Measures Of Anger Research Articles

Mindfulness, Self-Compassion and Attachment: a Network Analysis of Psychopathology Symptoms in Adolescents

Mindfulness, positive self-related attitudes and secure attachment have been shown to protect against psychopathology during adolescence, but it is unknown how these factors are related to each other and which are most strongly linked to psychopathology symptoms. A cross-sectional research design was used with a large sample of adolescents (aged 14 to 18 years; n = 1660) that completed validated measures of mindfulness, self-related attitudes, attachment, depression, anxiety and anger. We employed network analytic methods in order to better understand associations among these variables. Mindfulness was linked to lower levels of depression and anxiety while self-reassurance was linked to lower levels of anxiety and higher levels of anger. Self-hate was linked to depression. In turn, self-reassurance and self-hate were differentially linked to facets of attachment, particularly trust in parents. Interventions combining mindfulness practice and clinical techniques based on attachment theory, which operate on different psychological levels, may improve self-related attitudes, which in turn can help ameliorate depression and anxiety in adolescents. Alternatively, interventions directly targeting self-related attitudes, particularly self-reassurance and self-inadequacy, hold promise to achieve positive effects on mental health among adolescents.

Online Intervention Reduces Hostile Attribution Bias, Anger, Aggressive Driving, and Cyber-Aggression, Results of Two Randomized Trials

Anger and aggression often result from attributing hostile intent to the ambiguous actions of other people. Two online double-blind parallel randomized pilot studies with healthy adult volunteers tested a novel online cognitive intervention called Hostile Bias Modification Training (HBMT). We hypothesized HBMT would reduce hostile attribution bias, anger, and aggression. In study one, 180 volunteers were randomized to one of three versions of HBMT (active, alternative, and placebo). In study two, 217 volunteers were randomized to either active or placebo HBMT and returned 24–96 h later to complete measures of hostile attribution bias, anger, and aggression. In study one, volunteers who completed active HBMT (vs. placebo) subsequently interpreted hypothetical vignettes as significantly less hostile (d = 0.64, p = .006) and reported significantly less imagined anger (d = 0.51, p = .006) and aggression (d = 0.73, p < .001). In study two, active HBMT (vs. placebo) was associated with reduced hostile attribution bias ( $${\upeta }_{p}^{2}$$ = .089, p < .001), less aggressive driving ( $${\upeta }_{p}^{2}$$ = .039, p = .027), and lower likelihood of cyber-aggression (OR 0.56, p = .004) 24–96 h after intervention. These results suggest HBMT may be an easily implemented intervention to improve anger-related outcomes. No harms to volunteers were observed. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04015440 on July 11 2019.

The Efficiency of a Behavioral Cognitive Group Counseling Program in Reducing Anger Level and Developing Self Concept Among a Sample of Refugee Female Syrian Students in Jordan

The study aimed at examining the developing efficiency of behavioral cognitive group counseling program in reducing anger and developing self concept. The sample of the study which consisted of 40 refugee female Syrian students in Jordan was assigned into two groups; experimental (n=20) and control (n=20). The program consists of a set of sessions. Two measures were used; Anger Measure and the Psychological one. Results showed statistical significance of the program. The study came up with some recommendations.

A-138 Lifetime Repetitive Blast Overpressure Exposure Has Negative Impact on Quality of Life after Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to i) address the impact repetitive blast exposure (RBE) has on recovery from TBI in service members and veterans (SMVs), ii) determine if the relative amount of blast exposure in a career changes this effect, iii) determine if any effects of blast exposure are different than known pre-existing neurotrauma such as pre-injury TBI history (piTBIHx) defined as previous TBI that occurred before the index injury for the study. Methods 341 SMVs with an uncomplicated mild, complicated mild, moderate, or severe TBI. piTBIHx was based on a structured interview and RBE was based on self-report. Participants were divided into six cohorts based on RBE and piTBIHx and given the TBI-Quality of Life (TBI-QOL). Four multivariate analysis of variance were completed for each domain separately (Emotional, Physical, Cognition, and Positive) to correct for multiple comparisons. Results Results indicate that HeavyRBE, in the absence of piTBIHx, was associated with worse QOL on measures of Anger (p = 0.032), Anxiety (p = 0.008), Explosive Behavior (p = 0.038), Headache (p = 0.030), Pain (p = 0.016), Cognitive Complaints-Executive Functioning (p = 0.009), and Cognitive Complaints-General (p = 0.013). ModerateRBE in the absence of piTBIHx was associated with more Cognitive Complaints-Executive Function (p = 0.005). ModerateRBE did not differ from the Heavy RBE group regardless of piTBIHx. Conclusion QOL after a TBI may be negatively impacted by a history of RBE. A lifetime of HeavyRBE was associated with worse QOL on numerous measures, however, Moderate RBE was only associated with worse cognitive complaints related to executive functioning.

