Meaning Of Gender Equality Research Articles

Gender equality in family relations: legal aspects of protecting the rights of women and men in marriage

Gender equality in family legal relations is one of the main foundations of modern legal and social development. The article is devoted to the systematic analysis of the principle of gender equality in family relations as one of the fundamental tasks of the state and society. This study acquires special importance in the context of global political processes, international obligations of Ukraine and its European choice. The theoretical and practical importance of this issue is decisive for legal principles and the development of national society. Implementation of the principles of gender equality in family relations is important not only from the point of view of justice, but also for ensuring the harmonious development of society in general. The article examines the concept of gender equality in detail and determines its impact on the realization of property rights of participants in family relationships. On the basis of an in-depth analysis of scientific provisions, the legal nature of economic relations of spouses and their importance in the science of family law have been clarified. It is emphasized that family legislation reflects the concept of gender, taking into account all aspects of gender issues. Its purpose is to strengthen the principles of egalitarian democracy in the family, to ensure equal opportunities for the realization of constitutional rights, freedoms and duties of both an individual and a citizen. Legal awareness is defined as the basis of the mechanism for ensuring gender equality in Ukraine. The importance of gender equality for achieving stability and harmony in the family and society in general is emphasized. It has been established that there are problems of low legal awareness of citizens in general and specific problems of gender inequality in the country. It has been studied that gender equality in family relations is becoming more and more relevant and necessary in modern society. The meaning of gender equality as equal recognition of rights and opportunities for men and women in all aspects of family life is considered. Through the analysis of the legal aspects of the protection of the rights of women and men in marriage, highlighting the practical aspects of the realization of these rights and the analysis of socio-cultural influences, the formation and application of gender equality in modern family relations has been studied. It was noted that achieving gender equality in family relationships is a complex process that includes both legal and socio-cultural aspects. In particular, this issue is closely related to the fight against gender stereotypes, which can still affect attitudes towards the roles of men and women in the family. Therefore, the effective provision of gender equality in family legal relations requires not only the improvement of legislation, but also a change in public consciousness.

Analisis Pelaksanaan Keterwakilan Perempuan di Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) Klapanunggal

This study aims to analyze women's participation in the management of the Village Consultative Body. In terms of filling BPD members, one of which is carried out based on women's representation. In this study, researchers will use a qualitative research method with a case study type used as a way to analyze research findings with data collection techniques through literature study and field research in the form of interviews. Research Results Implementation of women's involvement in the Klapanunggal Village Consultative Body has met the requirements for one of the BPD members based on women's representation, namely that of the nine management members of the Klapanunggal BPD there is one woman with a position as a member of the Village Administration and Community Development Sector. However, counseling or outreach to the community needs to be maximized regarding the meaning of gender equality and about women's representation in politics and government.

Representasi Kesetaraan Gender Pada Iklan Alfamart X GoPay #Kebahagiaankecil Untuk Kita Semua

Advertising media is one of the media that contributes to the process of socializing gender stereotypes in society. Nowadays, awareness of gender equality is increasing, advertising media can play a role in socializing the issue of gender equality as one of the realities that exist in society. Alfamart X GoPay advertisements was taken as the object of research to understand the description and meaning of gender equality through visuals and narratives with descriptive qualitative approaches and semiotic analysis. The result of the semiotic analysis on the advertisement is that men can play a dual role both in supporting the family economy and in the domestic sphere. Household work should be done by anyone, both men and women.

The Women’s Rights in Divorce and Gender Equality Discourse in The Dynamics of Divorce in Madura

This study investigates the dynamics of divorce in Madura and women's rights in divorce from a gender perspective. There are three main issues addressed in this study, those are the dynamics of divorce in Madura, women's rights in divorce, and gender equalities. This study is field research with a qualitative approach. The data used comes from primary data and secondary data. By conducting an in-depth analysis based on the sociological theory of gender, particularly Talcott Parson's theory of structural feminism, this study found some findings; firstly, the number of divorces, either from talaq divorce or judicial divorce, in Madura in the last five years has increased. This is because of the decline in ethics such as polygamy without the permission of the first wife, the low-income factor, the presence of a third party either due to parental interference or infidelity with other people, and disharmony due to disputes and differences of opinion; secondly, the number of divorce cases in Madura in the last five years has been dominated by judicial divorce rather than talaq divorce. In 2021, the percentage of judicial divorce compared to talaq divorce is around 73.04% to 26.96%, meanwhile, in 2020, this ratio was only 25.49% to 74.51%. Besides, in 2019, this was about 67.63% to 32.39%, in 2018 it reached 64.23% to 35.77%, and in 2017 it was about 67.18% to 2.82%; thirdly, the phenomenon of increasing divorce by law in Madura indicates that there has been a shift in perception among women about the meaning of divorce, as a response to the presence of legislation that provides room for legitimacy for women to file for divorce. In the perspective of contemporary feminism, the space for legitimacy contains the meaning of gender equality, and the patriarchal culture begins to collapse which has long been attached to the social system of the Madurese community.

