Measured Research Articles

Çocuklarda Vücut Kompozisyonunun Belirlenmesi: Biyoelektrik İmpedans Analizi

Çocukluk döneminde vücut kompozisyonunun etkisi, yetişkinlik dönemi risk faktörleri hakkında bilgi vermektedir. Bu nedenle, çocukluk döneminde, vücut suyu, kemik kütlesi, yağ kütlesi ve yağsız vücut kütlesindeki değişimin takip edilmesi ve egzersizin bu değişimlere olan etkisi klinik sağlık ve spor bilimlerinin araştırma alanı olmuştur. Çocukların vücut ağırlığını oluşturan bileşenler farklı büyüme ve gelişim döneminde değişmektedir. Büyüme ve gelişme döneminde vücut kompozisyonu ölçülmesi ve değerlendirilmesinde, kullanışlı, geçerli ve güvenilir yöntemin seçilmesi en kritik noktadır. En doğru sonuca ulaşabilmek için kullanılan laboratuvar yöntemlerinin çoğu uzmanlık gerektirmektedir. Laboratuvar ortamı olmayan büyük çalışma gruplarının ölçümünde kolay saha yöntemleri tercih edilmektedir. Çoğu zaman kullanım kolaylığı ve taşınabilir olması nedeniyle bilimsel çalışmalarda sıklıkla Biyoelektrik İmpedans Analizi (BİA) seçilmektedir. Popülasyona uygun BİA modelinin ve formülünün belirlenmesiyle doğru ve kesin sonuçlar elde edilmesi oldukça kolaydır. Bu derlemede, çocukların neden yetişkinlerden farklılaştığı, ölçümlerde kullanılan yöntem ve geliştirilmiş formüllerin sınırlılıkları ortaya konulmuştur. Vücut kompozisyonu bileşenlerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan yöntemlere ait çalışmalar tartışılmıştır. BİA’dan elde edilen ham verinin kullanımındaki yaklaşımlar ve modele ait yazılımdaki formül yerine popülasyona özel uygun regresyon formülünün seçimi ele alınmıştır. Bu derlemede ayrıca, oldukça özel bir grup olan sporcu çocuklardaki farklılıklar analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca fizyolojik ve performans faktörlerini etkileyen yağ ve yağsız vücut kütlesinin belirlenmesinde doğru sonuçlara ulaşmak için hangi verilerin dikkate alınması gerektiği bu derlemede özetlenmiştir.

Development of Surface Velocity Measurement Technique without Reference Points Using UAV Image

Development of Surface Velocity Measurement Technique without Reference Points Using UAV Image

The Continuous Measurement of CO2 Efflux from the Forest Soil Surface by Multi-Channel Automated Chamber Systems

The Continuous Measurement of CO2 Efflux from the Forest Soil Surface by Multi-Channel Automated Chamber Systems

Design and Application of Reflectance Measurement System for Sea Bottom in Optically Shallow Water

Design and Application of Reflectance Measurement System for Sea Bottom in Optically Shallow Water

Lengthy Prison Term as a Psychological Issue in the Penal System of the Russian Federation

Introduction: the paper analyzes scientific data related to the definition of the phenomenon “lengthy prison term” and demonstrates a relative and conditional nature of this phenomenon. Available scientific research findings in this area suggest that the duration of serving a sentence is an exclusively subjective measure for various criminals. Goal: to identify the impact of the length of prison sentences on convicts in the context of their reformation. Methods: we use general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization). The work is based on the results derived from the analysis of relevant foreign and domestic studies. Results: by analyzing the influence of specific features inherent in correctional institutions, we reveal the following inconsistency: custodial sentences and lengthy prison terms contribute to the adaptation of convicts to prison conditions, development of negative changes in their personality, destructive conduct, etc. In addition, prolonged stay in a correctional institution reduces the impact of major means of reformation such as prison regime, educational work, and socially useful work. Conclusions: when determining the length of prison term, it is necessary to proceed not so much from the nature and degree of public danger of the act, but from individual features of the criminal’s personality, their social environment, and the motive for the crime committed. It is necessary to abandon the quantitative approach to determining the mea sure of punishment expressed in the length of the prison term. Key words: lengthy prison term; serving a sentence; correctional institutions; crime; convicts; reformation; punishment; penal system of the Russian Federation; isolation conditions.

