Mean Reading Research Articles

Diagnostic Accuracy for Acute Rib Fractures: A Cross-sectional Study Utilizing Automatic Rib Unfolding and 3D Volume-Rendered Reformation

The aim of this study was to compare the use of computed tomography (CT) with automatic rib unfolding and three-dimensional (3D) volume-rendered imaging in the detection and characterization of rib fractures and flail chest. A total of 130 patients with blunt chest trauma underwent whole-body CT, and five independent readers assessed the presence and characterization of rib fractures using traditional CT images, automatic rib unfolding, and 3D volume-rendered images in separate readout sessions at least 2weeks apart. A gold standard was established by consensus among the readers based on the combined analysis of conventional and reformatted images. Automatic rib unfolding significantly reduced mean reading time by 47.5%-74.9% (P<0.0001) while maintaining a comparable diagnostic performance for rib fractures (positive predictive value [PPV] of 82.1%-93.5%, negative predictive value [NPV] of 96.8%-98.2%, and 69.4%-94.2% and 96.9%-99.1% for conventional axial images and 70.4%-85.1% and 95.2%-96.6% for 3D images) and better interobserver agreement (kappa of 0.74-0.87). For flail chest, automatic rib unfolding showed a PPV of 85.7%-100%, NPV of 90.4%-99.0%, and 80.0%-100% and 89.7%-100% for conventional axial images and 76.9%-100% and 89.0%-92.1% for 3D images. Automatic rib unfolding demonstrated equivalent diagnostic performance to conventional images in detecting acute rib fractures and flail chest, with good interobserver agreement and time-saving benefits.

Capsule endoscopy with artificial intelligence-assisted technology: Real-world usage of a validated AI model for capsule image review.

Background and study aims Capsule endoscopy is a time-consuming procedure with a significance error rate. Artificial intelligence (AI) can potentially reduce reading time significantly by reducing the number of images that need human review. An OMOM Artificial Intelligence-enabled small bowel capsule has been recently trained and validated for small bowel capsule endoscopy video review. This study aimed to assess its performance in a real-world setting in comparison with standard reading methods. Patients and methods In this single-center retrospective study, 40 patient studies performed using the OMOM capsule were analyzed first with standard reading methods and later using AI-assisted reading. Reading time, pathology identified, intestinal landmark identification and bowel preparation assessment (Brotz Score) were compared. Results Overall diagnosis correlated 100% between the two reading methods. In a per-lesion analysis, 1293 images of significant lesions were identified combining standard and AI-assisted reading methods. AI-assisted reading captured 1268 (98.1%, 95% CI 97.15-98.7) of these findings while standard reading mode captured 1114 (86.2%, 95% confidence interval 84.2-87.9), P < 0.001. Mean reading time went from 29.7 minutes with standard reading to 2.3 minutes with AI-assisted reading ( P < 0.001), for an average time saving of 27.4 minutes per study. Time of first cecal image showed a wide discrepancy between AI and standard reading of 99.2 minutes (r = 0.085, P = 0.68). Bowel cleansing evaluation agreed in 97.4% (r = 0.805 P < 0.001). Conclusions AI-assisted reading has shown significant time savings without reducing sensitivity in this study. Limitations remain in the evaluation of other indicators.

External validation of deep learning-based automated detection algorithm for chest radiograph: practical issues in outpatient clinic.

