Meaning Of Word Research Articles

ANALISIS UNSUR PENGIMAJIAN PADA PUISI “DI NEGERI AMPLOP” KARYA MUSTOFA BISRI

Mustofa Bisri's poems are known as polite, grammatical and subtle. With an arrangement of structures that form a series of beautiful and meaningful words. Apart from having high aesthetics and being full of meaning to be expressed to the reader, this poem is also an outpouring of the author's heart through its building blocks, namely the physical structure and inner structure. Each poem contains a message which is the result of the author's expression and creativity. This research will examine the elements of imagery contained in the poem "Di Negeri Envelope" by Musthofa Bisri. The method used in this research is the qualitative descriptive method. The results of the research show that the imagery elements in the poem 'Di Negeri Envelope' by Musthofa Bisri include visual images, auditory images and tactile images.

Importance of Nano-Sized Feed Additives in Animal Nutrition

"Nano", which derives from the Latin word nanus and means dwarf, refers to a very small unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology, which deals with the manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular level, has an application area in animal husbandry as well as in many fields. Nano-sized feed additives, which have come to the forefront in the livestock sector in recent years, have become an innovative application used to increase the nutritional value of feeds and optimize animal health and performance. Since these additives are nano-sized particles with increased specific surface area, they can have a positive effect on a number of factors such as digestibility, nutrient absorption, immune system, growth and development. Minerals in the form of nanoparticles used as feed additives can increase bioavailability by passing through the intestinal wall to body cells faster compared to larger particles. The nano level of the substance not only increases the productivity of animals, but also brings the potential to improve the functionality of feed molecules. Nano feed additives increase the digestion and absorption of feed, allowing animals to benefit from feed more effectively. However, there are several challenges associated with this approach. These include the potential for endotoxin production, reduced nutrient absorption due to interaction with natural nutrients, the possibility of nanoparticle accumulation in the animal body, health risks, ethical considerations, environmental concerns and some negative effects such as interference with natural nutrients that can be avoided by encapsulation. This article discusses recent studies on nano-sized feed additives that offer potential benefits in animal nutrition.

Chatbot Building with BERT for E-Commerce

Abstract: Building a chatbot powered by BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transform-ers) involves leveraging its pre-trained language understanding abilities to create an interface that mimics human conversation. Developed by Google, BERT marks a significant advancement in natural language processing (NLP), showcasing remarkable performance across a range of tasks. In the era of increasing artificial intelligence (AI) adoption, chatbots have emerged as crucial tools for engaging users, particularly on mobile platforms where they adapt to different contexts and communication modes, including text and voice. BERT's bidirectional architecture allows it to grasp word meanings within their surrounding context, thanks to its extensive pre-training on vast textual datasets. Fine-tuning BERT for chatbot applications involves training it on a dataset containing user queries paired with suitable responses, with annotations indicating response appropriateness. Tokenization, a crucial preprocessing step, involves breaking down sentences into smaller tokens to aid BERT's processing efficiency. The chatbot architecture integrates BERT, potentially incorporating additional layers to enhance context understanding and response generation. Following this, the model undergoes training using fine-tuned BERT on the prepared dataset, with adjustments made to hyperparameters for optimal performance. Evaluation of the chatbot typically involves testing it on a validation set or through interactive sessions to assess its effectiveness. Any necessary refinements to the architecture or finetuning process are guided by performance analysis. Ultimately, deploying the chatbot involves seamless integration into realworld platforms such as web or mobile applications, enabling smooth interaction between users and the chatbot across various scenarios, all while prioritizing originality and integrity in the development process.

ВАН КЫРГЫЗ КОШОКТОРУНДАГЫ ҮНСҮЗДӨРДҮН ФОНОСТАТИСТИКАСЫ

The article is devoted to the phonostatistical analysis of the language of the Kyrgyz tribes who emigrated from the Small Pamir to Turkey and settled in the Van district, for which S. Kaipov's work "Lamentations of the Pamir Kyrgyz living in Turkey", published in 2015, is used. The article examines the phonostatistics of consonants used in the texts of lamentations at the level of common and distinctive features, the text of lamentations is compared with the text of the epic "Manas" on the variant of Zhusup Mamai from this phonostatistical point of view, common features and differences in them are revealed. In the phonetic structure of the Van Kyrgyz language, the meaning of words and parts of speech is loaded semiotically, it is noted that the composition of consonants bearing meaning in the language is fully compatible with the Kyrgyz literary language, at the same time, along with the similarity in the use of consonants in the text of lamentations and the text of the epic "Manas", their differences are identified and interpreted.

