Meaningful Behavior Research Articles

Human Governance: The Art of Emotional Intelligence of Leader through the Model of Spirituality

This paper is a concept paper which is focused on the discussion about the emotional intelligence of leader in the human governance elements at the workplace from the perspectives of the spirituality model. These are the claims of reality the management application which is based of religion and science as well as browse the dimension of emotional in organizations today. This discussion encompasses the conceptual of emotional intelligence, human governance and spirituality model; application needs; challenges and hopes. In line with the demands of human capital development, supposed the physical development and materially advanced with that momentum growing over the years in tandem with human development. We not only want the country to have a first-class facility, but most important are the mentality, spiritual and behaviour first class which is oriented of human capital. The synonyms here, each employee in any organization as a human entity are should be the ideal capacity of human capital in terms of emotional intelligence to produce the quality work and have a strong human governance. To that end, leaders in the workplace should have a high level of emotional intelligence to form a positive culture among employees and create practices that are consistent so that it can become a habit that is conducive to all parties in the working environment. The end of this paper will demonstrate the need for all leaders to have the emotional intelligence with spiritual strength and lead a more meaningful behaviour. It would also allow employees to perform a dynamic human capital and thus able to establish a framework of a major platform in the management and human governance characterized by spirituality trait in their work.

What You Say and How You Say it: Joint Modeling of Topics and Discourse in Microblog Conversations

This paper presents an unsupervised framework for jointly modeling topic content and discourse behavior in microblog conversations. Concretely, we propose a neural model to discover word clusters indicating what a conversation concerns (i.e., topics) and those reflecting how participants voice their opinions (i.e., discourse).1Extensive experiments show that our model can yield both coherent topics and meaningful discourse behavior. Further study shows that our topic and discourse representations can benefit the classification of microblog messages, especially when they are jointly trained with the classifier.Our data sets and code are available at: http://github.com/zengjichuan/Topic_Disc .

From space to time: Spatial inhomogeneities lead to the emergence of spatiotemporal sequences in spiking neuronal networks

Spatio-temporal sequences of neuronal activity are observed in many brain regions in a variety of tasks and are thought to form the basis of meaningful behavior. However, mechanisms by which a neuronal network can generate spatio-temporal activity sequences have remained obscure. Existing models are biologically untenable because they either require manual embedding of a feedforward network within a random network or supervised learning to train the connectivity of a network to generate sequences. Here, we propose a biologically plausible, generative rule to create spatio-temporal activity sequences in a network of spiking neurons with distance-dependent connectivity. We show that the emergence of spatio-temporal activity sequences requires: (1) individual neurons preferentially project a small fraction of their axons in a specific direction, and (2) the preferential projection direction of neighboring neurons is similar. Thus, an anisotropic but correlated connectivity of neuron groups suffices to generate spatio-temporal activity sequences in an otherwise random neuronal network model.

Student self-assessment: why do they do it?

This study explores factors that predict students’ self-assessment intentions and practices using a framework based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A total of 1425 Hong Kong students (Primary 4 to Secondary 3) participated in this study. Students’ intentions and practices pertaining to self-assessment and the predictors of their intentions and practices were assessed with 11 self-report scales aligned to the TPB constructs. The psychometric properties of scales were examined with Rasch analysis and the relations among the variables were investigated with path analysis based on Rasch-calibrated person measures. The results showed that attitude, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and perceived controllability were statistically significant predictors on intention to self-assess, while self-efficacy and intention had significant influence on self-assessment practice. Psychological safety was also found to have relatively weak but significant impact on both self-assessment intention and practice. This study lays a foundation for future investigations on how to promote meaningful self-assessment behaviour which is crucial for self-regulated and life-long learning.

FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTING POSITIVE PARENTING STRATEGIES IN A BUSY OFFICE PRACTICE

Given the efficacy of parent behavior management training (PBMT) in the treatment of problem behaviors in children and adolescents, several manualized treatments have been developed. These manualized treatments provide a framework for implementing the core elements of PBMT, but their length and complexity present significant barriers to the adoption of PBMT by child and adolescent psychiatrists engaged in busy office practices. In this Workshop, we will address these barriers for child and adolescent psychiatrists by demonstrating how the core principles of PBMT can be incorporated into a single, theoretically straightforward, and practically effective intervention that will reduce power struggles around routine daily activities and enhance parental attention to meaningful behaviors and interactions.