There have been no reports on diagnostic performance of deep learning-based automated detection (DLAD) for thoracic diseases in real-world outpatient clinic. To validate DLAD for use at an outpatient clinic and analyze the interpretation time for chest radiographs. This is a retrospective single-center study. From 18 January 2021 to 18 February 2021, 205 chest radiographs with DLAD and paired chest CT from 205 individuals (107 men and 98 women; mean ± SD age: 63 ± 8 years) from an outpatient clinic were analyzed for external validation and observer performance. Two radiologists independently reviewed the chest radiographs by referring to the paired chest CT and made reference standards. Two pulmonologists and two thoracic radiologists participated in observer performance tests, and the total amount of time taken during the test was measured. The performance of DLAD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.920) was significantly higher than that of pulmonologists (AUC = 0.756) and radiologists (AUC = 0.782) without assistance of DLAD. With help of DLAD, the AUCs were significantly higher for both groups (pulmonologists AUC = 0.853; radiologists AUC = 0.854). A greater than 50% decrease in mean interpretation time was observed in the pulmonologist group with assistance of DLAD compared to mean reading time without aid of DLAD (from 67s per case to 30s per case). No significant difference was observed in the radiologist group (from 61s per case to 61s per case). DLAD demonstrated good performance in interpreting chest radiographs of patients at an outpatient clinic, and was especially helpful for pulmonologists in improving performance.

Filling in the blank: towards a semiotic account of poetry translation

Abstract Poetry is often seen as the ultimate challenge for a literary translator. Why it is so and how in reality translators manage to accomplish this feat remain to be explored. This article contributes a new way of understanding poetry translation by re-theorizing the practice with reference to the concept of blank-sign. In the light of the blank-sign, we see poetry as a genre rich with meaning-charged blank-signs and poetry translation as a “blank-filling” endeavour to seek relevance for the poem in the target sociocultural context while craftily leaving its overall poetic “blankness” intact for meaningful reading and contemplation. We illustrate this idea with the Spanish translation of two contemporary Chinese poems, with a focus on discussing the challenges with regard to communicating the culture-laden images and the intertextual connections in the original poem. Based on our preliminary findings, we highlight the value of the study of blank-signs in poetry translation and the need for translators to draw insights from cross-linguistic analysis to inform their practice. This semiotic account offers insights into how poetry translation can be alternatively conceptualised and has implications for practitioners involved in poetry and translation.

Optimization of Innovative Teaching Model of College English Reading Based on Perceptual Machine Model

Abstract Reading is an essential part of English learning and one of the basic elements of language proficiency. This paper proposes a joint analysis model based on multilayer perceptron, which uses an LSTM network model suitable for text processing. Using the BiLSTM network can obtain all the contexts before and after the current word and avoid the problems of gradient disappearance and gradient explosion that exist in ordinary recurrent neural networks. Two multilayer perceptrons are used, one for predicting lexical annotations and the other for predicting the relationship types of dependency arcs, and the model accuracy is further improved by continuously optimizing the parameters in the model. The English corpus is divided into a training set and a test set, and the prediction rate of the model in this paper reaches 96.02% in the English corpus. To test the effectiveness of this method for college English reading instruction, this model was implemented in the experimental class, while the traditional PWP teaching model was still used in the control class. The mean reading post-test score of the experimental class was 31.54, and the mean post-test score of the control class was 26.35. The mean reading post-test score of the experimental class was 7.7 points higher than the mean score of the pre-test. Therefore, the method in this paper is effective in teaching English reading and can improve college students’ reading performance.

Exploring a contemporary picturebook with young readers in the foundation phase

Background: Given the ongoing literacy crisis in South Africa, there is a need for teachers, as well as teacher education programmes, to explore various means to enable learners to develop reading comprehension. This study sought to examine the intricacies of a series of small group literacy activities that hinged on the in-depth and repeated engagement with a contemporary picturebook. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate whether children can develop an affinity for these books.Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the ways young readers engage with a contemporary picturebook by way of their oral and painted responses.Setting: The study was a qualitative case study, which took place at an urban public school in the Northern Suburbs of Johannesburg.Methods: The research design followed that of a case study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews during two paired readings, as well as a focus group discussion (FGD). Additional data were collected through children’s painted artefacts and their subsequent individual interviews on these paintings.Results: The findings indicate that learners initially had superficial verbal engagements with the picturebook, which was complemented by more creative responses on further readings. Another finding was that the facilitation by the researcher and the interaction with peers improved the learners’ depth of engagement. Lastly, the learners’ initial basic descriptions of what was visible was complemented by a more nuanced appreciation of the aesthetic features of the picturebook.Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is concluded that full depth of picturebooks and their affordances in classroom literacy programmes be introduced in detail to pre-service and in-service teachers in order to foster rich and meaningful reading experiences for learners.Contributions: This research functions to contribute to the limited body of literature surrounding children’s reading experiences of picturebooks and overall learning specifically in South Africa.