텍스트마이닝을 활용한 조직핵심인재 역량에 대한 직장인들의 인식

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the competencies of organizational core talents as perceived by employees. To achieve this, interviews and survey questions were created through a review of prior research, using both structured and unstructured questions. Subsequently, data from 134 employees, excluding insincere respondents, were collected through offline interviews and online surveys. The analysis utilized text mining techniques, a big data analysis method, and was conducted by converting descriptive response content into text files using R 4.3.2. The research methodology began with a keyword frequency analysis, followed by visualization through cloud analysis. Then, a keyword difference analysis between organization sizes was conducted using TF-IDF weight comparison, and meaningful word pairs were extracted and categorized through N-gram semantic network analysis, with interview content provided as examples. The results revealed that employees perceive the core competencies of core talents to include problem-solving abilities, critical thinking skills, creativity, and communication skills, recognizing their contribution to project execution and work tasks. Based on these findings, the study discusses its significance, implications, limitations, and directions for future research.

Learning Disabilities and Epilepsy: About a Clinical Case

Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is an epilepsy syndrome of childhood, characterized by auditory verbal agnosia and severe electroencephalographic abnormalities. It happens between 3-7 years of age, 20% without seizures. A 6-years-old boy, with normal psychomotor development, who begins to experience difficulties in understanding the meaning of words, sometimes with incoherent speech and writing difficulties (irregular handwriting, spelling mistakes). Neurological evaluation showed loss of comprehensive language with auditory verbal agnosia, difficulties in fine motor skills and in graphomotor coordination. After clinical suspicion, the diagnosis of SLK was confirmed by night video-electroencephalogram (EEG): abundant paroxysmal activity of bilateral and independent fronto-center-temporal spikes and spike-wave activity, with an almost continuous exacerbation during sleep. Initially treated with valproate and clobazam, without improvement, he started prednisolone, with improvement in language, writing and normalization of the EEG. Knowledge of this syndrome is important for differential diagnosis with other neurological disorders, especially learning difficulties.

Ochrona interesów małoletnich w prawie rodzinnym na przykładzie obowiązku alimentacyjnego

Parents are liable to alimony for the child since its birth until attaining the age of financial independence. It is a legal responsibility imposed by the law-giver in an act imposed on February 25, 1964 of Family and Guardianship Code. The word “alimony” comes from Latin word alimentum and means “eatables”. It is a family law attitude which is based on providing not only means of support but also correction, providing housing, maintenance, clothing and healing as well as meeting cultural needs. This legal institution is very complex and rigorously settled. Its main objective is child welfare, which is a superior value among others. It is to provide being for the weakest and incapable people. For those, who are not able to fulfill their most essential needs without the help of immediate family. Alimony obligation is necessary for the society to function properly. What is important is the fact the obligation concerns not only underage, however, in the following article I am going to limit my thoughts to child alimony issues only.

Идея Преображения в русской литературе XX века

The article presents the idea of Transfiguration expressed and fixed in the semantic potential of language, sign and symbol as the initial, fundamental idea of Russian literature. The tasks solved in this article were formed under the influence of research in the field of the semantic potential of language, which is revealed to its speakers in specific historical and cultural realities. In particular, the connection between the peculiarities of national consciousness and the lexical meanings of such words that have no direct analogues in other languages (“svet”, “mir”, “pravda”, “volya”), i.e. create very specific meanings that speakers of other languages cannot recognize as such. These meanings form the spiritual foundation of the national character. The analysis of the contextual meanings ofthese words forms the basis of the presented work and leads to the conclusion that they form a semantic unity, including at the level of the idea of the Transfiguration of man and the world, which is central to Russian culture and literature. The analysis of the idea of spiritual transformation of man in Russian literature of the XX century is carried out on the basis of representation of semantic-semantic models of the artistic worlds of works by I. Shmelev, V. Shukshin, A. and B. Strugatsky works, including the concepts of the idea of Transfiguration. The writers lead their characters through different paths to inner transformation, and the transforming components are always personified. In I. Shmelev’s work, the vector of transformation is formed by the concepts “soul – faith – miracle – heart / heart’s look – peace – truth – freedom – light / light / to shine”. In the work of V. Shukshin – “soul – conscience – peace – peacefulness – humility – truth / justice – clarity – light / bright / shine – will / freedom”. In the work of A. and B. Strugatsky – “light / shines / dawn – miracle / miracles – will / will barrier – world / world – hope – truth / half-truth – gift – happiness / happy –soul”. The degree of the hero’s approach to the world, light, truth is different, it is set, among other things, through the quantitative saturation of conceptually significant words in the work and through their correlation with the concepts-antagonists. Thus, an individual vector of movement of the human soul, aspiring to the acquisition of new higher meanings, is formed. At the same time, the unifying component for them is the intense inner work, which is continuously conducted by writers and their characters.

