Measuring Consumer Perceptions Research Articles

Influences of appearance characteristics on consumer perception of ‘gu‐soo’ in fermented soybean paste (doenjang)

SummaryDoenjang, one of the representative soybean‐fermented foods in Korea, is a widely consumed food ingredient of stew, soup, and sauce/dip. In Korea, the term ‘gu‐soo’ is widely used to describe sensory characteristics of doenjang. Previous studies have reported that appearance characteristics such as colour, moisture content, and bean‐to‐paste ratio may affect consumer perception of gu‐soo in doenjang. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of appearance characteristics such as colour and bean‐to‐paste ratio on consumers' perception of gu‐soo in doenjang. A total of nine doenjang samples with three different colours and three different bean‐and‐paste ratios (0%, 25%, and 50%) were prepared. Consumer (N = 101) tests were conducted to measure consumer perception and acceptance of nine samples. Check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) test on sensory characteristics perceived by each doenjang was also conducted. As a result of the CATA test, doenjang samples made of the same type of doenjang were perceived to have similar sensory characteristics. Having high levels of beans in the paste did not affect the liking attribute or consumer perception of ‘gu‐soo’ in doenjang (P > 0.05). Overall, consumers' perception of gu‐soo were influenced by the colour of doenjang (P < 0.05). This study found out that the colour of doenjang was more important in consumer perception of ‘gu‐soo’ in doenjang than bean content in the paste.

Measuring consumer perceptions of online retail platform corporate sustainable development: a scale development and validation

PurposeOnline retail platform corporate sustainable development (ORPCSD) has garnered significant interest and appeal among consumers. However, no scale has been developed to measure consumer perceptions of ORPCSD. Therefore, this study aimed to delineate the conceptual framework and dimensions underlying these perceptions and construct a reliable and valid measurement tool.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed established qualitative and quantitative methods in two studies. In the first study, the dimensions and measurement items of consumer perceptions of ORPCSD were proposed using the grounded method. In the second study, the measurement scale was refined and validated using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and nomological validity examination.FindingsThe results indicated that consumer perception of ORPCSD consisted of three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental sustainability. The measurement scale for these dimensions comprised 25 items, demonstrating excellent psychometric properties.Originality/valueThis study contributes original insights by enhancing the current understanding of consumer perceptions of ORPCSD. Additionally, it provides researchers and managers with psychometric metrics to gauge these perceptions and offers actionable strategies for sustainable marketing initiatives.

Conceptualising and measuring consumer perceptions of brand wastefulness

Consumers consider the wastefulness of brands and are predisposed to exhibit aversion to those perceived as wasteful. However, there is a lack of consensus on how consumers associate wastefulness with brands and how this impacts downstream consumer brand responses. Integrating conceptualisations in the literature with original consumers’ insights, we conceptualise consumer perceived brand wastefulness (CPBW) as a multidimensional construct comprising perceptions of (1) unnecessary consumption, (2) inefficient utilisation, and (3) tangible waste. A multi-phase scale development process validated a CPBW scale measuring each dimension. The scale distinguished between consumer perceptions of more vs less wasteful brands and demonstrated CPBW as conceptually distinct from perceptions of brands’ environmental friendliness and corporate social responsibility (CSR). CPBW was related to unfavourable consumer brand responses, including a reduced purchase likelihood, lower willingness to pay a price premium, negative self-conscious emotions, and lower perceptions of brand quality and credibility. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications and directions for future research.

Measuring Economic Uncertainty Synchrony with Cross-Sample Entropy Under Common External Factors: The Case of Chile

In this paper, we measured the uncertainty synchrony level of Chilean business economic perception and consumer economic perception, both affected by common external factors reflected in the Global Economy Perception Index (GEPI), unemployment, inflation, interest rate, Monthly Economic Activity (MEAI) and the Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPUI) indexes. We propose using the Composite Multiscale Partial Cross-Sample Entropy (CMPCSE), which quantifies the intrinsic similarity of both time series affected by a common external factor. Uncertainty is measured through the Business Confidence Index (BCI) and Consumer Perception Index (CPI). BCI time series provide useful information about industry, commerce, and the finance, mining, construction and agricultural sectors, the global economic and general business situation. CPI time series measure consumer perception regarding the state of the economy, with consumers evaluating their economic situation and expectations. Results showed a high level of synchronization between business and consumer perceptions in the indexes due to different factors. The most influential in the long term corresponded to unemployment, interest rates, and inflation, EPUI and MEAI, generating uncertainty over a longer period. In addition, the GEPI was found to have an immediate effect on synchronization and high dependence on global uncertainty. Therefore, results could be useful for decision-making related to public policies based on microeconomic indicators of the construction and natural resource sectors, for example.

Measuring consumer perceptions of home-delivery convenience – the case of cargo bikes

PurposeDespite the increasing use of home delivery (HD) in e-commerce, no studies have explicitly examined consumer perceptions of the convenience of the last-mile delivery of goods by cargo bike (CB). Therefore, this study aims to identify the dimensions of HD convenience and to develop a reliable and valid measurement tool, namely the Home-Delivery Convenience via Cargo Bike (HDCCB) scale.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology of this scale development study is premised on a review of the existing literature, which identifies differences in consumer perceptions of the convenience of services. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 online consumers and validated the content with 3 experts on marketing in the retail and services sectors in order to develop the items for the scale. Thereafter, the authors identified the main dimensions through an exploratory factor analysis that the authors applied to an online survey with 116 respondents. Finally, the scale was validated through a confirmatory factor analysis of an online survey with 300 respondents.FindingsFollowing the original work of Brown (1990), the authors define consumer perceptions of HD convenience as a multidimensional construct and measure each facet of its four dimensions, which are time, use, execution and acquisition. E-retailers and last-mile logistics providers could use the authors' proposed measurement tool to assess consumer perceptions of the convenience of HD. That assessment could generate a competitive advantage.Originality/valueThis study is original as the study deepens the existing understanding of consumer perceptions of the convenience of HD by CB in last-mile logistics. This study also develops a multidimensional measure that is based on an empirical study.

PERCEPTION OF CONSUMERS’ RIGHT IN BHUTAN: A CASE OF THIMPHU CONSUMERS

Consumer protection means safeguarding the economic interests, rights, and safety of the consumers to avoid economic harm and health hazards while consuming goods and services in the market. In other words, it refers to the measures adopted to protect the consumers from unfair and deceptive practices by the business entities and to provide appropriate redresses, remedies, or compensations to aggrieved consumers. Four major consumer rights (Right to Safety, Right to be Informed, Right to Choose, and Right to be Heard) were investigated in this study from the consumer’s perspective whether marketers’ practices are safeguarding these rights or not. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to measure consumer perception regarding the four basic consumer rights, utilizing a five-point Likert scale measure. A total of 400 samples were collected from different zones of Thimphu Thromde and researchers achieved a 100 % response rate. An almost equal number of male and female respondents have participated in this survey where the majority of them fall in the age group of 21-30 years. Interestingly, 72% of respondents are aware of the Office of Consumer Protection (OCP) and 82% of respondents know that they can practice certain rights as a consumer in the market. All four hypotheses were statistically significant and the Right to safety and the Right to Choose were perceived as high favorableness (m=3.67 for both) whereas, the Right to be Informed and the Right to be Heard were perceived as medium favorableness (m=3.63 and m=3.29 respectively). According to these findings, Bhutanese consumers and relevant consumer protection agencies should feel proud that marketers in Bhutan are safeguarding consumers’ rights and further improvements in certain aspects which had low mean scores would definitely make the Bhutanese market free of fraudulent and unfair trade practices.

Understanding Consumer Perceptions of Brand Globalness and Localness: The Roles of Self-Regulatory Focus

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how self-regulatory focus influences the relationship between consumer perception of a brand nature and purchase intentions. This study uses perceived brand globalness (PBG) and perceived brand localness (PBL) to measure consumer perceptions of brand natures and examines the moderating effects of promotion-oriented vs. prevention- oriented regulatory focus on consumers’ intent to purchase global or local brands. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study conducted an online survey with Chinese consumers and data were collected using social media applications. To analyze the data, PROCESS modeling in SPSS 23.0. was hired in this study. Findings – The findings show that there is a significant moderating effect of promotion-focused self-regulation on the relationship between PBL and purchase intention. On the other hand, consumers with prevention-focused self-regulation show stronger purchase intention toward brands perceived as global (PBG). This study adds further evidence for the effectiveness of PBL and PBG by demonstrating their role among consumers with different self-regulatory focuses. Research Implications – The study contributes to the body of literature on PBG/PBL by examining the associations between self-regulatory focus and consumer purchase intentions. Furthermore, the findings may help brands to make more appropriate positioning decisions depending on the assessment of target consumers' self-regulatory focus. Thus, the findings of this study provide international brand managers with meaningful implications in developing marketing strategies.

Measuring consumer perception of overall brand equity drivers for m-payments

PurposeThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between various drivers of consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) for m-payments and to demonstrate practical relevance. The study examined the indirect relationship between m-payment drivers and satisfaction and their subsequent association with brand equity drivers in the context of m-payments.Design/methodology/approachA survey was administered to a total of 725 respondents. Structural equation modeling, SPSS AMOS and a multi-mediation model using process macros were used to analyze the primary data.FindingsThe results of this study corroborate the post-use driver (satisfaction) and trust mediates drivers of m-payments (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) with overall brand equity. Satisfaction and trust exert a positive influence on overall brand equity, and this research will help organizations devise strategies to retain consumers, offer loyalty schemes and brand effectively to bundle services.Originality/valueNovelty was achieved in this study by extending the technology acceptance model to determine the association between m-payment drivers and satisfaction and their subsequent association with overall brand equity, thus providing practical implications.

IMPORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS KINERJA PRODUK BATIK BATAM PELENGKAP DAYA TARIK WISATA

The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of batik products in the city of Batam. Batik products are also known as souvenir products to attract tourists. Product quality is very necessary in supporting the success of tourism in the city of Batam. Studies and research results are based on the perceptions of consumers or tourists who have had experience with those Batik products. Importance performance analysis is used in this study by measuring consumer perceptions of product attribute expectations and product performance. Test conducted use SPSS.21. The results showed that the performance of batik’s Batam was good. It can be concluded from consumer perceptions with the value of the level of conformity between consumer expectations and product performance at 98.141%, which means that 98.141% of product performance met consumer expectations. There are six indicators of product quality that met consumer expectations which are located in quadrant I, namely 1. Batam Batik has a variety of colors 2. Coloring has a philosophical meaning 3. Adequate texture quality 4. Texture softness 5. Quality raw materials 6. Imaginative trademark. And also there are five product quality indicators that need to be improved based on the priority scale which is located in quadrant IV, namely 1. Price certainty. 2. Price intervals. 3. Color variations. 4. Eco-green raw materials. 5. Packaging forms.

The Influence of Ubud Destination Quality on Brand Image, E-Wom and Revisit Intention

Ubud Village is a well-known tourist destination in Bali, with its own distinct features and characteristics centered on culture and arts such as dance, painting, and architectural sculpture/carving, as well as its beautiful and natural natural beauty, making it a viable destination option. Tourism for cultural, spiritual, and recreational purposes. Because of the fierce competition among tourist destinations, Ubud must continue to compete and improve the quality of the destination, as well as the image/brand of the destination that is communicated through electronic media (e-WOM), which can influence the intention to visit and revisit intention to Ubud.The Servqual model was used to measure consumer perceptions of service quality at this location, which consists of five dimensions: tangible, empathy, reliability, responsiveness, and assurance. Then there's the impact on Ubud's image / brand image, as well as influence of e-WOM on revisit intention. Data was gathered from 156 domestic tourists who had visited Ubud in the previous three years. To establish the complexity of the relationship between latent variables and their indicators, the data were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) statistics with the Smart PLS 3.0 computer tool.The results of this study indicate that each of the variables of Ubud destination quality, image/brand image, and e-WOM have a positive and significant effect on revisit intention. Then the quality of the Ubud destination also has a positive and significant effect on the image / brand image, and e-WOM. Other findings, image/brand image, and e-WOM are known to be able to mediate positively and significantly on the indirect effect of Ubud Destination quality on revisit intention. Keywords: Destination quality, brand image, e-WOM, revisit intention, Ubud Destination DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-22-08 Publication date: November 30 th 2021

Background music tempo effects on food evaluations and purchase intentions

This article is a report of results of three studies investigating effects of fast versus slow background musical tempo on physiology, cognition, and emotions. Two pilot studies first measure consumer perceptions of tempo. In Studies 1 and 2, participants view a short video restaurant advertisement featuring fast or slow background music along with illustrations of food items. Results indicate that fast music is more effective than slow music for evoking positive taste expectations and purchase intentions. Study 3 shows that the effects observed in Studies 1 and 2 occur because fast music enhances self-reported arousal levels that then lead to enhanced moods, taste expectations, and purchase intentions. Theoretical implications regarding effects of music on emotional responses are discussed, as are practical managerial implications for using fast music as a persuasive technique.

Contemporary CSR Model: Conceptualization, Scale Development, and Validation to Measure Consumer Perceptions

Contemporary CSR Model: Conceptualization, Scale Development, and Validation to Measure Consumer Perceptions

Measuring consumer perceptions over beef good practices and sustainable production process

PurposeInformation on scales for measuring dimensions related to consumer concerns over production processes is scarce in the literature. The purpose of this study was to develop a more comprehensive scale for measuring concern over the production process (CPP).Design/methodology/approachThe authors derive the concept based on the results of a bibliographic review, existing certification criteria, an interview with five experts and two consumer focus groups. The authors interviewed 725 frequent beef meat consumers to test the scale.FindingsStatistical tests and purification yielded a final scale with 18 items and six latent variables: animal welfare, traceability, social responsibility, environmental responsibility, legality and sanitation in slaughterhouses. The authors confirmed the nomological validity of the instrument using product involvement as an antecedent construct and attitude related to sustainable consumption as a consequent of CPP.Research limitations/implicationsThe research results may lack generalisability. New research avenues are suggested for testing the scale in other cultural contexts and with different groups of consumers and food types.Practical implicationsThis study provides insights for cattle ranchers, the industry and the retail sector in formulating communication strategies and product/brand positioning in response to consumer concerns about the production process.Originality/valueThere is no study at present that fully addresses the use of a scale to measure dimensions of production processes. The creation of the CPP scale is a relevant academic contribution that aids in assessing the influence of the environmental dimension in conjunction with other essential constructs.

Outpatient Satisfaction with Health Insurance Drug Dispensing Quality at the Pharmacy of Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital

This paper conducts a descriptive cross-sectional study to determine the outpatient satisfaction with health insurance drug dispensing at the pharmacy of Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital in 2019 through a survey questionnaire. The study results show that the outpatient satisfaction was influenced by 4 factors: reliability, assurance, empathy and tangibility, among which, reliability was the most influential one (42%). Generally, the outpatient satisfaction with the health insurance drug dispensing ranged from “Satisfied” to “Absolutely satisfied” (4.19 – 4.36). The study also shows a low level of satisfaction with drug dispensing time and some other aspects of the drug dispensing, which suggests that suitable measures should be taken by the hospital to improve its outpatient drug dispensing service.
 Keywords
 Satisfaction, service quality, drug dispensing, Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital.
 References
 [1] E. Zarei, A. Daneshkohan, B. Pouragha et al, An empirical study of the impact of service quality on patient satisfaction in private hospitals Iran, Global journal of health science, 7(1) (2014) 1-9. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n1p1 [2] R. Thornton, N. Nurse, L. Snavely et al, Influences on patient satisfaction in healthcare centers: a semi-quantitative study over 5 years, BMC Health Services Research, 17 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2307-z[3] Le Ba Tiep, Surveying the satisfaction of outpatient with health insurance procedures at the clinic – Nguyen Trai Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. Specialized Pharmacist of 1st grade, 2017 (in Vietnamese)[4] Phung Duc Nhat, Phan Thi Hieu, Tran Ngoc Phuong, Dien Ngoc Trang, Nguyen Thi Tuyet Van, Customer satisfaction with health care services at the center of injury prevention and non-communicable diseases, Medical Journal Ho Chi Minh City, 18(6) (2013) 646-652 (in Vietnamese)[5] A. Parasuraman, V.A.Zeithaml, L.L.Berry, Servqual: A multiple – item scale for measuring consumer perception of service quality, Journal of Retailing, 64 (1988) 12-40.[6] Nguyen Tran Huy Duc, Measuring the satisfaction of outpatient patients with the quality of service at Ho Chi Minh City Public Hospital, Master thesis, 2013 (in Vietnammese).[7] Phan Thi Thuy Duong, Factors affecting the satisfaction of customer with treatment services covered by health insurance in Gia Lai province, Master thesis, 2016 (in Vietnamese).[8] Nhu Ngoc Thanh, The impact of service quality on patient satisfaction at Hai Duong Children of Hospital, Master thesis, 2013 (in Vietnamese).[9] Hoang Trong, Chu Nguyen Mong Ngoc, Analyze research data with SPSS volumes 1 and 2, Hong Duc Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, 2008 27-46 (in Vietnamese).[10] J.D. Evans, Straightforward Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, Pacific Grove, 1996.[11] Ministry of Health, Vietnam Policy on Satisfaction Index 2018, 44 (in Vietnamese).[12] Huynh Bao Tuan, Pham Le Khanh Linh, Tran Minh Nhut, Lean application for the pharmacy in medication administration to out-patients with health insurance at Hoan My Saigon Hospital, Science & Technology Development Journal, 20 (4) (2017) 34-40 (in Vietnamese).[13] H. Koning, J. Verver, J. Heuvel et al, Lean Six Sigma in Healthcare, Journal for healthcare quality :official publication of the National Association for Healthcare Quality, 28 (2006) 4-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-1474.2006.tb00596.x[14] J. Heuvel, R. Does, H. Koning, Lean Six Sigma in a hospital, Int. J. Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 2 (2006) 377-388. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCA.2006.011566.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Managing corporate brand behavioural integrity: a case of alleged violation of Halal certification

Purpose This study aims to establish the psychometric properties of behavioural integrity scale at an organizational level from external stakeholders’ perspective and its subsequent influence on consumer trust and commitment with a brand. Moreover, the study also examines how different crisis response strategies moderate the relationship between consumer attributions of the responsibility and corporate brand behavioural integrity in the context of emotional product harm crisis caused by alleged violation of Halal certification by an MNC. Design/methodology/approach A quasi-experimental design was applied to test the impact of firm crisis response strategies on its corporate brand behavioural integrity. Findings The results provide evidence that behavioural integrity scale can be used to measure consumer perceptions of a corporate brand behavioural integrity. In addition, results indicate that crisis response strategies offer some moderating influence on the relationship between consumer attribution processes and corporate brand behavioural integrity. Research limitations/implications Results indicate that existing corporate crisis response strategies are not very helpful in the context of emotional product harm crisis. This study demonstrates that behavioural integrity positively impacts customer relationship-oriented constructs. Furthermore, behavioural integrity scale offers excellent psychometric properties when used at the corporate level. Practical implications Organizations can use this proposed conceptual model to monitor and manage behavioural integrity of its corporate brand and its influence on customer-brand relationship constructs. Originality/value This study is first of its nature that underscores the importance of measuring and monitoring corporate brand behavioural integrity as a customer trust-building mechanism. It is also the first study that investigates consumer reaction towards alleged brand transgression of its Halal certified product.

A measure of consumer perception on children’s apparel safety following the customer perceived value paradigm

The aim of this research is to develop and validate a measurement scale for consumer perceptions on children’s apparel safety (CASCPScale) using the three-dimensional mechanical, chemical and label safety conceptual approach as a theoretical basis. Empirical studies on four different stages are developed and applied to consumers for measurement scale creation and validation. A three-dimensional 27-item scale is proposed for measuring consumer perceptions toward mechanical, chemical and label safeties of children’s apparel. This is the first reliable and valid instrument to measure consumer perceptions on children’s apparel safety. This paper presents the complete development of the scale, as well as the implications and limitations of the main findings and the managerial implications.

Smart home: Highly-educated students' acceptance

In the coming years, cities face an urban transition in order to manage their resources, public administration, safety, regional economics, education, innovation, health, culture, and entertainment an efficient way. The Smart City concept includes several smart dimensions relating to the environment, mobility, the economy, governance, people, and living. This study explores the impact of Smart home dimensions on highly-educated students, drawn from what is known as the “digital native” population, one of the key components of the smart living concept. As digital natives are already engaged with the adoption of new technologies and sustainable development, we have postulated that they would be keen to use smart technologies in the home that could improve their daily life while preserving the environment. This study tests a scale developed to measure consumer perception of the Smart Home Concept (SHC) and the impact on “Performance Expectancy” and “Habit”. The model was built using some of the constructs of existing technology acceptance models, such as the UTAUT2 and TAM2 models. Based on our findings, digital natives seem ready to adopt the SHC and our results highlight the fact that Smart Home products could be targeted at this specific population.

How convenient is it? Delivering online shopping convenience to enhance customer satisfaction and encourage e-WOM

The purpose of this article is to identify which dimensions of online convenience affect consumers’ intention of using online shopping and explore a conceptual model to measuring consumer perceptions of online shopping convenience in order to surpass the shortcomings of previous studies that did not examine the consequences of convenience shopping experience. A sample of 250 Portuguese young individuals participate in the empirical study. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and a covariance-based Structural Equation Model (CB-SEM) were used to validate the measurement model and to test the relationships in the model. The results reveal that Possession, Transaction, and Evaluation are the dimensions with more influence in online shopping convenience. The outcomes of this study extend previous works on online convenience and help to understand which factors drive online satisfaction and enhance behavioral intentions and e-WOM. Contributions to the body of knowledge and the implications for e-commerce retailers are presented. In face of the findings, retailers should be conscious that customer expectations of online convenience have increased as a natural response to the service innovations introduced by website managers and marketers. Therefore, frequent monitoring of consumers’ perceptions and expectations about online convenience is a prerequisite for achieving continuous improvement in rendering highly convenient online service.

Measuring consumer perception of ethical issues in advertising: evidence from Nigerian advertising audience

This research used logit model to empirically test Nigerian consuming public views on parameters related to ethics in advertisements in the Nigerian media in relation to the respondents' personal characteristics. These parameters include age level, education, religion, extravagancy (wastefulness) and deception (lies) featuring in advertising messages. Thus, the paper tries to find out the attitude of Nigerian consumers towards controversial advertising. Data for the study was collected using questionnaires distributed to respondents who are presumed familiar with advertising messages being convened through mediums such as TV, Radio, print media, social media and the net. The study finds respondents' educational level and religiosity to play an important role in determining how he/she perceives ethical issues (advertising offences) in advertising. With both variables having positive effects on consumers' ethical orientation, while wastefulness as promoted by advertising messages is detested by more ethically oriented consumers.

Measuring consumer perception of ethical issues in advertising: evidence from Nigerian advertising audience

Measuring consumer perception of ethical issues in advertising: evidence from Nigerian advertising audience