Multiple Meanings Research Articles

Discrete vulnerability to pharmacological CDK2 inhibition is governed by heterogeneity of the cancer cell cycle

Abstract Cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) regulates cell cycle and is an emerging target for cancer therapy. There are relatively small numbers of tumor models that exhibit strong dependence on CDK2 and undergo G1 cell cycle arrest following CDK2 inhibition. The expression of P16INK4A and cyclin E1 determines this sensitivity to CDK2 inhibition. The co-expression of these genes occurs in breast cancer patients highlighting their clinical significance as predictive biomarkers for CDK2-targeted therapies. In cancer models that are genetically independent of CDK2, pharmacological inhibitors suppress cell proliferation by inducing 4N cell cycle arrest and increasing the expressions of phospho-CDK1 (Y15) and cyclin B1. CRISPR screens identify CDK2 loss as a mediator of resistance to a CDK2 inhibitor, INX-315. Furthermore, CDK2 deletion reverses the G2/M block induced by CDK2 inhibitors and restores cell proliferation. Complementary drug screens define multiple means to cooperate with CDK2 inhibition beyond G1/S. These include the depletion of mitotic regulators as well as CDK4/6 inhibitors cooperate with CDK2 inhibition in multiple phases of the cell cycle. Overall, this study underscores two fundamentally distinct features of response to CDK2 inhibitors that are conditioned by tumor context and could serve as the basis for differential therapeutic strategies in a wide range of cancers.

GPS: Multiple Meanings and Uses for the Equal Sign

Growing Problem Solvers provides four original, related, classroom-ready mathematical tasks, one for each grade band. Together, these tasks illustrate the trajectory of learners’ growth as problem solvers across their years of school mathematics.

Enhancing Electricity Load Forecasting with Machine Learning and Deep Learning

The electricity load forecasting handles the process of determining how much electricity will be available at a given time while maintaining the balance and stability of the power grid. The accuracy of electricity load forecasting plays an important role in ensuring safe operation and improving the reliability of power systems and is a key component in the operational planning and efficient market. For many years, a conventional method has been used by using historical data as input parameters. With swift progress and improvement in technology, which shows more potential due to its accuracy, different methods can be applied depending on the identified model. To enhance the forecast of load, this paper introduces and proposes a framework developed on graph database technology to archive large amounts of data, which collects measured data from electrical substations in Pristina, Kosovo. The data includes electrical and weather parameters collected over a four-year timeframe. The proposed framework is designed to handle short-term load forecasting. Machine learning Linear Regression and deep learning Long Short-Term Memory algorithms are applied to multiple datasets and mean absolute error and root mean square error are calculated. The results show the promising performance and effectiveness of the proposed model, with high accuracy in load forecasting.

Analysis of Polysemy in Little Women (2019) Movie

Polysemy is a linguistic term that describes when a word or phrase has multiple related meanings. Polysemy is part of the field of semantics, which studies the relationship between meanings in language. This research examined the presence of polysemy in the movie adaptation Little Women (2019) that directed by Greta Gerwig. The research method is descriptive qualitative, with analytical techniques applied to the source material, specifically the movie script. The theoretical framework for analyzing polysemy was based on Apresjan’s concept, which provides a comprehensive understanding of polysemy. The findings of this analysis include 12 data points, each consisting of two dialogues that present similar words but different meanings. The analysis concluded with the assertion that the Little Women (2019) movie exemplifies a multitude of polysemic uses related to semantics.

Theorizing conflict opponent noncompliance from ceasefire monitoring

This article presents theory for how third-party ceasefire monitoring may contribute to, and even motivate, ceasefire noncompliance. That credible ceasefire monitoring may help produce new violence, even if inadvertently, challenges prevailing positive understandings of third-party observation and monitoring, in which ceasefire monitoring is often seen as a form of intervention that helps conflict parties comply with ceasefire commitments. Four mechanisms by which noncompliance may occur when ceasefire monitoring is present are identified. These are, first, that monitoring provides conflict parties with new signaling options in which violence has a potential communicative function; second, that conflict actors’ noncompliance can seek to influence how monitors operate; third, that conflict actors’ noncompliance can help test monitors’ detection capacities; and, fourth, that noncompliance allows conflict parties to check for audience costs. In outlining these mechanisms, this article suggests that there are multiple means by which ceasefire monitoring, like other interventions, can have unintended consequences.

