, vigorous, and sedentary physical activity on 5 school days before and after implementation were used. Implementation costs were collected by record review and reported resource utilization. Analysis was conducted using multivariate mixed models estimated with repeated measures of daily physical activity, adjusted for student demographics and other confounding and design/clustering variables. Accelerometer data were provided by 201 intervention and 192 comparison students for an average of 4 days per period (84% response). During school time, students in intervention schools demonstrated greater increases in minutes per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8-6.0; p < .001) and vigorous physical activity (1.8, 95% CI .7-3.0; p < .001), and greater decreases in minutes per day of sedentary time (-10.6, 95% CI -15.3- -5.8; p < .001) than controls. Ongoing annual implementation costs totaled $4,523/school ($14/student). Active School Day implementation increased student moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels by 24% and decreased sedentary time during school at modest cost.

Promoting Active Living and Healthy Eating among Inner-City Youth through Community Health Workers: From Clinic to Neighborhood

The promotion of physical activity and healthy eating to prevent obesity among youth is a pressing challenge. The current study examined the feasibility of community health workers (CHWs) conducting a physical activity (PA) and healthy eating intervention strategy with links to community supports and programs. Youth aged 10 - 18 years were recruited from three clinical sites serving inner-city families. Trained CHWs conducted assessment and counseling for PA and healthy eating among youth and their families and provided customized plans and navigation to neighborhood PA and nutrition programs. Measures of daily PA by self-report, weekday and weekend day sedentary behaviors, fruit and vegetable intake, avoidance of fatty foods, and avoidance of sugary drinks were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Twenty-five patients (mean age = 12.9 years) were exposed to ~9 months of intervention from baseline. Pre- and post-assessments revealed significant changes in reported PA, sedentary behaviors on weekdays, sedentary behaviors on weekend days, fruit and vegetable intake, avoidance of fatty foods, and avoidance of sugary drinks. Results demonstrated the feasibility of having CHWs effectively influenced the PA and eating behaviors of inner-city youth. Greater success was evident when assessment and counseling for PA and healthy eating were accompanied by navigation to neighborhood resources. The use of CHWs may be a cost-effective approach impacting the PA, sedentary, and dietary behaviors of youth.

P138 Moderate-intensity Activity is Associated with Reduced Cardiovascular Risk Factors in COPD

BackgroundSteps measurement is a common measure of daily physical activity, but cannot define the intensity of physical activity. Moderate intensity activity is recommended type to maintain a basic level of...

Prognostic Value of the Objective Measurement of Daily Physical Activity in Patients With COPD

Subjective measurement of physical activity using questionnaires has prognostic value in COPD. However, their lack of accuracy and large individual variability limit their use for evaluation on an individual basis. We evaluated the capacity of the objective measurement of daily physical activity in patients with COPD using accelerometers to estimate their prognostic value. In 173 consecutive subjects with moderate to very severe COPD, daily physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer providing a mean of 1-min movement epochs as vector magnitude units (VMUs). Patients were evaluated by lung function testing and 6-min walk, incremental exercise, and constant work rate tests. Patients were followed for 5 to 8 years, and the end points were all-cause mortality, hospitalization for COPD exacerbation, and annual declining FEV(1). After adjusting for relevant confounders, a high VMU decreased the mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.986; 95% CI, 0.981-0.992), and in a multivariate model, comorbidity, endurance time, and VMU were retained as independent predictors of mortality. The time until first admission due to COPD exacerbation was shorter for the patients with lower levels of VMU (adjusted HR, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.983-0.995). Moreover, patients with higher VMU had a lower hospitalization risk than those with a low VMU (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.099; 95% CI, 0.033-0.293). In contrast, VMU was not identified as an independent predictor of the annual FEV(1) decline. The objective measurement of the daily physical activity in patients with COPD using an accelerometer constitutes an independent prognostic factor for mortality and hospitalization due to severe exacerbation.

