Measurement Of Technological Change Research Articles

Patents and the measurement of technological change: A survey of the literature

This paper starts out by reviewing the literature that in different ways utilizes patent data as a source of information in measuring technological change. The main focus, however, is an assessment of patent statistics used as a technology indicator. This is done by investigating the relationship between patenting and the innovation process. The analysis reveals many, and well-known, problems. The second part of the paper therefore reviews the research directed at improving the quality of the patent statistics as a technology indicator. This has been done in a number of ways depending on the focus of the analysis. In general we may conclude that it seems necessary to utilize the data at the lowest possible level of aggregation to overcome the problems of validity.

An approach to the measurement of technology based on the hedonic price method and related methods

Two methods are applied to the mapping and measurement of technological change in the motor car technology. The two methods used are principal components analysis (PCA) and an application of the hedonic price method. The analysis covers the period 1955–1983 for the U.K. market. The methods themselves are part of a more general framework developed in a previous paper.

Measurement of English farming technological change, 1523–1900

I have argued that for the period from 1661 to 1850, patent data in England were consistent in that no official changes in methods and standards of issuance occurred. Book data on titles published on farming production methods were similarly consistent from 1523 to the mid-19th century because the market for books developed gradually and the technology of printing was not substantially changed until the mid-19th century. My main point is that data on output of titles of books on farming productive techniques in England are useful measures of technological change. Books did have information on good production methods and could express productive ideas where a patent may not be issued. Further, the literacy rate of farmers was high so that books were likely an important source of ideas on farming production methods. Finally, the fluctuations in the book data were highly related to the fluctuations in the patent data, suggesting that a common set of factors caused those fluctuations. The high correlations between the detrended book and patent data indicate that if we accept patenting as a useful measure of technology we may also accept book title output of a technical nature as a good measure of technical change. I used the data for a simple analysis of the trend growth rate of agricultural technology in England from 1551 to 1850. While there is limited evidence to show that the subperiod 1651–1750 saw a slowing in the trend of development of farming technology, I argue that a division of the entire period into subperiods is too simplistic. A more fruitful approach would be an analysis of the underlying forces that determined the trend of development of the technology of English agriculture. The next step is an analysis of the forces that influenced technological development of English farming. From an economic point of view, market forces play an important role in influencing technology. Because such an analysis deserves careful consideration, I leave that to another paper (see Sullivan and Simon, 1983).

Patent statistics and the measurement of technological change — an assessment of the Norwegian patent data, 1840–1980

Water availability for agriculture will become a growing constraint in areas already under environmental and social stress due to population growth, development, and climatic variability. This limits the potential for expanding irrigated areas and for sustainable intensification, and compromises the ability of smallholder farmers to cater to the increased demand for food. This chapter assesses the key global challenges to water availability and how increasing scarcity and competition for water resources are affecting agricultural productivity, especially that of smallholder producers in Asia and Africa. It further analyzes emerging water management practices that can be sustainably adapted to the needs of smallholder farmers. We provide evidence of the economic viability and potential to improve farmers’ income from such solutions. The opportunity for scaling up high-impact solutions is also assessed against available empirical evidence.

Patent statistics and the measurement of technological change—an assessment of the Norwegian patent data, 1840–1980 : Basberg B. L. World Patent Information 6 (4), 158–164

The article describes the origin and development of the technical information organization. Telesystemes QUESTEL, the extent of its patent files, covering French and EPO patent documents and the EPO patent family file, the cooperation with Derwent Publications which enabled the World Patents Index (WPI) to be loaded on the QUESTEL mainframe, the possibility for statistical analysis of patents, the availability of chemical substructure searching and the development of Markush DARC software to enable, in the near future, handling of Markush formulae.

