Measures Of Sedentary Behaviour Research Articles

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Croatian Preschool Children: A Population-Based Study

This study aimed to determine the differences in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in preschool children living in different geographical regions. Preschool children (N=1625) and their parents from different parts of Croatia, from urban and rural settlements, participated in this cross-sectional, population-based study. Parents completed the Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ), a measure of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children. The main results of this study show differences in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in preschool children living in four geographical regions in Croatia (F=4.45; p<0.01). The least physically active are children from a continental area that gravitates to the capital city, while the most active are children from a southern coastal region. Sedentary behaviour is the greatest in the rural eastern Croatian continental region. Higher physical activity and lower sedentary activities in young children living in coastal compared to continen- tal regions show possible specific advantages of Mediterranean climate in general. The practical importance of information obtained in this study is a need for a specific intervention strategy for improving physical activity in continental preschool institutions.

The Alberta moving beyond breast cancer (AMBER) cohort study: baseline description of the full cohort

PurposeThe Alberta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer (AMBER) Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study investigating how direct measures of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and health-related fitness (HRF) are associated with survival after breast cancer.MethodsWomen in Alberta with newly diagnosed stage I (≥ T1c) to IIIc breast cancer were recruited between 2012 and 2019. Baseline assessments were completed within 90 days of surgery. Measurements included accelerometers to measure PA and SB; a graded treadmill test with gas exchange analysis to measure cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak); upper and lower body muscular strength and endurance; dual-X-ray absorptiometry to measure body composition; and questionnaires to measure self-reported PA and SB.ResultsAt baseline, the 1528 participants’ mean age was 56 ± 11 years, 59% were post-menopausal, 62% had overweight/obesity, and 55% were diagnosed with stage II or III disease. Based on device measurements, study participants spent 8.9 ± 1.7 h/day sedentary, 4.4 ± 1.2 h/day in light-intensity activity, 0.9 ± 0.5 h/day in moderate-intensity activity, and 0.2 ± 0.2 h/day in vigorous-intensity activity. For those participants who reached VO2peak, the average aerobic fitness level was 26.6 ± 6 ml/kg/min. Average body fat was 43 ± 7.1%.ConclusionWe have established a unique cohort of breast cancer survivors with a wealth of data on PA, SB, and HRF obtained through both direct and self-reported measurements. Study participants are being followed for at least ten years to assess all outcomes after breast cancer. These data will inform clinical and public health guidelines on PA, SB, and HRF for improving breast cancer outcomes.

Measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior in national health surveys, South America.

ABSTRACTObjectives.To characterize how physical activity and sedentary behavior have been measured in national health surveys in South American countries.Methods.An extensive search was made for national health surveys from all 12 South American countries through health websites, national statistical offices, and contact with researchers and policy-makers. The following eligibility criteria were used to select surveys: conducted in a South American country; used a nationally representative sample ≥ 18 years; coordinated by the public, private or mixed private–public sector; and assessed physical activity and/or sedentary behavior. Data were extracted on general information about the surveys, specific details about the physical activity and sedentary behavior assessment, and additional questions related to activity behavior.Results.In total, 36 surveys were included, two of which were multicountry surveys; all surveys assessed physical activity and 27 assessed sedentary behavior. Most surveys (23/36; 64%) were based on previously validated international questionnaires, but 13 (57%) of these deviated from the reference tools, introducing changes and adaptations. Sedentary behavior was assessed mostly through questions on screen time and/or daily sitting time in the same physical activity questionnaires. No survey used device-based measures to generate data on these behaviors.Conclusions.Differences between instruments used and modifications limit the comparability of data across countries. This highlights the importance of standardizing assessment within South America for physical activity and sedentary behavior sections in national surveys, with the broader aim of contributing to establishing a standardized strategy for the surveillance of physical activity and sedentary behavior in South America.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Patterns Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Understanding patterns in the types of activities older adults engage in during physical activity and sedentary time could help shape intervention designs. Few studies have adequately described the physical activity and sedentary pursuits older adults undertake, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. To answer these questions, this symposium uses data from three recent studies: Adult Changes in Thought (ACT),an epidemiologic study with self-reported and device-based measures of physical activity and sedentary time including time spent in various domains of activity; Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Health in Older Women (OPACH), an epidemiologic study with device and self-report measures of sedentary behavior; and an ongoing clinical trial, the Healthy Aging Resources to Thrive (HART) study with device and self-reported data on sitting time and patterns as well as physical activity. The first session in this symposium will present a description of the rates of meeting the aerobic, strength, and balance recommendations among older adults in the ACT study. Next, we will have a presentation describing sedentary activities in older adults by age, sex and device-based sitting patterns in the ACT study. In the third presentation we will use OPACH data to examine patterns and context of sedentary in relation to aging-related outcomes. Finally, we will describe changes in physical activity and sedentary time in the HART trial in the cohort enrolled prior to the COVID-19 pandemic vs. those enrolled during the pandemic. Our Discussant will provide new insights on the roles of sedentary behavior and physical activity in aging and health.