The constitutional and legal value of the state’s obligations to ensure freedom of entrepreneurial activity

The article analyzes the constitutional and legal significance and value of the state’s obligations to ensure freedom of entrepreneurial activity, and determines their vector orientation in the state’s economy.It was determined that the Constitution of Ukraine in Section I regulated the most important duties of the state, however, the specificity of their meaningful reading is often revealed through the prism of ensuring the corresponding rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, because the person it is who is the highest social value. The constitutional recognition of a person as the highest social value means that the state cannot put on any other social institutions and phenomena above a person. It was established that the constitutional duty of the state corresponds to the right of citizens to demand from the state protection and guarantees of constitutional values and benefits, one of which is freedom of entrepreneurship.&#x0D; It was concluded that the normalization of the duties of the state in the text of the Constitution of Ukraine, the chapters of which form the basis of the constitutional system of our state (chapters I, III, XIII) acts as a guarantee of the impossibility of their cancellation by the state itself, instead, it forces it to organize its activities so that practical support these duties had the most favorable influence in the context of creating the proper conditions for the realization of human rights and freedoms.The social value of the state’s constitutional duties in the sphere of economic relations is also seen in the fact that their constitutional consolidation is designed to force the state to «work» in the national economic interests, to create proper working conditions and jobs, to promote free and fair competition in the economic sphere, material providing for members of society, systematically ensuring their full and unimpeded realization of their entrepreneurial skills, developing a competitive economy. It was determined that in order to ensure the freedom of entrepreneurial activity, the state should exert influence on economic relations, but such influence should be moderate, because economic relations are closely related to the «laws» of economic nature, which are not subject to the imperative will of the state.

Mammographic Breast Density Model Using Semi-Supervised Learning Reduces Inter-/Intra-Reader Variability.

Breast density is an important risk factor for breast cancer development; however, imager inconsistency in density reporting can lead to patient and clinician confusion. A deep learning (DL) model for mammographic density grading was examined in a retrospective multi-reader multi-case study consisting of 928 image pairs and assessed for impact on inter- and intra-reader variability and reading time. Seven readers assigned density categories to the images, then re-read the test set aided by the model after a 4-week washout. To measure intra-reader agreement, 100 image pairs were blindly double read in both sessions. Linear Cohen Kappa (κ) and Student's t-test were used to assess the model and reader performance. The model achieved a κ of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.89) for four-class density assessment and a κ of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.93) for binary non-dense/dense assessment. Superiority tests showed significant reduction in inter-reader variability (κ improved from 0.70 to 0.88, p ≤ 0.001) and intra-reader variability (κ improved from 0.83 to 0.95, p ≤ 0.01) for four-class density, and significant reduction in inter-reader variability (κ improved from 0.77 to 0.96, p ≤ 0.001) and intra-reader variability (κ improved from 0.89 to 0.97, p ≤ 0.01) for binary non-dense/dense assessment when aided by DL. The average reader mean reading time per image pair also decreased by 30%, 0.86 s (95% CI: 0.01, 1.71), with six of seven readers having reading time reductions.

