Means Of Changes Research Articles

Ergonomic Evaluation and Design of Workstation for Gemstone Polishing Workers

Background: Many researchers have stated that workers working in unorganized sectors are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), like back pain, wrist pain, pain in the neck and shoulders, etc. Ergonomic study of these workstations is necessary for the analysis of workrelated disorders. Methods: In this study on MSDs among gemstone workers in Jaipur, Rajasthan; a modified Nordic questionnaire was employed. Further analysis was done using the 'Ergonomic Design and Analysis’ module of DELMIA. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) analysis was used. Results: The survey showed lower back pain among 81.25% of workers. Neck pain, hips or thigh pain, and ankle or feet pain were observed among nearly half of the surveyed workers, leading to further investigation. RULA analysis confirmed the results of the survey; the final RULA score came out to be 7. This score means investigation and changes are needed immediately. The workstation was designed using standard anthropometric data for the Indian population and modeled in CATIA. The modified workstation was analyzed using DELMIA, which has shown a RULA score of 3. Conclusion: The survey results and RULA analysis in DELMIA of gemstone polishing workers have shown that gemstone polishing is a highly risky profession. Musculoskeletal risk factors, like low back pain, neck pain, and wrist pain, have also been found to be present among the workers. The gemstone polishing workstation needs design interventions using Indian anthropometric data to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. RULA analysis of an anthropometrically modified workstation showed the modified workstation to be ergonomically fit.

Dangerous politeness? Understandings of politeness in the COVID-19 era and beyond

Abstract What (im)politeness means changes over time. As these changes are usually gradual, we tend to be relatively unaware of them. However, when changes are abrupt, people not only notice but are also concerned with them. The COVID-19 pandemic entailed such abrupt changes involving new rules most of which are at odds with the rather automatic conventions of politeness that we follow. My aim in this paper is to explore what politeness means to non-academics in the context of the pandemic and how similar or different their understandings are from academic accounts. To this end, I will draw from an online article entitled “Your politeness is a public health hazard”, which appeared at the onset of the pandemic, and the user-generated comments it triggered. The discussion is placed within the discursive turn in (im)politeness research, considering its key distinction between first-order and second-order conceptualisations of politeness. The findings suggest that politeness in the pandemic is still mostly understood as consideration for the other, an understanding shared with (im)politeness research. However, posters’ views are broader overlapping with understandings of ‘civility’. These views manifest their knowledge as observers and participants of social reality but also reveal that they are in dialogue with work in philosophy, sociology and psychology.

Economic Obstacles of cultural development-An Anthropological Field Study in Erbil City

There is a complementary relationship between economic growth and cultural development. Cultural development means changes in attitudes and values and the preparation of the right environment for economic growth. It is also the economic growth of the subconscious and the cause of cultural development. The aspirations of all members of society to lead a happy, dignified and prosperous life, economic growth in the interest of the majority of individuals in the possibilities and pleasures of life and the enjoyment of life and well-being. Development is a universal and multifaceted phenomes’, economic growth is one of the topics that directly affects cultural development. Preventing the development of culture means preventing change and advancing society. The economic development of the cultural development infrastructure, as well as the study of how the cultural anthropology has been conducted in the center of the city of Erbil, based on the Functional Construction theories and methods of anthropology and taking advantage of the ways of observation, and participation in direct and interviews. The main problems of the barrier to the development of cultural development in the research community have been identified. The study is divided into four sections, the first part of which discusses culture and cultural development. The second part analyzes the economic foundations of the research community, and in this chapter discusses the ways of investing in the agricultural and livestock sectors and the handicrafts and the impact of the industry on the way of life of individuals in the society. The role of technology and commerce and market positioning in cultural development and ways to benefit from energy sources in the research community have also been described. In the third section, the cultural industry and the causes of poverty of the individual living standards of the society are analyzed, and in the final section, the results and a number of suggestions and recommendations are directed to the relevant parties for the cultural and social development of the research community. The results of the study found that the research community has a rich natural environment, but the inaccuracies of taking advantage of natural resources are the cause of the destruction of the natural capital that is endangered for individuals of the community. Delays in the cultural industry and restrictions on freedom of investment and the intervention of ruling groups and parties in markets and business activities have contributed to the stagnation of local investment and the development of the phenomenon of poverty in the research community. The main concepts of this research are: culture, development, industry, cultural industry and cultural development.