Interventions for Reducing Sedentary Behavior in People With Stroke

Interventions for Reducing Sedentary Behavior in People With Stroke

Objective Measurements of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Using Wearable Devices in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

BackgroundAxial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a subgroup of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Practicing regular exercise is critical to manage pain and stiffness, reduce disease activity, and improve physical functioning, spinal mobility, and cardiorespiratory function. Accordingly, monitoring physical activity and sedentary behavior in patients with axSpA is relevant for clinical outcomes and disease management.ObjectiveThis review aims to determine which wearable devices, assessment methods, and associated metrics are commonly used to quantify physical activity or sedentary behavior in patients with axSpA.MethodsThe PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Cochrane electronic databases will be searched, with no limit on publication date, to identify all the studies matching the inclusion criteria. Only original English-language articles published in a peer-reviewed journal will be included. The search strategy will include a combination of keywords related to the study population, wearable devices, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. We will use the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR” to combine keywords as well as Medical Subject Headings terms.ResultsSearch strategy was completed in June 2020 with 23 records obtained. Data extraction and synthesis are currently ongoing. Dissemination of study results in peer-reviewed journals is expected at the end of 2021.ConclusionsThis review will provide a comprehensive and detailed synthesis of published studies that examine the use of wearable devices for objective assessment of physical activity and sedentary behavior in patients with axSpA.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42020182398; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=182398International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/23359

Patterns of Screen Time Parenting Practices among Parent-Adolescent Dyads Who Participated in a Cross-Sectional Internet-Based Study.

Background: Little is known about the simultaneous use of screen time (ST) parenting practices in children. Hence, study objectives were to determine patterns of ST parenting practices and associations with demographic, anthropometric, and sedentary behavior measures in parents and their adolescent children (12-17 years). Methods: Dyadic survey data from Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating, a cross-sectional, internet-based study, conducted in 2014 were analyzed using latent class analysis on six ST parenting practices-permissive, rules/limits, monitoring, modeling, accessibility, and negotiated rules. Self-report model covariates included adolescent age and parent and adolescent sex, body weight category, and sedentary behavior. Results: Based on 1200 parent-adolescent dyads, five latent classes were identified representing a continuum of practice use (high to low)-Complete Influencers (16%, reference class), Disagreeing Influencers (18%), Positive Influencers (24%), Negative Influencers (23%), and Indifferent Influencers (20%). Disagreeing, Indifferent, and Negative Influencers were 50%-81% and 45%-49% less likely to contain younger adolescent dyads and male adolescent dyads, respectively. Dyads with adolescent overweight/obesity had twice the odds of belonging to one of the other four classes. Odds of belonging to one of the other four classes were 3%-9% lower for every 1 minute/day increase in adolescent sedentary behavior. Conclusions: Parents utilize distinct patterns of ST practices, which are differentially associated with adolescent age, sex, weight, and sedentary behavior. Advocating for parental use of combinations of practices, like rules/limits and monitoring, to decrease their adolescents' ST may prove more beneficial than no practice use.