Theory of Change and Theory of Education: Pedagogic and Curriculum Defects in Early Grade Reading Interventions in South Africa

Much of the field of educational change has focused on better understanding the theory of change, that is, what knowledge is needed to make substantial educational change, particularly improvement to learning outcomes at scale. This article suggests that the South African early grade reading study community may have been looking in the wrong place. The search for the optimal theory of change or theory of action is obviously very important, but could it not be that a key part of the problem is defects in our theory of education? It is argued that there may be something educationally unsound in certain aspects of the official pedagogy and curriculum. As such, the South African education system is unlikely to make much progress towards the goal of getting children to read for meaning by the time they are 10 years old if these defects are not addressed. To illustrate this argument, the article points to data from two examples in South African education policies on pedagogy and curriculum: the first relates to the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) Foundation Phase document’s under-specification and weak guidance with reference to the teaching of phonics with linked decodable texts; the second concerns the CAPS document’s privileging of an unworkable reading teaching methodology called Group Guided Reading. The article concludes that to achieve real knowledge breakthroughs, university academics working alongside researchers in government need to develop rigorous research programmes aimed at improving foundational learning outcomes.

Artificial intelligence chatbot performance in triage of ophthalmic conditions

ContexteIl n'est pas toujours possible d'avoir accès à un expert humain lorsque vient le temps de réaliser un triage à la fois abordable et efficace des affections ophtalmiques. Grâce aux progrès récents des robots conversationnels (chatbots) d'intelligence artificielle (IA) accessibles au public, tous peuvent maintenant utiliser ces outils pour réaliser un triage de leurs affections ophtalmiques. Il devient donc nécessaire de mener des études de validation pour évaluer l'efficacité des robots d'IA utilisés en tant qu'outil de triage et aviser le grand public de leur innocuité. ObjectifÉvaluer l'efficacité des robots d'IA pour réaliser un triage des affections ophtalmiques. NatureÉtude transversale. CadreÉtablissement unique. ParticipantsÉtudiants en ophtalmologie et 3 robots conversationnels : les interfaces OpenAI ChatGPT (GPT-4) et Bing Chat, et l'application WebMD Symptom Checker. MéthodesEn mars 2023, on a mis au point 44 vignettes cliniques portant sur des troubles ophtalmologiques fréquents de même que des messages-guides standardisés, que l'on a présentés à chaque robot conversationnel. Les paramètres principaux consistaient en la proportion de réponses qui faisaient ressortir le bon diagnostic inscrit parmi les 3 diagnostics les plus plausibles et la proportion de cas dont le degré d'urgence a été jugé de manière adéquate. Parmi les paramètres de mesure accessoires, citons la présence d’énoncés foncièrement inexacts, le niveau de lecture moyen, le nombre de mots moyens de chaque réponse, la proportion d'attribution et les sources le plus souvent citées. RésultatsLes étudiants en ophtalmologie et les 3 robots conversationnels (ChatGPT, Bing Chat et WebMD Symptom Checker) ont opté pour le diagnostic approprié parmi les 3 diagnostics les plus plausibles dans 42 (95 %), 41 (93 %), 34 (77 %) et 8 (33 %) des cas, respectivement. Le degré d'urgence en matière de triage était exact dans 38 (86 %), 43 (98 %) et 37 (84 %) des cas évalués par les étudiants en ophtalmologie, par ChatGPT et par Bing Chat, respectivement. ConclusionsL'exactitude du diagnostic et du triage obtenue avec ChatGPT, reposant sur le modèle GPT-4, était élevée et comparable à celle des étudiants en ophtalmologie, sans qu'il y ait d’énoncé manifestement inexact. L'interface Bing Chat était assorti d'un taux d'exactitude plus faible, et tendait à surestimer le caractère d'urgence lors du triage.

Mask-related costs in measuring preview benefit: Evidence from a distributional analysis based on target word reading times.

