Mean Scores Of Well-being Research Articles

Relationship between emotional intelligence, quality of life, and infertility stigma in infertile woman: A descriptive-correlational study

Background: Infertility is one of the major crises in couples’ lives, affecting both mental and physical health. One of the most significant consequences of infertility is stigma; moreover, emotional intelligence and women’s coping style with these consequences can affect the quality of this disorder. Objective: This study aimed to investigate emotional intelligence, infertility stigma, quality of life, and the relationship between these variables in infertile women. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted from April 2023 to February 2024 on 349 infertile women referred to “Hazrat-Maryam-Infertility-Center-in-Shahid-Beheshti-hospital” and “Isfahan-Fertility-and-Infertility-Center” in Isfahan, Iran. Sampling was done using a convenience sampling method, and tools included 4 questionnaires, a demographic and midwifery information form, the quality of life questionnaire, the women’s-infertility-stigma-questionnaire, and the Schutte-Emotional-Intelligence scale. Results: The results showed that the women’s mean age was 35.08 ± 7.60 yr. The mean score for emotional intelligence was 109.06 ± 6.12, and the infertility stigma’s was 56.1 ± 14.73. The results indicated a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and infertility stigma (r = 0.13, p < 0.001). Only the mean score of social well-being and general health dimensions had a significant relationship with the total score of emotional intelligence (r = 0.037, p < 0.02). Conclusion: Infertile women have a lower quality of life and experience higher stigma. Since the quality of life and overall mental health affect the treatment process, also emotional intelligence plays an important role in human life, educational sessions and counseling should be considered in the treatment programs to improve the quality of life, thereby facilitating the treatment process with greater ease and speed. Key words: Infertility, Quality of life, Emotional intelligence.

Abstract C060: Social isolation and secondary appraisal mediate the association between race and functional well-being among prostate cancer survivors

Abstract Background: Disparities in prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality persist among African Americans. Functional well-being plays a crucial role in the prognosis and survival of PCa patients. Prior studies show the association between African American race and health-related quality of life among PCa patients. However, no studies have examined possible mediational processes linking race to functional well-being in this population. Objective: To assess the association between race and functional well-being and the mediating pathways of clinical, social determinants, and psychological factors in PCa patients. Methods: We used clinic-based cohort data of PCa patients treated with radical prostatectomy from April 2017 through September 2021. We measured functional well-being, socioeconomic factors, social stressors, perceived stress, and primary and secondary appraisal by self-report. We obtained clinical variables such as disease stage, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and comorbidities through electronic medical records. We first conducted a path analysis based on linear regression to test the direct association between race and functional well-being, adjusting for age, marital status, education level, employment status, and income. We concurrently examined the mediational pathways linking race to functional well-being via mediators, including stage, PSA, primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, perceived stress, and social isolation. Results: A total of 163 participants (48 African American, 115 White) with a mean age of 66.7 years (SD=6.31) were included in the study. Participants' mean score of functional well-being was 20.32 (SD=6.70; Range=0-28). Compared to White individuals, African American participants exhibited significantly lower levels of functional well-being (b [95% CI] = -3.09 [-5.48, -0.72]). Mediation analyses linking race to functional well-being revealed that, compared to Whites, African Americans displayed significantly lower levels of secondary appraisal (b [95% CI] = -1.45 [-2.85, -0.05]), which, in turn, were associated with higher levels of functional well-being (b [95% CI] = 0.27 [0.01, 0.53]). In addition, African Americans also displayed higher levels of social isolation (b [95% CI] = 0.55 [0.14, 0.97]), which were significantly associated with lower levels of functional well-being (b [95% CI] = -0.91 [-1.64, -0.17]). Both indirect effects of race → secondary appraisal → functional well-being (b [95% CI] = -0.39 [-0.88, -0.01]) and race → social isolation → functional well-being (b [95% CI] = -0.50 [-1.06, -0.02]) were significant and explained 12.6% and 16.2%, respectively, of the total relationship between race and functional well-being. Conclusion: Social isolation and secondary appraisal mediate the association between race and functional well-being among prostate cancer survivors. There is a need to understand the lived experiences of Black men and develop interventions that mitigate the impact of social barriers and psychological stressors on functional well-being to advance health equity. Citation Format: Fatimata Sanogo, Junhan Cho, Trista Beard, Chanita Hughes Halbert. Social isolation and secondary appraisal mediate the association between race and functional well-being among prostate cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C060.