Measurement of Active and Sedentary Behavior in Context of Large Epidemiologic Studies-Corrigendum.

Matthews, Charles E.; Keadle, Sarah K.; Lyden, Kate; Troiano, Richard P. Author Information

Preliminary efficacy of the “SitLess with MS” intervention for changing sedentary behaviour, symptoms, and physical performance in multiple sclerosis

Purpose People with multiple sclerosis (MS) sit (i.e., are sedentary) more than peers. We examined the preliminary efficacy of an internet-based intervention that focuses on sitting less and moving more for changing sedentary behaviour outcomes, symptoms, QOL, and physical performance in adults with MS. Methods Persons with mild-to-moderate disability from MS took part in a 15-week pre–post trial. Outcomes including sedentary behaviour, representative symptoms (e.g., fatigue, pain), QOL and physical performance measures (e.g., walking speed) were measured at three time points: pre–post intervention and at follow-up. An unstructured linear mixed-effects model was used to determine change over time per outcome. Results Forty-one persons with MS participated (age 50 ± 10.3 years). There were significant reductions in total sedentary time (d = 0.34) and the number of long (≥30 min) bouts of sedentary time (d = 0.39) post-intervention. All symptoms and physical performance measures were significantly improved following the intervention, with effects sizes greatest for fatigue (d = 0.61) and depression (d = 0.79). Changes were maintained during the 7-week follow-up, except for all sedentary behaviour outcomes and sleep quality. Cognition did not change. Conclusions This study provides preliminary support for the efficacy of an intervention focused on sitting less and moving more for improving symptoms in adults with MS. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION This research provides preliminary evidence that an intervention aimed at reducing sedentary behaviour and increasing light intensity activity throughout the day can have an impact. Fatigue, depression and anxiety, symptoms frequently encountered by people with MS, showed the greatest improvement following the intervention. Weekly coaching sessions including discussions about results from activity monitoring provided motivation for participants. Trial Registration The “SitLess with MS” feasibility study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Trial Registration Number: NCT03136744. Date of registration was 2 May 2017. Find at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03136744

Relationship between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Anthropometric Measurements among Saudi Female Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Overweight and obesity are becoming increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia and are an emerging cause of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Lifestyle factors, such as insufficient levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviors, are responsible for the increased prevalence of NCDs. This study aimed to determine the association between physical activity levels, sedentary behaviors, and anthropometric measurements in Saudi female adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 399 healthy female adolescent students aged 13–14 years in Arar, Saudi Arabia. The participants were randomly selected from different schools and their anthropometric measurements were determined. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ) were used to assess their physical activity levels and sedentary behaviors, and an analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS software version 25. A multiple linear regression model was used to determine the association between the variables. The majority of the participants had a normal body mass index (BMI; 79.4%) and waist circumference (WC; 62.4%). A total of 74.4% had waist to height ratio (WHtR) < 0.5. About 92.7% of the participants were not meeting PA recommendations of 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily. The overall mean time spent on sedentary activities was high on both weekdays and weekend days at 357.64 ± 86.29 and 470.51 ± 147.64 min/day, respectively. Moreover, anthropometric measurement (BMI) was positively associated with age and negatively associated with sedentary behavior on weekends, while WHtR was positively associated with age. The multiple linear regression analysis also showed that age and sedentary behavior significantly predicted BMI among the study participants (F (2, 396) = 4.346, p < 0.014) and age was the only significant predictor of WHtR (F (1, 397) = 16.191, p ≤ 0.001). This study revealed that most of the female Saudi adolescents undertook low levels of activity and high levels of sedentary behaviors. Sedentary behaviors were significantly associated with their BMI. Accordingly, an intervention program on healthy lifestyles is important to improve Saudi female adolescents’ lifestyles.