Multiple Mean Comparison for Clusters of Gene Expression Data through the t-SNE Plot and PCA Dimension Reduction

This paper introduces a novel methodology for multiple mean comparison of clusters identified in gene expression data through the t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) plot, which is a powerful dimensionality re- duction technique for visualizing high-dimensional gene expression data. Our approach integrates the t-SNE visualization with rigorous statistical testing to validate the differences between identified clusters, bridging the gap between exploratory and confirmatory data analysis. We applied our methodology to two real-world gene expression datasets for which the t-SNE plots provided clear separation of clusters corresponding to different expression levels. Our findings underscore the value of combining the t-SNE visualization with multiple mean comparison in gene expression analysis. This integrated approach enhances the interpretability of complex data and provides a robust statistical framework for validating observed patterns. While the classical MANOVA method can be applied to the same multiple mean comparison, it requires a larger total sample size than the data dimension and mostly relies on an asymptotic null distribution. The proposed approach in this paper has broad applicability in the case of high dimension with small sample sizes and an exact null distribution of the test statistic. Objective: Propose a two-step approach to analysis of gene expression data. Gene expression data usually possess a complicated nonlinear structure that cannot be visualized under simple linear dimension reduction like the principal component analysis (PCA) method. We propose to employ the existing t-SNE approach to dimension reduction first so that clusters among data can be clearly visualized and then multiple mean comparison methods can be further employed to carry out statistical inference. We propose the PCA-type projected exact F-test for multiple mean comparison among the clusters. It is superior to the classical MANOVA method in the case of high dimension and relatively large number of clusters. Results: Based on a simple Monte Carlo study on a comparison between the projected F-test and the classical MANOVA Wilks’ Lambda-test and an illustration of two real datasets, we show that the projected F-test has better empirical power performance than the classical Wilks’ Lambda-test. After applying the t-SNE plot to real gene expression data, one can visualize the clear cluster structure. The projected F-test further enhances the interpretability of the t-SNE plot, validating the significant differences among the visualized clusters. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the combination of the t-SNE visualization and multiple mean comparison through the PCA-projected exact F-test is a valuable tool for gene expression analysis. It not only enhances the interpretability of high-dimensional data but also provides a rigorous statistical framework for validating the observed patterns.

Political Theology: Origins, Concepts, and Contradictions

Political theology is a flourishing field of research, examining the various ways in which modern political ideas, institutions, and practices have been and continue to be shaped by theology. However, conceptualizations of political theology are often implicit and diverge widely. This article traces the origins and development of the multiple meanings of the concept to reorient contemporary research and debates on the topic. It argues that Carl Schmitt’s Political Theology provided the first modern determination of political theology and shaped the field fundamentally. It also shows that this central work actually contained three discrete conceptions of political theology, which it reconstructs alongside their complex and contradictory interrelations and implications for subsequent research on political theology. The article differentiates these three conceptions of political theology and develops an analysis of their interrelations that can and should be used to reorient and advance contemporary research on political theology.

Classification of grassland conditions using a hyperspectral camera and deep learning

ABSTRACT Grassland is the most widespread vegetation type in terrestrial ecosystem, but it has been threatened by degradation in recent years. Developing an operational species detection model is necessary for achieving grassland monitoring and making management plans. Therefore, this study aims to quickly and accurately classify grassland species based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology and deep learning algorithms. In the present study, 16,200 hyperspectral data are collected from grassland samples over a period of 3 years using a hyperspectral imager, with a wavelength range of 400–1000 nm. Second, the hyperspectral data are preprocessed by the multiple scatter correction and mean normalization, improving the quality of input data and thereby enhancing modelling capabilities. Finally, four models are established, including temporal convolutional neural network (TempCNN), recurrent neural network with long short-term memory (LSTM-RNN), Transformer, and support vector machines (SVM). The results show that the preprocessed data have stronger modelling ability than the original data, and the classification performance of the model is ranked in descending order as Transformer, LSTM-RNN, TempCNN, and SVM. Among them, the classification performance of Medicago sativa L. in the TempCNN is superior to other combinations. The LSTM-RNN achieved accuracy of 1 for Agropyron cristatum var. pectinatum and Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. The accuracy of both the Transformer and SVM for Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. and Lotus corniculatus L. is 1. The results indicate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed hyperspectral imaging technology combined with deep learning model, which has well classification performance for specific forage varieties.