Skilled reading involves processing the upcoming word in parafoveal vision before it is fixated, leading to shorter fixations on that word. This phenomenon, parafoveal preview benefit, is a key component of theoretical models of reading; it is measured using the invisible boundary paradigm, in which reading times on a target word are compared for instances when preview is accurate and when the target word is masked while in the parafovea. However, parafoveal masks have been shown to induce unintentional processing costs, thereby inflating measures of preview benefit. The degraded mask has been explored as a potential solution to this problem, leading to mixed results. While previous work has analyzed the preview effect by comparing mean reading times on the target word, the present study provides a more comprehensive analysis by examining the distribution of the preview effect across target word fixation times for unrelated and degraded masks. Participants read sentences containing target words whose preview was either identical, unrelated, or degraded, and their eye movements were recorded. Analyses revealed that although there were no mean differences between reading times for the unrelated and degraded conditions, the pattern of the effects varied as a function of target word fixation times. Unrelated masks resulted in positively sloped generally linear delta plots, while degraded masks resulted in relatively flat delta plots for fixations longer than 200 ms. These differences suggest that different cognitive mechanisms are involved in the processing of the two mask types. Implications for understanding and measuring preview benefit are discussed.

ПОВИШАВАНЕ НА МОТИВАЦИЯТА ПРИ ЧЕТЕНЕ ЧРЕЗ ВКЛЮЧВАНЕ НА СОЦИАЛНАТА ИНТЕЛИГЕНТНОСТ НА УЧЕНИЦИТЕ – ЧЕТЕНЕ НА ОТКРИТО В ЧАС ПО АНГЛИЙСКИ ЕЗИК

The article presents a new way of engaging students from different schools ages and interest in active meaningful reading combined with an attempt to further develop social competence. Modern teaching methods include more and more electronic means that aim to match the interests of the internet born students and the new environment at home and at school. All this does not help develop social intelligence. The goal of this initiative is to stimulate all senses, to provoke thinking, to engage different skills – reading, listening, writing and to develop social skills. The traditional environment – the classroom, in this case is replaced with outdoor activities centred around reading, which is a basic skill, a key to improving all other competencies. Students from different age groups (eighth and fifth grade), with different interests (languages and music) and different abilities participate actively in achieving the goals of their groups. Through the reading task cognitive thinking is stimulated. Working in groups expands the students’ social intelligence, which includes the individual’s understanding of a particular situation and that person’s interaction with other people. The eighth-grade students use compensatory methods to engage and hold the attention of the younger students, incorporating compensatory skills – artistic reading, voice changing. The younger students put effort in understanding the text and guessing where it comes from. Later they show their gratitude by giving an improvised classical music concert in the open space of the schoolyard.

The Implementation of KWL Chart Strategy to Improve Worldwide EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension Skills

There is a dire need for worldwide second language educators to sustainably invoke more interactive, favorable, and meaningful reading learning enterprises in which EFL learners are strongly willing to channel more effortful actions to hone their reading comprehension skills to the utmost development. KWL chart strategy can be one of the appropriate solutions to fulfill this reading learning demand by which EFL learners can activate their prior knowledge in harmony with the reading texts they are going to read, monitor their reading comprehension towards particular reading topics intensively, and profoundly evaluate their newly-acquired knowledge obtained through various passages. This present small-scale library study aimed to investigate the extent the KWL chart strategy can improve globalized EFL learners’ reading comprehension skills. 20 prior findings obtained from the KWL chart strategy in reading studies were thematically analyzed to yield more comprehensible and credible research results for the betterment of EFL reading learning enterprises nationwide. After analyzing those previous findings, two main research themes were generated namely: (1) KWL chart strategy transforms EFL learners into more spirited readers and (2) KWL chart strategy exceptionally escalates EFL learners’ reading proficiency level. In the end, it can be fairly concluded that the effective deployment of the KWL strategy not merely resulted in the significant enhancement of EFL learners’ reading comprehension skills but also their reading endeavor and knowledge. Keyword: KWL chart strategy, reading comprehension skills, EFL learners, library study, thematic analysis

Platelet rich plasma: a novel therapy in chronic wounds

Background: Pulse oximeters are vital in healthcare, yet uncertainties remain about potential variations in oxygen saturation (SpO2) measurements depending on the finger used. Our study compared SpO2 values from different fingers in 200 young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted, capturing SpO2 values from every finger on both hands using a standard pulse oximeter. Results: Mean SpO2 differed slightly among fingers, from 98.29 (left index finger) to 98.70 (right ring finger). The majority of participants were male (59%) and 20 years old. Pulse rates ranged from 55 to 130 beats per minute, averaging at 85.23 bpm. Conclusions: Our results indicate finger choice for pulse oximetry can affect SpO2 readings, with the highest mean reading obtained from the right ring finger. This could potentially impact clinical practice.