Wellbeing of parents raising the children with autism spectrum disorder and the role of psychologists

IntroductionRecent research show the rise of the prevalence of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) worldwide. At the same time, care for ASD children was found to affect the psychological health of parents or guardians of ASD children. The aim was to identify the wellbeing of parents raising the ASD children and to explore the experiences of primary care (PHC) psychologists in providing support to them.Material and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study. Parents of ASD children took part in the survey. Wellbeing was assessed using Parental Well-Being Scale including physical and emotional health, stress, social support, and quality of life. Ten primary care psychologists were also interviewed.Results327 parents of ASD children participated in our study. Mean wellbeing score for all parents was 52.6±15.65 pts. The highest aspect of wellbeing was enjoyment in looking after child (mean 7.29 pts) and quality of life (mean 6.87 pts). The strongest predictor of parental wellbeing was presence of disability diagnosis for ASD child related (6.33 pts), lower parental wellbeing (Beta=0.20, p<0.001). The interview results show the insufficient competence of psychologists to work with parents of children with ASD.ConclusionsOn the parental well-being scale, the highest scores are observed for enjoyment in looking after child and quality of life. Insufficient work is carried out by PHC psychologists with parents of children with ASD. There is a need for future training of psychologists in the management of children with ASD and their parents

Breast cancer related physical, psychological, social and spiritual domains of quality of life among women in Bahrain

Background The objectives of the study were to assess the quality of life (QOL) among women with breast cancer and associate the QOL with selected background variables. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was adopted for the study. Data collection was done in oncology units of tertiary care centers. The sample type includes woman with breast cancer at stage I or II or IIIa as per TNM classification. A purposive sampling technique was followed with a total sample size of 60. The tool used was the Quality of Life (QOL) questionnaire - Breast Cancer Version by National Medical Center & Beckman Research institute. Results The QOL among study participants revealed that 42 (70%) had average QOL and 18 (30%) had poor QOL. The QOL was examined in various domains such as physical wellbeing, where the mean score was 38.47, the psychological wellbeing mean score was 60.58, social wellbeing mean was 38.10 and spiritual wellbeing mean was 38.58. There was an association between residence and occupation with QOL at p<0.05. Further there was an association between the clinical variable such as period and stages of cancer at p<0.05 and type of treatment at p<0.01. Conclusions Breast cancer diagnosis has an undeniable effect on women at work, home and can have rapid consequences for other members in the family. Evaluation of QOL and associated factors would help the health care professionals especially nurses to organize health promotion activities and counselling sessions in varied health care settings to overcome challenges and improve Quality of Life.

Comparison of the Real-World Reporting of Symptoms and Well-Being for the HER2-Directed Trastuzumab Biosimilar Ogivri With Registry Data for Herceptin in the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Prospective Observational Study (OGIPRO) of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Trastuzumab has had a major impact on the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC). Anti-HER2 biosimilars such as Ogivri have demonstrated safety and clinical equivalence to trastuzumab (using Herceptin as the reference product) in clinical trials. To our knowledge, there has been no real-world report of the side effects and quality of life (QoL) in patients treated with biosimilars using electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs). The primary objective of this prospective observational study (OGIPRO study) was to compare the ePRO data related to treatment side effects collected with the medidux app in patients with HER2-positive BC treated with the trastuzumab biosimilar Ogivri (prospective cohort) to those obtained from historical cohorts treated with Herceptin alone or combined with pertuzumab and/or chemotherapy (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02004496 and NCT03578731). Patients were treated with Ogivri alone or combined with pertuzumab and/or chemotherapy and hormone therapy in (neo)adjuvant and palliative settings. Patients used the medidux app to dynamically record symptoms (according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE]), well-being (according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status scale), QoL (using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire), cognitive capabilities, and vital parameters over 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was the mean CTCAE score. Key secondary endpoints included the mean well-being score. Data of this prospective cohort were compared with those of the historical cohorts (n=38 patients; median age 51, range 31-78 years). Overall, 53 female patients with a median age of 54 years (range 31-87 years) were enrolled in the OGIPRO study. The mean CTCAE score was analyzed in 50 patients with available data on symptoms, while the mean well-being score was evaluated in 52 patients with available data. The most common symptoms reported in both cohorts included fatigue, taste disorder, nausea, diarrhea, dry mucosa, joint discomfort, tingling, sleep disorder, headache, and appetite loss. Most patients experienced minimal (grade 0) or mild (grade 1) toxicities in both cohorts. The mean CTCAE score was comparable between the prospective and historical cohorts (29.0 and 30.3, respectively; mean difference -1.27, 95% CI -7.24 to 4.70; P=.68). Similarly, no significant difference was found for the mean well-being score between the groups treated with the trastuzumab biosimilar Ogivri and Herceptin (74.3 and 69.8, respectively; mean difference 4.45, 95% CI -3.53 to 12.44; P=.28). Treatment of patients with HER2-positive BC with the trastuzumab biosimilar Ogivri resulted in equivalent symptoms, adverse events, and well-being as found for patients treated with Herceptin as determined by ePRO data. Hence, integration of an ePRO system into research and clinical practice can provide reliable information when investigating the real-world tolerability and outcomes of similar therapeutic compounds. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05234021; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05234021.