Accelerometer-measured daily physical activity related to aerobic fitness in children and adolescents

Maximum oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2PEAK) is generally considered to be the best single marker for aerobic fitness. While a positive relationship between daily physical activity and aerobic fitness has been established in adults, the relationship appears less clear in children and adolescents. The purpose of this paper is to summarise recently published data on the relationship between daily physical activity, as measured by accelerometers, and [Vdot]O2PEAK in children and adolescents. A PubMed search was performed on 29 October 2010 to identify relevant articles. Studies were considered relevant if they included measurement of daily physical activity by accelerometry and related to a [Vdot]O2PEAK either measured directly at a maximal exercise test or estimated from maximal power output. A total of nine studies were identified, with a total number of 6116 children and adolescents investigated. Most studies reported a low-to-moderate relationship (r = 0.10–0.45) between objectively measured daily physical activity and [Vdot]O2PEAK. No conclusive evidence exists that physical activity of higher intensities are more closely related to [Vdot]O2PEAK, than lower intensities.

P109 Exercise capacity and physical activity in patients with CF: data from the UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium (UKCFGTC) ‘Run-In’ Study

IntroductionExercise capacity is predictive of mortality in CF. Objective measurement of daily physical activity may be related to exercise capacity and both may be useful outcome measures in interventional trials....

Psychosocial correlates of physical activity in adolescents with haemophilia

Boys with haemophilia are now encouraged to exercise and take part in physical activities, but actual measures of time spent in active participation is lacking. The aim of this study was to obtain an objective measure of daily physical activity in boys with haemophilia as compared with healthy controls. The study also aimed to ascertain the social and cognitive factors associated with exercise in this population. Seventeen patients (aged 11-18 years) with haemophilia were studied and compared with 44 healthy controls (aged 10-16.5 years). Physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Psychosocial correlates were assessed using validated questionnaires. Measured physical activity levels in subjects with haemophilia were slightly higher than for the control group. Both groups spent 70% of the day inactive, with similar proportions of time in moderate and vigorous activity. Subjects with haemophilia had a favourable self-image and similar levels of anxiety as peers without a bleeding disorder. Self-efficacy scores were lower than for controls suggesting increased sensitivity to barriers and lack of acceptance of alternatives. Health beliefs did not influence physical activity, but a negative correlation of time spent in high or vigorous activity with scores for support-seeking was observed. The data demonstrate that in the appropriate social environment and with medical support, patients with haemophilia may be as physically active as their peers without a bleeding disorder. Further investigation into the psychosocial barriers of physical activity in patients with haemophilia is needed to more effectively encourage healthy behaviours.

The repeatability of self reported physical activity patterns in rural South India.

The objective of this study was to develop a physical activity assessment questionnaire for use in poorly educated and low socio-economic rural communities in developing countries and assess the repeatability of the measurements over a one-year duration. Physical Activity Level, as a composite measure of daily physical activity (PAL = estimated 24 hour energy expenditure / estimated basal metabolic rate) was derived from the semi-pictorial, interviewer based questionnaire assessing physical activity over the previous 1 week. PAL of both men and women was unchanged across the different seasons of the year. Correlations between the first physical activity questionnaire and the mean of at least 4 questionnaires administered during the course of one year were generally high (males: PAL 'r' = 0.69, individual domains 'r' between 0.57 and 0.82; females: PAL 'r' = 0.7, individual domains 'r' between 0.41 and 0.76, all p < 0.05). Within- individual % coefficient variations (CV) across 4 physical activity questionnaires were low for sleep duration and PAL (< 14%) but high for the other domains of physical activity (77-100%). The data, at least in this community, suggest that while within-individual variations in specific domains of physical activity may be considerable, the questionnaire that we designed can rank individuals in terms of their PAL or individual domains of physical activity fairly consistently. A single physical activity assessment using this instrument may therefore be adequate to rank individuals.

Gender, mental health service use and objectively measured physical activity: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003–2004)

