Measure Of Environmental Degradation Research Articles

Capturing The Dynamics of Environmental Degradation and Economic Growth in Selected Developing Countries: Using Simultaneous Equation Approach

The current study aims to investigate the dynamic nexus between environmental degradation and economic growth in selected developing countries. To analyze the impact of control of corruption as a measure of governance, FDI, renewable energy and urbanization on economic growth and carbon emissions, the simultaneous equation modeling is applied. A panel of 18 selected developing countries for the time period 1995-2022 is taken for empirical verification of the relationship. This study employs descriptive analysis and for diagnostic checking the normality of residual is also tested for the possibility of any model misspecification. Correlation matrix is used to check the degree of multicollinearity among the independent variables. The nature of study indicate the use of simultaneous equation model where economic growth and carbon emission, as a measure of environmental degradation are indigenous variables. The statistical package EVIEWS is used in estimation and obtaining results. In the long run estimation model of CE, URBAN and PG are positively correlated with CE, and GDP, REEC, COC are inversely related to CE in selected developing countries. In model of GDP, CE, FDI and COC are positively correlating with GDP and REEC and PG are negatively affecting the GDP.

Testing the EKC hypothesis using ecological footprint by considering biocapacity and human capital in Türkiye: A dynamic analysis

The study aims to investigate the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, which asserts the inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution. The study uses ecological footprint (EF) as a measure of environmental degradation over the 1970-2017 period in T?rkiye. Unlike the current literature for T?rkiye, this study involves biocapacity and human capital in the growth-environment nexus and utilizes dynamic analysis. In this context, the Bound test, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, and Kalman filter approach are applied. The result of the Bound test confirms the cointegration relationship between the variables. The findings of the ARDL model indicate that the EKC hypothesis prevails, and biocapacity affects EF positively, whereas human capital mitigates environmental degradation by decreasing EF. The results of the dynamic analysis using the Kalman filter technique also validate the EKC hypothesis and show that the dynamic effect of economic growth on EF is significantly positive and stable for the analyzed period.

Remittances-ecological footprint nexus in Africa: Do ICTs matter?

The growth of migrant remittances poses a real challenge in developing countries both in terms of development and the quality of the environment. This paper examines the effect of migrant remittances on the ecological footprint in Africa with taking account the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Unlike previous work that has considered carbon dioxide emissions as a measure of environmental degradation, this study takes into account the ecological footprint as a fair measure of environmental quality. Our sample consists of 30 African countries from 2000 to 2021. We use two methodologies, respectively Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) with instrumental variable and quantile for robustness. The results show that remittances contribute to environmental degradation by increasing the ecological footprint. Moreover, taking into account the modified environmental Kuznets curve effect, our results show that more migrants' remittances increase, more they contribute to improving the environment by improving the ecological footprint. Our results remain robust using quantile regression. Moreover, ICTs reduce the adverse effect of remittances on environmental degradation. In addition, the results reveal that urbanization and human capital improve environmental quality but energy consumption damage it in Africa. Besides, reducing remittances costs and considering incentives to increase remittances inflows to the country remains a suitable target under sustainable development. Finally, there is evidence to implement effective financial system to soften investment credits granting intended for clean technology. Households and individuals should minimize their use of remittances to finance carbon-intensive items like automobiles and others. Moreover, is been necessary to improve ICT penetration and his efficiency in the African countries’ context.

The ecological footprint of industrial value added and energy consumption in Indonesia

