Meaningful Image Research Articles

RETRACTED ARTICLE: A novel large-scale multimedia image data classification algorithm based on mapping assisted deep neural network

With the increasing number of the images, how to effectively manage and use these images becomes an urgent problem to be solved. The classification of the images is one of the effective ways to manage and retrieve images. In this paper, we propose a novel large-scale multimedia image data classification algorithm based on deep learning. We firstly select the image characteristics to represent the flag for retrieval, which represents the color, texture and shape characteristics respectively. A feature of color is the most basic image data, mainly including the average brightness, color histogram and dominant color, etc. What the texture refers to is the image data in the anomalous, macroscopic as well as orderly one key character that on partial has. The contour feature extraction of image data needs to rely on the edge detection, edge of the detected edge through the connection or grouping to form a meaningful image event. Secondly, we revise the convolutional neural network model based on the pooling operation optimization, the pooling is in the process of the convolution operation to extract the image characteristics of the different locations to gather statistics. Furthermore, we integrate the parallel and could storage strategy to enhance the efficiency of the proposed methodology. The performance of the algorithm is verified, compared with the other state-of-the-art approaches, the proposed one obtains the better efficiency and accuracy.

Neural correlates of subliminally presented visual sexual stimuli.

In the context of forensic psychiatry, it is crucial that diagnoses of deviant sexual interests are resistant to manipulation. In a first attempt to promote the development of such tools, the current fMRI study focusses on the examination of hemodynamic responses to preferred, in contrast to non-preferred, sexual stimuli with and without explicit sexual features in 24 healthy heterosexual subjects. The subliminal stimulus presentation of sexual stimuli could be a new approach to reduce vulnerability to manipulation. Meaningful images and scrambled images were applied as masks. Recognition performance was low, but interestingly, sexual preference and explicitness modulated stimulus visibility, suggesting interactions between networks of sexual arousal and consciousness. With scrambled masks, higher activations for sexually preferred images and for explicit images were found in areas associated with sexual arousal (Stoleru, Fonteille, Cornelis, Joyal, & Moulier, 2012). We conclude that masked sexual stimuli can evoke activations in areas associated with supraliminal induced sexual arousal.

Vision, Lamentation and Nineteenth-century Representations of the End of al-Andalus

The Alhambra, the Nasrid palatial fortress complex of Granada, Spain, has often been represented in paintings, engravings, and literature as the site of a glorious zenith of al-Andalus and as the shining monument to the Islamic dynasties of medieval Iberia. But the Alhambra was also understood as a site of massacres, of expulsions, and of failed empires, and especially of loss. Translating the Alhambra into meaningful narratives and images did not just mean finding an appropriate language and signifiers, but also identifying a correct standpoint in order to signal a subject position. This article examines modes of viewing that not only helped structure definitions and guided nineteenth-century audiences toward particular visions and understandings of the Alhambra. It analyzes representations of people looking at the Alhambra, along with the pictorial devices used to frame what an appropriate object of visual examination should be, and how to look at it. In short, this article sees the various representations of the Alhambra as a pedagogy of vision, created to accompany tourist guides and similar publications, and as historical framework within contemporary salon paintings. While the Alhambra is the object, the real subject is viewing the Alhambra.

A new sharing digital image scheme with clearer shadow images

Recently, Wei et al. propose a 2-out-of-2 sharing digital image scheme (SDIS) that shares a color secret image into two shadow images based on Boolean exclusive-or operation. There are three types of shadow images for Wei et al.’s SDIS: noise-like, black-and-white meaningful, and color meaningful shadow images. However, there exist some weaknesses in Wei et al.’s SDIS: the incorrect assignment of color palette data for the color index 255, the erroneous recovery in secret image, and the partial region in shadow image revealing the cover image. In this paper, we solve the weaknesses and propose a new SDIS. Experimental results demonstrate that our scheme effectively avoids these weaknesses.