Feasibility, preliminary efficacy, and acceptability of a twitter-based social support group vs Fitbit only to decrease sedentary behavior in women

BackgroundHealth behavior change interventions delivered by social media allow for real-time, dynamic interaction, peer social support, and experimenter-provided content. AimsWe tested the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a novel Twitter-based walking break intervention with daily behavior change strategies and prompts for social support, combined with a Fitbit, vs. Fitbit alone. MethodsIn a 2-group pilot, 45 sedentary women from a heart clinic were randomized to Twitter + Fitbit activity tracker (Tweet4Wellness, n = 23) or Fitbit-only (control, n = 22). All received a Fitbit and 13 weeks of tailored weekly step goals. Tweet4Wellness consisted of a private Twitter support group, with daily automated behavior change “tweets” informed by behavior change theory, and encouragement to communicate within the group. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment and enrollment numbers, implementation challenges, and number and type of help requests from participants throughout the study period. Preliminary efficacy outcomes provided by Fitbit data were sedentary minutes, number of hours with >250 steps, maximum sitting bout, weighted sedentary median bout length, total steps, intensity minutes (>3.0 METS), and ratio of time spent sitting-to-moving. Acceptability outcomes included level of Twitter participation within Tweet4Wellness, and Likert scale plus open-ended survey questions on enjoyment and perceived effectiveness of intervention components. Survey data on acceptability of the features of the intervention were collected at 13 weeks (end-of-treatment [EOT]) and 22 weeks (follow-up). ResultsThe study was feasible, with addressable implementation challenges. Tweet4Wellness participants changed significantly from baseline to EOT relative to control participants on number of active hours p = .018, total steps p = .028, and ratio of sitting-to-moving, p = .014. Only sitting-to-moving was significant at follow-up (p = .047). Among Tweet4Wellness participants, each tweet sent during treatment was associated with a 0.11 increase in active hours per day (p = .04) and a 292-step increase per day (p < .001). Tweet4Wellness participants averaged 54.8 (SD = 35.4) tweets, totaling 1304 tweets, and reported liking the accountability and peer support provided by the intervention. ConclusionA Twitter-delivered intervention for promoting physical activity among inactive women from a heart clinic was feasible, acceptable, and demonstrated preliminary efficacy in increasing daily active hours, daily total steps, and the ratio of sitting-to-moving from pre to post for the intervention compared with the control. Lessons learned from this pilot suggest that the next study should expand the recruitment pool, refine the intervention to increase group engagement, and select active hours, total steps, and ratio of sitting-to-movement as primary sedentary behavior measures.

Examining the feasibility, acceptability, validity and reliability of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep measures in people with schizophrenia

BackgroundSchizophrenia is associated with a more than doubled risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Risk factors for CVD include low levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep problems. These risk factors are not systematically assessed by health services. AimsExamine the feasibility, acceptability, validity and reliability of tools measuring physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. MethodsThirty participants with schizophrenia measured their physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep by wearing ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers on their wrist and waist, and recorded their sleep using the SleepBot smartphone app for 7 days. After 7 days they completed the 5-item Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ) to retrospectively measure their physical activity and sedentary behaviour over the study period. Concurrent SIMPAQ and SleepBot validity and inter-rater reliability were assessed against accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. A qualitative interview was conducted at the end of the study to assess acceptability. ResultsThe tools were feasible: 93% of participants provided valid wear-time accelerometry data and 83% provided SleepBot data. The SIMPAQ showed moderate concurrent validity but poor agreement for moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and moderate validity and agreement as a measure of sedentary behaviour. The SleepBot app showed poor concurrent validity and agreement for measures of sleep. The qualitative interviews demonstrated the tools were acceptable. ConclusionMonitoring physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep by accelerometry, smartphone and questionnaire was feasible and acceptable to people with schizophrenia. The SIMPAQ could be a valid and appropriate tool for routine clinical use.

Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in people with stroke.