Building a Bridge: Writing and Reading Connections in Early Childhood

AbstractReading and writing are essential components of literacy. Children's initial preschool experiences with literacy set important foundations for later school success. Instruction that can create a bridge between reading and writing to support children's developing understandings in both these areas of literacy has powerful implications for their literacy growth. This teaching and learning in action guide explores meaningful connections between reading and writing by examining the way in which one prekindergarten teacher supports children's reading–writing skills across various components of written language (i.e., sounds, letters, words, sentences, and content) and within various instructional contexts (centers, small groups, large group/read‐aloud). This article shares research‐based approaches in the context of specific examples in which the focal teacher fosters meaningful reading and writing connections using two key read‐alouds as starting points. How do we make reading–writing connections in preschool across contexts and learning experiences to support children's literacy in meaningful, engaging, and developmentally appropriate ways and make connections visible to children? What high‐quality reading and writing experiences influence preschoolers' engagement in activities? What ways are reading and writing addressed in your classroom across various instructional contexts (i.e., whole group, small group, centers)?

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Commonly Sold Onions (Allium Cepa) and Probable Health Risk Assessment

In this current research, samples of domestic and imported onions were collected from wholesale markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and their heavy metal concentrations were measured. Several health issues could arise from eating onions, according to estimations. After being randomly selected, prepared, and analyzed, samples from onions were used to assess whether contaminants such as heavy metals were present using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mean readings for chromium, copper, lead, and zinc in the native and imported onion samples ranged from 0.00 to 6.24., 4.78 to 21.61, 0.00 to 37.00, 31.75 to 70.16 mg kg-1, and from 0.00 to 17.93, 3.64 to 17.04, 0.00 to 26.00, 10.97 to 42.72 mg kg-1, respectively. For the majority of the samples of foreign onions, the ADI values of Pb were higher than the PMTDI. Most onion samples had Hazard Index values higher than 1, indicating a risk in the future to human health (carcinogenic) from these onions intake.

Health literacy in rotator cuff repair: a quantitative assessment of the understandability of online patient education material

The American Medical Association and National Institutes of Health recommend online health information be written at a 6th grade or lower reading level for clear understanding. While syntax reading grade level has previously been utilized, those analyses do not determine whether readers are processing key information (understandability) or identifying available actions to take (actionability). The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT-P) is a method to measure the understandability and actionability of online patient education materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate online resources regarding rotator cuff repair utilizing measures of readability, understandability, and actionability. The search term "rotator cuff surgery" was used in two independent online searches to obtain the top 50 search results. The readability of included resources was quantified using valid objective algorithms: Flesch-Kincaid Grade-Level, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook grade, Coleman-Liau Index, and Gunning Fog Index. The PEMAT-P form was used to assess actionability and understandability. A total of 49 unique websites were identified to meet our inclusion criteria and were included in our analysis. The mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level graded materials at a 10.6 (approximately a 10th grade reading level), with only two websites offering materials at a 6th grade reading level or below. The remaining readability studies graded the mean reading level at high school or greater, with the Gunning Fog Index scoring at a collegiate reading level. Mean understandability and actionability scores were 64.6% and 29.5%, respectively, falling below the 70% PEMAT score threshold for both scales. Fourteen (28.6%) websites were above the threshold for understandability, while no website (0%) scored above the 70% threshold for actionability. When comparing source categories, commercial health publishers provided websites that scored higher in understandability (P<.05), while private practice materials scored higher in actionability (P<.05). Resources published by academic institutions or organizations scored lower in both understandability and actionability than private practice and commercial health publishers (P<.05). No readability, understandability, or actionability score was significantly associated with search result rank. Overall, online patient education materials related to rotator cuff surgery scored poorly with respect to readability, understandability, and actionability. Only two (4.1%) of the patient education websites scored at the American Medical Association and National Institutes of Health recommended reading level. Fourteen (28.6%) scored above the 70% PEMAT score for understandability; however, no website met the threshold for actionability.