An Observational Study of the Progression of Patients’ Mental Health Symptoms Six Weeks Following Discharge From the Hospital

IntroductionTransitioning from mental health inpatient care to community care is often a vulnerable time in the treatment process where additional risks and anxiety may arise.ObjectivesThe objective of this paper was to evaluate the progression of mental health symptoms in patients six weeks after their discharge from the hospital as the first phase of an ongoing innovative supportive program. In this study, factors that may contribute to the presence or absence of anxiety and depression symptoms, and the quality of life following a return to the community were examined. The results of this study provide evidence and baseline data for future phases of the project.MethodsAn observational design was used in this study. We collected sociodemographic and clinical data using REDCap at discharge and six weeks later. Anxiety, depression, and well-being symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) respectively. Descriptive, Chi-square, independent T-test, and multivariate regression analyses were conducted.ResultsThe survey was completed by 88 participants out of 144 (61.1% response rate). A statistically non-significant reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms was found six weeks after returning to the community based on the Chi-squared/Fisher exact test and independent t-test. As well, the mean anxiety and depression scores showed a non-significant marginal reduction after discharge compared to baseline. In the period following discharge, a non-significant increase in participants experiencing low well-being symptoms was observed, as well as a decline in the mean well-being scores. Based on logistic regression models, only baseline symptoms were significant predictors of symptoms six weeks after inpatient discharge.Image:Image 2:Image 3:ConclusionsIn the short term following hospital discharge, no significant changes were observed in mental health conditions. A collaboration between researchers and policymakers is essential for the implementation and maintenance of effective interventions to support and maintain the mental health of patients following discharge.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

A comparative analysis of stress, anxiety, and social well-being of working mothers and stay-at-home mothers during the covid pandemic.

The role of mental health is crucial in maintaining the dynamism and productivity of any given society. In contemporary times, a significant proportion of the workforce is comprised of women and mothers. Working in healthcare facilities, where exposure to pathogenic agents is an everyday nuisance, can have detrimental effects on mothers' stress and anxiety levels. Furthermore, such exposure can also endanger the health of both the family and society. Conversely, the employment of mothers could positively impact their social well-being. The primary objective of this study is to assess and compare the stress, anxiety, and social well-being scores of mothers employed in healthcare facilities and stay-at-home mothers during the COVID pandemic. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 246 mothers, equally divided into two groups: Mothers who work in health centers and stay-at-home mothers (123 individuals in each group). The study was conducted from 2021 to 2022, a multistage sampling method was utilized and two questionnaires were administered: The DASS 21 (21 questions) and the social well-being questionnaire (48 questions). The data were analyzed using SPSS 18, and descriptive and analytical tests (Independent Samples T-Test, Mann-Whitney) were employed. The mean age was 35.7 ± 7.1 for working mothers and 34.3 ± 6.3 for stay-at-home mothers. The average stress score for employed mothers was 5.72 ± 4.7, and for stay-at-home mothers, it was 7.16 ± 4.3, which indicates a statistically significant difference in stress levels between the two groups (P = 0.04). However, the two groups had no significant difference in the mean anxiety score (P = 0.08). The mean score for social well-being was 165.5 ± 18.4 for working mothers and 162.17 ± 21.2 for stay-at-home mothers. This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.18). Except for the social acceptance dimension (P = 0.003), no statistically significant differences were observed in the social well-being dimension between the two groups. The social acceptance of working mothers appears to be greater than that of stay-at-home mothers. Higher social acceptance suggests that they hold a more positive outlook on people and are at ease in social situations, which may have helped to alleviate their stress and anxiety.

