Measurement Of Body Temperature Research Articles

Comparative measurements of surface body temperature of horses using infrared thermography

Infrared thermography is a painless, non-invasive method that can be used to improve the physiological assessment and health of the horse, and as an alternative, or in combination with other imaging methods and diagnostic procedures. The main advantage of thermography is the detection of subclinical signs of inflammation before the onset of clinical signs of pathology. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the surface body temperature of six clinically healthy horses in indoor conditions. The horses` bodies were laterally scanned on the left and right sides and were divided into the following regions: neck, shoulder, thoracic limb, back, thigh and pelvic limb. The abdominal region of the horses was scanned individually in ventral projection. The average temperature of each region was calculated. An approximately equal thermal symmetry was observed between both sides of the horse’s body.

A MICROCONTROLLER-DRIVEN ENTRANCE GATE TO COMBAT RESPIRATORY VIRUS SPREAD

Respiratory illnesses, including COVID-19, continue to be a significant public health concern worldwide. In this regard, public health organizations provide preventative measures, such as wearing masks, and practicing good hand hygiene, to help control the spread of respiratory illnesses. However, existing preventive measures may not be fully effective in ensuring compliance, especially in dispersed economic conditions, leading to continued risks of respiratory virus spread in public spaces. To address this challenge, this study proposes a microcontroller-driven system designed to monitor and regulate entry into public spaces, aiming to reduce the transmission of respiratory illnesses. The system employs a camera, a temperature sensor and an ultrasonic sensor to detect face mask usage, measure body temperature, and track the distance of hands from the sensor for automatic handwashing. Using deep learning method to measure accuracy rates of 0.90, 0.89, 0.89, and 0.89 for detecting face masks, precision, recall, and F1 score, respectively, and an accuracy of 99.18% in measuring body temperature. The system has the potential to enhance public safety significantly. The automatic door opening feature, triggered only when a person is wearing a mask, has an average body temperature, and has washed their hands automatically, adds to the system's efficacy. The system's ability to detect and respond to non-compliance with safety measures can help promote adherence to public health guidelines and reduce the risk of infection. This study's findings demonstrate the developed system's high potential to contribute to public safety in the era of respiratory viruses.

Berberine-containing natural-medicine with boiled peanut-OIT induces sustained peanut-tolerance associated with distinct microbiota signature.

Gut microbiota influence food allergy. We showed that the natural compound berberine reduces IgE and others reported that BBR alters gut microbiota implying a potential role for microbiota changes in BBR function. We sought to evaluate an oral Berberine-containing natural medicine with a boiled peanut oral immunotherapy (BNP) regimen as a treatment for food allergy using a murine model and to explore the correlation of treatment-induced changes in gut microbiota with therapeutic outcomes. Peanut-allergic (PA) mice, orally sensitized with roasted peanut and cholera toxin, received oral BNP or control treatments. PA mice received periodic post-therapy roasted peanut exposures. Anaphylaxis was assessed by visualization of symptoms and measurement of body temperature. Histamine and serum peanut-specific IgE levels were measured by ELISA. Splenic IgE+B cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Fecal pellets were used for sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA by Illumina MiSeq. Sequencing data were analyzed using built-in analysis platforms. BNP treatment regimen induced long-term tolerance to peanut accompanied by profound and sustained reduction of IgE, symptom scores, plasma histamine, body temperature, and number of IgE+ B cells (p <0.001 vs Sham for all). Significant differences were observed for Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio across treatment groups. Bacterial genera positively correlated with post-challenge histamine and PN-IgE included Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Hydrogenanaerobacterium (all Firmicutes) while Verrucromicrobiacea. Caproiciproducens, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroidales were negatively correlated. BNP is a promising regimen for food allergy treatment and its benefits in a murine model are associated with a distinct microbiota signature.

Design And Development Of Spo2, Bpm, And Body Temperature For Monitoring Patient Conditions In Iot-Based Special Isolation Rooms

The use of batteries as the main power source in portable equipment systems has several drawbacks, including the percentage of battery power that must be monitored so that the system is always active. Analysis of battery power efficiency is needed to determine the resistance of portable systems. This study makes a portable system for monitoring the condition of patients with infectious diseases in a special isolation room that can measure heart rate, body temperature, and oxygen saturation. The design of this device uses a 2200mAH battery as a power source on the IC TTGO ESP32 to manage data and display measurement results, the MAX30102 sensor to measure oxygen saturation and heart rate, and the MCP9808 sensor to measure body temperature. The design of this device has been tested on respondents aged 25-40 years by placing the sensor on the fingertip then the measurement results are compared with a standard device that has been calibrated. The measurement results show that the device is feasible to use because the measurement error value is ±5%. Testing the efficiency of battery power in normal mode and save mode. In normal mode, the current used in the device is 154.9 mA, while the save mode by not activating the LCD TTGO ESP32 requires a current of 126.7 mA. The results of the analysis show that using the battery in normal mode can activate the device for up to ±14 hours and in save mode for ±17 hours. This designed method is useful for measuring power efficiency in different device modes and the user knows the battery charging time at regular intervals.