The State in Feminist Theory: Hopes and a Critique of Governance Feminism

Contemporary feminist theory rarely engages with the discussion of political strategies and the issue of the state. Feminist philosophers tend to interpret the state as an omnipotent institution continuously governing women’s lives and bodies, while defining women as rather passive objects of state politics. The new global wave of feminist protests against domestic violence and sexual harassment that has erupted in the last four years inspired a new cycle of theoretical debates about the meaning of gender equality and the role of the state in the feminist liberation project. The increasing power of feminist movements coupled with new feminist attempts to infuence political institutions raise new questions about the dominant feminist political strategies and engagements with the state. How should feminist movements view the state? What does the state mean, and what role do women play in it? The article discusses the state as a major feminist theoretical issue. It argues that feminist thinkers and activists need to engage with state issues if we are to achieve such large scale and structural changes as gender equality, the end of female poverty, or abolition of unpaid reproductive labor. The paper reconstructs the political theory of carceral feminism, i.e., the dominant form of political feminism in today’s world, developed by Catherine A. Mackinnon’s reviewing its recent critique formulated by Janet Halley. It concludes by posing the question about other alternative and non-carceral forms of feminist governance.

The Role of Women Village Heads in Decision Making Process in Lembung Timur Village

The election of a female village head in Lembung Timur is part of the maturity of the village community of Lembung Timur in seeing the meaning of gender equality in village leadership concerning leadership, especially in the decision-making process. Is it true that the appearance of a female village head to lead the village will be part of the better or more effective village leadership, which will lead to the decision-making process? This study aims to describe the role of female village heads in the decision-making process in Lembung Timur village, Lenteng district. The research method uses descriptive qualitative methods by utilizing qualitative data with descriptive elaboration. This study shows that, mainly in the decision-making process, Mrs. Faizah, as the village head in carrying out her role (manifest function), is only limited to the data collection stage. It can be said that Faizah has carried out her manifest function effectively because, from each stage of the decision-making process, she was done independently. The constraints faced are the lack of ability and experience and the occurrence of gender bias. Qualitatively, this study shows that the latent role or function of women's leadership in decision-making is not practical because the latent function performed in each decision-making process is played by Faizah's parents, namely Mr. Abdul Latif. Therefore, it is needed relating to the ability, skill, courage in playing the latent function for female village heads to break the hegemony of decision-making control by Mrs. Faizah's parents.

Gender equality in domestic work and sickness absence - a population-based study on women and men in Sweden

ABSTRACT Division of domestic work by gender has been discussed as part of the explanation why women present a higher sickness absence rate than men. This study aimed to examine the association between gender equality in domestic work and sickness absence. Data from 2,609 co-habiting women and men (aged 19–64) collected in a general population in Sweden were used. Associations between different measures of gender equality in domestic work and numbers of sick-leave days were analyzed with logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, children, and paid work. Results show that women reported lower levels of gender equality than men did. Satisfaction with division of domestic work was in the final model associated with lower odds ratio (OR) for sickness absence in men irrespective of number of days. Work-family conflicts were associated with higher ORs for sickness absence in men, 1–7 sick-leave days (OR 1.51 (CI 1.04–2.18)), and in women, 8–30 days (OR 1.51 (1.00–2.33)). More knowledge on the meaning of gender equality in domestic work in relation to sickness absence for women and men are important for future prevention activities.

Memahami Hubungan Simbol Keseimbangan Gender dalam Rumah Adat dan Tindakan Masyarakat

Symbols can be used to give meaning to social behavior, especially in explaining the meaning of the symbol of the equality of life of a cultural community. This study aims to describe and analyze the symbolization and meaning of gender equality from the traditional culture house of the Umametan Lawalu community in Belu NTT. A descriptive qualitative study with a narrative approach was carried out through in-depth interview techniques and field obser­vations, then the data were analyzed using interpretative techniques. This study results in the finding that the traditional house does not only function as a place to live but as a cultural identity that is a condition with a symbol of social behavior. The symbol of equality can be shown from the great pillar found in the Umametan Lawalu traditional house in Belu NTT. Symbols at the poles teach people that women and men have the same role in the social and cultural public sphere, the relationship between men and women becomes an amplifier of social action with each other.