Correlation of Flood Muscular Power, Flexibility and Kinesthetic Perception with the Appropriateness of Football Shooting in 14 Years SSB Matra Karanganyar Players, 2021

This research was conducted in March 2021 at Lapangan Kebak Kramat. The research samples consisted of SSB Matra Karanganyar U14 players. The test and measurement technique was employed to collect data from the research samples. The results of data analysis and hypothesis testing showed that there were several significant relations between: (1) players’ leg muscle power and shooting accuracy (r xy = 0.582 > r t5% = 0.361); (2) players’ flexibility and shooting accuracy (r xy = 0.582 > r t5% = 0.361); (3) players’ kinesthetic perception and shooting accuracy (r xy = 0.450 > r t5% = 0.361); and (4) players’ leg muscle power, flexibility, and kinesthetic perception altogether and shooting accuracy (Ry(1,2,3) = 0.372 > r t5% = 0.361 dan F-count = 3.394 > F t5% = 2.89).

The effects of HRM approach on quality management techniques and performance

Using data from 250 companies from Brazil and Denmark, this study aims to investigate the effects of commitment- and control-oriented human resource management (HRM) on the relationship between four QM technique groups, namely goal setting (GS), continuous improvement (CI), measurement (MS) and failure prevention and control (FPC) techniques, and performance. Both HRM approaches affect the QM techniques and performance positively. However, the association with control-oriented HRM has a stronger performance effect for three QM techniques groups (CI, MS and FPC) than the association with commitment-oriented HRM. Only for the GS techniques, the effects of control- and commitment-oriented HRM on performance are not statistically significantly different. These results show that HRM practices may contribute to enable QM techniques to have a positive effect on performance. Additionally, the results demonstrate that control-oriented HRM supports the QM techniques better in improving performance than commitment-oriented HRM for most groups of QM techniques studied. These findings suggest an important duality: while previous studies suggest that QM practices thrive in a commitment-oriented HRM environment, this research shows that QM techniques are best supported through control-oriented HRM. Further research, going beyond the two country samples, is needed to explore the implications of this duality.

Conceptualizing and Measuring Political Inequality in a Cross-National Perspective

Conceptualizing and Measuring Political Inequality in a Cross-National Perspective

Respiratory rate monitoring system based on inorganic halide perovskite humidity sensor

The traditional respiratory rate measurement technologies have several deficiencies, such as subjective appraised results, complicated signal extraction processes, difficult access to equipment, and inconvenience to move due to the wired connection setting. The respiratory airflow can directly reflect the human breath, and the respiratory frequency is usually 1012 breaths/min (1 ventilation every 56 seconds). The humidity difference between exhalation and inhalation can be directly used to measure respiratory rate. In the present work, a wireless respiratory rate monitoring system based on inorganic halide perovskite humidity sensor was developed. The sensor exhibits an ultrasensitive humidity sensing performance, which overcomes the long response/recovery time (> 10 seconds) of the commercial humidity sensors. The system utilized a Zigbee wireless communication to transmit the measurement signal, which separates the signal detection and processing parts, making it easier for the tester to move. The upper computer software was designed and used for data processing to calculate the breathing rate. The system can accurately monitor the respiratory rate in real-time, recognize and alarm the apnea successfully by comparing with a setting threshold value. The test results show that the system can accurately monitor the breathing rate with a maximum error of 1 time per minute. The system possesses great potential for application in respiratory rate monitoring due to its high accuracy, simple operation, portability, and low cost.

Method of simultaneous calibration of dual view 3D measurement system

In view of the limitations of the existing methods when the camera has no common field of view, this paper proposes a method of using two plane calibration plates to calibrate two cameras at the same time. By deriving the coordinate transformation between the two cameras and two calibration plates, the solution of the relative pose relationship between any camera and the reference camera is transformed into a more mature hand-eye calibration equation. The experimental results show that this method can achieve simultaneous calibration of two cameras, and the absolute error is less than 0.089 mm. In the dual vision 3D measurement system, the cumulative error with phase height is less than 0.116 mm, which can provide a reliable initial value for the next step of data fusion.

Error model analysis and correlation correction of Hartmann's focimeter

In order to reduce the error and improve the measurement accuracy, a more detailed error model is established for the Hartmann method of focal power measurement in this paper. It focuses on the analysis of several problems that cause the error of refraction problems, including the dispersion error of the light source, the inaccurate of the photodetector’s central positing, the tilt of lens, misalignment between incidence axis and main axis of lens, and the incident light and the lens are not perpendicular. At last, it is concluded that the inaccuracy of the center extraction on the photodetector will cause a large error to the final result. For all these reasons, a method of dual bilinear interpolation combined with a fitting method to find the centroid is proposed, proving its effectiveness and accuracy.

Measurement of antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid against TEMPO radical scavenging using the quartz crystal micro-balance as a novel technique

Ascorbic acid is known as an important vitamin antioxidant, which has many role in the health of body cells. In this research, for the first time has been used from the quartz crystal micro-balance (QCM) technique to determine the antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid against TEMPO radical scavenging in different concentrations in binary mixture of water-ethanol (1:2 v/v) at room temperature. In this technique, the mass changes on the quartz crystal covered by gold layer and modified by the cysteine are measured using the changes of vibrational frequency. The antioxidant capacity was measured based on the radical adsorption on the modified layer of crystal. Changes in frequency were observed proportional to the mass of the absorbed TEMPO radical. The obtained results indicate that the scavenging property of ascorbic acid is increased by increasing the concentration of TEMPO free radical. Finally, the adsorption process of TEMPO radical was evaluated by using Langmuir and Freundlich models. It was found that the adsorption of TEMPO radical on the surface of crystal follows the Langmuir isotherm.