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of the industrial sector, renewable energy consumption and nonrenewable energy consumption in Indonesia on the ecological footprint from 1990 to 2020 in the short and long term. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses vector error correction model (VECM) analysis to examine the relationship in the short and long term. In addition, the impulse response function is used to enable future forecasts up to 2060 of the ecological footprint as a measure of environmental degradation caused by changes or shocks in industrial value-added, renewable energy consumption and nonrenewable energy consumption. Furthermore, forecast error decomposition of variance (FEVD) analysis is carried out to predict the percentage contribution of each variable’s variance to changes in a specific variable. Granger causality testing is used to enhance the analysis outcomes within the framework of VECM. Findings Using VECM analysis, the speed of adjustment for environmental damage is quite high in the short term, at 246%. This finding suggests that when there is a short-term imbalance in industrial value-added, renewable energy consumption and nonrenewable energy consumption, the ecological footprint experiences a very rapid adjustment, at 246%, to move towards long-term balance. Then, in the long term, the ecological footprint in Indonesia is most influenced by nonrenewable energy consumption. This is also confirmed by the Granger causality test and the results of FEVD, which show that the contribution of nonrenewable energy consumption will be 10.207% in 2060 and will be the main contributor to the ecological footprint in the coming years to achieve net-zero emissions in 2060. In the long run, renewable energy consumption has a negative effect on the ecological footprint, whereas industrial value-added and nonrenewable energy consumption have a positive effect. Originality/value For the first time, value added from the industrial sector is being used alongside renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption to measure Indonesia’s ecological footprint. The primary cause of Indonesia’s alarming environmental degradation is the industrial sector, which acts as the driving force behind this issue. Consequently, this contribution is expected to inform the policy implications required to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2060, aligned with the G20 countries’ Bali agreement of 2022.

Exploring industrialization and environmental sustainability dynamics in Ghana: a fully modified least squares approach

PurposeThis paper seeks to provide empirical insight into how industrialization and technology affect environmental quality in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachUsing Ecological Footprint (ECF) as a measure of environmental degradation, the authors employ annual data from World Development Indicators of the World Bank and the Global Footprint Network spanning from 1970 to 2017 and apply the fully modified least squares (FMOLS) technique.FindingsThe results reveal that industrialization has a negative significant influence on ECF, suggesting that industrialization contributes to environmental sustainability in Ghana. The authors find that technology is harmful to the environment as it has a positive significant effect on ECF. The study also documents that while education and financial development improve environmental sustainability, fossil fuel consumption exacerbates environmental degradation in Ghana.Originality/valueThe environmental impact of industrialization is still being debated, with very scanty empirical evidence in the African context. Based on a detailed review of the literature, this paper provides an initial attempt to investigate the industrialization–environmental sustainability nexus in Ghana. Besides, whereas most extant studies have employed CO2 emission as a proxy of environmental degradation, the authors use ECF to gauge the level of environmental degradation which is regarded as a more inclusive metric.

Asymmetric Effect of Remittances on Environmental Degradation in Nigeria

Nigeria has become one of the sub-Saharan Africa’s largest remittance recipients. Despite the economic benefits of remittances, there is rising concern about their impact on environmental degradation. The NARDL approach was used to analyze time-series data from 1980 to 2018, to determine the impact of remittances increases and decreases on environmental degradation in Nigeria. The cointegration results show that remittances and environmental degradation have a long-run relationship. The study found that remittances is asymmetrically connected to ecological footprint (EFP) as a measure of environmental degradation both in the long run and short run whereas it is asymmetrically connected with CO2as a measure of environmental degradation in the long run only. The study also found that remittances increase contributes to environmental degradation in Nigeria in the long run.

Does agricultural ecology cause environmental degradation? Empirical evidence from Bangladesh

Agricultural sector accelerates a nation’s economic growth towards sustainable development. There exists a significant relationship between agriculture and the environment. Sustainable agricultural development ensures food quality and in tandem prevents natural calamities like drought. However, in order to fulfill the food demand of a growing population, poor law quality and untenable agriculture practices arise, which in turn lead to environmental degradation. The current study explores the relationship between the agro-economic atmosphere and CO2 emissions as a measure of environmental degradation in Bangladesh between the years of 1985 and 2017. To exhibit the long-run relationship of agricultural ecology and carbon dioxide emissions, three cointegrated equations- Fully-modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and Canonical cointegrated regression (CCR) were assessed. For cointegration, Bayer-Hanck cointegration was implied. In long-run estimates, it was found that livestock, rice area harvested, cereal production, and other crop production impeded environmental dilapidation. The Granger Causality Test enabled unidirectional causality towards burned biomass (crop residues), the agricultural economy, and carbon emissions. Therefore, this dimension’s causality concluded that carbon dioxide emissions were caused by cereal production, other agricultural production, and agricultural land production. The overall findings of this study could potentially assist the Government of Bangladesh and the necessary authorities for implementing synchronized policies to help reduce environmental pollution and set an example for other developing nations like Bangladesh.