What to look for during constant observations: Expert consensus and a tool for observations recording.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Supportive observations is the practice of closely monitoring patients who are acutely unwell in order to keep them safe. There are no formal guidelines for nursing staff on what to observe during observations. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: A consensus of expert opinion suggests that the clinically meaningful behaviours in supportive observations focus on six factors: agitation, self-harm and suicide, violence, negative influence, disengagement and positive behaviour. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: These aspects of patient presentation should be a part of the decision-making discussions about observations. The Mersey Care Supportive Observations Recording Tool that emerged from this consensus may assist with recording the relevant information. Abstract Introduction Supportive observations are common in mental health care but there are no guidelines on best practice or what should be documented in observations records. Aim To develop expert consensus on the important aspects of patient presentation that inform clinical decision-making about observations and to develop a recording tool from this consensus. Method A Delphi methodology was used to consult an expert panel of mental health clinicians and academics to agree on what aspects of patient presentation during constant observations are important in informing clinical decisions. Thematic analysis was applied to the agreed item set to extract common aspects of presentation and behaviour. Results The panel considered 118 individual items across three rounds of consultation and agreed that 51 items were important to clinical decisions about observations. Thematic analysis found six man themes: agitation, self-harm and suicide, violence, negative influence, disengagement and positive behaviour. Subthemes were used to create the MerseyCare Supportive Observations Recording Tool (MSORT). Discussion These data represent the first expert consensus on the aspects of patient presentation that are important to clinical decisions. Implications for practice Consensus items should be recorded in observations records and be considered in decision-making about observations. The MSORT may aid observations recording.

Soft component automata: Composition, compilation, logic, and verification

Abstract The design of a complex system warrants a compositional methodology, i.e., composing simple components to obtain a system that meaningfully exhibits their collective behavior. We propose an automaton-based paradigm for compositional design of such systems where an action is accompanied by one or more preferences. At run-time, these preferences provide a natural fallback mechanism for the component, while at design-time they can be used to reason about the behavior of the component in an uncertain physical world. Using algebraic structures on preferences and actions, we can compose formal representations of individual components or agents to obtain a representation of the composed system, exhibiting intuitively meaningful behavior. We extend linear temporal logic with two unary connectives that reflect the compositional structure of actions, and show that it is decidable whether all behaviors of a given automaton satisfy a formula of this extended logic. We then show how this logic can be used to diagnose undesired behavior by tracing the falsification of a specification back to one or more culpable components. Lastly, we implement a toolchain that compiles our automata to Maude, allowing us to apply the rich model checking capability of Maude to verify agent behavior.

Parents Recall of, and Reactions to, School-Based BMI Reports.

Background: Current evidence demonstrates that, while a widely used tool for childhood obesity prevention, school-based BMI reports do not effectively reduce pediatric obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the presumed mechanisms by which BMI reporting might impact child weight by assessing parents': (1) recall of BMI reports, (2) accuracy in recalling child overweight status, and (3) reactions to BMI reports. Methods: Mailed surveys were completed by 2205 racially/ethnically diverse parents of third- to seventh-grade students participating in the Fit Study who had either been exposed to 1 year of child BMI reporting (one report) or 2 years (two reports). Results: After 1 year of BMI reporting, parents of children with overweight were less likely [odds ratio (OR) = 0.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5-0.9] to recall receiving a BMI report and less likely (OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.3) to accurately recall their child's weight status from the BMI report, compared with parents of children with healthy weight. Differences in accuracy of child weight status recall persisted after 2 years of BMI reporting exposure. Only 22% of parents of children at risk for overweight and with overweight reported being surprised by the results. Conclusions: Parents' recall of receiving a school-based BMI report is low, as is the accuracy of recall of child's overweight status. Additionally, parents' surprise at, and concern for, BMI results is limited. Current BMI reports may be ineffective at reducing pediatric obesity due to their lack of salience and ability to compel meaningful behavior change among parents.