CURRENT MODELS OF THE LINGUISTICS OF GENESIS IN MODERN PUBLICISTIC TEXTS

Constantly changing reality requires new models for its interpretation. The linguistic philosophy of mass communication is reflected in various forms of implementation of ways of informing, evaluating and expressing will. Any journalistic text has a clear pragmatic orientation – to convince the addressee of the correctness of the judgment and encourage him to react accordingly by means of various linguistic means (changes at the level of structure, semantic and stylistic transformations). In the article, taking into account the integrative aspect of linguistic stylistics, an interpretation of the linguistics of Ukrainian journalistic texts of the beginning of the 21st century is proposed. Modern models of linguistic representation of existence (lexical, morphological, stylistic) are subject to a new semantic understanding of extra-linguistic reality, taking into account the cultural-historical situation, socio-political challenges, and national values. All changes at the structural level and semantic and stylistic transformations in the modern language and information space are determined by social trends, psychological perception of reality. The basis of the linguosophy of existence is the nuclear concepts defining the modern national space: “Ukraine” with the establishment of positive (Ukraine: state, Ukraine: people, Ukraine: language) and negative (Ukraine – Russia) semantic correlations; “war – peace” with the formation of a dictionary of low and high language expression. The category of evaluability, textual modality, and social motivation are indicative of the language of mass communication.

Ключові чинники безпеки підприємства у світлі стейкхолдерської теорії

Abstract. Introduction. Security is one of the main conditions of the enterprise. In today's market economy, the company operates in difficult, unstable and uncertain conditions. The characteristics of the company's ability to self-support and active development come to the fore, taking into account staff behavior, management relationships, stakeholder involvement in the discussion and decision-making process to identify risks, threats and minimize them. Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze the essence of the concept of "security" and the composition of its structural components, as well as the feasibility of introducing human capital as a component of enterprise security and internal stakeholders of the enterprise. Results. It is presented that security threat means changes in the internal and external environment of the entity, which lead to negative changes in the security entity. The most common classification of security threats is their division into internal and external. It is noted that the classification of safety should be carried out by areas of enterprise management, which are often reflected in the organizational structure of management: environmental, social, legal, law enforcement, information, economic. It is noted that economic security is the most informative component, which reflects the consequences of all processes occurring during the operation of the enterprise. The study found that the most complex part of the security system is the person and the human factor can have a critical impact on business success. Conclusions. It has been studied that human capital is associated with employees and managers of the enterprise, which are the main source and generator of knowledge, part of the internal stakeholders of the enterprise. This capital at the same time requires appropriate investments in its development (investment) and contributes to the goals of the enterprise, forming added value. Our further research is relevant to assessing the level of impact of stakeholders in terms of investment in human capital. It is determined that part of the internal stakeholders of the enterprise (as human capital) occupies a leading place in the development resources of each organization and is therefore the main source of uncertainty, and the risks associated with some internal stakeholders can be identified as complex.

Modelling the impacts of climate and land use changes on water quality in the Guadiana basin and the adjacent coastal area

The increasing pressure on water resources and the management problems related to it, highlight the need of a multidisciplinary approach in the hydrological, social, economic and ecological field, applicable to every considered catchment. Changes in land use means changes in quantity and quality of water resources; this scenario could be more severe with the intensification of some chemical and physical processes, as a consequence of climate change. Based on this concept, the present work has been developed to support the use of information systems tools in the decision making process, from integrated river management to the integrated coastal management. For this purpose, it is used a hydrological model, using the Guadiana catchment as case study. The model has been calibrated and validated for river flow and nitrate load with satisfactory results, and then it was used for water quality simulation. Furthermore, simulations were done under two future Climate Change (CC, Representative Concentration Pathway — RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) scenarios, three Land Use Change (LUC) scenarios and the combination of both of them, to evaluate their contribution to the nutrient concentration that reaches the estuary. In this study, an extension of land use change from forest to olive groves would produce a greater contribution of nutrients under the most abrasive climate change scenario (RCP 8.5). Such scenario could be beneficial for the productivity of estuarine ecosystem. The same change in land use, instead, is not recommended under a climate change scenario RCP 4.5, as it would cause a net reduction in the supply of nutrients to the estuary.

Quality of life of prostate cancer (PCa) patients aged 60 years and older: Changes in QLQ-ELD14 dimensions after a six-month gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) therapy, according to age groups–Primary analysis of PRISME study.