SHARE A SECRET IMAGE WITH INVERTIBLE AND LOSSY CHARATERISTICS

Conventional ( t , n ) secret image sharing schemes share a secret image to n shared images, where any t shared images recovers the secret image. Among these shared images, noise-like properties easily draw attacker attention. Embedding shared images in meaningful cover images thus efficiently reduces attacker attention. This paper presents a different-expansion technique based invertible secret image sharing scheme that allows participants to perfectly restore the secret image and cover images. The proposed scheme also contains a lossy property which means that cover images do not have to be perfectly recovered to share larger secret images. The proposed scheme performs well with M-ary number systems, allowing users to determine the trade-off between covered image quality and secret image size. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme shares a large secret image and has good covered image quality. To cite this document: Chien-Chang Chen, Chong-An Liu, and Yu-Jing Lin, Share a secret image with invertible and lossy characteristics, International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.7, No.2, pp.135-154, 2016. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/ijecs.1467

Perceptually relevant grouping of image tokens on the basis of constraint propagation from local binary patterns

Grouping image tokens is an intermediate step needed to arrive at meaningful image representation and summarization. Usually, perceptual cues, for instance, gestalt properties inform token grouping. However, they do not take into account structural continuities that could be derived from other tokens belonging to similar structures irrespective of their location. We propose an image representation that encodes structural constraints emerging from local binary patterns (LBP), which provides a long-distance measure of similarity but in a structurally connected way. Our representation provides a grouping of pixels or larger image tokens that is free of numeric similarity measures and could therefore be extended to nonmetric spaces. The representation lends itself nicely to ubiquitous image processing applications such as connected component labeling and segmentation. We test our proposed representation on the perceptual grouping or segmentation task on the popular Berkeley segmentation dataset (BSD500) that with respect to human segmented images achieves an average F-measure of 0.559. Our algorithm achieves a high average recall of 0.787 and is therefore well-suited to other applications such as object retrieval and category-independent object recognition. The proposed merging heuristic based on levels of singular tree component has shown promising results on the BSD500 dataset and currently ranks 12th among all benchmarked algorithms, but contrary to the others, it requires no data-driven training or specialized preprocessing.

Hierarchical threshold secret sharing scheme for color images

The applications that use pattern recognition via secret sharing are seldom linear, straightforward and uncomplicated. The layers of complexity grows as the process turns more secretive. In applications, such as banking transactions, hierarchical secret sharing comes in as a handy tool. This paper analyses the use of disjunctive hierarchy of secret sharing without compromising security while saving time. This scheme simplifies the process when more hands are involved by using simple Boolean and arithmetic operations and thus reduces the computational complexity from O (nlog2n) to O (n). The other features are authentication of the participants using Lagrange Interpolation; non-requirement of half toning of color images; no pixel expansion without degradation in visual quality of the recovered secret image. This paper also provides solution for meaningful share images with the ability to detect the manipulation of share images. The main advantage of this scheme is that it gives the benefit in scenarios in which participants of different levels are involved.

An algorithm for encryption of secret images into meaningful images

Image encryption algorithms typically transform a plain image into a noise-like cipher image, whose appearance is an indication of encrypted content. Bao and Zhou [Image encryption: Generating visually meaningful encrypted images, Information Sciences 324, 2015] propose encrypting the plain image into a visually meaningful cover image. This improves security by masking existence of encrypted content. Following their approach, we propose a lossless visually meaningful image encryption scheme which improves Bao and Zhou's algorithm by making the encrypted content, i.e. distortions to the cover image, more difficult to detect. Empirical results are presented to show high quality of the resulting images and high security of the proposed algorithm. Competence of the proposed scheme is further demonstrated by means of comparison with Bao and Zhou's scheme.

Optimized Secure Image Transmission approach Lossless Secret Image Recovery Based on Secret Fragmented Mosaic Images

The prominence of the digital image processing is growing in the field of security, as now s days the transfer of images from one entity to another entity using internet as source of medium is increased. The digital image transmission has advanced applications in the field of security such as security related the confidentiality of medical databases, preventing leakages from the military databases, privacy protection the enterprise related documents and online document storage systems. Although lot of research has been done on secure image transmission but still it too has some unresolved issues such as leakages while transmissions and loss of the confidentiality is another drawback. An innovative approach is implemented in this paper and the main idea of the proposed work is create meaningful secret fragment mosaic image system and the important implementation in the proposed work is the secret fragment mosaic image size is same as that of preselected target image which gives scope to provide more payload capacity. The generation of the mosaic image is the resultant of the block fragments of the selected secret image and the mosaic image in the process is looks alike of the target image which is used as the source to hide the secret image by successfully transforming the color characteristics of the secret image similar to the blocks of the target image. Finally the simulation results show the performance in terms of presenting the meaningful secure image transmission technique for the lossless recovery and the necessary data is embedded into mosaic image for the recovery of the securely transmitted secret image.