The digital health dilemma: Exploring cyberchondria, well-being, and smartphone addiction in medical and non-medical undergraduates.

The Internet is a popular source of health information, but too much research can cause anxiety (cyberchondria). Medical and non-medical personnel interpret information differently, leading to varying rates of cyberchondria. Smartphone addiction may also contribute to cyberchondria and impact mental health. The study was an epidemiological survey-based investigation with a cross-sectional design involving undergraduate students (aged 18 years or older) from Indian universities or colleges. The study utilized the Cyberchondria Severity Scale-Short Form (CSS-12), WHO-5 well-being index, and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). A total of 1033 participants (53.1% females and 46.4% males) were recruited in the survey. Of the participants, 58.5% were pursuing medical or paramedical courses, while the remaining 41.5% belonged to the non-medical group. High-severity cyberchondria was present in about 4.4% of the students. The medical cohort demonstrated a significantly lower cumulative CSS in comparison to the non-medical cohort (t = - 3.90; P < 0.01). Smartphone addiction was observed in 57.2% of individuals in the medical group and 55.9% of individuals in the non-medical group (P = 0.68). Medical students had a significantly lower mean well-being score compared to non-medical students (58.4 vs. 59.6; P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between cyberchondria severity and smartphone addiction, which was consistent across both groups. Medical students have less cyberchondria than non-medical students. Cyberchondria severity is linked to smartphone addiction. Non-medical students with cyberchondria have higher subjective well-being.

Can a PERMA model-based positive psychological intervention affect the SIA and SWB of vocational college students majoring in nursing in China?

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of a PERMA model-based positive psychological intervention on vocational college students' social interaction anxiety and subjective well-being. This is an experimental study in which data were collected through self-administered questionnaire. A total of 261 students from four classes at Caofeidian College of Technology without differences in the levels of social interaction anxiety and subjective well-being were selected as the control group and intervention group randomly. Students in the control group received a traditional psychological intervention, while students in the invention group received a PERMA model-based positive psychological intervention. Thereafter, the research team collected data regarding students' social interaction anxiety and subjective well-being. Based on the result obtained, the mean score for social interaction anxiety in the invention group was significantly lower than those in the control group (42.95 vs. 53.07, p < 0.001) and the mean score for subjective well-being was significantly higher than those in the control group (92.58 vs. 87.26, p < 0.001). A PERMA model-based positive psychological intervention can effectively relieve the social interaction anxiety of nursing students in vocational colleges, and improve their subjective well-being levels.