55 Background: PCa mostly affects elderly men and impacts their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Our purpose was to compare the evolution, between age groups, of HRQOL measured through EORTC QLQ-ELD14 instrument, specific to the elderly cancer patients, after a 6-month GnRHa therapy. Methods: Between March 2018 and February 2020, a prospective, multicenter, non-interventional study was conducted in France (PRISME, NCT03516110). Urologists, radiation oncologists and medical oncologists recruited patients aged 60 years and older, with PCa, initiating a GnRHa therapy. 1000 patients were planned to be included 1:2:1 in prespecified age groups ([60-70[, [70-75[, ≥ 75 years). They reported HRQOL using ELD14 (7 dimensions, each scored 0-100): “Maintaining purpose”, “Family support” (higher scores represent better functioning), “Mobility”, “Worries about others”, “Future worries”, “Burden of illness” and “Joint stiffness” (higher scores represent worse functioning). Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to compare evolution of each of the 7 dimensions of ELD14 between subgroups of ages, adjusted on baseline scores. Level of significance was set to 0.002 because of the multiplicity testing on the 7 dimensions (Bonferroni). Results: After enrollment of 814 patients by 138 investigators, enrollment was stopped because of a slow recruitment in the [70-75[ group. The final analysis included 652 patients (full analysis set population). Mean (±SD) age was 72.5±6.2 years. There were 193, 269 and 190 patients, in the [60-70[, [70-75[ and ≥75y age groups, respectively. 71.6% had at least one comorbidity at baseline and 65.0% were receiving at least one concomitant systemic treatment. Main reasons for GnRHa initiation were high risk PCa in 65.3%, metastatic stage in 18.4%, biochemical recurrence in 13.3%. For each dimension, ANCOVA analyses showed that changes from baseline, adjusted on baseline values, were not significantly different between age groups. For example, least square (LS) means (SE) changes in “Mobility” scores from baseline were 3.01 (1.13), 3.14 (0.95) and 6.13 (1.15) in the [60-70[, [70-75[ and ≥75y age groups, indicating a worsening in all groups, but without significant differences between groups (Table). Conclusions: In this large observational cohort of PCa men with prespecified age groups, HRQOL changes after a 6-month GnRHa therapy didn’t depend on age group. Clinical trial information: NCT03516110. [Table: see text]

Fossil fuel mineral wealth and climate change law: expectations of coal mine development in a time of decarbonisation

International climate change law embodied in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement entails commitments to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly from the use of fossil fuels. The development of fossil fuel mineral resources, especially coal, is becoming less attractive. Although it can be argued that countries, especially developing countries, should have a right to develop their coal resources, there is no general exception to the international agreements to that effect. The agreements address emissions and do not directly prevent fossil fuel extraction at the present. Emission reduction measures are not the only factors causing uncertainty in international coal markets. No tenable argument can be made for exceptions to the climate change agreements on the basis of the right to development, sustainable development or permanent sovereignty over natural resources; and pressure to reduce the use of fossil fuels, at the corporate level or in international affairs, is legitimate and to be expected. A low-carbon future means changes for mining, and coal mining in particular does not have a legal claim to business as usual operation immune from international efforts to reduce harm to the climate.

E-COMMERCE IN THE LIGHT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

A new industrial revolution has begun. The development of digital technology as well as the implementation of advanced technologies, primarily in the manufacturing processes of the industry, all with the changes that are taking place at the global level of the economy imposed by the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). The fourth industrial revolution implies changes in artificial intelligence, automotive industry, robotics, nanotechnology, quantum computers, e-commerce, etc. Also, the fourth industrial revolution means changes in the sectors of economy that use or produce innovative or new technologies, and where information-communication technologies are tools in creating virtual-digital channels of trade in which the trade is performed without business partners ever seeing each other. It took 75 years for the phone to start being used by 50 million people around the world, for the television it was about 13 years, while the Internet took only 4 years. The aim of the paper is to show that the successful functioning of the concept of e-commerce in the era of daily changes on a global level requires understanding of Internet technology, as well as Web and mobile platforms that make up the electronic commerce infrastructure. From the spectrum of innovations brought by Internet, the authors have chosen to explore the Internet as a platform for relocating trade to the digital network, on the one hand, and as a foundation for the development of new models of trade, better known in theory and practice as virtual trade, e-commerce, on the other hand.