Measuring spatial structure in time-averaged deposits insights from Roc de Marsal, France

The use of space, both at the landscape and the site level, is considered an important aspect of hominin adaptations that changed through time. At the site level, spatial analyses are typically conducted on deposits thought to have a high degree of temporal resolution. Sites with highly time-averaged deposits are viewed as inferior for these analyses because repeated site visits obscure individual behavioral events. To the contrary, here, we take the view that behaviors that repeat themselves in a spatially structured way through time are exactly the kinds of behaviors that are potentially significant at an evolutionary timescale. In this framework, time averaging is seen not as a hindrance but rather as a necessary condition for viewing meaningful behavior. To test whether such patterning is visible in time-averaged deposits, we use spatial statistics to analyze a number of indices designed to measure lithic production, use and discard behaviors in a multi-layer, late Neandertal cave site in southwest France. We find that indeed some such patterning does exist, and thus sites with highly time-averaged deposits have the potential to contribute to our understanding of how hominin use of space varied through time. This is useful because a great many archaeological sites have highly time-average deposits. Interpreting the spatial patterning will likely require modeling to create expectations in time-averaged and likely emergent contexts such as these.

P93 Utilizing Sensory Evaluation Methodology in Recipe Development for Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Background Federal programs such as EFNEP provide nutrition education for limited resource consumers. A component of the nutrition education often includes the inclusion of recipes which are provided to increase healthy eating behaviors among targeted audiences. Currently, there is limited information regarding sensory evaluation of recipes targeted to limited resource consumers. Objective To utilize sensory evaluation methodology to assess acceptability including overall liking (OL) and liking of specific sensory attributes (appearance, flavor, texture) for 16 recipes taught and demonstrated through the University of Georgia EFNEP Food Talk nutrition education curriculum. Study Design, Settings, Participants A total of 872 EFNEP eligible Georgian adults who participate in the Food Talk Nutrition Education Curriculum conducted sensory evaluation on sixteen existing recipes through the EFNEP Food Talk curriculum. Recipes were prepared following standardized instructions for consistency of preparation and portion size. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Sensory evaluation used the traditional nine-point hedonic scale to evaluate OL and specified sensory attributes (1= dislike extremely, 5 = neither like nor dislike, and 9 = like extremely). Standard range of acceptability for a recipe is ≥ 7.0. OL based on recipe title, and purchasing intent of recipe ingredients were also measured. Results Recipes with the highest acceptability ratings were fruit-based recipes (Fruit Smoothie, mean OL = 7.67, flavor = 7.56, texture = 7.54; Crunchy Apple Salad, mean OL = 7.97, flavor = 8.18, texture = 8.02). Recipes with the lowest acceptability ratings were Easy Cheesy Broccoli Soup (mean OL = 6.63, flavor = 6.51, texture = 6.64) and Curly Noodle Supreme (mean OL = 6.11, flavor = 5.58, texture = 6.56). Conclusion Study findings suggest sensory evaluation should be a part of any nutrition education curriculum designed to improve diet quality through the introduction of new recipes and recipe modifications to promoted meaningful behavior change within the nation's most vulnerable populations. Funding None.

Rules, Intentions and Social Behavior: A Reassessment of Peter Winch

The aim of the present article is twofold. Firstly, it aims to study the problems arising from the notion of rule proposed by Peter Winch in The Idea of a Social Science and Its Relation to Philosophy (1958) to account for all meaningful behavior. On the one hand, it will analyze the problems in the argument posed by Winch in order to state that all meaningful behavior is governed by rules. On the other hand, it will focus on the problems concerning his conception of rules and rule-following, with specific emphasis on pointing out the issues that arise from the criterion posed by Winch in order to determine when a rule is being followed. Secondly, it aims to reassess Winch’s proposal and reformulate, accommodate and define his notion of rule in an intentional account of meaningful behavior, thus solving the problems presented. In addition, it will provide a criterion that allows to determine when a rule is being followed.

A colonized general practice? A critical habermasian analysis of how general practitioners experience defensive medicine in their everyday working life

The aim of this article is to show how Jürgen Habermas' communicative action theory serves as a useful tool in analysing and interpreting empirical data on how Danish general practitioners experience defensive medicine in their everyday working life. Through six qualitative focus group interviews with a total of 28 general practitioners (14 men and 14 women), the general practitioners' understandings of and experiences with defensive medicine were unfolded and discussed. Traditionally, defensive medicine is understood as physicians' deviation from sound medical practice due to fears of liability claims or lawsuits. In this study, however, a broader understanding of defensive medicine emerged as unnecessary medical actions that are more substantiated by feelings of demands and pressures than meaningful clinical behaviour. As a first analytical step, the data are contextualized drawing on the medical sociological literature that has theorized recent changes within primary health care such as regulation, audit, standardization and consumerism. Using Habermas' theorization to further interpret the general practitioners' experiences, we argue that central areas of the general practitioners' clinical everyday work life can be seen as having become subject to the habermasian social and political processes of 'strategic action' and 'colonization'. It is furthermore shown that the general practitioners share an impulse to resist these colonizing processes, hereby pointing to a need for challenging the increasingly defensive medical culture that seems to pervade the organization of general practice today.