Contesting global gender equality norms: the case of Turkey

AbstractOver the past two decades, constructivist International Relations (IR) scholars have produced substantial knowledge on the diffusion and adoption of global norms, emphasising the role of Western norm entrepreneurs in constructing and promoting new norms to passive, generally non-Western, norm takers. An emergent literature on norm dynamics unsettles this narrative of linear progress, highlighting the agency of diverse actors, including the agency of non-Western norm entrepreneurs, in normative change. This article contributes to this recent norm research by exploring the normative agency of local actors in the Turkish context, who have actively engaged in normative contestation over the meaning of gender equality. More specifically, the article reveals the crucial role of a pro-government, conservative women's organisation in subverting global gender equality norms and in promoting a local norm of ‘gender justice’ as an alternative. The article furthers research on norm contestation by analysing the discursive strategies and justifications local norm makers have adopted in the Turkish context upon encountering norms that challenged their normative beliefs and practices. Finally, the article critically engages with postsecular feminism, highlighting the agency of a religiously informed, conservative women's organisation as a non-Western norm entrepreneur.

Norm appropriation through policy production: Rwanda’s gender policies

This article contributes to current debates on the role and agency of actors on the receiving end in norm diffusion processes, and explores the role of the Government of Rwanda in appropriating gender equality norms through policy production. It considers policy production as a central meaning-making activity in norm diffusion and applies a definition of appropriation as a discursive mechanism through which meaning is negotiated and constituted. Through an analysis of national policy documents on gender equality, it finds that appropriation occurs when the meaning of gender equality is altered to serve as a central feature in the construction of a ‘new’ Rwandan identity.

Raising women so as to make great their fall? An analysis of the treatment of inheritance in Ifa Lenkululeko

abstractCreative writers as agents of change are expected to play a role in raising social awareness on contemporary issues such as the importance of fairness when dealing with inheritance matters where women are concerned. This article analyses the novel Ifa Lenkululeko by Alpha Shange to bring to the fore the issue of empowering women and their fair treatment when it comes to the inheritance of departed husbands’ estates by their widows. The role of the legal system and African culture is explored to expose the pros and cons of the two respective systems in recognising women’s rights under the Constitution. This article argues that events in the novel depict a stubborn patriarchal system in South Africa where women’s unequal status is brought into question. The deferral to patriarchal custom in matters of inheritance is the central theme explored. It is evident through the novel’s treatment of African custom that the achievement of equal rights by women will involve not only standing up to discrimination in the courts, but women gaining knowledge of the law as it affects them, and that knowing their rights is necessary to exercise them as part of their empowerment as citizens, particularly in the sphere of personal and family relationships. The novel’s concern with the question of women’s right to inheritance serves to raise the meaning of gender equality in African communities.

Income Splitting and Gender Equality: The Case for Incentivizing Intra-Household Wealth Transfers

In all countries that use the individual as the basic unit of taxation, tax policy makers must contend with the problem of spousal income splitting and the dilemma it poses for gender equality. On the one hand income splitting opens a back door to joint taxation of couples, with its troubling labour market disincentives for second earners. Yet attempting to prevent this type of avoidance planning by ignoring inter-spousal transfers for tax purposes disrespects women’s individual agency over property to which they hold legal title, and may close off one source of economic power for those who do the bulk of unpaid work. This tax policy issue thus engages fundamental, normative debates about the meaning of gender equality and whether it is possible to enhance women’s access to markets while also valuing and compensating their unpaid contributions. The paper argues that a way through this dilemma is to differentiate between forms of income splitting that enhance the economic autonomy of a lower-earning spouse and those that entail no meaningful sharing of economic power but merely reduce tax for the transferor. While the former should be aggressively constrained, a gender-equality case can be made for more liberal treatment of genuine intra-household transfers, if combined with other measures that reduce the costs to second earners of entering paid labour. The paper criticizes recent Canadian reforms that expand the scope for notional income splitting, without demanding any real redistribution of underlying assets or income.