Using an Online Platform to Administer the Single-Session Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm: An Initial Examination of Feasibility and Validity.

Online platforms represent a cost-effective option for data collection; however, it is unclear whether online administration of certain kinds of tasks (e.g., behavioral measures of aggression) poses validity threats. The present study provided a preliminary examination of effort (as indexed by total number of presses), differential drop-out, and believability of an online version of the single-session point subtraction aggression paradigm (PSAP). Two subsamples of participants were recruited; a sample recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (n = 758) and an in-person undergraduate sample (n = 88). All participants completed the PSAP, along with measures of trait hostility and state anger. The online sample did not differ from the in-person sample on effort (i.e., total number of presses), and did not find the task less believable. Higher scores on state anger were associated with lower likelihood of beginning the online PSAP, but were not associated with prematurely closing the task. State anger was related to aggressive responding on the PSAP. Limitations of the online PSAP and considerations for future research are discussed.

Evaluación psicométrica de la versión en español del Dimensions of Anger Reactions-5 (DAR-5) en universitarios

Introduction and objectivesAnger is related to mental and physical health, so its evaluation is important for many health sciences where anger management interventions have been implemented. In this sense, the objective of the study was to translate into Spanish, evaluate the factor structure, reliability and factor invariance regarding the gender of the Dimensions of Anger Reactions (DAR-5), as well as examine the convergent and discriminant validity of DAR-5 based on its correlations with another measure of anger propensity, well-being, mindfulness, and anxiety in college students. Material and methodA confirmatory factor analysis was performed to explore the internal structure of the scale and a multigroup factor analysis to test the invariance through gender in a sample of 420 university students (Mage = 21.14, DT = 3.01) who answered the following scales: DAR-5, Garcia's Anger Propensity Scale (APS-G), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2). ResultsThe results indicated that the DAR-5 is an essentially one-dimensional instrument and that it provides precise scores (ω = .86 for the total sample, ω = .87 for the subsample of women and ω = .86 for the subsample of men). The configurational, metric and scalar invariance of the DAR-5 was verified, which leads to the assumption that it measures the same construct in men and women. Likewise, elevated levels of anger were associated with increased generalized anxiety and decreased life satisfaction and mindfulness. ConclusionsThe DAR-5 is a reliable, valid and invariant measure of anger among university students and can be recommended as an indicator of psychological adjustment in this population.

Trait Anger Moderates the Relation Between Facial Affect Recognition Ability and Perpetration of Male-to-Female Physical and Psychological Intimate Partner Aggression

Researchers have sought to identify deficits in affect recognition as a precipitating factor in intimate partner aggression (IPA) perpetration, but results from these studies have produced mixed findings. This may be due to the unlikelihood that deficits in affect recognition abilities would prompt perpetration of IPA without affective predispositions toward aggression, such as trait anger. The current study sought to examine the relation between negative affect recognition ability and men’s past perpetration of physical and psychological IPA across levels of trait anger. Heterosexual couples (N = 83) completed self-report measures regarding the frequency of male-to-female IPA perpetration within their relationship. Additionally, males completed measures of trait anger and were administered a facial affect recognition test. Decreased ability in decoding negative facial affect was associated with increased perpetration of physical and psychological IPA, but only for men high in trait anger. There was no relation between negative facial affect recognition ability and IPA perpetration at low levels of trait anger. Results from this study indicated that the highest rates of physical and psychological IPA perpetration within the sample were among those with co-occurring high trait anger and decreased ability to decode negative facial affect. Our findings suggest that perpetration of IPA is associated with an interaction of affective traits and deficits in social cognitive processing. Treatments aimed at reducing aggression and violence among intimate partners would benefit from improving affect recognition when high trait anger is present.