Adolescents and family history: Memories, testimonies, narratives, and perspectives

Kouseri

A Prospectus for Bilingual Early Reading Instruction

In this paper, we describe a framework for bilingual decoding instruction, with a call for collaborators. Decoding is the ability to apply knowledge of letter-sound correspondences to pronounce words. We adopt a standard phonological approach for early instruction that could be expanded to include practice with constructive morphemes, like prefixes and suffixes, and reading for meaning. Decades of research have shown that word decoding is a bottleneck in reading comprehension. Unless children develop sight-word reading capabilities, comprehension of texts is severely hampered. The present approach draws on children’s spoken vocabulary knowledge in their native language as a bridge to decoding in a second language. The goal is to develop a tutoring system that draws on current and forthcoming multimedia technologies, and to implement the system in multilingual countries, e.g.: USA, India, Ukraine and across national borders. As a starting point, the authors will use a web platform https://ethicalengineer.ttu.edu designed in 2017 by the USA, Indian, and Ukrainian collaborators, several of them being co-authors of this paper, as a model for the new website for reading instruction. The Ethical Engineer website demonstrates one mechanism through which instructors can reach out to establish connections within and outside their native country around topics and issues of common interest and support educator cooperation and research development. The new model hopes to achieve success comparable to that of the EthicalEngineer. Using computer-based instruction allows for empirical testing of teaching methods, thereby optimizing the educational process. It is important to take advantage of this to ensure the most effective methods are used in early reading instruction for children. Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Coronary artery assessment on pre transcatheter aortic valve implantation computed tomography may avoid the need for additional coronary angiography

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the percentage of coronary angiography that can be securely avoided by the interpretation of coronary arteries on pre transcatheter aortic valve implantation CT (TAVI-CT), using CT images obtained with deep-learning reconstruction and motion correction algorithms. Material and methodAll consecutive patients who underwent TAVI-CT and coronary angiography, from December 2021 to July 2022 were screened for inclusion in the study. Patients who had previous coronary artery revascularization or who did not undergo TAVI were excluded. All TAVI-CT examinations were obtained using deep-learning reconstruction and motion correction algorithms. On TAVI-CT examinations, quality and stenosis of coronary artery were analyzed retrospectively. When insufficient image quality and/or when diagnosis or doubt of one significant coronary artery stenosis, patients were considered as having possible coronary artery stenosis. The results of coronary angiography were used as the standard of reference for significant CAS. ResultsA total of 206 patients (92 men; mean age, 80.6 years) were included; of these 27/206 (13%) had significant coronary artery stenosis on coronary angiography and were referred for potential revascularization. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy of TAVI-CT to identify patients requiring coronary artery revascularization was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 87.2–100%), 100% (95% CI: 96.3–100%), 54% (95% CI: 46.6–61.6), 25% (95% CI: 17.0–34.0%) and 60% (95% CI: 53.1–66.9%) respectively. Intra- and inter observer variability was substantial agreement for quality and decision to recommend coronary angiography. Mean reading time was 2 ± 1.2 (standard deviation) min (range: 1–5 min). Overall, TAVI-CT could potentially rule out indication for revascularization for 97 patients (47%). ConclusionAnalysis of coronary artery on TAVI-CT using deep-learning reconstruction and motion correction algorithms can potentially safely avoid coronary angiography in 47% of patients.