Public precaution awareness: a case study from Google search trend during Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia

Objective: The global outbreak of COVID-19 is emerged recently and this poses stress on health and well-being of the people in the worldwide including in Indonesia. Public interest in this new issue largely reflects people’s attention to COVID-19 and their willingness to take precautionary actions. This study aimed to examine public awareness on the prevention of COVID-19 using Google Trend (GT) . Methods: Using GT, we retrieved public query data for the term of (coronavirus, handwashing, hand sanitizer and facemask) between 12 December 2019 and 4 April 2020 in the specific locations of Indonesia nationwide and several provinces. The correlation between daily search volumes on the topic related to COVID-19 and the daily number of people infected with COVID-19 was analyzed. Results: Our studies observed the overall search trend of RSV regarding COVID-19 after the global outbreak and the announcement of first covid-19 case in Indonesia, the search related to COVID-19, and other defined terms in Indonesia increased rapidly. In addition, search related to face mask were gradually increased. Searches for face mask and hand sanitizer is more popular than handwashing. There is a positive correlation between daily RSV on COVID-19 and other defined terms and the daily number of people infected with COVID-19 nationwide ( p <0·05). There are various interest to RSV related to COVID-19, and public awareness of COVID-19 was almost similar in some provinces, particularly searches related to facemask and hand sanitizer. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrates that GT could potentially define the proper timing and location for practicing appropriate risk communication strategies to prevent the spread of emerging disease. The study demonstrates that government should strengthen the publicity of COVID- 19 nationally, reinforce the public's awareness on the prevention of COVID-19 and finally inform the importance of protecting individuals with appropriate and affordable precautionary measures.

Regressing the Propensity to Vote

The present paper addresses the propensity to vote with data from the third and fourth rounds of the European Social Survey. The regression of voting propensities on true predictor scores is made possible by estimates of predictor reliabilities (Bechtel, 2010; 2011). This resolves two major problems in binary regression, i.e. errors in variables and imputation errors. These resolutions are attained by a pure randomization theory that incorporates fixed measurement error in design-based regression. This type of weighted regression has long been preferred by statistical agencies and polling organizations for sampling large populations.

Определение центрального артериального давления – перспективное направление выявления начальной стадии артериальной гипертензии

Определение центрального артериального давления – перспективное направление выявления начальной стадии артериальной гипертензии

Nationwide population-based surveys of Iranian COVID-19 Serological Surveillance (ICS) program: The surveys protocol

Background: Serological surveillance of COVID-19 through conducting repetitive population-based surveys can be useful in estimating and monitoring changes in the prevalence of infection across the country This paper presents the protocol of nationwide population-based surveys of the Iranian COVID-19 Serological Surveillance (ICS) program Methods: The target population of the surveys is all individuals ≥6 years in Iran Stratified random sampling will be used to select participants from those registered in the primary health care electronic record systems in Iran The strata are the 31 provinces of the country, in which sampling will be done through simple random sampling The sample size is estimated 858 individuals for each province (except for Tehran province, which is 2574) at the first survey It will be recalculated for the next surveys based on the findings of the first survey The participants will be invited by the community health workers to the safe blood sampling centers at the district level After obtaining written informed consent, 10 mL of venous blood will be taken from the participants The blood samples will be transferred to selected reference laboratories in order to test IgG and IgM antibodies against COVID-19 using an Iranian SARS-CoV-2 ELISA Kit (Pishtaz Teb) A serologically positive test is defined as a positive IgG, IgM, or both After adjusting for the measurement error of the laboratory test, nonresponse bias, and sampling design, the prevalence of COVID-19 will be estimated at the provincial and national levels Also, the approximate incidence rate of infection will be calculated based on the data of both consecutive surveys Conclusion: The implementation of these surveys will provide a comprehensive and clear picture of the magnitude of COVID-19 infection and its trend over time for health policymakers at the national and subnational levels © Iran University of Medical Sciences