Thermal refugia and persistence of Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum) in small towns

AbstractVegetation loss is a primary cause of habitat degradation and results in a decline in reptile species abundance due to loss of refuge from predators and hot temperatures, and foraging opportunities. Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum) have disappeared from many areas in Texas, especially from urbanized areas, probably in large part due to loss of suitable habitat. This species still occurs in some small towns in Texas that still contain suitable habitat. Long‐term data from Kenedy and Karnes City, Texas indicate that when study sites experienced significant shrub and vegetation removal horned lizards declined by 79%. We hypothesize the decline was due to the degradation of the thermal landscape for these lizards. We determined the preferred temperature range (Tset25 – Tset75) of lizards at our study sites and took field measurements of body temperature (Tb). Temperature loggers were also placed in three microhabitats across our study sites. Shrubs and vegetation provided the highest quality thermal environment, especially for about 5 h midday when temperatures in the open and buried under the surface in the open exceeded the lizards' critical maximum temperature (CTmax) or were above their preferred temperature range. Horned lizard density was positively related to the thermal quality of the habitat across our sites. Texas horned lizards in these towns require a heterogeneous mix of closely spaced microhabitats and especially thermal refugia, such as shrubs and vegetation along fence lines and in open fields. Maintaining thermal refugia is one of the most important and practical conservation actions that can be taken to help small ectotherms persist in modified human landscapes and cope with increasing temperatures due to climate change.

IoT Based Temperature Mask Scan Entry Barrier

IoT-enabled barriers that detect face masks and measure body temperature using machine learning. The suggested model can be applied to any entry, including those to a mall, a hotel, an apartment complex, etc. As a result, a dependable and affordable way for creating a healthy environment utilising AI and sensors.

Design of Basic Vital Signs Measurement Tool And Dehydration Early Detection in Human Body

A tool has been made to monitor vital signs such as heart rate, oxygen saturation in the blood, and body temperature based on a microcontroller which is based on dehydration conditions where the body loses more fluid than the amount of fluid it enters. Parameters for carrying out this detection include heart rate, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), body temperature and urine color. The targets of this research are (a) making a prototype, (b) programming the system with the help of the Arduino IDE, and (c) measuring system performance. The research method starts from making a prototype and measuring system performance. The results of measuring the performance of the tool show that the error for measuring heart rate is 1.28%, measuring blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) is 0.51%, and measuring body temperature is 1.729%. However, for the dehydration detection test from 5 test samples, the results showed a success percentage of 60% with an average error of 40%. Overall the tool can function well

Pengaruh Iklim Kerja Panas Terhadap Respon Fisiologis Pekerja dalam Ruang Preparasi di PT-X

Work climate is one of the factors whose gave big influence on the performance of human resources, for both in hot work climate and cold work climate, even the effect is not limited to performance but can go further, specifically on the safety and health of workers. For this reason, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the working climate standard. This study was conducted to determine the effect of hot working climate on the physiological response of workers in the preparation room at PT-X and to find a temperature control strategy in the preparation room at PT-X. The research were carried out in 4 steps, namely: first was collecting data on the work climate in the Preparation Room at PT-X, second was collecting data on the workload of workers in the Preparation Room at PT-X, third was collecting data on the physiological response of the worker in the form of measuring body temperature, measuring blood pressure, measuring pulse rate and measuring the weight of workers. The last step was analysis. Based on the results of the research, the hot working climate affects the physiological response of the workers before and after work. The strategy for controlling the hot working climate in the Preparation Room at PT-X is by increasing the rest time for workers, maximizing the use of PPE (Personal Protection Equipment) for each worker, and adding health signs at the worker's location.