Comparison of Digital and Conventional Measurements of the Morphometric Prognostic Parameters in Cutaneous Melanoma

Introduction/ Background Measurements for Breslow and TNM staging on proliferations naevi and melanomas are required both by surgeons and patients, with direct interest in terms of prognosis and therapy. The advantages of digital measurements are: less time consuming, the ability to measure longer distances easy, as the possibility to extract meaningful images for clinicians, as they raise the question on the accuracy of the data supplied compared with those obtained in traditional transmission microscopy. Aims Cross comparison between conventional optical micrometer measurements versus whole scanned histological sections on paraffin tissue with malignant melanoma or naevi. Methods Digital measurements were performed on a series of cases of melanoma and nevi (n = 15) quantifying peripheral margins, deep margin, maximum tumor thickness, including the degree of invasion. Measurements were performed on standard HE staining sections, using Leica equipment (Aperioscan 2) and AperioImageScope 12.2 as software. Data were compared pursuing the gap between the two types of measures and the impact on TNM staging. Results The median numerical differences between the two measurements was low (between 0.003 and 0.023mm), the maximum registered was for depth of invasion. The variability was interpreted as human factor and training variability in taking measurements (most fluctuating - maximum invasion point). They have no significant impact in TNM staging scale Breslow and digital measurements allow quantification of border areas, but with uncertain impact if we consider the tissue processing techniques induced changes. Digital measurements are advantageous because of its simplicity and speed, as well as calibration and standardization opportunities to reduce reading errors.

The Appearance of Phosphenes Elicited Using a Suprachoroidal Retinal Prosthesis.

Phosphenes are the fundamental building blocks for presenting meaningful visual information to the visually impaired using a bionic eye device. The aim of this study was to characterize the size, shape, and location of phosphenes elicited using a suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis. Three patients with profound vision loss due to retinitis pigmentosa were implanted with a suprachoroidal electrode array, which was used to deliver charge-balanced biphasic constant-current pulses at various rates, amplitudes, and durations to produce phosphenes. Tasks assessing phosphene appearance, location, overlap, and the patients' ability to recognize phosphenes were performed using a custom psychophysics setup. Phosphenes were reliably elicited in all three patients, with marked differences in the reported appearances between patients and between electrodes. Phosphene shapes ranged from simple blobs to complex forms with multiple components in both space and time. Phosphene locations within the visual field generally corresponded to the retinotopic position of the stimulating electrodes. Overlap between phosphenes elicited from adjacent electrodes was observed with one patient, which reduced with increasing electrode separation. In a randomized recognition task, two patients correctly identified the electrode being stimulated for 57.2% and 23% of trials, respectively. Phosphenes of varying complexity were successfully elicited in all three patients, indicating that the suprachoroidal space is an efficacious site for electrically stimulating the retina. The recognition scores obtained with two patients suggest that a suprachoroidal implant can elicit phosphenes containing unique information. This information may be useful when combining phosphenes into more complex and meaningful images that provide functional vision.

Game of Life variations for image scrambling

The rapid development of multimedia and Internet technology has given more and more people the opportunity to exchange information via the Internet. There are many cases in which images containing trivial information are transmitted, but most of the time images will contain private data and therefore must be protected. Consequently, the security and confidentiality of digital data during storage and transmission have become an important and critical issue. Digital image scrambling is often used for image encryption and its aim is to transform a meaningful image into a meaningless one to enhance the ability to resist invalid attack and in turn improve security. In this paper, a new scheme is presented for digital gray image scrambling based on variants of the famous Game of Life (GoL) Cellular Automaton (CA). More specifically, two of those variations, namely asynchrony and enlarged neighborhood are taken into account. They are further enhanced to implement suitable GoL variations for efficient digital grey image scrambling while the presented simulation results prove that the modified variations can provide high security by scrambling pixel locations. It is shown that the resulting scrambling effect is influenced by the employed variation of GoL as well as by the dimensions of the image. Finally, in terms of Gray Difference Degree (GDD) the proposed digital image scrambling method, which is based on the aforementioned GoL variations, outperforms the existing techniques and produces an effective image encryption technique which enables excellent confidentiality.