Stroke survivors are often physically inactive as well as sedentary,and may sit for long periods of time each day. This increases cardiometabolic risk and has impacts on physical and other functions. Interventions to reduce or interrupt periods of sedentary time, as well as to increase physical activity after stroke, could reduce the risk of secondary cardiovascular events and mortality during life after stroke. To determine whether interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviour after stroke, or interventions with the potential to do so, can reduce the risk of death or secondary vascular events, modify cardiovascular risk, and reduce sedentary behaviour. In December 2019, we searched the Cochrane Stroke Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Conference Proceedings Citation Index, and PEDro. We also searched registers of ongoing trials, screened reference lists, and contacted experts in the field. Randomised trials comparing interventions to reduce sedentary time with usual care, no intervention, or waiting-list control, attention control, sham intervention or adjunct intervention. We also included interventions intended to fragment or interrupt periods of sedentary behaviour. Two review authors independently selected studies and performed 'Risk of bias' assessments. We analyzed data using random-effects meta-analyses and assessed the certainty of the evidence with the GRADE approach. We included 10 studies with 753 people with stroke. Five studies used physical activity interventions, four studies used a multicomponent lifestyle intervention, and one study used an intervention to reduce and interrupt sedentary behaviour. In all studies, the risk of bias was high or unclear in two or more domains. Nine studies had high risk of bias in at least one domain. The interventions did not increase or reduce deaths (risk difference (RD) 0.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.02 to 0.03; 10 studies, 753 participants; low-certainty evidence), the incidence of recurrent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events (RD -0.01, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.01;10 studies, 753 participants; low-certainty evidence), the incidence of falls (and injuries) (RD 0.00, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.02; 10 studies, 753 participants; low-certainty evidence), or incidence of other adverse events (moderate-certainty evidence). Interventions did not increase or reduce the amount of sedentary behaviour time (mean difference (MD) +0.13 hours/day, 95% CI -0.42 to 0.68; 7 studies, 300 participants; very low-certainty evidence). There were too few data to examine effects on patterns of sedentary behaviour. The effect of interventions on cardiometabolic risk factors allowed very limited meta-analysis. Sedentary behaviour research in stroke seems important, yet the evidence is currently incomplete, and we found no evidence for beneficial effects. Current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend reducing the amount of sedentary time in people with disabilities, in general. The evidence is currently not strong enough to guide practice on how best to reduce sedentariness specifically in people with stroke. More high-quality randomised trials are needed, particularly involving participants with mobility limitations. Trials should include longer-term interventions specifically targeted at reducing time spent sedentary, risk factor outcomes, objective measures of sedentary behaviour (and physical activity), and long-term follow-up.

Age-related change in sedentary behavior during childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sedentary behaviors are highly prevalent in youth and may be associated with markers of physical and mental health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the age-related change in sedentary behavior during childhood and adolescence. Ten electronic databases were searched. Inclusion criteria specified longitudinal observational studies or control group from an intervention; participants aged ≥5 and ≤18 years; a quantitative estimate of the duration of SB; and English language, peer-reviewed publication. Meta-analyses summarized weighted mean differences (WMD) in device-assessed sedentary time and questionnaire-assessed screen-behaviors over 1-, 2-, 3-, or more than 4-year follow-up. Effect modification was explored using meta-regression. Eighty-five studies met inclusion criteria. Device-assessed sedentary time increased by (WMD 95% confidence interval [CI]) 27.9 (23.2, 32.7), 61.0 (50.7, 71.4), 63.7 (53.3, 74.0), and 140.7 (105.1, 176.4)min/day over 1-, 2-, 3-, and more than 4-year follow-up. We observed no effect modification by gender, baseline age, study location, attrition, or quality. Questionnaire-assessed time spent playing video games, computer use, and a composite measure of sedentary behavior increased over follow-up duration. Evidence is consistent in showing an age-related increase in various forms of sedentary behavior; evidence pertaining to variability across socio-demographic subgroups and contemporary sedentary behaviors are avenues for future research.

A Comparison of Associations Between Self-Reported and Device-Based Sedentary Behavior and Obesity Markers in Adults: A Multi-National Cross-Sectional Study.