Green finance and sustainable development in Europe

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of whether financial development impacts environmental degradation, over time. It highlights how financial development, institutional frameworks, and foreign investment dictate the extent of green development. The sample includes 40 countries in Europe and data is collected on a large set of variables, for the years from 1990 to 2019. Financial development is measured through domestic credit to the private sector, bank credit to the private sector and foreign direct investment (FDI). Environmental degradation is measured through energy use, CO2 emissions, greenhouse emissions and natural resource depletion. The model controls for income levels, institutional quality, technology, education, population, and urbanization. Regression analysis is conducted to analyze the data. The results suggest that financial development has a negative relationship with four different measures of environmental degradation, while FDI and institutional quality appear to worsen the environmental measures. Recommendations for policy makers include development of green finance policies and strong institutions, to lower environmental degradation in the long run.

"Cities in the forest" and "cities of the forest": an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) spatial approach to analyzing the urbanization-deforestation relationship in a Brazilian Amazon state

Contemporary urbanization has been reorganizing the territories and the socioeconomic relations in the Brazilian Amazon as a whole. We seek to identify a general typology of relationships between urbanization and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, in the light of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) theory. We have applied this approach to the 144 municipalities of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon, in the inter-census interval from 2000 to 2010. The EKC approach included the spatial analysis method of geographically weighted regressions (GWR). Deforestation, measured by the PRODES program by Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), was used as a measure of environmental degradation and the urbanization has been restricted to a socioeconomic characterizing, based on a set of 22 variables from the national census database, aggregated at the municipalities level. The results showed two main typologies: (1) the decreasing monotonic and (2)

The impact of energy consumption on environmental quality: empirical evidence from the MINT countries.

Rapid increases in energy consumption and economic growth over the past three decades are considered the driving force behind rising environmental degradation, which remain a threat to people and healthy environment. This study investigates the impact of energy consumption on environmental quality in the MINT countries using a panel PMG/ARDL modelling technique, and the Granger causality test spanning from 1971 to 2017. The empirical results confirm the existence of long-run nexus among the variables employed. The results also reveal that economic growth, energy consumption and bio-capacity have a positive and statistically significant effect on environmental degradation during the long run period. We find that a 1% increase in primary energy consumption leads to 0.4172% increase in environmental deterioration in the long-run period, but it is insignificant in the short run. This implies that energy consumption deteriorates environmental quality through a negative effect of ecological footprint. The result also suggests that as MINT countries increase the use of energy to accelerate pace of economic growth, environmental quality would deteriorate through increased ecological footprints. The coefficient of the error correction term (ect) is negative and significant (- 0.2306), suggesting that ecological footprint, a measure of environmental degradation would converge to its long-run equilibrium in the MINT region by 23.06% speed of adjustment every year due to contribution of economic growth, energy consumption, urbanization and biocapacity. The Granger non-causality test results reveal a unidirectional causal relationship from economic growth, energy consumption, and urbanization to ecological footprint and from economic growth to biocapacity. The results further show bi-directional causality between biocapacity and ecological footprint as well as between biocapacity and economic growth. Moreover, urbanization causes economic growth and biocapacity Granger-causes urbanization. Based on these findings, policy implications are adequately discussed.

The moderating effect of foreign direct investment on environmental degradation-poverty reduction nexus: evidence from sub-Saharan African countries

This study examined the role played by foreign direct investment in environmental degradation-poverty reduction nexus using panel data from 39 sub-Saharan Africa countries. The study covered the period 1986–2018, while dynamic GMM was employed for the estimations. When poverty reduction was measured by household final consumption expenditure, it was found that the interaction between foreign direct investment and environmental degradation measures failed to contribute to poverty reduction. However, when poverty reduction was measured by the human development index, it was found that the interaction of foreign direct investment and environmental degradation enhanced poverty reduction. When poverty reduction was measured by life expectancy, the interaction term of FDI and carbon dioxide ( $$CO_{2} )$$ was harmful to poverty reduction, while the interaction terms of FDI with other measures of environmental degradation had no effect on poverty reduction. The implications of the study were discussed.