Translating intersemiotically: photographing West and East in Brian Castro’s Shanghai Dancing

Thanks to the contributions of Russian linguist Roman Jokobson, the intersemiotic translation has increasingly attracted the academic attention. Intersemiotic translation is referred to as “transmutation of signs”, an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs or nonverbal sign systems. This intersemiotic translation is seen widely in such modernist writings as those by Franz Kafka, Walter Benjamin, Ezra Pound, and the use of images, photos and maps in Shanghai Dancing continues the tradition of modernism in its assemblage or dissemblage of text into visual elements. In this regard, one can ask whether the traditional sense of translation, especially the mimetic tradition in the west, is subject to great challenge. By using theories of Benjamin’s, Pound’s and Derrida’s understanding of Chinese ideograms, photographs and sign systems, the paper tries to illustrate that Shanghai Dancing, which employs photos, posters and maps of old Shanghai, is a good illustration where East and West cultures are well embodied in the semiotic modernity of Shanghai, in which the image of Shanghai is visualized and translated, with linguistic units transmuted into meaningful mental images of fragmentation and multiplicity and served as a very good paratext to the very body of the traditional sense of the textual representations.

Progressive secret image sharing scheme using meaningful shadows

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel secret image sharing scheme, which progressively hides a secret image into multiple different meaningful cover (or host) images by utilizing a magic matrix. The produced shadows are high visual quality, meaningful images that differ from each other. As a result, they are not easy to cause the suspicion by the attackers. Moreover, the secret image in the proposed scheme can be recovered progressively via different numbers of shadows. The more shadows used, the better the quality of the secret image. The experimental results demonstrate the aforementioned advantages of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Automatic workflow for narrow-band laryngeal video stitching.

In narrow band (NB) laryngeal endoscopy, the clinician usually positions the endoscope near the tissue for a correct inspection of possible vascular pattern alterations, indicative of laryngeal malignancies. The video is usually reviewed many times to refine the diagnosis, resulting in loss of time since the salient frames of the video are mixed with blurred, noisy, and redundant frames caused by the endoscope movements. The aim of this work is to provide to the clinician a unique larynx panorama, obtained through an automatic frame selection strategy to discard non-informative frames. Anisotropic diffusion filtering was exploited to lower the noise level while encouraging the selection of meaningful image features, and a feature-based stitching approach was carried out to generate the panorama. The frame selection strategy, tested on on six pathological NB endoscopic videos, was compared with standard strategies, as uniform and random sampling, showing higher performance of the subsequent stitching procedure, both visually, in terms of vascular structure preservation, and numerically, through a blur estimation metric.

Edge-Guided Image Object Detection in Multiscale Segmentation for High-Resolution Remotely Sensed Imagery

A new segmentation approach for high-resolution remotely sensed imagery that combines the global edge and region information is developed from a new scheme to monitor the best conditions for each growing object to obtain the corresponding meaningful image object during multiscale analysis. The approach, which is an extension of the image object detection approach, includes new algorithms for determination of region-growing criteria, edge-guided image object detection, and assessment of edges. The method consists of two stages: In the first stage, edges are acquired from edge detection with embedded confidence and stored in an R-tree, and initial objects are segmented by eCognition and organized in the region adjacency graph; in the second stage, meaningful image objects are obtained by incorporating multiscale segmentation and analyzing the edge completeness curve. The evaluation results of edge completeness are obtained within the process of multiscale segmentation, and the assessment for the segmentation results shows its merit in coastal remote sensing. Images containing plenty of weak edges or distributing scene objects with various sizes and shapes can fully embody the strength of this method.