Laboratory evaluation of forehead infrared radiation thermometers (FIRTs) used for core body temperature measurements

Laboratory evaluation of forehead infrared radiation thermometers (FIRTs) used for core body temperature measurements

Body temperature and infection in critically ill patients on continuous kidney replacement therapy

PurposeContinuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) is an increasingly common intervention for critically ill patients with kidney failure. Because CKRT affects body temperature, detecting infections in patients on CKRT is challenging. Understanding the relation between CKRT and body temperature may facilitate earlier detection of infection.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed adult patients (≥ 18 years) admitted to the intensive care unit at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from December 1, 2006, through November 31, 2015, who required CKRT. We summarized central body temperatures for these patients according to the presence or absence of infection.ResultsWe identified 587 patients who underwent CKRT during the study period, of whom 365 had infections, and 222 did not have infections. We observed no statistically significant differences in minimum (P = .70), maximum (P = .22), or mean (P = .55) central body temperature for patients on CKRT with infection vs. those without infection. While not on CKRT (before CKRT initiation and after cessation), all three body temperature measurements were significantly higher in patients with infection than in those without infection (all P < .02).ConclusionBody temperature is insufficient to indicate an infection in critically ill patients on CKRT. Clinicians should remain watchful for other signs, symptoms, and indications of infection in patients on CKRT because of expected high infection rates.

Sistem Cerdas Pemantau Kesehatan Pasien Lanjut Usia Berbasis IoT (Hardware)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technological innovation that is widely used in science, including the field of health sciences. An intelligent health monitoring system for elderly patients is only one of the IoT applications that might be developed in the field of health sciences. This system must be implemented so that doctors can ascertain the patient's status and that patients can be monitored from home rather than having to visit the hospital for checkups. Therefore, a device is required to make it simpler for patients and medical professionals to check the three vital signs—heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature. Vital signs are a variety of physiological statistical measurements that are used to assess a patient's health state, particularly in elderly people (elderly) who are ill or at risk. With the use of this instrument, the patient can provide the doctor with information on his vital signs, making it simpler for the doctor to identify the patient's condition and treat the patient. This tool's design makes use of the MAX30100 sensor, which measures oxygen saturation and heart rate. Then comes the MLX90614 sensor, which measures body temperature. The microcontroller (ESP32) processes the sensor before sending the data to the MySQL database. The percentage accuracy rate for testing the heart rate is 96.15%, the percentage accuracy level for testing the oxygen level is 97.4%, and the percentage accuracy level for testing the body temperature is 98.3%.

Flexible Passive Sensor Patch with Contactless Readout for Measurement of Human Body Temperature.

A passive flexible patch for human skin temperature measurement based on contact sensing and contactless interrogation is presented. The patch acts as an RLC resonant circuit embedding an inductive copper coil for magnetic coupling, a ceramic capacitor as the temperature-sensing element and an additional series inductor. The temperature affects the capacitance of the sensor and consequently the resonant frequency of the RLC circuit. Thanks to the additional inductor, the dependency of the resonant frequency from the bending of the patch has been reduced. Considering a curvature radius of the patch of up to 73 mm, the maximum relative variation in the resonant frequency has been reduced from 812 ppm to 7.5 ppm. The sensor has been contactlessly interrogated by a time-gated technique through an external readout coil electromagnetically coupled to the patch coil. The proposed system has been experimentally tested within the range of 32-46 °C, giving a sensitivity of -619.8 Hz/°C and a resolution of 0.06 °C.

A Simple Telemetry Sensor System for Monitoring Body Temperature in Rabbits-A Brief Report.

Continuous body temperature measurement is an important means of studying inflammation and metabolic changes using experimental animals. Although expensive telemetry equipment for collecting multiple parameters is available for small animals, readily used devices for mediate- or large-sized animals are rather limited. In this study, we developed a new telemetry sensor system that can continuously monitor rabbit body temperature. The telemetry sensor was easily implanted subcutaneously in rabbits housed in the animal facility while temperature changes were continuously recorded by a personal computer. Temperature data obtained by the telemetry was consistent with the rectal temperature measured by a digital device. Analysis of body temperature changes of unstrained rabbits, either under the normal condition or fever induced by endotoxin confirms the reliability and usefulness of this system.

Genome-wide association study for heat stress resistance in Brown Swiss cattle in Yucatan, Mexico

Global climate change has made heat stress tolerance an important trait to be considered in breeding programs to improve the resistance of productive animals to unfavorable environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to know the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and heat stress resistance through a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Where 95 Brown Swiss dairy cows have measured body temperatures, respiratory frequencies, and genotypes. Seven SNP were detected with a statistically significant effect (P &lt; 0.01) on respiratory frequency under heat stress. The markers with the highest association are in the Bos taurus autosome 6 (BTA 6), e.g. the BovineHD0600010397 SNP located within the FAM13A gene, and the BovineHD0600012612 SNP located within the PI4K2B gene. The ARS-BFGL-NGS-102407 SNP that is located in BTA 4 is the SNP that presents the highest number of associations to genes. Most of the genes are involved in cellular processes that are present in the resistance of individuals to high and humid environmental temperatures. These results provide new insights into the genetics of heat stress tolerance in Brown Swiss cattle in Yucatan, Mexico.