Patent statistics and the measurement of technological change—an assessment of the Norwegian patent data, 1840–1980 Basberg B. L. World Patent Information 6 (4), 158–164

Patent statistics and the measurement of technological change—an assessment of the Norwegian patent data, 1840–1980 Basberg B. L. World Patent Information 6 (4), 158–164

On the blackness of kettles: Inter-industry comparisons in rates of technological innovation

Conventional indirect measures of technological change in industry are shown to mislead analysts of the building industry. The result is a continuing popular and academic misreading of the industry. The diffusion of 14 innovations in the industry are measured empirically rather than inferentially and differences in diffusion rates are related to the industry's “management” of those innovations. A joint public-private strategy for managing future innovations is suggested.

A theory of measurement of technological change

This paper presents a theory of measurement of technological change based on the author's earlier research in this area. In essence the proposed theory permits assessment of technological change without recourse to any extraneous variables. The framework developed herein provides an alternative to the conception of technical change in the form of production function and has also important practical implications for systems analysis and allocation of resources across different technologies.

Technological Change and Manpower Resources: A Systems Perspective

To date there has been no cohesive examination of the interrelationship between new technology and manpower resources. Most studies have reflected the disciplinary bias of economists or technologists. Economists have stressed supply and demand factors and the role of new technology on increase in productivity. Technologists have stressed the deterministic effects of new technology. This article synthesizes theories and findings from behavioral and social science and the field of management, as well as from economics and technology, within the framework of systems science. In sequence, the article discusses: the sociotechnical system environment in which the interaction between new technology and manpower resources takes place; the measurement of technological change; how technological change affects manpower; the prediction of skill and manpower requirements; and electronics-based computer-communications technology. The needs for advances in theory and methodology are argued. The elements of a systems theory are sketched, and the value of the systems dynamics approach to modeling and computer simulation is emphasized.

Observation and measurement of technological change

Observation and measurement of technological change

On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change. By Murray Brown. Pp. xii, 214. 45s. 1966. (Cambridge.)

On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change. By Murray Brown. Pp. xii, 214. 45s. 1966. (Cambridge.)

On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change

On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change

On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change

On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: American Investment in Australian Industry. By D. T. Brash The Theory of National Income and Employment. By B. CameronImpact of Western Man. By W. Woodruff Communist China's Economic Growth and Foreign Trade. By A. Eckstein Growth, Productivity and Relative Prices. By A. Olgaard Programming the Optimal Development of the Greek Economy. By J. B. Nugent On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change. By M. Brown Higgledy Piggledy Growth Again. By I. M. D. Little and A. C. Rayner Effects of Corporation Income Tax. Edited by M. Krzyzaniak International Monetary Economics. Collected Essays. By F. Machlup Basic Statistics with Business Applications. By E. C. Clelland, J. S. Decani, F. E. Brown, J. P. Bursk and D. S. Murray

On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change.

On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change.

On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change

Journal Article M. Brown. On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change Get access On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change. By M. Brown. (London: Cambridge University Press, 1966. Pp. xii + 214. 45s.) K. J. Wigley K. J. Wigley Department of Applied Economics, Cambridge. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 77, Issue 306, 1 June 1967, Pages 356–357, https://doi.org/10.2307/2229314 Published: 01 June 1967

On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change

Babeau Andre. Brown (Murray) - On the theory and measurement of technological change.. In: Revue economique, volume 18, n°2, 1967. pp. 331-332.

On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change. Murray Brown

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsOn the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change. Murray Brown C. E. FergusonC. E. Ferguson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Political Economy Volume 75, Number 1Feb., 1967 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/259253 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1967 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Murray Brown — On the theory and Measurement of Technological Change

Murray Brown — On the theory and Measurement of Technological Change

De neoklassieke theorie en de technische vooruitgang

This article contains a short survey of recent developments in neoclassical economic theory. Inspiration to write it is due to Murray Brown's interesting bookOn the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change (1966). Neoclassical economic theory is presented as centering around the production function. The year 1956 is shown to have been an important year in this respect on account of the discovery of the Solow Function and the Abramowitz Residual. With regard to the theory of economic growth there are now two schools which may be called the school of Meade and the school of Solow. Brown endeavours to break down the Residual. His contribution in trying to distinguish ‘technological epochs’ is discussed at some length.