The Ecological Footprint and Kuznets Environmental Curve in the USMCA Countries: A Method of Moments Quantile Regression Analysis

This article examines the environmental Kuznets curve for the member countries of the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), using the ecological footprint as a measure of environmental degradation during 1980–2016. Panel data econometric methods are applied in this research, such as the cross-section dependence, unit root, cointegration and causality tests, and the new method of moments quantile regression (MMQR). The results suggest that the variables are characterized by a cross-section dependence, integrated of order one, and cointegrated. The fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method shows that renewable energy reduces environmental degradation, and the environmental Kuznets curve is validated. In contrast, patents and trade openness do not show a statistically significant relationship. These results are confirmed with the MMQR, where renewable energy reduces environmental degradation in quantiles from 4 to 6, while the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is valid in quantiles from 3 to 9, and patents and trade openness do not show a statistically significant relationship in any quantile. Therefore, it is essential to promote renewable energies, cleaner technologies, and environmental regulations to reduce polluting emissions.

Poverty and vulnerability of environmental degradation in Sub-Saharan African countries: what causes what?

Both poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability are two important factors to achieve sustainable development targets. Previous studies have considered the causal relationship between poverty and carbon emission, however, the nexus between poverty and ecological footprint needs to be investigated. Considering this situation, the study aims to explore the causal linkage between poverty and environmental degradation by employing data from 2010 to 2016 for the 46 Sub-Saharan African countries. The ecological footprint is used as a measure of environmental degradation in the current study. The empirical results obtained from the panel data regression estimator recommend that there exists a causal relationship between poverty and ecological footprint. Moreover, economic growth and easy availability of electricity reduce poverty, but both have a detrimental effect on the ecological footprint. Finally, important policy implications are proposed based on empirical results.

Environmental Concern in China: A Multilevel Analysis

Existing cross-national studies have identified that country-level economic and environmental factors can affect environmental concern at the individual-level. However, we know little in regard to how these contextual factors and their interaction with individual-level factors shape environmental concern within countries. Using China as an example, we examine three hypotheses: the affluence hypothesis, the degradation hypothesis, and the need contingency hypothesis. We measure environmental concern in three dimensions using twelve indicators. The latent mean comparison and multilevel structural equation modeling results show that provincial economic development and environmental degradation as well as their interactions with individual social-economic status have significant impacts on one’s environmental concern. Such impacts vary by the dimension of environmental concern. People from provinces with better economic conditions generally have higher environmental concern, especially for the perceived dangerousness of pollution and environmental behavior dimensions. The degradation hypothesis receives mixed support that depends on the measure of environmental degradation. Theoretical and methodological contributions as well as policy implications are discussed.

Estimation of the environmental Kuznets Curve for the State of Mato Grosso do Sul

A Curva de Kuznets Ambiental (CKA) considera que algumas medidas de degradação ambiental aumentariam nos primeiros momentos do crescimento econômico e, ao alcançar certo nível de renda, a degradação diminuiria. Em vista dos impactos ambientais que o estado de Mato Grosso do Sul vem sofrendo, este trabalho teve como objetivo indagar a hipótese da curva de Kuznets Ambiental para os municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul, buscando identificar a relação entre desmatamento e o crescimento econômico. Para isto, foram usados dados referentes ao ano de 2008, empregando uma metodologia econométrica espacial, com índices de autocorrelação espacial. Os resultados indicaram que não há evidências de que a Curva de Kuznets Ambiental se apresentara na forma de “U” invertido para o estado, explicada pelo fato de a curva se apresenta em seu estágio inicial, uma vez que a economia do estado de MS ainda é extremamente dependente do setor agrícola e tendo características de uma economia ainda em desenvolvimento, ainda no estágio inicial da Curva de Kuznets Ambiental.