PROJECT SAVE: AS A STRATEGY IN IMPROVING LITERACY THROUGH VOCABULARY INTEGRATION AMONG GRADE 8 LEARNERS

This study aimed to investigate if the vocabulary integration before discussion will be effective in improving literacy level of Grade 8 learners. Specifically, it answered the following research questions: (1) What is the level of the participants performance in the pre-test? (2) What is the level of the participants performance in the post test? (3) Is there a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the participants before and after the implementation of the vocabulary integration? (4) Based on the findings, what actions can be planned and implemented to improve the participants literacy level. The participants were 2 groups of Grade 8 learners. They were selected through purposive sampling which entails that the following criteria were met: (1) Grade 8 group of students with the least average in MPS in MELC number one which is Determine the meaning of words and expressions that reflect the local culture by noting context clues. (2) Most members of the class are struggling reader based on Phil-Iri result S.Y 2022-2023. A teacher-made pre-test was administered before presenting this proposed strategy, followed by a posttest after its utilization. Mean (M) and Standard Deviation (SD) were utilized to determine the level of students performance in scaling before and after applying Project SAVE. To determine the significant difference of students literacy level before and after applying Project SAVE, T- test for two dependent means (paired t-test) was used. The results showed that out of 83 students no one got excellent score, 14 very satisfactory and 34 satisfactory score on pretest as compared to posttest, 34 learners achieved excellent score, 35 very satisfactory and 13 satisfactory. The mean score increased significantly from satisfactory to very satisfactory, as well as the standard deviation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of Project SAVE using SIM has a positive impact on the learners literacy level. Thus, it is recommended for other Grade 8 learners and or other Grade levels. KEYWORDS: Project SAVE; Strategy for Learners Literacy Improvement.

Exploring Pragmatics: Uncovering the Layers of Language and Meaning

The dynamic interaction of pragmatics, semantics, and culture in language understanding and communication is examined in this narrative review. The review emphasizes how pragmatics and semantics provide complementary viewpoints on language meaning, drawing on current findings in linguistics and communication studies. Semantics concentrates on the exact meanings of words, but pragmatics takes speaker intent and context into account. Comprehending both improves meaning interpretation and communication. The research also highlights how culture influences, how language is used and understood, especially when it comes to nonverbal cues like humor and manners. Language is used to communicate and understand emotions, and this is influenced by cultural quirks. The results highlight how crucial it is to take cultural background, emotional expression, and context into account when developing language instruction and communication approaches. The study ends with recommendations for future research, such as cross-cultural comparison studies, language change monitoring longitudinal studies, and examinations of how language usage is affected by digital platforms. This review advances pragmatics knowledge, which leads to more successful communication techniques in a variety of settings.

Keistimewaan Bahasa Arab Dan Tantangan Pengajarannya

Each language has its own specialties and characteristics, including Arabic which has its own specialties and characteristics that are not found in other languages, including derivation of words, i'rab, wide range of places where sound comes out, the existence of fa'il which is directly attached to fi'il and breadth of vocabulary. Even though Arabic has many advantages, in reality it is a challenge for teachers in teaching it, including the many nahwu rules, the existence of i'rab, fontetic problems, limited contemporary dictionaries and lack of ability to use them as well as the many different meanings of words. different. Therefore, this research aims to find solutions to overcome these teaching challenges. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with descriptive analysis which aims to determine the existence of the features of the Arabic language and the challenges of teaching it according to modern linguists. The results of this research, to face these challenges, Arabic language teachers should be able to simplify and update the teaching of rules by choosing material that is more important for students, asking students to get used to using dictionaries, and increasing listening and speaking training.

Quantum Interference Model for Semantic Biases of Glosses in Word Sense Disambiguation

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) aims to determine the meaning of the target word according to the given context. Currently, a single representation enhanced by glosses from different dictionaries or languages is used to characterize each word sense. By analyzing the similarity between glosses of the same word sense, we find semantic biases among them, revealing that the glosses have their own descriptive perspectives. Therefore, the traditional approach of integrating all glosses by a single representation results in failing to present the unique semantics revealed by the individual glosses. In this paper, a quantum superposition state is employed to formalize the representations of multiple glosses of the same word sense to reveal their distributions. Furthermore, the quantum interference model is leveraged to calculate the probability that the target word belongs to this superposition state. The advantage is that the interference term can be regarded as a confidence level to guide word sense recognition. Finally, experiments are performed under standard WSD evaluation framework and the latest cross-lingual datasets, and the results verify the effectiveness of our model.