Assessing Negative Attributions After Brain Injury With the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire.

(1) To explore the construct validity of the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ) in participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) (ie, confirm negative attributions are associated with anger and aggression); and (2) use the AIHQ to examine negative attribution differences between participants with and without TBI. Two rehabilitation hospitals. Eighty-five adults with TBI and 86 healthy controls (HCs). Cross-sectional survey. The AIHQ, a measure of negative attributions (intent, hostility, and blame), anger, and aggressive responses to hypothetical scenarios. Attributions were significantly correlated with anticipated anger and aggressive responses to AIHQ scenarios. Compared with HCs, participants with TBI reported stronger negative attributions (P ≤ .001), anger (P = .021), and aggressive responses (P = .002) to the scenarios. Negative attributions were associated with anger and aggression responses, demonstrating construct validity of the AIHQ in the TBI population. Participants with TBI judged others' behaviors more severely than HCs, similar to prior research using a different attribution measure. The AIHQ has promise as a practical instrument for assessing negative attributions after TBI.

Efeitos do treinamento com biofeedback sobre medidas de ansiedade, estresse e humor em corredores de rua: um estudo experimental longitudinal

Introdução: O estresse competitivo pode acarretar alterações fisiológicas e emocionais que podem interferir em varios aspectos da sua vida do atleta. Estudos sugerem que o treinamento com biofeedback pode contribuir para melhorar o desempenho desportivo e o bem-estar psicológico de atletas.&#x0D; Objetivo: Examinar a eficácia do treinamento psicofisiológico, utilizando equipamento de biofeedback de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), na redução dos indicadores psicológicos (ansiedade, alterações do humor e estresse) entre corredores de rua.&#x0D; Métodos: Estudo experimental, longitudinal, com amostra por conveniência, que contou com a participação de 10 corredores de rua (acima de 10 km), do sexo masculino (não profissionais). OS desfechos foram sintomas de: ansiedade pré-competitiva e de estresse e estados de humor. Além disso, foram aplicadas duas entrevistas: uma para avaliação pré-intervenção e outra semiestruturada para análise qualitativa pós-intervenção. A intervenção com treinamento de biofeedback ocorreu ao longo de seis semanas. Para comparar os resultados pré e pós-intervenção utilizou-se o teste t de Student para amostras pareadas com nível de confiança de 95%.&#x0D; Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que o treinamento alterou de maneira significativa as medidas de raiva e vigor, mas não as medidas de ansiedade competitiva e de estresse, apesar da maioria dos participantes ter demonstrado maior coerência da VFC ao longo das sessões. A análise qualitativa demonstrou que, na avaliação dos sujeitos, o treinamento com biofeedback atuou de maneira positiva, melhorando aspectos físicos e psicológicos.&#x0D; Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o treinamento com biofeedback reduziu sintomas relacionados ao estresse competitivo, como estados negativos de humor.

Anger and long-term mortality and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with a first-time implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: data from the MIDAS study.

Psychosocial factors increase risk for incident heart disease and poor prognosis. In patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), negative emotions have been associated with increased mortality risk, although the association with ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) is less consistent. Anger has been linked to incident ICD shocks, but no prospective study has examined the association of anger (state and trait) with mortality or VAs in the ICD population. In a consecutively recruited cohort of first-time ICD patients, we examined the association of state and trait anger with 7-year mortality risk and time to first VA. A consecutive cohort of patients implanted with a first-time ICD (n = 388; 80% men) between 2003 and 2010 completed the State-Trait Anger Scale and were followed for 7 years. Outcomes were mortality and time to first appropriate ICD therapy. State anger at the time of implant was associated with increased mortality risk in adjusted analyses, with a 1-point increase in score on the state anger measures associated with a 5% [hazard ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.09; P = 0.015] increased 7-year mortality risk. We found no statistically significant differences in mortality risk for trait anger, nor an effect for state or trait anger on time to first treated VA (all ps > 0.05). This is the first study to examine the association of state and trait anger with long-term clinical outcomes in ICD patients. Evaluating anger reduction strategies in newly implanted ICD patients, such as self-regulation or mindfulness techniques, may be warranted for reducing mortality risk.