Vaginally use of iButton loggers to measure body temperature in grazing red deer (Cervus elaphus)

When collecting accurate physiological data, it is important to eliminate human interference and have a continuous recording. Particularly important in wild animals, non-invasive methods for measuring body temperature can be useful in monitoring health status and researching environmental and climatic effects. The aim of this study was to describe two methods for automatic recording of body temperature by means of a vaginal device in red deer (Cervus elaphus). Automatic thermal recording devices (iButton) were placed adhered to a vaginal sponge (10 animals, 10 days) and/or CIDR-G (13 animals, 10 days); all females were xylazine sedated first. All devices were successfully recovered and only one of them failed. In all cases, the devices recorded a rhythmic pattern of body temperature, and no major inconveniences were observed, suggesting that the iButton device can be successfully used in cases where continuous body temperature recording is required without any mayor interference caused by the handling itself.

Potential Effect of a Heat Wave on Body Temperature of Patients at the Emergency Department and in the Hospital: A Comparative Retrospective Study

Introduction:The impact of a heat wave on body temperature of patients being admitted to the emergency department (ED) and of patients that were already hospitalized was investigated. This can provide insight into measures or infrastructural adjustments that still need to be made.Method:A retrospective study comparing the measured body temperature of patients admitted to the ED and patients already hospitalized during a heat wave from August 11-13, 2020 versus a period in which no heat wave, no manifest presence of COVID-19, and no other endemism was present (October 10 and October 20, 2019, and November 5, 2019) was conducted. Two groups were created per period: morning and afternoon measurements.Results:Comparing the heat wave to the control period, no statistical difference was observed in morning temperature measurements at the ED. In the afternoon temperature measurements at the ED, however, a statistically significant difference (p &lt; 0.01) was measured. Afternoon measurements during the control period showed a mean of 36.842 °C, whereas the measurements during the heat wave showed a mean body temperature of 37.191 °C. For hospitalized patients, a statistical difference (p &lt; 0.01) was measured in both morning and afternoon temperature measurements. The control period showed a mean morning body temperature of 36.629 °C and a mean afternoon body temperature of 36.7154 °C, as opposed to the heat wave mean body temperatures in the morning (36.698 °C) and afternoon (36.7937 °C).Conclusion:This study emphasizes the rise in body temperature during a heat wave, independently of other factors that influence body temperature. Hospitals should focus on preventive measures, such as air conditioning and providing good temperature control. Further research is needed.

Heat stress promotes adaptive physiological responses and alters mrna expression of ruminal epithelium markers in Bos taurus indicus cattle fed low- or high-energy diets

This research aimed to evaluate the impact of temperature and energy status on the thermal indices, physiological parameters, and ruminal papilla mRNA expression levels of Zebu beef heifers (Bos taurus indicus). In this trial, we used six ruminal-cannulated Nellore females. The experimental design was a 6 × 6 Latin square, with six treatments and six periods. The research used a 2 × 2 + 2 factorial scheme. The arrangement comprised: two thermal conditions [thermoneutrality (TN; 21.6 °C) or heat stress (HS, 34 °C)]; two dietary energy levels (low or high-energy); and two additional treatments, with heifers exposed to the TN, but pair-fed with females exposed to HS (PFTN). For our purposes, body temperature, heart and respiratory rates were measured and the relative mRNA expression was quantified using the PCR-RT technique. Compared to TN or PFTN, the HS increased the body temperature measurements in the morning and evening (p ≤ 0.04). Heart rate was 22% greater for heifers under HS than for TN (p < 0.01) and 13% higher for those under HS than PFTN (p = 0.03) in the morning. Respiratory rates increased with HS exposure compared to TN or PFTN (p < 0.01). Heifers submitted to HS and fed low-energy diets had and tended to have lower caspase 3 (CASP3, p <i=></i> 0.001) and sodium-glucose cotransporter type 1 (SGLT1; p = 0.17) mRNA expressions, respectively. Heat-stressed heifers fed low-energy diets also increased the putative anion transporter (PAT1; p ≤ 0.01) mRNA expressions by 60%. Heifers under HS-fed high-energy diets had greater kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 9 expressions (p = 0.02), while KLK10 (p = 0.11) tended to be up-regulated in heifers in TN-fed a low-energy diets. In conclusion, heat stress down-regulated the mRNA expression of rumen markers related to short-chain fatty acids transport and pH modulation.

Design of a Compact Analog Complex Correlator for Millimeter-Wave Radiation Temperature Measurement System.