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between self-reported and device-based measures of sedentary behavior (SB) with obesity markers in adults from Latin American countries. Sitting time and total time spent in different SBs were self-reported using two different questionnaires. Accelerometers were used to assess total sedentary time. Body mass index, waist, and neck circumferences were assessed. The highest self-reported sitting time was in Argentina, the highest total time spent in different SBs was in Brazil and Costa Rica, and the highest device-based sedentary time was observed in Peru. Neither self-reported sitting time, total time spent in different SBs or device-based sedentary time were associated with body mass index. Device-based sedentary time was positively associated with waist circumference and self-reported sitting time was positively associated with neck circumference. Caution is warranted when comparing the associations of self-reported and device-based assessments of SB with anthropometric variables.

Sedentary behaviour research in adults: A scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

ABSTRACT Sedentary behaviour research is rapidly growing. Scoping reviews are important to inform policy and practice.The aim of this scoping a review was to map the available evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of sedentary behaviour research on adults (≥18 years), within the phases of the behavioural epidemiology framework, and to identify bibliometric parameters of studies included in this review. Nine bibliographic databases were searched. Studies were screened and relevant information (e.g., general information, inclusion criteria, findings and reporting quality) was extracted independently by two authors. In total, 108 systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses of sedentary behaviour research in adults (≥18 years) were included. Most papers (91.7%) were published between 2010 and 2020. Studies on the relationship of sedentary behaviour with health (53.7%) and interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour (25.9%) were most common. Forty-five (41.7%) studies reported quality assessment with categorization, and 887 out of 1268 (70%) included primary studies were categorized having moderate-to-high quality. Sedentary behaviour research on adults (≥18 years) has grown exponentially in the last decade and demonstrates strength in several stages of the behavioural epidemiology framework. However, more research should focus on the measurement, prevalence/epidemiology and determinants of sedentary behaviour, to better inform policy development.

297 The Relationship Between Sleep and Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior in Adults with Desk Jobs

Abstract Introduction Both poor sleep and sedentary behavior lead to negative health outcomes. While some previous studies have observed an association between poor sleep and greater sedentary behavior, few studies have assessed this relationship using an objective measure of sedentary behavior. We examined the association of both self-reported and objectively-measured sleep with objectively-measured sedentary behavior. Methods In a secondary analysis of baseline data from an ongoing clinical trial, the present analysis included 157 physically inactive adults with elevated blood pressure (120–159 mmHg systolic or 90–99 diastolic) and desk jobs (82.8% white, 65.6% female, age 45.5±12.0). To assess sedentary behavior, participants wore an accelerometer/inclinometer (activPAL3 micro) on the upper thigh continuously for 7 days. Variables included total sedentary time, prolonged sedentary time (≥30 minute bouts), and sit-to-stand transitions; these were averaged across all waking hours as well as the workday. To assess sleep, participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a subsample (n=57) wore an Actiwatch Spectrum for 7 nights. Variables examined included the PSQI global score, actigraphy-based total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). Linear regression examined associations between sleep and sedentary behavior, with adjustments for age, gender, race, body mass index, and activPAL3 wear time. Results Participants had (mean±standard deviation) 11.1±1.5 hours sedentary time per day, with 6.3±2.0 occurring in ≥30 minute bouts, and 51.3±13.4 sit-to-stand transitions. During the workday, participants had 6.6±1.3 hours sedentary time with 3.8±1.7 occurring in ≥30 minute bouts and 27.2±11.2 sit-to-stand transitions. PSQI global score was 4.9±2.9; 32.5% were classified as poor sleepers. Actigraphic TST was 6.7±0.8 hours, with SE of 85.4±6.3%.Greater SE was associated with less sit-to-stand transitions during the workday (β=-0.36, p=0.01) and during the full day (β=-0.37, p=0.01). Subjective sleep quality and actigraphic TST were not associated with sedentary behavior. Conclusion We did not find a cross-sectional association between sedentary behavior and sleep in insufficiently active adults, potentially due to restricted range of sedentary behavior and physical activity in the sample. The association between greater sleep efficiency with fewer sit-to-stand transitions is counterintuitive and warrants further exploration. Support (if any) This study was funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01HL134809 and R01HL147610.