Risk relevance of psychometric assessment and evaluator ratings of dynamic risk factors in high‐risk violent offenders

PurposeRelatively little research has been conducted with high‐risk violent (non‐sexual) offenders to establish whether measures administered to evaluate change during offending behaviour programmes contain risk relevant information. The present study aims to contribute to the evidence base relevant to decisions concerning whether or not psychometric assessments indicate how the violence risk presented by an individual may be understood differently pre‐ to post‐treatment.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty‐seven persistently violent offenders participating in Correctional Service of Canada’s Violence Prevention Program were assessed on measures of anger, impulsivity, and dynamic items of the Violence Risk Scale (VRS; Wong &amp; Gordon, 1999–2003; Violence Risk Scale, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, CA) prior to and after programme completion and subsequently followed up in the community for an average of 3 years. Data were examined using receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses employing fixed follow‐ups.ResultsWith pre‐treatment status controlled, change on few of the measures convincingly predicted violent or general recidivism. An exception was that changes in VRS dynamic score were associated with decreased general (but not violent) recidivism, controlling for baseline pre‐treatment risk.ConclusionsThe measures tested are widely used to evaluate progress in violence interventions yet the implicit assumption that they contain risk relevant information has not been empirically validated. Since reduction in dynamic risk factors translates into reduced likelihood of reoffending, but psychometric measures provide little indication of change in recidivism risk, treatment providers are advised to carefully contextualize pre‐ to post‐treatment change within a comprehensive evaluation of static and dynamic risk using a measure such as the VRS. Present results are discussed further in terms of implications for policy and clinical practice, as well as future research directions.

The effects of aerobic training on subclinical negative affect: A randomized controlled trial.

The antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of aerobic exercise are well known, but less is known about its effects on subclinical levels of trait negative affect in healthy but sedentary adults. In the present study, we test the effects of a 3-month randomized controlled trial of aerobic exercise training in young to midlife adults on trait measures of depression, anxiety, hostility, and anger. One-hundred and 19 men (n = 56) and women (n = 63) aged 20-45 were randomized to 1 of 2 conditions: (a) 12 weeks of aerobic exercise after which they were asked to halt exercising and decondition for 4 weeks, or (b) a 16-week waitlist control group. Assessments of depression, anxiety, hostility and anger were completed at study entry, Week 12 and Week 16. At study entry, participants scored low on measures of depression, anxiety, hostility and anger. Analyses among the intent-to-treat and per protocol samples found significant treatment effects of aerobic training for hostility and depression, but not for anxiety and anger. Within-group analyses demonstrated that depression and hostility scores decreased in the exercise group over the course of the intervention, while remaining stable in the control group. These effects persisted for the exercise group at nonsignificant levels after 4 weeks of deconditioning. Aerobic exercise training has significant psychological effects even in sedentary yet euthymic adults, adding experimental data on the known benefits of exercise in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Construct Validity of DSM-5 Level 2 Assessments (PROMIS Depression, Anxiety, and Anger): Evidence From the MMPI-2-RF.

The Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is a NIH-funded measure that has item banks assessing a variety of physical, social, and mental health domains. Short forms from the emotional distress item bank (which includes measures of Depression, Anxiety, and Anger) were included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-Fifth edition as emerging measures to be administered at intake to aid diagnosis and throughout treatment to track progress. The purpose of the current study was to further investigate the PROMIS distress item bank's construct validity using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). The sample included 344 college students (119 males, 225 females) who were administered the MMPI-2-RF and the PROMIS Anxiety, Anger, and Depression short forms. Zero-order correlations between the PROMIS scales and the Restructured Clinical Scales and Internalizing Specific Problems Scales were examined. Overall, these results suggest that scores from the PROMIS Anxiety, Anger, and Depression scales evidence convergent validity but have problematic construct validity (particularly for Depression). Future revision of the scales should be considered and sufficient external validation evidence should be available for review before psychological assessments are recommended and distributed for widespread clinical use.