Objective To examine the relationship between physical activity levels measured objectively by accelerometry and the use of mental health services (MHS) in a representative sample of males and females. Method NHANES 2003–2004 is a cross-sectional study of the civilian, non-institutionalized US adult population. Participants reported whether or not they had seen a mental health professional during the past 12 months. Three measures of daily physical activity (light minutes, moderate-vigorous minutes, and total activity counts) and sedentary minutes were determined by accelerometry. The relationship between physical activity and use of MHS was modeled with and without adjustments for potential socioeconomic and health confounders. Results Of the 1846 males and 1963 females included in this analysis, 7 and 8% reported seeing mental health professionals during the past 12 months, respectively. Men who used MHS were significantly less active than men who did not use MHS (227,700 versus 276,900 total activity counts, respectively, p < 0.05). Men who did not use MHS engaged in 38 min (95% CI 16.3, 59.0) more of light or moderate-vigorous physical activity per day than men who used MHS. Physical activity levels of women, regardless of MHS use, were significantly lower than men who did not use MHS. Differences in total physical activity between women who did and did not use MHS were small (1.3, 95% CI −14.0, 11.4). Conclusion Men and women who used MHS were relatively sedentary. Additional research is warranted to determine if increasing physical activity levels results in improved mental health in individuals who use MHS.

Health‐related aspects of objectively measured daily physical activity in children

It is well established that physical inactivity in adults is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Whether daily physical activity level is related to risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children has been debated. Furthermore, objective data on the habitual daily physical activity in children have at large been scarce in the literature. The main reason for this is the fact that daily physical activity is very difficult to measure in children. In recent years, a new device, the accelerometer, has emerged as a frequently used instrument for the measurement of daily physical activity. This review summarizes recently published studies that have used accelerometers to measure daily physical activity in children and related activity data to known risk factors for CVD.

Daily differences in patterns of physical activity among overweight/obese children engaged in a physical activity program

The aim of this study was to compare the physical activity of overweight/obese children during days when they attended a physical activity program, and days when they did not. This is a cross-sectional intervention study of daily physical activity. The participants were referred by family, doctors, or hospital pediatricians to take part in a 10-month interdisciplinary, outpatient obesity intervention program for children. The subjects included 41 overweight and obese children aged 8-16 years, 19 boys (46%) and 22 girls (54%); BMI: 25.7 + 3.3 kg m(-2). The MTI Actigraph was used as an objective measure of daily physical activity over seven consecutive days. Physical activity program days presented a significantly higher percentage of time (4.68%) spent in moderate-to-vigorous activity compared with no physical activity program days (3.16%) and weekend (2.7%). The results of this study suggest that a physical activity program can help increasing daily physical activity in obese children, with a special focus on MVPA level. Our data point that obese children are less active at weekend than during weekdays.

Associations between Total Daily Step Count and Minutes of “Healthy” Physical Activity

Total daily step count recommendations for healthy physical activity have recently increased in popularity. Few studies have addressed whether total activity (steps per day) is related to daily minutes of healthy physical activity that would correspond to current health-related recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) (Pate, 1995). PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between total daily steps and minutes of MVPA, across multiple METHODS of measurement and multiple populations. METHODS: Pedometer and accelerometer measures of daily physical activity were obtained from samples of young (Y; n = 51), middle aged (MA; n = 107), and older (O; n = 50) adults during their regular physical activity. Data were also collected from a middle-aged to older adult sample (MAO; n = 57) who were enrolled in an organized walking program. Participants wore Omron pedometers (Y, MAO samples), Yamax pedometers (Y, MA, O samples), and/or Actigraph accelerometers (Y, MA, O samples) for 24 h. Total daily steps were obtained from all three instruments. Minutes of MVPA were obtained in three ways: (a) using the Omron “aerobic steps” mode, which saves steps above 60 steps/min if accumulated in bouts of at least 10 min; (b) from Actigraph counts using the Freedson et al (1998) cut-offs for moderate activity (≥ 1952 cts/min) over all minutes (intermittent MVPA); and (c) from Actigraph counts ≥ 1952 cts/min accumulated in bouts of at least 10 min. RESULTS: The correlations between Omron total steps and Omron-determined minutes of aerobic steps were r = .68 (MAO sample) and r = .71 (Y sample). Correlations between total steps and Actigraph-determined intermittent MVPA minutes ranged from r = .18 (Actigraph steps, Y sample) to r = .84 (Omron steps, Y sample); mean r = .59. For Actigraph-determined MVPA in 10+ min bouts, correlations ranged from r = .14 (Actigraph steps, Y sample) to r = .70 (Yamax steps, O sample); mean r = .46. CONCLUSIONS: Using two different criteria for healthy physical activity, the association between total steps and minutes of MVPA across several samples and measurement METHODS ranged from very low (2% common variance) to high (70% common variance), with an average 31 % common variance between the two forms of expressing “healthy” physical activity behavior.