SAÚDE, SANEAMENTO BÁSICO E CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO: UMA ANÁLISE PARA AS UNIDADES FEDERATIVAS BRASILEIRAS

O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar se indicadores de déficit de acesso a serviços de saneamento básico e de morbidade (total e infantil) associada à ausência de saneamento, considerados como medidas indiretas de degradação ambiental (fontes e consequênci

Economic Development and Climate Change: An Empirical Study for Developing Nations

Climate change does not yet feature conspicuously within the environmental or economic policy agenda of developing countries. Yet evidence shows that some of the most unfavourable effects of climate change will be in developing countries, where populations are most susceptible and least likely to easily adapt to climate change. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis postulates the existence of an “inverted-U” shape relationship between per capita GDP and measures of environmental degradation. Various studies have addressed the direct relationship between environmental degradation and expanding economic activity so far. However, there is a need to establish the sustainable growth pairing with climate impact. This study examines the impact of economic development factors (Output, Energy usage, Direct Foreign Investment) on carbon emissions across BRIC economies and other developing nations, graphically using EKC hypotheses and empirically using GMM. Panel data over period 1991 to 2011 is used. The results validate that economic growth factors are elements of environmental quality in BRIC and developing economies. The paper indicates the relevance of making climate change policies a mainstream goal for global governance through increased carbon spacing.

Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Critical Review

The relationship between economic growth and environmental quality has been under much dispute. Over the years, several studies have identified inverted-U shaped relationships between per capita income and some measure of environmental degradation. This has led to the emergence of a burgeoning literature on what has come to be known about as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). According to the EKC hypothesis, environmental damage increases in the early stages of economic growth, but diminishes once nations reach higher levels of income. This literature is important as it acknowledges the possibility of trade and growth being good for the environment. Against this backdrop, we have attempted to give an overview of some of the studies published on EKC and subsequently critically appraised the same. The EKC has been criticised for its simplified assumptions and the literature appears to be largely econometrically weak. It has been shown to apply to select environmental indicators for certain countries; hence its validity as a universal phenomenon remains questionable. Owing to global implications of environmental degradation, more efforts are required to examine the validity of EKC as a global phenomenon by relating a composite index of environmental degradation to a better measure of economic development across nations.

Déficit de acesso a serviços de saneamento ambiental: evidências de uma Curva Ambiental de Kuznets para o caso dos municípios brasileiros?

O presente estudo avaliou a existência de uma Curva Ambiental de Kuznets (CAK) para o caso dos déficits municipais de acesso a serviços de saneamento ambiental, que podem ser considerados como medidas indiretas de degradação ambiental. Os resultados obtidos sinalizam, de uma maneira geral, a existência de uma relação entre os déficits de acesso e o desenvolvimento econômico no formato de um "N" e não no tradicional formato de um "U invertido" da CAK. Portanto, para o caso específico dos serviços de saneamento ambiental nos municípios brasileiros, a hipótese de que o desenvolvimento econômico seria a melhor solução para a preservação ambiental não é verdadeira, uma vez que, ao longo do tempo, o desenvolvimento econômico voltaria a gerar degradação ambiental.

Impact of socio-economic factors on deforestation rate: cross country analysis

Global warming has paved the way to bringing countries of the world together to find a suitable solution for environment related problems. With rapid industrialisation, the countries of the world are facing problems of environmental degradation. One of them is the deforestation rate (DR). It is a matter of concern for all the countries of the world to protect their environment and become economically strong and grow. This paper is relevant as it considers the trade-off between DR (measure of environmental degradation) and various social and economic factors (measure of economic development) among countries. The findings show that the DR is not uniform amongst developed countries (DCs) and less developed countries (LDCs). Further it provides that per capita consumption of electricity (PCCE), per capita consumption of electricity square (PCCE2), average fresh water withdrawal, percentage of forest area and population growth are the factors affecting forest degradation across nations. The relationship betwee...