Virtual Coaching to Enhance Diabetes Care.

Rates of diabetes are increasing worldwide and there is not a sufficient clinical workforce to care for these patients. Diabetes-related apps are a feasible way to provide diabetes education to large numbers of people with diabetes but attrition rates are high. Apps enhanced by virtual coaching may be a way to circumnavigate these problems. Virtual coaches are able to address common treatment barriers and other health disparities by providing data-driven individualized support in real time, at any time of day, and from anywhere. Enhanced glycemic benefits have been seen in those who use an app plus virtual coaching versus those who use an app alone, along with clinically meaningful behavior change, psychosocial effects, prolonged engagement, and high levels of satisfaction with the system. More research needs to be done to determine the longitudinal and widespread effects of virtual coaching in different populations.

Continuing professional development to foster behaviour change: From principles to practice in health professions education

Healthcare professionals need to continuously improve their knowledge, skills and performance to effectively function in an ever-changing healthcare environment. They depend on continuing professional development programs (CPD), either within or outside their institutions, to reflect on and update their clinical practice. Professional growth requires more than knowledge transfer; it requires curiosity, humility, self-awareness and a motivation for mastery. Educators can build on these factors and create effective learning experiences to develop complex skills including communication, interprofessional collaboration, teamwork, leadership and reflective practice. CPD program leaders should adopt an evolved approach to program design that leverages adult learning principles, active learning and longitudinal curricula, while identifying and overcoming system barriers to change, and targeting meaningful behaviour and health outcomes. In this article, we describe principles and strategies that CPD leaders can apply to their own programs, categorized under three steps: (1) Program design, (2) Program implementation and (3) Program evaluation. Under each step, we provide theoretical principles as well as practical tips, focusing on strategies that can motivate and facilitate change.

Designing a Social Robot to Support Children\u2019s Inquiry Learning: A Contextual Analysis of Children Working Together at School

Designers of educational interventions are always looking for methods to improve the learning experience of children. More and more, designers look towards robots and other social agents as viable educational tools. To gain inspiration for the design of meaningful behaviours for such educational social robots we conducted a contextual analysis. We observed a total of 22 primary school children working in pairs on a collaborative inquiry learning assignment in a real world situation at school. During content analysis we identified a rich repertoire of social interactions and behaviours, which we aligned along three types of interaction: (1) Educational, (2) Collaborational, and (3) Relational. From the results of our contextual analysis we derived four generic high-level recommendations and fourteen concrete design guidelines for when and how a social robot may have a meaningful contribution to the learning process. Finally, we present four variants of our Computer Aided Learning system in which we translated our design guidelines into concrete robot behaviours.

User behavior pattern detection in unstructured processes – a learning management system case study

ABSTRACTProcess mining methodologies are designed to uncover underlying business processes, deviations from them, and in general, usage patterns. One of the key limitations of these methodologies is that they struggle in cases in which there is no structured process, or when a process can be performed in many ways. Learning Management Systems are a classic case of unstructured processes since each learner follows a different learning process. In this paper, we address this limitation by proposing and validating the user behavior pattern detection (UBPD) methodology which is based on detecting very short user activities and clustering them based on shared variance to construct a more meaningful behavior. We develop and validate this methodology by using two datasets of unstructured processes from different implementations of a learning management system. The first dataset uses a gamified course where users have the freedom to choose how to use the system, and the second dataset uses data from a massive online open course, where again, system usage is based on personal learning preferences. The key contribution of the methodology is its ability to discover user-specific usage patterns and cluster users based on them, even in noisy systems with no clear process. It provides great value to course designers and teachers trying to understand how learner interact with their system and sets the foundation for additional research in this class of systems.