Correlation of Pedometric Measurement of Daily Physical Activity with Exercise Endurance by Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Diabetes Mellitus

Correlation of Pedometric Measurement of Daily Physical Activity with Exercise Endurance by Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Diabetes Mellitus

Differences of Daily Physical Activity Levels of Children According to Body Mass Index

The purpose of this study was to compare the daily activity levels of children varying in body mass over 3 consecutive weekdays. The sample was comprised of 157 children (boys, n = 64; girls, n = 93), aged 8–15 years. BMI was used as obesity indicator. Children were categorized as non-obese and over- weight/obese group, according to the age-adapted values. The CSA activity monitor was used as an objective measure of daily physical activity. No significant differences were reported in the daily physical activity among boys and girls according to BMI group. Boys were significantly more engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (p = .05) than girls. Significant differences in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (p = .05) were found between non-obese (69.3 min • day−1) and obese girls (50.7 min • day−1), while no significant differences were reported in boys. Differences between overall activities and involvement in MVPA emerged between overweight/obese and non-obese girls; therefore, obesity in girls may be linked to low levels of physical activity behavior.

Correlation of Pedometric Measurement of Daily Physical Activity with Exercise Endurance by Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Ambulatory Stroke Patients

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between daily physical activity and physical fitness in twenty ambulatory post-stroke patients. The pedometric measurement was made using a caloriecounter in daily life at home and assessed to quantify the time constant (τ on) of oxygen uptake (VO2) and oxygen deficit with gas analysis using a bicycle ergometer. There were negative correlations between the amount of daily walking steps and τ on, as well as the oxygen deficit at the onset of exercise (τ on; r=-0.52, p<0.05, oxygen deficit ; r=-0.61, p<0.01 ), and positive correlations between the amount of daily walking steps and peak VO2, as well as the maximal work load with gas analysis (peakVO2; r=0.61, p<0.01, maximal work load ; r=0.69, p<0.01 ). These results suggest that gait performance of daily physical activity at home was generally related with exercise endurance in ambulatory post-stroke hemiplegia.

身体活動量の測定 最近の進歩

There are many studies about the relationship between physical activity and health, physical fitness, and chronic disease. The measurement of daily physical activity is important for patients with several major chronic diseases and with physical disabilities, such as coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, and diabetes. In the clinical practice, the assessment of daily physical activity is useful for advising patients about their life style and designing a rehabilitation program to maintain their physical fitness and optimal physical function. Oxygen consumption is the best parameter to show the intensity of different activities; however, it is almost impossible to measure oxygen consumption without inhibiting the subject's daily routine. Many methods instead of measuring oxygen consumption for measurement of physical activity have been studied and reported. The most generally used and well-known methods for this purpose are (a) self-administered quantitative histories or physical activity recall surveys, (b) time study method included in self-report diaries and observation, (c) doubly-labeled water method, and (d) mechanical and electronic monitor. The first two methods have been used many epidemiological studies. However both of these are subjective and influenced by subject inaccuracies or unwillingness to record every activity. The third method involves the administration of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen and the determination of the washout kinetics of both isotopes as their concentrations fall back down to the pre-administration level. Although the technique is feasible and non-invasive, it has not been widely used because of the cost and scarcity of isotopes. The fourth method can be classified into two types. One type of devices that makes use of biological signals from electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiograph (ECG). The other type of devices that assess the quantity of body movement by using mercury-switch transducer and accelerometer technology. The mechanical and electronic monitors have been improved for overcoming the technical problems in accuracy and confidence by using three-dimensional accelerometer and computer technology. This review demonstrated these methods for measuring physical activity and the recently progress.