Understanding Brain Plasticity in Learning Process

Brain plasticity takes an essential part in the learning process and memory retaining. Brain plasticity is connected with myelin sheath development and oligodendrocyte plasticity. Dynamic myelination is attained through certain learning activities. Oligodendrocyte plasticity means changes of oligodendrocyte precursor cell number either increasing or decreasing. This review aims to reveal what learning style is better in optimizing learning capacity by understanding dynamic myelination, brain plasticity, oligodendrocyte plasticity, and learning process. The review paper was based on journal reading. Keywords for literature searching are "Learning, myelin, brain, plasticity, oligodendrocyte" with filters in the last 5 years in the PubMed website. Pubmed was considered as one of the qualified journals. It doesn't rule out the possibility of using another journal that is not listed in PubMed. Result showed 36 articles. Other citations were added based on the previously selected journals. The learning process is closely related to encoding. Making schema while learning new objects are very useful in increasing oligodendrocytes cells number. The paper limitation is it didn't describe how the learning process might improve school performance and success in later life. There isn't any comparison about how each learning activity has an unequal effect on dynamic myelination, brain plasticity, and daily life skills improvement. This review paper's significance is myelin was not static, but it is dynamically changed through learning activities, new experiences, musical, or even practical training. Exposure to a new environment in the learning process will improve myelination and optimize learning. Learning new things is good for our brain because it will prevent dementia.

Hatásköri problémák az Egyesült Királyság kilépése esetén

The phenomenon of Brexit means changes and generates challenges for the law of the European Union. There is, however, not so much talk about the question of competence extension. The aim of this paper is to have a look at the process from an international political theoretical and legal theoretical perspective. This means the examination of three parts: the withdrawal agreement, the no-deal package and the documents related to the future relationship between the European Union and the United Kingdom, namely the political declaration and the negotiating mandate. The aim of the study is to outline the problem and contextualise it to some extent.

Impact of Climate Change on Health From the Perspective of Catholic Relief Services.

Albeit on a much larger scale, climate change reminds me of how I felt in March 2014 when I heard about the first case of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Guinea. Having spent many years in West Africa, I could only begin to imagine the breadth of destruction it would have on the lives of thousands. At the early stage of the EVD outbreak, the world struggled to respond appropriately because we had never experienced such a large outbreak of this disease. Climate change feels the same way, except that we have much better advance knowledge that if the world does not make drastic changes immediately, climate change will have a devastating health effect on countries across the globe.For more than seven decades, Catholic Relief Services (CRS) has responded to both sudden-onset or short-term and slow-onset or long-term emergencies, as a result of both natural disasters and conflict. In 2015, we worked in 101 countries and reached more than 100 million people. Our programing in agriculture, health, and emergency response-our three main areas of intervention-engages a wide range of partners, from civil society and governments to private companies and universities, working with community health workers as well as local health facility and district hospital staff and Ministry of Health representatives. While climate change has an impact on many areas of human health, this commentary is grounded in my expertise in mosquito-borne diseases.The Problem or Challenge From a Public Health Point of ViewFrom a public health perspective, change in the climate means changes in precipitation levels, which may cause flooding and impact health and nonhealth sectors alike. For instance, flooded lands make it difficult or impossible for farmers to cultivate their land, which in turn means reduced nutritious foods for families, affecting the health of pregnant women and children, among others. Flooding also means an upsurge in water-borne diseases and an increase in standing water, which forms a perfect breeding ground for mosquitos, thereby increasing vector-borne diseases such as malaria and Zika.Rising temperatures also means the (re)introduction of malaria in what are currently malaria-free areas. Conversely, this could also mean that there might no longer be malaria in current areas. However, the likelihood of the former could have a dramatic negative effect on the loss of human life and the health burden to humans. This would lead to a rise in malaria epidemics, since such communities would not have acquired natural immunity from the ongoing presence of the malaria parasite (and perhaps would not have the knowledge to prevent malaria) and would be hit with the disease just as hard as foreigners traveling to malaria-endemic countries. In countries with less developed health systems than those in Europe or the United States, this could unfortunately mean many lives lost.In CRS, we see climate change as undermining our investment in supporting national malaria control programs in developing countries to prevent and control malaria activities, such as seasonal malaria chemoprevention, which aims to eliminate malaria from a specific geographic area by providing prophylactic drugs to children 3 to 59 months of age. In addition, in the last few months of 2015, areas as diverse as India and Zimbabwe have struggled with sudden outbreaks of dengue fever, a disease also transmitted by a mosquito. This might forecast the rise of a broad spectrum of vector-borne diseases in the near future, just like we have recently seen with the Zika virus.The Solution From an International Nongovernmental Organization Point of ViewClimate change jeopardizes health for millions, and in turn will affect the way international agencies such as CRS respond to its effects. Since CRS works across sectors that include health and water management, we can contribute to reducing the negative health impacts caused by climate change and in mitigating the impact of climate change on the environment and agriculture and therefore livelihoods. …

Research on the Policies and Means Changes of Macro Regulation and Control of Chinese and Foreign Governments

In the process of economic development, government uses the "visible hand" to achieve macroeconomic regulation and control for "market failure", which has been common knowledge among people after World War II. Comparing policy and means adopted by Chinese and foreign governments in macro regulation and control, we can see that the choice is different in different historical periods and the change of emphasis in macro regulation and control policy and means has the convergence tendency. We can make the following conclusion from research of the change rules of macro regulation and control means in the market economic condition of Chinese and foreign governments: supply-side structural reform in China complies with the basic rules of development of market economy.

A new year means changes for our journal

Structural ConcreteVolume 18, Issue 1 p. 3-3 PREFACE A new year means changes for our journal Luc Taerwe, Luc Taerwe Editor-in-ChiefSearch for more papers by this author Luc Taerwe, Luc Taerwe Editor-in-ChiefSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 March 2017 https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.1077Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume18, Issue1February 2017Pages 3-3 RelatedInformation

CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND GLOBALIZED WASTE MANAGEMENT

The analysis of adaptation circular economy according to the principles of 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) is made and the fourth principle is proposed -global corporate social responsibility (Responsibility), as obligatory in the formation of global circular value added chains. Successful practical examples (startups) of the basic ideas of circular economy implementation are proposed. The circular economy should be considered at the micro, mesa and macro levels, covering production, consumption and proper waste management. Indicators of micro, mesa and macro are evaluated for implementation circular economy. Circular economy as a vector for sustainable development requires a needed shift from linear to circular way of thinking. Circular economy seeks to separate economic growth from using of the natural resources and ecosystems through more effective use of these resources. According to the definition it is a driving force for innovation in the resource and component reuse product that is equivalent to the new business models, particularly in the service sector. Outlined prerequisites that make the circular economy like necessary business model, including the resources and pricing them, the increasing number of middle class, «big data», changing legislation and management, the transition from «agreement» to «relations». It is alleged that the transition to a circular economy means changes in thought and action, which requires a systematic approach and affects how the business model, management, law, logistics, housing, agriculture and other will be organized and structured. Circular economy is a system in which resource flows effectively managed and processed, executed, fully based on renewable energy sources and any action without causing adverse effects on human life and ecosystems within the formation and operation of the global circular value added chain. JEL: Q01, Q56, Q57.

THE ORETICAL AND PRACTICAL CHALLENGES OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT BY ISLAMIC APPROACH

Modern educational system has aged more than 89 years. In this period, effect of social evolutions has magnified importance off formal education in educational system in society significantly. It can be claimed undoubtedly, today leadership and management of ab educational system in various levels is one of the most important and heavy duties. It is time educational management is mentioned more. Daily incremental need to educational system is mostly rooted by general changes in various educational elements and its texture since new educational period in Iran. Today educational management means desirable leadership, guidance, modification, and changes. Therefore, reaching prior objectives of education in each society needs reconstruction and innovation in educational system management. Leaning on management status and achieving success in taken responsibilities and duties generally need three types of abilities: knowledge, skill, and ethics. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) provided condition of behaving human, heavenly education, and finally modifying this world and hereafter affairs by behaviors such as good manner, modesty, kindness and empathy, seeking justice, supporting poor people an being social and we should considered lessons of ethics, esteem, unity, grace, and dignity with our life lessons in our plans. Education is infrastructure of country future and if it is promoted and modified, they will influence on economy, health, environment, mortality, fertility, beauty, and art, people behaviors in society, and above all on our religion and philosophy. Islamic management has features which can play significant role in organizations’ successes. These features are present in middle of orders, advice, ideas, and used methods by religious scholars; however, using it in organizational level and apply it in organizations need taking advance steps and modesty of management authorities modesty and scholars, and permanent research.