الشبه الواردة حول عدالة الصحابة والرد عليها

We observe in this era a fierce war against Muslims and their pure faith. This attack has varied and expanded, especially with the multiple means of communication and various channels. The criticism from some misguided groups has mainly targeted the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). As we know, the Companions are the bearers of the Sharia, and attacking them is easier than attacking the Quran and the Sunnah. However, the truth is that attacking them is equivalent to undermining the Sharia, because they are its bearers, as pointed out by the scholar Al-Hafiz Abu Zur’ah. Therefore, we find that the Rafidah and the heretics criticize the bearers of the Prophetic Sunnah. In this research, I have reviewed the objections raised against the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) and responded to them. Most of these objections focus on questioning the justice of the Companions and even misleading them. One of the most dangerous doubts they raise is that the Companions were just, but then apostasized after the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him), citing a narration in Sahih al-Bukhari. I have responded to this deceptive claim. I recommend that research centers focusing on the Sunnah conduct studies and research to gather these doubts, refute them with evidence, and use Islamic, logical, and historical proofs to clarify the facts, combat slanders, and present these issues to the public through various media. Keywords: Companions- Justice- Doubts.

Potential Strategies Applied by Metschnikowia bicuspidata to Survive the Immunity of Its Crustacean Hosts.

Metschnikowia bicuspidata is the specific pathogen for "milky disease" in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), accounting for huge losses to the industry. And yet, there is no precise study describing the pathogenesis of M. bicuspidata, largely hindering the development of novel control methods against its causing diseases. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of M. bicuspidata cells collected from a control group (cultured without E. sinensis hemocytes) and a treatment group (cultured with E. sinensis hemocytes), using RNA sequencing. Through comprehensively analyzing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), both the most regulated ones and the ones involved in crucial enriched KEGG pathways, we found that certain processes might be required for M. bicuspidata's survival under hemocyte stress. Key genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, upper glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis were upregulated, and those for β-glucan unmasking, autophagy, and cell polarity were downregulated, in the treatment group. Our results suggest that M. bicuspidata colonizes and therefore establishes an infection in E. sinensis via enhancing aerobic respiration, glucose-6-phosphate accumulation, and cell-wall masking. In addition, we applied multiple means to evaluate a series of candidate reference genes and found that PMA1 in combination with ACT1 is the most suitable choice for accurate normalization in quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. Thus, we used this combination as the reference and performed qRT-PCR verification of several DEGs. It is shown that the expression trends of these tested DEGs in qRT-PCR assays are the same as those in RNA-Seq assays. This study not only provides insights into strategies facilitating M. bicuspidata's survival within E. sinensis, initially elucidating the pathogenesis of this yeast, but also recommends a useful molecular tool regarding qRT-PCR assays in this pathogen.

How do we move from rhetoric to action? Lessons from the RINGO project

ABSTRACT The RINGO project has been a systems-change initiative aimed at shifting power from INGOs in order to create a more balanced civil society eco-system, one in which power and resources are more equitably shared between international, national, and local actors. Convening a microcosm of the system, the project identified multiple systemic barriers to change, which no one actor would be able to address on their own. Systems-change and design thinking was adopted to help move beyond these barriers. The project has seen several successes, in terms of inspiring practical changes in INGOs and new forms of collaboration. There have also been some substantial policy changes at the bilateral level, in some cases, attributed to the work of RINGO. Nonetheless, change in the sector continues to be slow and there is an ongoing need to strengthen the demand side, while also leveraging more change to the system through multiple means.