Emotions and persecutory ideation in daily life: On the trail of the "chicken and egg" problem.

Etiological models highlight the importance of emotions for the emergence of persecutory ideation. To increase our understanding of their exacerbation, we tested whether this process can be explained by a vicious cycle of negative emotions and persecutory ideation in daily life. Furthermore, we examined whether this process differs in people with and without a psychotic disorder by testing a sample of 34 individuals with elevated psychotic experiences without a diagnosis (subclinical sample) and a sample of 33 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (clinical sample). In both samples, we applied the experience sampling method for 1 week to acquire repeated measures of sadness, fear, anger, shame, and persecutory ideation. Multilevel models showed that all tested negative emotions were associated with persecutory ideation measured at the same time point (p < .05) in both samples. Fear predicted subsequent persecutory ideation (p < .05). There was a moderating effect between sample and anger and sample and sadness predicting subsequent persecutory ideation (p < .05), with these associations being stronger in the subclinical sample. Finally, persecutory ideation predicted subsequent fear, anger, sadness, and shame (p < .05) without a moderating effect of the sample. Hence, the results showed an emotion-unspecific rather than an emotion-specific vicious cycle of negative emotions and persecutory ideation, which possibly contributes to symptom exacerbation and maintenance. Potential differences in mechanisms relating to emotions and persecutory ideation before and after the manifestation of the disorder are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Comorbilidad afectiva en personas con hipertensión arterial: un estudio de caso-control en adultos dominicanos

En la literatura científica se encuentra un gran número de controversias y resultados dispares a la hora de explicar la relación entre la hipertensión arterial y algunas variables vinculadas a la afectividad negativa, como la depresión, la ansiedad y la ira. Teniendo esto en cuenta, en la presente investigación se planteó como objetivo principal analizar medidas de ansiedad, depresión e ira en personas adultas que padecen de hipertensión arterial (HTA). A partir de un diseño de caso-control, se contrastaron dos grupos, uno conformado por personas con HTA (n = 50) y otro de control equiparado en número de casos, edad y sexo. A nivel general, el grupo de HTA mostró mayores niveles de depresión ¾en su dimensión somática¾ y de ira-rasgo ¾en su dimensión de temperamento¾. Asimismo, las personas con HTA presentaron síntomas de irritabilidad y pérdida de energía ¾síntomas depresivo-somáticos¾, además de que tendían a enojarse con facilidad o rápidamente —sín- tomas de temperamento de ira¾. El abordaje de estos factores psicológicos comórbidos resulta de relevancia dado que en estudios precedentes ha demostrado aumentar la adherencia al tratamiento médico en pacientes que han sido diagnosticados con hipertensión o patologías similares.

Ostracism and Aggression among Chinese Adolescents: a Moderated Mediation Model of Trait Anger and Forgiveness

Although ostracism has been shown to play an important role in aggression, little is known about mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation. Drawing from the frustration-aggression model and organism-environment interaction model, this study examined whether trait anger mediated the relation between ostracism and aggression, and whether the mediating effect was moderated by forgiveness. Our theoretical model was examined with 378 Chinese adolescents (15 to 18 years old). Participants completed measures of ostracism, trait anger, aggression, and forgiveness. Results indicated that ostracism was positively associated with aggression, and trait anger partially mediated this relation. Moreover, forgiveness moderated the relation between ostracism and trait anger as well as the relation between trait anger and aggression. Specifically, the path from ostracism to trait anger only existed among adolescents with low forgiveness, while the path from trait anger to aggression became weaker for adolescents with low forgiveness. Limitations and contributions of this study were discussed.

Anger Mediates the Relationship between Pain and Depression in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Anger has been linked to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the mechanism underlying this relationship is still unknown. This cross-sectional study explores the possibility that anger mediates the relationship between pain severity and depression in IBS patients. The sample included 70 consecutively evaluated patients who met Rome III criteria for IBS diagnosis and 55 healthy controls. All participants completed measures of depression, pain, state and trait anger, and anger expression style. Using a mediational model involving a series of linear regressions we found that trait anger and anger expression index partially mediated the association between depression and abdominal pain severity. The IBS patients with significant pain reported higher depressive symptoms; these results could be partially explained by their tendency to experience angry feelings generated by pain. The relation between pain and depression is not a direct and linear one, but works partly through patients' tendency to become angry and through anger expression style regarding their pain.