Anthraquinones: A Promising Multi-target Therapeutic Scaffold To Treat Covid-19

The coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a humanitarian crisis. Considering the severity of the situation we have performed a virtual screening of anthraquinones derivative drugs and phytochemicals targeting simultaneously multiple essential proteins of SARS-CoV-2 namely Mpro, PLpro, RdRp and the spike. Among the 9 screened anthraquinones derivative drugs, valrubicin, idarubicin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin and diacerein were the most potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, PLpro, RdRp and Spike simultaneously. Valrubicin has the best affinity towards the spike protein (-9.5 kcal/mol), RdRp (-8.2 kcal/mol) and PLpro (-7.9 kcal/mol) while idarubicin and doxorubicin were the most effective against Mpro (-8.3 kcal/mol). No toxicity measurements are required for these drugs since they were tested prior to their approval by the FDA. Of the 140 screened phytochemicals anthraquinones were the most potent candidates. Hypericin and rhein were able to bind to the active site of all four targets, while chrysophanol, aloesaponarin II, emodine, aloe-emodine, physcion and danthron simultaneously bound to the active site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, Spike and RdRp. Hypericin showed the best affinity towards the spike protein (-9.7 kcal/mol), RdRp (-10.2 kcal/mol) and PLpro (-7.8 kcal/mol), while chrysophanol was the most effective one against Mpro (-8.4 kcal/mol). Our overall prediction findings indicate that anthraquinones may inhibit the activity of the four essential proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and those results can pave the way in drug discovery.

Homeostase glicêmica e marcadores antropométricos associados à resistência insulínica em pacientes portadores de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica

Objetivo: Determinar medidas antropométricas preditivas associadas à resistência à insulina em pacientes portadores de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica. Métodos: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado em dois centros ambulatoriais de Recife-PE. O público foi formado por indivíduos de ambos os sexos, acima de 18 anos, com diagnóstico de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica via ecografia abdominal. As variáveis antropométricas coletadas foram: circunferência da cintura, índice de massa corporal, índice de conicidade, razão cintura-quadril e cintura-estatura. A resistência à insulina foi determinada através do Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Para entender as diferenças entre as variáveis, o teste de U Mann-Whitney e testes de correlação foram realizados. Resultados: Participaram 75 indivíduos com predominância do sexo feminino (85%) e com idade superior a 60 anos (44%). A resistência à insulina foi elevada na população, perfazendo mais da metade dos indivíduos (73%). Com exceção do índice de massa corporal e da razão cintura-quadril, demais índices apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa entre a presença da resistência à insulina com a esteatose hepática não alcoólica: razão cintura-estatura (p=0,004), índice de conicidade (p=0,031) e circunferência da cintura (p=0,001). No teste de correlação, apenas a circunferência da cintura (r =0,2184; p=0,05) e a razão cintura-quadril (r =0,2310; p=0,04) associaram-se. Conclusões: Os indicadores antropométricos são ferramentas aplicáveis na prática clínica e no contexto de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica; contudo, a circunferência da cintura e as razões cintura-estatura e cintura-quadril apresentaram as melhores predições.

Attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic wave in inductive coupled plasma based on variation of discharge power

The application of Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) can cause a wide range high density plasma and has great advantages in electromagnetic wave attenuation. Studying the process of interaction between ICP and electromagnetic wave, we established the electromagnetic wave propagation in inhomogeneous plasma, adopted hierarchical model for the diagnosis of the interaction of plasma and electromagnetic wave, and studied the electromagnetic wave attenuation under different conditions of input power. The experiment method of inductively coupled plasma for attenuation electromagnetic wave was proposed. Based on the model of plasma covering over the metal plate, the arch system for measurement of microwave reflectivity of plasma was established. The interaction of closed-plasma and electromagnetic wave with a bandwidth of 4−8 GHz was studied, the effect on microwave reflection of different rf power was evaluated analyzed, and the experimental measurement and calculation results were analyzed. The experimental results show that the inductively coupled plasma attenuates the electromagnetic wave in 5.92−6.8 GHz band obviously by power regulation.

Field measurement-based wind-induced response analysis of multi-tower building with tuned mass damper

The 246.8-m-tall Beijing Olympic Tower (BOT) is a new landmark in Beijing City, China. Its unique architectural style with five sub-towers and a large tower crown gives rise to complex dynamic characteristics. Thus, it is wind-sensitive, and a double-stage pendulum tuned mass damper (DPTMD) has been installed for vibration mitigation. In this study, a finite-element analysis of the wind-induced responses of the tower based on full-scale measurement results was performed. First, the structure of the BOT and the full-scale measurement are introduced. According to the measured dynamic characteristics of the BOT, such as the natural frequencies, modal shapes, and damping ratios, an accurate finite-element model (FEM) was established and updated. On the basis of wind measurements, as well as wind-tunnel test results, the wind load on the model was calculated. Then, the wind-induced responses of the BOT with the DPTMD were obtained and compared with the measured responses to assess the numerical wind-induced response analysis method. Finally, the wind-induced serviceability of the BOT was evaluated according to the field measurement results for the wind-induced response and was found to be satisfactory for human comfort.