Speech-driven animation with meaningful behaviors

Conversational agents (CAs) play an important role in human computer interaction (HCI). Creating believable movements for CAs is challenging, since the movements have to be meaningful and natural, reflecting the coupling between gestures and speech. Studies in the past have mainly relied on rule-based or data-driven approaches. Rule-based methods focus on creating meaningful behaviors conveying the underlying message, but the gestures cannot be easily synchronized with speech. Data-driven approaches, especially speech-driven models, can capture the relationship between speech and gestures. However, they create behaviors disregarding the meaning of the message. This study proposes to bridge the gap between these two approaches overcoming their limitations. The approach builds a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN), where a discrete variable is added to constrain the behaviors on the underlying constraint. The study implements and evaluates the approach with two constraints: discourse functions and prototypical behaviors. By constraining on the discourse functions (e.g., questions), the model learns the characteristic behaviors associated with a given discourse class learning the rules from the data. By constraining on prototypical behaviors (e.g., head nods), the approach can be embedded in a rule-based system as a behavior realizer creating trajectories that are timely synchronized with speech. The study proposes a DBN structure and a training approach that (1) models the cause-effect relationship between the constraint and the gestures, and (2) captures the differences in the behaviors across constraints by enforcing sparse transitions between shared and exclusive states per constraint. Objective and subjective evaluations demonstrate the benefits of the proposed approach over an unconstrained baseline model.

Computational Analysis of Heat Transfer Effect on Liquid–Vapor Phase Change and Boiling-Induced Phase Instabilities

Liquid–vapor phase change (boiling/evaporation and condensation) is one of the most important phenomena in thermal management and many other applications of flow and heat transfer. Numerically, it poses challenge due to disparate densities of the phases, resulting in a stiff matrix. The presence of a third phase increases the numerical challenge. In the case of a primary domestic heater, water is heated by hot flue gas in a plate heat exchanger. It is important to avoid boiling of water in this heat exchanger and ensure a steady flow. In the present study, simplified plate heat exchanger geometry is used to predict the flow, heat transfer, and boiling in the heat exchanger in the given condition through CFD. Physically meaningful flow and phase change behavior could be predicted with moderate computational cost. Although it should be a steady process in absence of boiling, the formation of water vapor induces oscillation in the flow. It is observed that dead zones in the heat exchangers initiate local boiling and the vapor is periodically flushed out by the liquid. An oscillatory pattern is observed with a single dominant frequency, which is supported by experimental observations.

Witnessing change: Dynamic norms help resolve diverse barriers to personal change

Recent research has found that dynamic norms—information about collective change in behavior—can promote meaningful personal behavior change, even if that behavior is not currently the norm. Through what psychological processes do dynamic norms operate? We theorized that, when others change, it can lead observers to infer that whatever factors had loomed large as barriers to change do not, in fact, prevent change. If so, dynamic norms may alter diverse salient mechanisms of personal change, and encourage behavior change in diverse contexts. Investigating four domains—smokers' intention to quit, dietary choice, sleep-related behavior, and men's identification as feminist—Experiments 1–4 found that dynamic norms affected three well-established mechanisms of personal behavior change across contexts: the belief that personal change is possible (increased self-efficacy), the belief that change is important to others (injunctive norms), and the belief that change is compatible with one's social identity. In each case, change in the psychological process also statistically mediated change in personal interest and intentions to change. Experiment 5 tested our hypothesis that psychological barriers that loom large would be remedied most. Manipulating the salience of all three barriers within a single context, we found that dynamic norms had a larger impact on salient than less salient barriers. The results suggest that dynamic norms can help resolve diverse psychological barriers to encourage personal change, especially salient barriers. They may thus be a particularly robust source of social influence across contexts.

Психолого-педагогічні засади правового виховання старшокласників шкіл-інтернатів

The article is theoretically substantiated that early adolescence is a sensational period both for the personal attitude in general and for the development of legal consciousness and legal culture in particular, since in this age period the values of the personality are determined, the choice of the meaning of life, the ideals and aspirations are formed, the active the process of becoming a social maturity. It is proved that the senior boarding school students are characterized by individualism, narrow practicalism, division, openness to negative influences, and therefore the education of legal consciousness, legal responsibility, socially meaningful behavior in this age becomes of special significance. It is substantiated that realization of legal education of students of secondary general educational institutions should be carried out according to the following basic principles: taking into account the dependence of legal education on society as a special sphere of people's life (legal education as a social phenomenon); the dependence of the effectiveness of the education of respect for human rights on the nature of the relationship between educators and pupils; the dependence of the effectiveness of legal education and the development of respect for human rights from the correspondence between the goals and methods of their implementation.