Multi-Region Text-Driven Manipulation of Diffusion Imagery

Text-guided image manipulation has attracted significant attention recently. Prevailing techniques concentrate on image attribute editing for individual objects, however, encountering challenges when it comes to multi-object editing. The main reason is the lack of consistency constraints on the spatial layout. This work presents a multi-region guided image manipulation framework, enabling manipulation through region-level textual prompts. With MultiDiffusion as a baseline, we are dedicated to the automatic generation of a rational multi-object spatial distribution, where disparate regions are fused as a unified entity. To mitigate interference from regional fusion, we employ an off-the-shelf model (CLIP) to impose region-aware spatial guidance on multi-object manipulation. Moreover, when applied to the StableDiffusion, the presence of quality-related yet object-agnostic lengthy words hampers the manipulation. To ensure focus on meaningful object-specific words for efficient guidance and generation, we introduce a keyword selection method. Furthermore, we demonstrate a downstream application of our method for multi-region inversion, which is tailored for manipulating multiple objects in real images. Our approach, compatible with variants of Stable Diffusion models, is readily applicable for manipulating diverse objects in extensive images with high-quality generation, showing superb image control capabilities. Code is available at https://github.com/liyiming09/multi-region-guided-diffusion.

Young children and adults use reasoning by exclusion rather than attraction to novelty to disambiguate novel word meanings.

Upon hearing a novel label, listeners tend to assume that it refers to a novel, rather than a familiar object. While this disambiguation or mutual exclusivity (ME) effect has been robustly shown across development, it is unclear what it involves. Do listeners use their pragmatic and lexical knowledge to exclude the familiar object and thus select the novel one? Or is the effect, at least in early childhood, simply based on an attraction to novelty and a direct mapping of the novel label to a novel object? In a preregistered online study with 2- to 3-year-olds (n = 75) and adults (n = 112), we examined (a) whether relative object novelty alone (without pragmatic or lexical information) could account for participants' disambiguation and (b) whether participants' decision processes involved reasoning by exclusion. Participants encountered either a known and an unknown object (classic ME condition) or two unknown objects, one completely novel and one preexposed (novelty condition) as potential referents of a novel label. Reasoning by exclusion was assessed by children's looking patterns and adults' explanations. In the classic ME condition, children and adults significantly chose the novel object and both used reasoning by exclusion. In contrast, in the novelty condition, children and adults chose randomly. Across conditions, a retention test revealed that adults remembered their prior selections, while children's performance was fragile. These results suggest that referent disambiguation is not based on relative object novelty alone. Instead, to resolve referential ambiguity, both young children and adults seem to make use of pragmatic and/or lexical sources of information and to engage in reasoning by exclusion strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Call combination in African forest elephants Loxodonta cyclotis.

Syntax, the combination of meaning-devoid phonemes into meaningful words, which in turn are combined in structurally and semantically complex sentences, is fundamental to the unlimited expressiveness of human languages. Studying the functions of call combinations in non-human species provides insights into the evolution of such syntactic capabilities. Here, we investigated the combination of high amplitude broadband calls with low frequency rumble vocalizations in a highly social species, the African forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis. Rumbles play an integral role in coordinating social interactions by transmitting socially relevant information, including individual identity. By contrast, broadband calls, such as roars, are thought to function as signals of distress and urgency as they are typically produced in situations of high emotional intensity. Functional changes associated with the combination of these calls remain little understood. We found that call combinations were produced by all age-sex classes but were most prevalent in immature individuals. We found that rumbles used singularly occurred in all five investigated social contexts, whereas single broadband calls were restricted to two resource-related contexts. Call combinations also occurred in all five contexts, suggesting an increase in the functional use of broadband calls when combined with rumbles, analogous to the generativity brought about through syntax in human speech. Moreover, combining calls appeared to lead to functional shifts towards high-stake contexts. Call combinations were more likely in competition contexts compared to single rumbles, and more likely in separation contexts compared to single broadband calls. We suggest that call combination in forest elephants may aide to reduce message ambiguity in high-stake situation by simultaneously communicating distress and individual identity, which may be critical to secure access to resources, reduce the risk of injury and to reunite with or recruit the support of the family group.