Empowering access: Integrating multiple means of engagement when teaching accessible design principles

Empowering access: Integrating multiple means of engagement when teaching accessible design principles

(RE)SHARING FEMINISMS: RE-SHARING INSTAGRAM STORIES AS EVERYDAY FEMINIST PRACTICES

Contemporary experiences of everyday feminisms often include the use of social media platforms like Instagram. The introduction of Instagram Stories created a space for emerging feminist engagements, allowing for practices of re-sharing content that serve as small acts of political engagement, accommodating the participation of otherwise reluctant users. This article explores the feminist potential of these re-sharing practices, grounding it on the analysis of 2282 Instagram Stories, produced by 52 Instagram users in Portugal. This analysis combines qualitative textual analysis, close readings, and the use of digital methods to explore overarching patterns. The article foregrounds the multiple meanings of re-sharing, its social character, its ability to engage in intertextual conversations with the original context, while simultaneously recognising some of the limitations of the Stories’ format for feminist action. In this way, this article reflects on the tensions and possibilities of these small acts of political engagement.

Effect of starch and chitosan on the physical and mechanical properties of durian mesocarp cellulose biodegradable foam

Abstract Durian mesocarp cellulose biodegradable foam is an environmentally friendly alternative food packaging material to replace styrofoam. The research aims to determine the effect of starch and chitosan types on the physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable foam. The research method was a completely randomized factorial design with variations in the types of starch (corn, arrowroot) and chitosan (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%), using analysis of variance and the Duncan Multiple Range mean test. The results show corn starch type has a compressive strength value of durian mesocarp cellulose foam biodegradable products 0.076 N/mm2, lower than arrowroot starch 0.96 M/mm2. The chitosan concentration of 6% produced the best physical and mechanical properties having a water absorption value of 13.55%, thickness of 4.47 mm, density of 0.76 Gram/mm3, compressive strength of 0.79 N/mm2, but had a low biodegradation rate of 9.86%. The combination of arrowroot starch with 4% chitosan produced the best physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of biodegradable foam, having a water absorption value of 12.90%, a thickness of 4.67 mm, a density of 0.66 grams/cm3, a compressive strength of 0.91 N/mm2, and a biodegradability level of 12.90% with an estimated complete degradation time of 76.58 days.

Research on multiple profit means of film business and its industrial derivatives: A case study of Universal Pictures

The increasingly mature film industry has a huge influence on the world. Nowadays, film has become an important artistic channel for promoting culture and communication. At the same time, the commercial value of the film also promotes the development of the international market. In addition to box office revenue, the derivatives of the film industry also constitute an important part of the industry’s profits. By issuing electronic games, opening theme parks, selling souvenirs and other ways to meet consumer demand, film and television companies have brought a lot of income, but also provide a positive role in promoting social development. For example, the Universal Studios resort built around the world attracts the majority of tourists to come and spend money through the influence of movie IP. At the same time, the opening of Universal Studios has also promoted the development of the regional economy, driving local tourism, transportation and service industries. The development of the industry and the improvement of consumer demand have also promoted the emergence of a large number of jobs and provided employment opportunities for the society. By analyzing the derivative sales model of Universal Pictures, this paper analyzes the marketing strategies and business models of different projects with examples and discusses the diversified profit means applied by them and their promoting effects on the market economy.

Inclusive Online Nursing Education: Learner Perceptions of Universal Design for Learning Approaches

Diversity in age, background, circumstances, and abilities among post-secondary learners has become increasingly common in online nursing education. Thus, there is a need for educators to build an inclusive environment that is responsive to this variety, to optimize learner achievement. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) offers educators a theoretical framework to proactively design an inclusive online course curriculum that is responsive to varied learner populations and minimizes learning barriers encountered. A convergent mixed-methods descriptive case study was conducted of learners enrolled in a large first-year undergraduate nursing course in Canada, which was redesigned using UDL principles. The purpose of this case study was to answer the research question: How do learners’ rate and describe the effectiveness of instructional strategies used in supporting inclusivity of diverse learning preferences and needs in an online environment. Data was collected in 2020, from a cohort of 230 learners using a survey questionnaire (n=40) and focus group (n=7) by a hired research assistant, for the convergent mixed-methods analysis and resulting discussion. Survey respondents rated accessible course material, inclusive lecture strategies, accommodations, inclusive assessment, and classroom constructs of the survey tool, as being most inclusive of diverse needs. Focus group participants described assessment methods, instructor presence, and UDL based course design elements, as the preferred instructional strategies used in the curriculum, with group work and navigation issues being most problematic. A purposeful selection of synchronous and asynchronous UDL based instructional strategies by educators, which integrate multiple means of engagement, representation, action and expression, offered an inclusive online environment for diverse learning needs.