Dynamic programming to determine optimum investments in information technology on dairy farms

The feasibility of integrating the information about a number of information technology (IT) applications on dairy farms is gaining interest because of the potential to improve economic results. In this study optimal investment patterns involving five IT applications are evaluated: (1) automated concentrate feeding systems; (2) measurement of daily physical activity of cows; (3) in-line automated parlour systems recording milk production; (4) milk temperature; and (5) electrical conductivity of milk. The investment decisions are optimised by dynamic programming taking into account price reduction and technical progress over time. The objective is to determine the pattern value of (stepwise) IT investments that maximises the net present over a given planning horizon. Optimal investment patterns are calculated under different assumptions of technical progress, farm characteristics and farm scale. In this way it is determined under which conditions the applications under research would be incorporated. Results for a typical Dutch dairy farm show that the optimal investment pattern includes automated concentrate feeders. The incorporated electronic individual cow identification and hardware facilitates the appraisal of other in-line sensor investments such as activity measurement of cows.

Rate constant for the kinetics of oxygen uptake during light exercise.

ARTICLESRate constant for the kinetics of oxygen uptake during light exerciseB. J. WhippB. J. WhippPublished Online:01 Feb 1971https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1971.30.2.261MoreSectionsPDF (549 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByA novel geometric method for determining the time constant for oxygen uptake kineticsChristopher B. Cooper and Alan Garfinkel25 October 2022 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 133, No. 5Priming cardiac function with voluntary respiratory maneuvers and effect on early exercise oxygen uptakeFrédéric Stucky,* Timothy W. Churchill,* Jessica L. Churchill, Bradley J. Petek, James Sawalla Guseh, Meagan M. Wasfy, Bengt Kayser, and Aaron L. Baggish25 April 2022 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 132, No. 5Time-course of V̇o2 kinetics responses during moderate-intensity exercise subsequent to HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training in type 2 diabetesNorita Gildea, Adam McDermott, Joel Rocha, Donal O’Shea, Simon Green, and Mikel Egaña1 June 2021 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 130, No. 6Running economy in recreational male and female runners with similar levels of cardiovascular fitnessGoncalo V. Mendonca, Pedro Matos, and Joana M. Correia3 September 2020 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 129, No. 3Limitations to exercise tolerance in type 1 diabetes: the role of pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and priming exerciseRichie P. Goulding, Denise M. Roche, Sam N. Scott, Shunsaku Koga, Philip J. Weston, and Simon Marwood5 May 2020 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 128, No. 5Impact of l -citrulline supplementation on oxygen uptake kinetics during walkingApplied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Vol. 43, No. 6Confidence in the curve: Establishing instantaneous cost mapping techniques using bilateral ankle exoskeletonsJeffrey R. Koller, Deanna H. Gates, Daniel P. Ferris, and C. David Remy1 February 2017 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 122, No. 2Estimating instantaneous energetic cost during non-steady-state gaitJessica C. Selinger, and J. Maxwell Donelan1 December 2014 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 117, No. 11Correlations between Pedometric Measurement in Daily Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes MellitusJournal of Physical Therapy Science, Vol. 16, No. 1Impaired oxygen on-kinetics in persons with human immunodeficiency virus are not due to highly active antiretroviral therapy11No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. 84, No. 12A New Method Using Pulmonary Gas-Exchange Kinetics To Evaluate Efficacy of β-Blocking Agents in Patients With Dilated CardiomyopathyChest, Vol. 124, No. 3Selective low-level leg muscle training alleviates dyspnea in patients with heart failureJournal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol. 40, No. 9Comparison of oxygen uptake on-kinetic calculations in heart failureMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 34, No. 10Physical Fitness and Exercise Endurance Measured by Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Stroke PatientsJournal of Physical Therapy Science, Vol. 14, No. 2Correlation of Pedometric Measurement of Daily Physical Activity with Exercise Endurance by Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Ambulatory Stroke PatientsJournal of Physical Therapy Science, Vol. 14, No. 2Influence of exercise intensity on the on‐ and off‐transient kinetics of pulmonary oxygen uptake in humans1 June 2001 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 533, No. 3Inferences from pulmonary O 2 uptake with respect to intramuscular [phosphocreatine] kinetics during moderate exercise in humans7 September 2004 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 518, No. 3Determination of the functional residual capacity during exercise24 October 2007 | Ergonomics, Vol. 23, No. 10Gas exchanges during exercise in normoxia and hyperoxiaRespiration Physiology, Vol. 33, No. 2 More from this issue > Volume 30Issue 2February 1971Pages 261-263 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1971 the American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1971.30.2.261PubMed5539892History Published online 1 February 1971 Published in print 1 February 1971 Metrics