Hemodynamic and structural brain measures in high and low sedentary older adults

Due to its cardiovascular effects sedentary behaviour might impact cerebrovascular function in the long term, affecting cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms and perfusion levels. Consequently this could underly potential structural brain abnormalities associated with cognitive decline. We therefore assessed the association between sedentary behaviour and brain measures of cerebrovascular perfusion and structural abnormalities in community-dwelling older adults. Using accelerometery (GENEActiv) data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) we categorised individuals by low- and high-sedentary behaviour (≤8 vs >8 hours/day). We examined prefrontal haemoglobin oxygenation levels using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy during rest and after an orthostatic challenge in 718 individuals (66 ± 8 years, 52% female). Global grey matter cerebral blood flow, total grey and white matter volume, total and subfield hippocampal volumes, cortical thickness, and white matter hyperintensities were measured using arterial spin labelling, T1, and FLAIR MRI in 86 individuals (72 ± 6 years, 55% female). While no differences in prefrontal or global cerebral hemodynamics were found between groups, high-sedentary individuals showed lower hippocampal volumes and increased white matter hyperintensities compared to their low-sedentary counterparts. Since these structural cerebral abnormalities are associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease, future work exploring the causal pathways underlying these differences is needed.

Agreement Between Different Days of activPAL and Actigraph GT3X Measurement of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity During the School Hours in Elementary Children

Introduction: The authors’ objective was to identify the minimum number of days required to measure sedentary behavior and physical activity in children during school hours. Methods: Fifty-three children from four classes of the second year of elementary school in a public school in Brazil were selected. Sedentary behavior and physical activity were evaluated using activPAL in the thigh and ActiGraph GT3X on the hip. The devices were used for 4 days during the 4 hr of school. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots were used for statistical analysis (p &lt; .05). Results: For sedentary/stationary behavior indicators, 1 day showed good agreement with 4 days (sitting time, ICC = .89; bias [limits of agreement 95%, LA95%] = 1.6 [45.1 to −41.9], standing time, ICC = .93; bias [LA95%] 1.1 [30.2 to −28.0], and stationary behavior, ICC = .56; bias [LA95%] = 0.2 [37.2 to −36.7]). However, 2 days were necessary for good agreement, with 4 days for physical activity indicators (walking time, ICC = .91; bias [LA95%] = 1.1 [12.0 to −9.7], light physical activity, ICC = .97; bias [LA95%] = 0.3 [7.6 to −7.0], moderate physical activity, ICC = .93; bias [LA95%] = 0.3 [2.3 to −1.6], and vigorous physical activity, ICC = .93; bias [LA95%] = 0.3 [3.1 to −2.5]). Conclusion: Therefore, 1 evaluation day seems enough to obtain representative data of school sedentary/stationary behavior, while 2 days are necessary for the evaluation of physical activity indicators during school hours.

Do Intervention Studies to Promote Physical Activity and Reduce Sedentary Behavior in Children and Adolescents Take Sex/Gender Into Account? A Systematic Review.

Physical inactivity is often reported in youth and differs among boys and girls. The aim of this study is to assess sex/gender considerations in intervention studies promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in youth using a sex/gender checklist. A systematic search was conducted in August 2018 to identify all relevant controlled trials. Studies screened must have reported a quantified measure of physical activity and/or sedentary behavior, and identified participants by sex/gender at baseline. For evaluation of the sex/gender consideration, the authors used a sex/gender checklist developed by expert consensus. The authors reviewed sex/gender considerations in all aspects of intervention development, implementation, and evaluation in 217 studies. Sex/gender aspects were only rudimentarily taken into account, most frequently during statistical analyses, such as stratification or interaction analysis. Sex/gender effects are not sufficiently reported. To develop guidelines that are more inclusive of all girls and boys, future interventions need to document sex/gender differences and similarities, and explore whether sex/gender influences different phases of intervention programs. The newly developed sex/gender checklist can hereby be used as a tool and guidance to adequately consider sex/gender in the several steps of intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation.