Mean Squared Error Of Approximation Research Articles

The Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory: Psychometric Properties and Symptom Comparisons in Women With and Without Brain Injuries Due to Intimate Partner Violence.

This study psychometrically evaluated the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) among women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) and compared symptoms between women with no brain injury history (n = 93) and women with IPV-related brain injury history (n = 112). Women completed the NSI and questionnaires on traumatic brain injury (TBI), hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI-BI), and lifetime IPV history. A four-factor NSI model, including affective, somatosensory, cognitive, and vestibular factors, had the best fit (comparative fit index = 0.970, root mean square error of approximation = 0.064), with strong reliability for the total score (ω = .93) and subscale scores (ω range = .72-.89). In group comparisons, women with IPV-related brain injuries reported greater total, affective, and cognitive symptom severity after adjusting for age and education; however, no group differences were observed after adjusting for IPV severity. When examining lifetime number of brain injuries, HI-BI count was independently predictive of total, cognitive, and vestibular symptom severity after adjusting for age, education, and IPV severity; whereas TBI count did not independently predict any NSI scores after adjusting for these covariates. The NSI had acceptable psychometric properties for measuring neurobehavioral symptoms among women survivors of IPV. The association between HI-BI count and cognitive and vestibular symptoms may indicate the importance of studying repetitive nonfatal strangulation as an injury mechanism in this population.

Psychometric properties of the exercise addiction inventory (EAI) questionnaire among physically active young adults

BackgroundExercise addiction (EA) is a pathological behavior pattern in which a person loses control over his exercise habits and exercises excessively and suffers negative consequences for his health and even his social life. One of the best tools to measure EA is EAI. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the EAI among Iranian physically active young adults.MethodsParticipants were randomly selected from sports clubs in Tabriz, Iran. A total of 200 questionnaires were completed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted along with tests of convergent validity. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest methods.ResultsEFA indicated a one-factor structure explaining 40.43% of variance. CFA confirmed the one-factor model with good fit (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA] = 0.076; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.968). Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.71) and convergent validity was adequate. Test-retest reliability was also adequate (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.71).ConclusionThe results of our study show that the Persian EAI has satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool to assess EA.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the sunlight exposure questionnaire.

This study aimed to translate and validate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Philippines Sunlight Exposure Questionnaire. A total of 392 Chinese individuals aged at least 18 years, residing in various cities in Sichuan province for at least 1 year, were recruited. The reliability of the Chinese version of the questionnaire was measured through internal consistency, split-half reliability, and retest reliability, while validity was determined using the content validity index and the structure validity index. The Chinese version of the Sunlight Exposure Questionnaire, which includes 19 items covering 5 factors, demonstrated McDonald's omega coefficient of 0.788. The split-half reliability of the questionnaire was 0.823, and the retest reliability was 0.940. The content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.952. The five-factor structure, supported by eigenvalues, explained 66.2% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated favorable model fit. The chi-square value degrees of freedom ratio (χ2/df) = 1.852, the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.938, the normed fit index (NFI) = 0.922, the incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.962, the comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.962, the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.952, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.047. The indicators of the fit of the model were within reasonable bounds. The Chinese version of the Sunlight Exposure Questionnaire shows validity and good reliability for assessing sun exposure among adults in a Chinese cultural context.

Maximal aerobic exercise and acute visual performance in females: Implications for concussion side-line testing

PurposeMany sports-related concussion (SRC) outcomes can be prevented by removing affected athletes and allowing return after full recovery. Diagnosing concussions on the side-line is challenging, as tools often rely on visual performance assessment. Since acute exercise can affect vision, it is vital to determine if exercise can mask potential brain injury if visual performance assessments are used. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a single bout of maximal aerobic exercise on acute visual performance. MethodsEighty previously sedentary females were randomly assigned to an experimental group (N = 40) or control group (N = 40) and completed an identical visual task test battery. Two weeks later, participants returned to participate in the test battery, with the experimental group doing so immediately following a maximal treadmill exercise protocol. ResultsSignificant (P < 0.05) improvements were found in accommodation facility, saccadic eye movement, speed of recognition, peripheral awareness, and hand-eye coordination (P < 0.001 for all), but not in visual memory (P = 0.556). All visual tasks, barring visual memory, loaded onto a single factor and approximated the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) threshold value (RMSEA = 0.112 [90 %CI: 0.047–0.182]), and a significant large main effect was found on all factors as a universal visual task performance (P < 0.001; d = 1.01). ConclusionThis study shows that exercise can affect performance across multiple, but not all, visual tasks and should be utilised with caution in comprehensive side-line SRC assessments. Visual memory may be more stable to the effects of acute exercise and be considered for inclusion in side-line SRC assessments.

The relationship between fear of old age, loneliness and death anxiety in adults.

The increase in the number of elderly people in the world, individuals' perspectives on older adults, and false beliefs and ideas about old age negatively affect adults in terms of ageing. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between fear of old age, loneliness and death anxiety in adults. This study, which was designed in a correlational cross-sectional descriptive model, was conducted with 1074 adult individuals living in one province in eastern Turkey. Data were collected using Personal Information Form, Fear of Old Age Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale and Turkish Death Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0, AMOS 24.0, G*Power 3.1 statistical package programs. In our study, it was determined that the model created in line with the hypotheses was compatible and the model fit indices were within the desired limits as χ2 /df = 4.737, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, comparative fit index = 0.93, goodness-of-fit index = 0.92, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.90, IFI = 0.93. There is a significant relationship between loneliness and death anxiety (P < 0.05). There is a significant relationship between loneliness and fear of old age (P < 0.05). There is a significant relationship between death anxiety and fear of old age (P < 0.05). It was determined that death anxiety has a mediating role in the effect of loneliness on fear of old age (95% confidence interval: 0.112-0.226; P < 0.05). As the level of loneliness increases, the level of death anxiety and fear of old age increases. Fear of old age also increases in the mediating role of death anxiety. It is recommended to conduct intervention studies to reduce fear of old age. Longitudinal study on fear of old age is recommended.

Flourishing and Functional Difficulties among Autistic Youth: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth outlines body structures and functions and activities and participation to fully describe elements that support or detract from participation. While flourishing has gained attention in recent literature, research also points to the role of functional difficulties among autistic youth in influencing participation. Clearly, function is a multi-dimensional and complex construct and likely consists of both indicators of flourishing and functional difficulties. We used data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) from 2016 to 2020 to identify aspects of flourishing functional difficulties to achieve the following aims: (1) Investigate the factor structure of flourishing and functional difficulties among autistic youth ages 10-17 years; and (2) examine the extent to which child variables (i.e., sex, age, race, ethnicity, autism severity, poverty) are associated with flourishing and functional difficulties. Autistic children (n = 2960) between the ages of 10 and 17 years were included. We used confirmatory factor analysis followed by a multivariate general linear model (GLM) to examine the association between child variables and factors. Results indicated a six-factor structure (medical conditions, instrumental activities of daily living, activities of daily living, social competence, behavioral control, and school motivation) with good model fit (root mean square error of approximation = 0.08 [p = 0.926], comparative fit index = 0.94, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.91). Multivariate GLM showed that child factors were differentially and significantly associated with factors of functional difficulties and flourishing. Current findings suggest that 16 items measured by the NSCH result in a six-factor structure of flourishing and functional difficulties among autistic youth. A comprehensive approach to capture function among autistic youth must assess aspects of flourishing and difficulties.

Development and validation of self-assessment instrument to measure the digital professionalism of healthcare professionals using social media

BackgroundThe use of social media across the globe has risen incrementally. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these sites undeniably provided new avenues for professional networking but also led to a surge in cases of online misconduct. Professionalism instruments and scales do not assess the digital attitude and behaviour of healthcare professionals (HCPs). The purpose of this study was to identify the domains and items of digital professionalism related to social media use and to validate a self-assessment instrument to assess the digital professionalism of HCPs using social media.MethodsAn instrument development multiphase mixed method study (exploratory sequential) was conducted in two phases: item development and qualitative content validation followed by validation of the instrument. Feedback was taken from 15 experts for qualitative content validation in phase 1. In phase 2, content validity was established through three rounds of modified Delphi. Validity evidence was collected for the content (content validity index), response process (cognitive interviews), internal structure (confirmatory factor analysis), and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha).ResultsThe 48-item preliminary instrument was reduced to a 28-item instrument with eight domains: self-anonymity, privacy settings, maintenance of boundaries and confidentiality, conflict of interest, accountability, respect for colleagues, and ethics. The content validity index of the scale was 0.91. The reliability and construct validity of the instrument was established by responses from 500 healthcare professionals from multiple hospitals. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a model with a goodness-of-fit index of 0.86, root mean square error of approximation of 0.06, and observed normed χ2 of 2.7. The internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha α was 0.96.ConclusionThe digital professionalism self-assessment instrument (DP-SAI) has an appropriate level of content and measures the construct reliably. It can be used by medical doctors, dental clinicians, nurses, physiotherapists, and clinical pharmacists to self-assess and reflect on their social media practices. This will help to address these issues to enhance the quality of online communication through various social media platforms.

The validation of Chinese version of workplace PERMA-profiler and the association between workplace well-being and fatigue

BackgroundWell-being is an important issue in workplace. One of these assessment tools of well-being, Workplace PERMA Profiler, is based on Seligman’s five dimensions well-being. Prolonged fatigue may last for a long time, leading a great impact on both employees and enterprises. However, rare studies about the association between well-being and fatigue had been investigated. Our aim is to establish the Chinese version Profiler, and to discovery the association between workplace well-being and fatigue.MethodsThe Chinese version was established according to International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) task force guidelines. In the study, researchers employed simple random sampling by approaching individuals undergoing health checkups or receiving workplace health services, inviting them to participate in a questionnaire-based interview. Prolonged Fatigue was evaluated by Checklist Individual Strength (CIS). The reliability was evaluated by Cronbach’s alphas, Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICCs), and measurement errors. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis and correlational analyses were assessed for the validity.ResultsThe analyses included 312 Chinese workers. Cronbach’s alphas of the Chinese version ranged from 0.69 to 0.93, while the ICC ranged from 0.70 to 0.92. The 5-factor model of confirmatory factor analysis revealed a nearly appropriate fit (χ2 (82) = 346.560, Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.887, Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.855, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA] = 0.114, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual [SRMR] = 0.060). Moreover, the CIS and its four dimensions were significantly and negatively associated with the Positive Emotion, while they are positively associated with Engagement dimension except CIS-Motivation dimension.ConclusionThe Chinese version Workplace PERMA-Profiler indicate nice reliability and validity. Furthermore, all CIS dimensions were negatively influenced by Positive Emotion, while commonly positively associated with Engagement.

Psychometric Properties of the Questionnaire of Violence in Young Couple Relationships (Virepa) in Metropolitan Lima, Peru

Partner violence is a public health problem that seriously affects the population, which is why valid and reliable instruments are needed to measure this issue according to the cultural context. The objective is to determine the validity and reliability of the Violence in Partner Relationships Scale (VIREPA) aimed at citizens of Metropolitan Lima. The applied methodology was cross-sectional, instrumental, and non-experimental. The scale was applied to a sample of 433 subjects of both sexes, aged 16 to 60 years. Aiken’s V was obtained for content validity, which was accepted by 100% of the experts. Reliability was verified through internal consistency using Cronbach's Alpha (0.977) and Omega (0.99). The descriptive analysis of the items also showed positive skewness and a tendency towards moderate to low kurtosis. Likewise, the confirmatory factor analysis provided a positive distribution of items with factor loadings ranging from (0.76 to 0.95). The CFA reported a good fit of the original model (Chi-square over degrees of freedom = 0.12; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.010; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.0026; Comparative Fit Index = 0.999; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.998), and adequate factorial invariance was found when measuring the variable in both sexes. In conclusion, the psychometric scale effectively measures and evaluates violence in young couples' relationships, demonstrating high consistency, validity, and reliability, which was corroborated with the results obtained. It is essential to address this social problem properly and promote healthy and violence-free partner relationships. &#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 7 September 2023 / Accepted: 9 January 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024

Transcultural Adaption and Validation of Korean Version Freibrug Mindfulness Inventory (FMI): Assessing Mindfulness in Forest Therapy Sessions

Forest therapy is associated with several health advantages, such as stress reduction and improved psychological health. Mindfulness, an important component of forest therapy, is also associated with improved health outcomes. However, few studies have empirically evaluated mindfulness in forest therapy settings. This study translated the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) in the context of forest therapy into Korean and then validated it. (1) Methods: This study included 352 individuals. Four other psychometric tools were administered to ensure criterion validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were implemented to determine the factor structure. Furthermore, item validity was assessed using item response theory. (2) Findings: A two-factor structure of the FMI, comprising acceptance and presence, was the most suitable. However, excluding item 13 enhanced the model fit (χ2 [df] = 169.9 [64], comparative fit index = 0.93, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.92, root mean square error of approximation = 0.069). The FMI had satisfactory psychometric properties. (3) Conclusion: The FMI was translated into Korean and validated, serving as a valuable instrument for assessing mindfulness in the context of forest therapy. We identified that item 13 should be excluded. Our results demonstrate the potential effects of mindfulness on mental health in forest therapy.

Reliability and validity of the PROMIS-29 health profile in Ankylosing Spondylitis patients: A cross-sectional study.

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29-Item Health Profile (PROMIS-29) is a generic measure of health-related quality of life that is not well-studied in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients. Our objective was to investigate the reliability and validity of the PROMIS-29 in AS. About 169 consecutive AS patients were enrolled from 2017 to 2022 with 167/169 patients fully completing the PROMIS-29 in this cross-sectional study. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Cronbach alpha, respectively. We studied structural validity with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of our hypothesized and general population models. We evaluated model fit by Chi-squared goodness-of-fit-test (χ2), comparative fit index, and root mean square error of approximation. A χ2 test was used to compare nested models. PROMIS-29 convergent validity was studied by Spearman correlation coefficients with AS-legacy measures. PROMIS-29 domains showed good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) > 0.7) and excellent internal consistency with Cronbach alpha > 0.9 in all subscales. CFA of only the general population model met our model fit cutoffs (χ2 goodness-of-fit P-value of 0.21, comparative fit index of 0.99, and root mean square error of approximation of 0.05). Furthermore, a nested χ2 test was not significantly different between our hypothesized (full) and general (reduced) model [χ2 (1) = 0.754, P > .38]. AS legacy measures showed a strong correlation (rho > |0.7|) with the extracted physical health factor. The PROMIS-29 demonstrated good reliability and construct validity in AS patients with the general population model. Further study is required to determine its clinical and research utility in AS patients.

Psychometric properties of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-short form among law enforcement officers.

Repeatedly capturing national headlines, excessive law enforcement officer (LEO) use of force in critical incident encounters is one of the most divisive human rights issues in the United States. Valid and reliable measures of potential precursors to LEO excessive use of force, such as aggression, are needed. The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-short form (BPAQ-SF) is a validated measure of aggression across various populations; however, evaluation of this easily administered measure in high-stress, frontline populations such as LEOs is limited. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change the BPAQ-SF in a sample of LEOs. A confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the hierarchical solution provides a mixed fit to the data:SBχ²(25.84) = 62.50, p = .0001; comparative fit index = .94, non-normed fit index = .92, root mean square error of approximation = .19 (90% confidence interval = .17-.21), standardized root mean squared residual = .08. The BPAQ-SF demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .84) and test-retest reliability (r = .86), correlations in the expected direction with predictors of and buffers against aggression, and sensitivity to change among LEOs who participated in an intervention targeting aggression. Results support and extend previous findings suggesting that the BPAQ-SF is a valid and reliable measure of aggression among LEOs.

Translation and Validation of the Premenstrual Assessment Form-Short Form Questionnaire in Hungarian.

Premenstrual symptoms, including premenstrual syndrome and its more severe form premenstrual dysphoric disorder, are a set of somatic and psychological symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Our research aimed to adapt the Hungarian version of the Premenstrual Assessment Form-Short Form (PAF-SF), a questionnaire suitable for assessing premenstrual symptoms, and to examine its reliability, validity, and applicability. The questionnaire was validated according to Beaton's six-step guidelines. Our sample consisted of 198 menstruating women, 50 of whom completed the instrument for a second time to assess reliability. Descriptive statistics were calculated presenting mean (standard deviation), the internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha value, the test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients, Spearman rank correlation was applied to test the criterion validity of the questionnaire, and discriminant validity was examined using the independent-sample t test using IBM SPSS 28.0 software. The structural validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using IBM AMOS 29.0 software. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Our sample (average age 25.37 ± 4.80 years) scored 28.08 ± 9.49 points out of the maximum 60 points when filling out the PAF-SF questionnaire. The result of Cronbach's alpha calculation, which supports the reliability of the questionnaire, was 0.845. During the CFA, the three-factor structure (Affect, Water Retention, and Pain) was supported (root mean-square error approximation [RMSEA] = 0.054; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.965; Comparative Fit Index = 0.976; χ2 = 48.642; df = 31; p = 0.023; χ2/df = 1.569). The PAF-SF questionnaire proved to be a reliable measuring tool for assessing premenstrual symptoms among women of reproductive age.

Factor structure and longitudinal invariance for the Chinese Mainland version of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale during pregnancy

BackgroundThere are inconsistent results on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale's (EPDS) factor structure and longitudinal invariance among different cultures. Furthermore, limited relevant studies in Chinese pregnant women exist. PurposeTo test the factor structure of the Chinese Mainland EPDS during pregnancy and conduct longitudinal invariance analyses. MethodsA national multi-centre cohort study was conducted among 1207 pregnant women selected consecutively by convenience sampling from five hospitals in Zhuhai, Taiyuan, Haidian, Changchun, and Shenzhen in China between August 2015 and October 2016. Depression was measured by the EPDS during gestational weeks 10–13, 15–18, 23–25, 30–32 and 36–37, respectively.s ResultsThree factors with eigenvalues nearly larger than 1.0 were optimal for the Chinese Mainland EPDS, labelled “anxiety,” “anhedonia,” and “depression,” and contained items 3–5, 1–2, and 6–10, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis results of standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.034, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.049, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.968, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.954, and χ2, p < 0.05 indicated good fit. For the longitudinal invariance tests, the configural invariance was met, with the CFI and TLI both higher than 0.90 and the RMSEA lower than 0.08 (CFI = 0.919, TLI = 0.908, and RMSEA = 0.034). The metric-, scalar-, and strict invariances were met. ConclusionsThe three-factor model of the Chinese Mainland EPDS is invariant in pregnancy, suggesting stability and comparability in identifying the women screened positive at different points during pregnancy and making the scale feasible to screen prenatal depression and anxiety simultaneously.

Measuring the work environment among healthcare professionals: Validation of the Dutch version of the Culture of Care Barometer.

A positive work environment (WE) is paramount for healthcare employees to provide good quality care. To stimulate a positive work environment, employees' perceptions of the work environment need to be assessed. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Dutch version of the Culture of Care Barometer (CoCB-NL) survey in hospitals. This longitudinal validation study explored content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, hypothesis testing for construct validity, and responsiveness. The study was conducted at seven departments in two Dutch university hospitals. The departments were included based on their managers' motivation to better understand their employees' perception of their WE. All employees of participating departments were invited to complete the survey (n = 1,730). The response rate was 63.2%. The content of the CoCB-NL was considered relevant and accessible by the respondents. Two factor models were found. First, confirmative factor analysis of the original four-factor structure showed an acceptable fit (X2 2006.49; df 399; p = <0.001; comparative fit index [CFI] 0.82; Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] 0.80; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] 0.09). Second, explanatory factor analysis revealed a five-factor model including 'organizational support', 'leadership', 'collegiality and teamwork', 'relationship with manager', and 'employee influence and development'. This model was confirmed and showed a better fit (X2 1552.93; df 395; p = < 0.00; CFI 0.87; TLI 0.86; RMSEA 0.07). Twelve out of eighteen hypotheses were confirmed. Responsiveness was assumed between the measurements. The CoCB-NL is a valid and reliable instrument for identifying areas needing improvement in the WE. Furthermore, the CoCB-NL appears to be responsive and therefore useful for longitudinal evaluations of healthcare employees' work environments.

Psychometric Validation of the Stress Appraisal Measure in a Sample of Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) must often cope with a high level of stress. Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) stress-appraisal-coping theory described the importance of stress appraisals to determine which behavioral responses and coping strategies an individual draws upon following stressful events. One of the most highly validated stress appraisal measures is the Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM; Peacock and Wong, 1990), which was primarily developed as a dispositional measure,SAM-Revised(SAM-R: Roesch and Rowley, 2005). However, it has not been validated in adults with MS. The purpose of this study was to confirm the measurement structure and psychometric properties of theSAM-Rwith a sample of adults with MS. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structure ofSAM-Rin 477 adults with MS. CFA confirmed the three-factor structure:χ2/df= 3.94 (less than 5), comparative fit index = .95 (higher than .90), root mean square error of approximation = 0.079 (90% confidence interval [0.070, 0.087]; less than .08), and the standardized root mean square residual = .046 (less than .08). The three factors include (a) challenge appraisal, (b) threat appraisal, and (c) centrality appraisal. Correlations among these three factors and external measures of related concepts provided evidence of the validity of these factors. TheSAM-Ris a psychometrically validated measure that can be incorporated in rehabilitation counseling, mental health, and healthcare settings to assess the stress appraisal style. Rehabilitation and health professionals can use it to evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in helping people with MS to manage stressful life events and improve their mental health.

Validity and reliability of Korean version of the nursing staff preparedness for palliative and end-of-life care in long-term care homes: A methodological study

Purpose: Globally, the issue of palliative and end-of-life care (PEOLC) in nursing homes is a common concern, and the need to measure the preparedness of nursing staff for end-of-life care is increasing. This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the self-reported scale for the Staff Preparedness for PEOLC in long-term care homes. Methods: A total of 161 staff took part in the study; among them were nine nurses, 19 nursing assistants, 133 care workers at four nursing homes located in Wonju and Suncheon cities, South Korea. The scale was translated according to the guidelines of World Health Organization guidelines and Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments, and its reliability and validity were evaluated through assessing its internal consistency, stability, and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis, CFA). Results: CFA confirmed that the measurement tool had a good fit (comparative fit index=.96, Turker-Lewis index=.95, root mean-squared error of approximation=.07). The items’ internal consistencies of the items were found to be reliable with Cronbach’s alpha=.94; the Pearson’s correlation coefficient between test and retest of the tool was .86 (p&lt;.001); and the intraclass correlation coefficient value was .91 (95% confidence interval: .85~.96). Conclusion: The Korean version of the Staff Preparedness for PEOLC in long-term care homes was confirmed to be a useful and reliable scale for measuring the preparedness of nursing staff in Korean long-term care facilities in Korea for PEOLC.

Adjustment Estimation and Validation of the Addiction to Social Networks Scale Using the SEM Methodology

Currently, social networks serve as communication tools, but the problem of excessive usage leading to addiction is on the rise. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to validate the Social Network addiction (SNA) scale in university students. The study is developed from a quantitative approach, of an exploratory and confirmatory type. The type of sampling is non-probabilistic by self-determination, and the participation of 200 students was achieved, to whom the reason for the survey was explained, who agreed to participate voluntarily. For data analysis, the instrument was validated according to Cronbach's alpha criteria and after, for the analysis, the SEM methodology was used. The most important findings show only the conformation of a two-factor model, which includes the seven most representative items, and which are feasible to analyze in this study group. The goodness-of-fit index (GFI) value is acceptable since it exceeds the theoretical threshold greater than 0.9 and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) is less than 0.05. The Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) and the norm adjustment index (NFI) are greater than 0.9. Based on the results, it can be concluded that students exhibit a strong desire for connectivity. Furthermore, they invest a significant amount of time in their online networks and experience uncertainty about how to occupy their when they are not connected.

Path analysis of influencing factors for maternal antenatal depression in the third trimester.

Maternal antenatal depression (AD) is a nonpsychotic depressive episode during pregnancy that can harm both the pregnant woman and the fetus. This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic interrelationships between AD and its influencing factors by constructing a path model. This survey-based cross-sectional study included 1071 pregnant women who underwent pregnancy examinations in three hospitals in Nantong City, China, between February and June 2023. General information and information regarding maternal AD, pregnancy stress, prenatal anxiety, social support, marital satisfaction, sleep quality, and resilience were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 25.0 was employed to determine the factors influencing pregnancy depression, and Amos25.0 was used to construct a structural equation model. AD incidence was 19.4% (208/1071). The independent risk factors affecting AD in pregnant women have been integrated into the established path analysis model. The model demonstrated a good fit (χ2/DF = 1.238, comparative fit index = 0.999, goodness-of-fit index = 0.998, normed fit index = 0.996, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.990, incremental fit index = 0.999, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.015). While prenatal anxiety (0.230) and hyperthyroidism (0.048) only had direct effects on AD, mental resilience was the biggest factor affecting AD, followed by pregnancy stress, marital satisfaction, prenatal anxiety, sleep quality, social support, and hyperthyroidism. Improved mental resilience, social support, sleep quality, and marital satisfaction; reduced pregnancy stress and prenatal anxiety; and effective hyperthyroidism treatment might reduce AD. This study underscored the significance of delivering actionable strategies and tangible assistance to pregnant women to reduce AD.

Problematic pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations: Insights from the International Sex Survey and comparison of different assessment tools.

Problematic pornography use (PPU) is a common manifestation of the newly introduced Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder diagnosis in the 11th edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Although cultural, gender- and sexual orientation-related differences in sexual behaviors are well documented, there is a relative absence of data on PPU outside Western countries and among women as well as gender- and sexually-diverse individuals. We addressed these gaps by (a) validating the long and short versions of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS and PPCS-6, respectively) and the Brief Pornography Screen (BPS) and (b) measuring PPU risk across diverse populations. Using data from the pre-registered International Sex Survey [n = 82 243; mean age (Mage) = 32.4years, standard deviation = 12.5], a study across 42 countries from five continents, we evaluated the psychometric properties (i.e. factor structure, measurement invariance, and reliability) of the PPCS, PPCS-6, and BPS and examined their associations with relevant correlates (e.g. treatment-seeking). We also compared PPU risk among diverse groups (e.g. three genders). The PPCS, PPCS-6, and BPS demonstrated excellent psychometric properties [for example, comparative fit index = 0.985, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.981, root mean square error of approximation = 0.060 (90% confidence interval = 0.059-0.060)] in the confirmatory factor analysis, with all PPCS' inter-factor correlations positive and strong (rs = 0.72-0.96). A total of 3.2% of participants were at risk of experiencing PPU (PPU+) based on the PPCS, with significant country- and gender-based differences (e.g. men reported the highest levels of PPU). No sexual orientation-based differences were observed. Only 4-10% of individuals in the PPU+ group had ever sought treatment for PPU, while an additional 21-37% wanted to, but did not do so for specific reasons (e.g. unaffordability). This study validated three measures to assess the severity of problematic pornography use across languages, countries, genders, and sexual orientations in 26 languages: the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS, and PPCS-6, respectively), and the Brief Pornography Screen (BPS). The problematic pornography use risk is estimated to be 3.2-16.6% of the population of 42 countries, and varies among different groups (e.g. genders) and based on the measure used.