Human body temperature is a fundamental physiological sign that reflects the state of physical health. It is important to achieve high-accuracy detection for non-contact human body temperature measurement. In this article, a Ka band (32 to 36 GHz) analog complex correlator using the integrated six-port chip is proposed, and a millimeter-wave thermometer system based on the designed correlator is completed for human body temperature measurement. The designed correlator utilizes the six-port technique to achieve large bandwidth and high sensitivity, and miniaturization of the correlator is achieved through an integrated six-port chip. By performing the single-frequency test and the broadband noise measurement on the correlator, we can determine that the dynamic range of input power of the correlator is -70 dBm to -35 dBm, and the correlation efficiency and equivalent bandwidth are 92.5% and 3.42 GHz, respectively. Moreover, the output of the correlator varies linearly with the input noise power, which reveals that the designed correlator is suitable for the field of human body temperature measurement. Then, a handheld thermometer system, with a size of 140 mm × 47 mm × 20 mm, is proposed using the designed correlator, and the measurement results show that the temperature sensitivity of the thermometer is less than 0.2 K.

Heat stress and heat strain among outdoor workers in El Salvador and Nicaragua

BackgroundThere is growing attention on occupational heat stress in Central America, as workers in this region are affected by a unique form of chronic kidney disease. Previous studies have examined wet bulb globe temperatures and estimated metabolic rates to assess heat stress, but there are limited data characterizing heat strain among these workers.ObjectiveThe aims were to characterize heat stress and heat strain and examine whether job task, break duration, hydration practices, and kidney function were associated with heat strain.MethodsWe used data from the MesoAmerican Nephropathy Occupational Study, a cohort of 569 outdoor workers in El Salvador and Nicaragua who underwent workplace exposure monitoring, including continuous measurement of core body temperature (Tc), heart rate (HR), physical activity, and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), over the course of three days in January 2018 - May 2018. Participants represented five industries: sugarcane, corn, plantain, brickmaking, and construction.ResultsMedian WBGTs were relatively high (>27 °C) at most sites, particularly when work shifts spanned the afternoon hours (e.g., 29.2 °C among plantain workers). Sugarcane workers, especially cane cutters in both countries and Nicaraguan agrichemical applicators, had the highest estimated metabolic rates (medians: 299–318 kcal/hr). Most workers spent little time on break (<10% of the shift), as determined by physical activity data. Overall, sugarcane workers—particularly those in Nicaragua—experienced the highest Tc and HR values. However, a few workers in other industries reached high Tc (>39 °C) as well. Impaired kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate <90 mL/min/1.73 m2) was associated with higher Tc and HR values, even after adjustment.SignificanceThis is the largest study to-date examining heat stress and strain among outdoor workers in Central America. Workers at sugar companies regularly experienced Tc > 38°C (76.9% of monitored person-days at Nicaraguan companies; 46.5% at Salvadoran companies). Workers with impaired kidney function had higher measures of Tc and HR.Impact statementThis study examined levels of occupational heat stress and heat strain experienced among outdoor workers in five industries in El Salvador and Nicaragua. We characterized heat stress using wet bulb globe temperatures and estimated metabolic rate and heat strain using core body temperature and heart rate. Sugarcane workers, particularly cane cutters and Nicaraguan agrichemical applicators, performed more strenuous work and experienced greater levels of heat strain. Impaired kidney function was associated with higher heart rates and core body temperatures.

Could the different estrus periods significantly affect body temperature on clinical examination in bitches?

Clinical examination is essential to make a differential diagnosis list, and body temperature measurement is an indispensable part of the clinical examination. Throughout the estrus cycle, body temperature may fluctuate high enough to affect the clinical examination results. Aim of this study, whether there were any differences between the different estrus periods, body parts (rectal, intravaginal and corneal), and methods (contact thermography and infrared thermography) in regard to temperature in bitches. The animal material of this study consisted of 61 healthy, non-pregnant, non-sportive bitches (2.78 ± 0.22 mean years of age; mean weight 23.81 ± 1.61kg) of different breeds. Corneal temperature measurement results were found the least constant and significant differences were observed between different estrus periods except in the anestrus period. Rectal temperature (RT) measurement results were the most constant. However, in ANOVA analysis, significant differences were observed between the different estrus periods, and the difference between the anestrus and diestrus periods was very close to 0.5 °C. Although, in the Bland-Altman plot analysis, the agreement was observed only between rectal and intravaginal temperature (p: 0.572, r2: 0.70), the limits of agreement were not clinically acceptable. In conclusion, neither corneal temperature measurement with infrared technology nor intravaginal temperature measurement should not be an alternative to RT measurement, and RT measurement results should evaluate carefully considering the estrus period.