Image salient regions encryption for generating visually meaningful ciphertext image

Image feature encryption is comprised of feature extraction and feature encryption. The existing feature encryption algorithms aim at extracting edge features as significant information for encryption purpose rather than salient regions. However, salient regions in the images usually carry more important information than edge features. Moreover, most of them protect significant information by transforming the input image into noise-like image or texture-like image. Obviously, these images are sign of encrypted image and thus can be easily attacked. In this study, we propose a salient regions encryption method by generating visually meaningful ciphertext image. First, salient regions are efficiently detected by saliency detection model in the compressed domain. Then, we encrypt these salient regions by a chaos-based encryption algorithm. With optical encryption theory, the encrypted salient regions are finally transformed into a visually meaningful ciphertext. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to use salient regions as important visual information for encryption to obtain ciphertext image. Results demonstrate the image salient regions have been largely hidden with the proposed method.

Arithmetic coding based secret image sharing with inverted pattern LSB substitution for share hiding to achieve better quality stego images

In this paper we have proposed a secret image sharing method using arithmetic coding. The proposed method is inspired from the work presented in [25]. Objectives of the proposed method are (i) to reduce the size of the shares, (ii) provide more secure sharing and (iii) achieve better quality meaningful shadow images. Here, we have extended the arithmetic coding method as given in [25] to achieve more compressed data stream, which will reduce the size of secret and hence reduce the size of shares. Then, the data stream passes through a transformation for more secure secret sharing and finally, generated shares are embedded into the cover images by adopting inverted pattern LSB substitution method which gives better quality stego images.

KAIOWA MOMBE’UPY NHEMOHEMBYPY REHEGWA - RELATOS DA COSMOGONIA KAIOWÁ: IMPLICAÇÕES NO CAMPO LINGUÍSTICO E NA PRODUÇÃO DA VIDA SOCIAL

O presente artigo procura demonstrar a relevância dos relatos e ensinamentos míticos apontada pelos Kaiowá nos modelos e práticas de produção e reprodução da vida social de suas comunidades. Constitui-se, ainda, num esforço de identificar alguns elementos que apontam para sua cosmogonia. Os dados etnográficos resultam da pesquisa desenvolvida pelo professor kaiowá Misael Concianza Jorge, no trabalho de conclusão de curso do curso de Licenciatura Intercultural – Teko Arandu, da Faculdade Intercultural Indígena da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados. Posteriormente, as outras autorias analisaram o material com o estudante para apresentá-lo na forma de artigo, acrescentando discussões bibliográficas e dados etnográficos levantados por elas. O mito é apresentado neste artigo como uma linguagem que expressa, através de recursos ritualísticos e poéticos, vários aspectos da ética e da estética kaiowá. Tais relatos fornecem códigos para os modos de relação entre os Kaiowá e entre eles e seus outros. Entre outras implicações, eles explicam a disposição de elementos da paisagem. Mas, além de tudo isso, o mito é apresentado como obra literária, que permite ao grupo que o relata e ritualiza pensar sobre as origens, os sentidos e o fim das ordens sociológicas e cosmológicas, e, sobretudo, entretém as pessoas com palavras e imagens significativas.

The influence of image content on oculomotor plasticity.

When we observe a scene, we shift our gaze to different points of interest via saccadic eye movements. Saccades provide high resolution views of objects and are essential for vision. The successful view of an interesting target might constitute a rewarding experience to the oculomotor system. We measured the influence of image content on learning efficiency in saccade control. We compared meaningful pictures to luminance and spatial frequency-matched random noise images in a saccadic adaptation paradigm. In this paradigm a shift of the target during the saccades results in a gradual increase of saccade amplitude. Stimuli were masked at different times after saccade onset. For immediate masking of the stimuli, as well as for their permanent visibility, saccadic adaptation was similar for both types of targets. However, when stimuli were masked 200 ms after saccade onset, adaptation of saccades directed toward the meaningful target stimuli was significantly greater than that of saccades directed toward noise targets. Thus, the percept of a meaningful image at the saccade landing position facilitates learning of the appropriate parameters for saccadic motor control when time constraints exist. We conclude that oculomotor learning, which is traditionally considered a low-level and highly automatized process, is modulated by the visual content of the image.