Individual differences in expressive suppression and the subjective experience, verbal disclosure, and behavioral expression of anger

Expressive suppression reflects one's tendency to inhibit the behavioral expression of emotion. Despite voluminous research on expressive suppression, we are aware of no study examining its relation to anger as a discrete emotion. Participants (N = 97) completed measures of expressive suppression and trait anger, and they viewed two anger-inducing and two non-anger film clips. During each film clip, participants’ faces were video recorded and later coded for the behavioral expression of anger. After each film clip, participants rated their subjective experience of anger, and they wrote about their experiences; computerized text analyses measured the verbal disclosure of anger. ANOVAs revealed that film type interacted with expressive suppression for subjective experience of anger and behavioral expression of anger even while controlling for trait anger; expressive suppression was negatively associated with subjective experience and behavioral expression of anger with respect to the anger-inducing films but not the non-anger films. Verbal disclosure of anger was not associated with expressive suppression. This lab study confirmed that general expressive suppression has implications for the experience and behavioral expression of anger, and it suggests value in extending this general individual-difference variable to the realm of discrete emotions.

THE TRUTH ABOUT AGE DIFFERENCES IN PERFORMANCE ON VARYING LENGTHS OF LIKERT-TYPE TEST ITEMS

Guidelines for self-report assessment with older adults emphasize the use of shorter Likert-type or agree/disagree response formats to reduce cognitive load (e.g., Yesavage et al., 1983). However, these suggestions are not founded on empirical studies directly comparing younger and older adults’ responses on different scales. Thus, the current study tested differential responding on varying Likert-type response scale lengths between younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Participants completed three versions of the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) Neuroticism scale with 3, 5, and 7 Likert-type response scale lengths in counterbalanced orders with other questionnaires between versions. Six multi-group confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) assessed measurement invariance across scale lengths and age groups. Invariance of convergent validity networks was also assessed with multi-group CFAs of the associations between the IPIP and measures of depression, anxiety, anger, worry, and affect. The final sample consisted of 835 adults (327 18-44; 279 45-64; and 229 65 or older) via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Measurement invariance was supported in analyses by age within each scale length and by scale length within each age group, indicating that response patterns across all scale lengths and age groups did not significantly differ. Analyses of convergent validity also supported invariance, suggesting that responses across all scale lengths and age groups reflect the same underlying construct. This study indicates that, among community-dwelling adults, shortened response scale lengths do not yield significantly different or more valid responses for older adults compared to younger adults.

How the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI) works for teachers as informants

BackgroundThe Affective Reactivity Index (ARI) is a brief instrument originally designed as a self- and parent report. However, the view of teachers, who can observe social situations that may give rise to irritability, is relevant. The goal is to provide the measurement qualities of the ARI score as reported by teachers. MethodChildren formed part of a longitudinal study on behavior problems in Barcelona (Spain) and they were assessed when they were 7 (N = 471) and 11 years old (N = 454) with questionnaires about psychopathology, anger and aggressive behavior, and a diagnostic interview answered by the parents, youths and teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance, reliability and validity were studied for the ARI answered by teachers. ResultsThe 6-item, 1-factor model fitted well. Almost full metric invariance and partial scalar invariance was obtained across sex and over age. The ARI scores largely converged with other teacher-reported measures of anger and irritability, and with other measures of psychopathology, aggressive behavior, and callous-unemotional traits at a medium level. The associations with parent's measures were medium to low, and very low for child self-reported measures. The ARI scores significantly differentiated children with and without psychopathology and functional impairment, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. LimitationsOnly one child self-report measure of irritability included. Limited internal consistency of some scale scores. Findings are mostly generalizable to Spanish children. ConclusionsARI could be a suitable instrument for measuring irritability as reported by teachers. The teacher's view can be useful when planning treatment by helping to identify treatment targets.