Training on Creative Analysis of ANOVA Statistical Tests with SPSS Applications

Background: ANOVA analysis is crucial for comparing multiple population means and is highly beneficial for final-year students. However, many face challenges in mastering it due to the lengthy SPSS installation process and the complexity of ANOVA material. Despite its importance, ANOVA training is rarely conducted. This research aims to fill that gap. Contribution: This community service aims to provide creative training for participants regarding ANOVA analysis using SPSS applications technology. Method: Final-year students (semester 6 and above) participated in basic training using SPSS 22. Pre- and post-training evaluations measured effectiveness. Results: The evaluation results showed that 92% of participants from final year students experienced improvement in mastering ANOVA analysis. Conclusion: This activity successfully increased students' knowledge to master ANOVA analysis using SPSS 22 applications. Thus, it allows the emergence of various research topics that apply the ANOVA application so that research in the academic world becomes better.

Financial Performance of BLU Hospital Cluster Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic

BLU Hospital received government assistance for operational costs in handling Covid-19 patients. The purpose of this study is to analyze government assistance for operational costs in handling Covid-19 patients, the type of BLU Hospital, and the number of patients on the maturity level of financial aspects, and to compare the maturity level of financial aspects before and during the government's assignment in handling the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses inferential statistics. The data used is secondary data. The analysis method is quantitative data analysis using multiple regression methods and mean difference test methods. The sample size is a saturated sample from the population of BLU Hospitals. The results of the study show no significant difference between those who did not receive assistance and those who received assistance on the Cash Optimization Ratio and Current Ratio. There is a significant difference between those who did not receive assistance and those who received assistance on POBO, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, and Total Independence.

Konfigurasi Dalam Pembentukan Hukum Parpol Dan Pemilu Di Indonesia

A democratic political configuration will direct legal products to be responsive. In theory, the configuration of party law is often related to a country's government system. Even though the 1945 Constitution clearly states that the Indonesian government has a presidential model, since the early era there has been a multi-party system and there is no desire to change it to a two-party system. When forming election regulations, you must be aware that it does not trigger multiple meanings so that they are easy to understand and you should focus on all stages of the electoral system to ensure the democracy of an election. Legislation is the task of political party representatives in parliament (DPR). Political ideology and political parties will have an impact on people's thinking about the world of politics and how to take political action, as a basis for movement, and will be echoed in society. Normative methods were used for this research, namely based on literature or scientific knowledge from books, journals and the results of previous thesis research. Library research and sociological aspects are used to answer questions, including relying on the opinions of relevant experts and further strengthening validation.

Alternative splicing expands the antiviral IFITM repertoire in Chinese rufous horseshoe bats.

Species-specific interferon responses are shaped by the virus-host arms race. The human interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM) family consists of three antiviral IFITM genes that arose by gene duplication. These genes restrict virus entry and are key players in antiviral interferon responses. The unique IFITM repertoires in different species influence their resistance to viral infections, but the role of IFITMs in shaping the enhanced antiviral immunity of reservoir bat species is unclear. Here, we identified an IFITM gene in Chinese rufous horseshoe bat, a natural host of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronaviruses, that is alternatively spliced to produce two IFITM isoforms in native cells as shown by transcriptomics. These bat IFITMs have conserved structures in vitro as demonstrated by circular dichroism spectroscopy, yet they exhibit distinct antiviral specificities against influenza A virus, Nipah virus and coronaviruses including SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. In parallel with human IFITM1-3, bat IFITM isoforms localize to distinct sites of virus entry which influences their antiviral potency. Further bioinformatic analysis of IFITM repertoires in 206 mammals reveals that alternative splicing is a recurring strategy for IFITM diversification, albeit less widely adopted than gene duplication. These findings demonstrate that alternative splicing is a key strategy for evolutionary diversification in the IFITM family. Our study also highlights an example of convergent evolution where species-specific selection pressures led to expansion of the IFITM family through multiple means, underscoring the importance of IFITM diversity as a component of innate immunity.