Rumour: A Lexicographical Description of the Word Meaning From Evidentiality Perspective

Current media studies as well as the analysis of social interaction put forward the notion of rumours playing a significant role in human communication and making it a full-fledged object of linguistic analysis. The article is devoted to the description and unification of the lexicographical meaning of the word ‘rumour’ which is basic for indirect knowledge transmission. The proposed research perspective is preconditioned by the interest in uncertain knowledge and informal communication practices including such phenomena as rumors, gossip, etc., inherent in professional communication, as well as in the category of evidentiality. The empirical material comprises dictionary interpretations, the inconsistency of which stipulated the application of the ideas of lexical semantics. Componential analysis is chosen as the main method to define meanings. As a result, the polysemy of the word under study has been exposed, with its structure including five lexico-semantic variants with different types of relations. The invariant set of ‘without confirmation’, ‘uncertain origin’, ‘questionable accuracy’ components in the structure of the meanings indicates that there is a direct connection of the word semantics with the linguistic categories of evidentiality and epistemic modality. The analysis shows that when interpreting the values obtained, the concept of evidence as a source of information has an explanatory potential, the crucial factor being its distinct classification in terms of levels. The extensive typology of reportive evidentials enables to define the central meaning of the word ‘rumour’ as information characterized as transmitted knowledge, realized through informal statements, categorized as a proper reportative marked by the third level of evidence. The core ‘questionable accuracy’ seme testifies to the correlation of the reportative evidential value and the epistemic evaluation of the acquired knowledge which manifests itself in the fact that indirect mediated access to information potentiates its qualification as lacking confirmation.

Suffixes with agent meaning “-er” and “-or” and their etymology

The article describes suffixation of English noun, etymological characteristics of suffix “-er” and “-or”, the description of its meaning, combinability of the suffixes with the other stems. Affixes can be treated as a way to enlarge the word stock of any language. Suffixes play a great role in the benefication of the vocabulary, they can change not only the word meaning but also the fact that it belongs to another part of speech. Etymology reveals the origin of the suffix, its correlation to the other suffixes from relative languages. The word meanings can be changed with time, and this phenomenon also differentiates the suffixes and their meaning. As an example the two noun-forming suffixes were taken for a research.

The effectiveness of Grade 3 teachers’ implementation of poetry through play pedagogies

Background: Poetry predates all other genres of literature, and it has been argued that the relationship between poetry and language is inextricable. The ability of African people to articulate their own stories was largely silenced by colonialism. Poems and lyrics have been known to create a bridge between individuals in meaningful words and songs.Aim: This article explores Grade 3 teachers’ experiences of teaching poetry and their utilisation of play pedagogies to enhance learning and make it pleasurable.Setting: Three schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, were purposively selected because of their rural location. The sample comprised six Grade 3 teachers who worked in these three rural primary schools. The learners in the study were using isiZulu as a language of learning and teaching.Methods: Semi-structured interviews, document analysis and non-participant observations were employed to generate the data.Results: Regardless, Grade 1 teachers know their knowledge of the value of play pedagogies in the development of young children.Conclusion: Researchers suggest that Grade 3 teachers need to align their practice and lesson plans with Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) proposals and guidelines. Moreover, play pedagogies need to be implemented and these need to be realistically aligned with allocated time frames and available resources to mitigate the severe restraints that impede effective poetry teaching as a tool for facilitating learning.Contribution: To ensure the success of all Grade 3 learners in the realm of poetry understanding and writing, it is imperative that Foundation Phase (FP) teachers align their teaching to the CAPS pedagogies to expose learners to various forms of poetry.

Some ways of teaching vocabulary to adult learners

Learning and teaching vocabulary is an important part of foreign language learning. The meanings of new words are very frequently emphasized, whether in books or verbal communication. There are a lot of definitions of what vocabulary is. But vocabulary is not as simple as that. It does not only mean understanding the definition of single words or collocations but it also requires the knowledge of how words fit into context. Different ways of teaching language are used in various courses. Concerning that variety, there is a wide choice of teaching methods (concrete techniques) that can be used for various purposes. Some of them would work with beginners some with advanced students.

Ugliness as a Prototype Category: Cognitive-and-Semantic Analysis

The study proposes a cognitive-and-semantic approach to the study of the category ‘urodstvo’ (‘ugliness’). This approach allowed, using a component analysis of the meanings of words - denote main lexical representatives of the category of ugliness in the Russian language, and establish a set of features of the category relevant to the basic level. Several prototypical features of ugliness have been identified: ‘the carrier of the feature is a living organism (human, animal, plant)’; ‘abnormality in the structure’; ‘innate abnormality’; ‘its physical (anatomical) character’. An exemplary representative of a category has all the prototypical features in contrast to non-exemplary representatives. Blurring of prototypical features in non-ideal representatives of the category is carried out in the process of development and expansion of the semantics of the words urodstvo (‘ugliness’), bezobraziye (‘deformity’), nekrassivost’ (‘unattractiveness’) in Russian.