Gender discourses in an NGO education project: Openings for transformation toward gender equality in Bangladesh

This article seeks to illustrate how various actors participating in a non-governmental organization (NGO) education project in two Bangladeshi communities represent different framings of gender. Teachers, as critical actors in this education project, utilize multiple discourses of gender equality and when viewed in relation to community members’, parents’ and students’ ideas of gender equality, we argue their discursive practices can create spaces for transformation. The use of multiple discourses suggests that specific local adaptations of women in development (WID), gender and development (GAD), post-structural and rights and capabilities approaches may all be useful in the work toward gender justice as these approaches inform the different meanings of gender equality in the communities. We conclude that NGOs play a critical role in making micro-level changes in schools as well as have a broader impact on communities and national agendas by engaging different actors’ uses of gender equality discourses.

Community understandings of and responses to gender equality and empowerment in Rakai, Uganda

Women's rights and gender empowerment programmes are now part of the international agenda for improving global public health, the benefits of which are well documented. However, the public health community has, yet, to address how people define and understand gender equality and how they enact the process of empowerment in their lives. This study uses safe homes and respect for everyone (SHARE), an anti-violence intervention in rural Rakai, Uganda, as a case study to investigate perceptions of gender equality. Investigators analysed 12 focus groups of adult women and men to explore how macro-level concepts of gender equality are being processed on an interpersonal level and the effects on health outcomes. Respondents generally agreed that women lack basic rights. However, they also expressed widespread disagreement about the meanings of gender equality, and reported difficulties integrating the concepts of gender equality into their interpersonal relationships. Community members reported that equality, with the resulting shift in gender norms, could expose women to adverse consequences such as violence, infidelity and abandonment with increased sexual health risks, and potential adverse effects on education. Efforts to increase women's rights must occur in conjunction with community-based work on understandings of gender equality.

Translating international gender-equality institutional/legal texts

Drafting international institutional/legal texts is one of the most delicate instances of social writing, as it affects our lives at personal, social and collective levels. In an era in which full equality between the sexes is promoted, international legislative and political bodies are especially encouraged to remove any traces of racial, ethnic or sexual discrimination. In this paper my primary aim is to analyse how international gender-equality texts – carefully worded and crafted in English – are translated into Spanish, one of the world’s leading languages and one of the main doors to (international) effective gender equality. Gender-equality institutional texts are highly sensitive, and their translation is not simply a linguistic matter, but rather a socio-cultural and ideological issue. The Spanish versions may be the result, on the one hand, of ideological negotiation and compromise, and on the other hand, of personal struggle to come to terms with the meaning of gender equality. Translating international gender-equality texts is a privileged site to test the various meanings of gender across cultures.

New times and new vocabularies: Theorising and evaluating gender equality in Commonwealth higher education

Synopsis This article examines contrasting approaches to theorising and evaluating gender equality in higher education across the Commonwealth. The most common approach conceives gender equality as the inclusion of women in higher education. This perspective generally does not challenge the form of institutions, their power dynamics or epistemological frameworks. Critical approaches highlight gendered processes within institutions, often obscured by rhetoric and complex means of silencing. The capability approach of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, for example, explicitly advocates connections between aspirations for gender equality within higher education and wider social justice concerns. This approach requires a consideration of questions of gender equality within and beyond the institution pointing to the need for further work on a global ethics that deepens meanings of gender equality, higher education and Commonwealth.

Work/family reconciliation, equal opportunities and social policies: the interpretation of policy trajectories at the EU level and the meaning of gender equality

There have been major changes in the approach to policy-making in the fields of work/family reconciliation, equal opportunities and social policies at the EU level at the end of the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s. These fields have been historically closely connected, with a commitment to promoting gender equality marking all of them. However, interpretations of these shifts have been contested for each policy area. This article compares recent policy trajectories in the three fields in terms of ‘framing’ and ‘fit’. It concludes that while no unequivocally linear policy development can be identified in any of the fields, when they are taken together, it is possible to argue that gender equality has been framed more narrowly and more instrumentally than before. The slipperiness of policy meanings and the way in which this may serve to reshape policy priorities is something that has significance for policy development that goes beyond the sphere of gender equality.

Mobilization, Meanings and Measures: Reflections on girls' education

MDG3 on promoting gender equality and empowering women had a target for eliminating gender disparity in education by 2005. This target will be missed. Elaine Unterhalter highlights how, despite this failure, MDG3 has prompted a diverse discussion of meanings of gender equality and education, led to new ways for popular mobilization to articulate with UN institutions and prompted reassessment of the forms of measurement used to assess progress on this MDG. While these achievements need to be set in a context of the exclusion of certain key groups like teachers from these deliberations they indicate some elements of success on a constrained agenda.

Foreword: The Meaning of Gender Equality in Criminal Law

Foreword: The Meaning of Gender Equality in Criminal Law