Teneligliptin real-world efficacy assessment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in India (TREAT-INDIA study).

Background and aimsTeneligliptin was introduced in India in May 2015. It has gained popularity and is already widely prescribed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This “real life” data collection was conducted to assess the efficacy of teneligliptin in Indian T2DM patients.MethodsPredesigned structured proforma was used to collect information from the prescribing physicians regarding the efficacy of teneligliptin when prescribed as monotherapy as well as combination therapy with other antidiabetic drugs in T2DM patients. Information on the glycemic parameters at baseline prior to starting teneligliptin and at the end of 3 months therapy was collected. The efficacy was assessed by analyzing the mean change in 3-month values of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG).ResultsData of 4305 patients was available for analysis. There was statistically significant improvement in mean HbA1c, FPG, and PPG with teneligliptin therapy. Means changes in HbA1c, FPG, and PPG were −1.37%±1.15%, 51.29±35.41 mg/dL, and 80.89±54.27 mg/dL, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that HbA1c (%) reduction with teneligliptin when used as monotherapy, add-on to metformin or add-on to metformin plus sulfonylureas combination, add-on to metformin plus alpha glucosidase inhibitor combination or add-on to insulin was 0.98±0.53, 1.07±0.83, 1.46±1.33, 1.43±0.80, and 1.55±1.05, respectively.ConclusionReal-world data suggests that teneligliptin significantly improves glycemic control in Indian patients with T2DM when prescribed either as monotherapy or as an add-on to one or more other commonly prescribed antidiabetic drugs.

The Effect of Education on Health Perception and Health Related Behavior: Evidence from the Russian Federation

We use individual data from SAGE and RLMS surveys to infer whether education has an effect on the health of Russian citizens. Both direct and indirect ways of impact are estimated by means of the variety of econometrics methods. IV regression is used to assess the former effect which implies profound changes in understanding individual’s health and how health care system works. The latter way means changes in the health-related behaviour, estimates for which are deduced by OLS. Different statistical methods like Lasso regression and Generalized Additive Model with splines are used to go far beyond OLS results. The obtained results confirm the existence and significance of both ways of impact: better educated people understand their health and bodies better and also switch to a much healthier way of life.

Analysis of physical processes via imaging vectors

Practically, all modeling processes in one way or another are random. The foremost formulated theoretical foundation embraces Markov processes, being represented in different forms. Markov processes are characterized as a random process that undergoes transitions from one state to another on a state space, whereas the probability distribution of the next state depends only on the current state and not on the sequence of events that preceded it. In the Markov processes the proposition (model) of the future by no means changes in the event of the expansion and/or strong information progression relative to preceding time. Basically, modeling physical fields involves process changing in time, i.e. non-stationay processes. In this case, the application of Laplace transformation provides unjustified description complications. Transition to other possibilities results in explicit simplification. The method of imaging vectors renders constructive mathematical models and necessary transition in the modeling process and analysis itself. The flexibility of the model itself using polynomial basis leads to the possible rapid transition of the mathematical model and further analysis acceleration. It should be noted that the mathematical description permits operator representation. Conversely, operator representation of the structures, algorithms and data processing procedures significantly improve the flexibility of the modeling process.

변증(辨證) 개념의 변천(變遷)에 대한 소고(小考) - 의미(意味)와 방법(方法)을 중심으로 -

Objectives : In this study, the changes of concept of Bianzheng(辨證)[syndrome differentiation] in the traditional medical history are investigated for the purpose of understanding conditions of Korean Medicine in modern times. Methods : The concepts of Zheng(證)[syndrome] and Bianzheng[syndrome differentiation] in Sanghanron(傷寒論) and many important medical literatures were selected and analyzed to overview the historical changes of those. Results : To the modern ages, the concept of Zheng had included the two kinds of concepts, that is, symptom/sing and syndrome with slight changes of meaning. As a abstract meaning of syndrome, Zheng(證) has been systematized and complicated with the times, that means changes of syndrome differentiation. The concept of Zheng has been recognized as the symbol that expresses the characteristics of Traditional Medicine since the modern age that concepts of sign and symptom have flowed from Western Medicine into Traditional Medicine. Conclusions : One of the main key of studies about Bianzheng(辨證) in future would have been harmonizing the balance between the two trends of modern Traditional Medicine, ideation and objectification.