Association of the 24-hour Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis Index with Self-Rated Wellbeing Score: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy (NVP) are common symptoms of pregnancy. Often, treatment is guided by subjective symptoms, leading to hospitalisation of these patients and unnecessary health costs. The 24-hour Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) index helps objectively quantify these symptoms and guide the management of these patients. Aim: To assess the association of the 24-hour PUQE index with the self-rated well-being score in evaluating the severity of NVP. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 207 women at 5 to 12 weeks of singleton pregnancy were recruited after obtaining informed consent. They were interviewed regarding their symptoms of nausea and vomiting based on a 24-hour PUQE index questionnaire, and a score was assigned to them. They were stratified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the score. The association of these symptoms with a selfrated well-being score and subjective symptoms such as the ability to take multivitamins, sleep pattern, liquid intake, and the need for hospitalisation was assessed. They were followed-up after four weeks, and a repeat score was obtained. Chi-square test was performed to compare the severity of PUQE-24. Results: The mean well-being score at the first visit was 3.381±1.650, and at the follow-up visit, it was 7±1.763. At the first visit, 46 out of 207 had a mild 24-hour PUQE score, 140 out of 207 had a moderate score, and 21 out of 207 had a severe score. During the follow-up visit, 123 out of 207 had a mild score, 77 out of 207 had a moderate score, and seven out of 207 had a severe score. There was a significant association between the mean self-rated well-being score and the 24-hour PUQE score at the first and follow-up visits (p-value=0.0001). Among the patients hospitalised at the first visit (21 out of 28), 75% belonged to the severe PUQE category. The mean liquid intake at the first visit was 24.363±10.357 mL/kg/hr, and at the followup visit was 29.972±10.691, showing a significant association with the severity of the 24-hour PUQE score (p-value=0.0001). A significant association was observed between the 24-hour PUQE scores of the first and follow-up visits (p-value=0.002). Conclusion: In this study, there was a significant association between the 24-hour PUQE score and the well-being score at both visits. Stratifying the severity of NVP objectively will guide us to choose the appropriate treatment and reduce the need for hospitalisation.

Effects of participatory 'A'rt-Based Activity On 'Health' of Older Community-Dwellers: results from a randomized control trial of the Singapore A-Health Intervention.

The practice of participatory art has been found to support the promotion, prevention, and management of health across the lifespan. However, clinical trials investigating the benefits of creative activities curated with and conducted in museums among older adults in East Asia remains limited. The current research utilized a single-site, open-label randomized control trial (RCT) to evaluate a standardized Participatory 'A'rt-Based Activity On 'Health' of Older Community-Dwellers - the Singapore A-Health Intervention. Outcome measures include frailty as assessed by the Centre of Excellence on Longevity Self-administered Questionnaire, wellbeing as assessed by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scales, and quality of life as assessed by the EuroQol-5D. 112 participants aged 60 and above were randomized into the intervention group (n = 56) or an inactive control group (n = 56). Participants completed four standardized online self-administered assessments at baseline, 5-week, 9-week and 12-week follow-up during the intervention period. Linear mixed model analyses revealed no statistically significant differences between the intervention group and control group for all outcome measures. However, within the intervention group, a consistent significant reduction in frailty was observed across time from baseline to 9 weeks (MD -0.44, 95% CI -0.85 to -0.039, p = 0.032), 5-weeks to 9-weeks (MD -0.64, 95% CI -1.03 to -0.24, p = 0.002), and 5-weeks to 12-weeks (MD -0.51, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.10, p = 0.014). Moreover, the post-test mean wellbeing score in the intervention group significantly improved over time at 9-weeks (MD 1.65, 95% CI 0.09 to 3.22, p = 0.039) and 12-week (MD 2.42, 95% CI 0.67 to 4.16, p = 0.006) as compared to baseline scores. The findings demonstrate the potential of a structured art and museum-based intervention as a resource for promoting health among aging populations. Such benefits transcend social, cultural, and societal contexts. ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT05945589.

Maternal healthy lifestyle score and psychological well-being: secondary analyses of the PEARS RCT

Abstract Background The associations between lifestyle behaviours and well-being are still poorly understood, particularly in the antenatal period when women are potentially exposed to increased stress and anxiety. Moreover, lifestyle behaviours have often been investigated individually, while a Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS) comprising low-risk protective lifestyle behaviours can be useful for studying links between overall lifestyle and health and psychosocial outcomes. Therefore, our aim was to study associations between maternal HLS in early and late pregnancy and psychological well-being. We focused on women with overweight and obesity (OWOB), as they may be at higher risk of psychosocial vulnerability. Methods Secondary analyses were conducted with data from the PEARS (Pregnancy Exercise And nutrition Research Study) trial, a randomized controlled trial of a diet and exercise lifestyle intervention with smartphone application support to prevent gestational diabetes. HLSs (scored 0-5) based on information about maternal diet (AHEI-P), exercise (MET-minutes), alcohol consumption, smoking, and sleep habits were created for 334 and 289 mothers in early (14-16 weeks gestation) and late pregnancy (28 weeks gestation), respectively. Higher HLSs indicate a healthier overall lifestyle. Correlations and regression analyses examined HLS associations with well-being (WHO-5, scored 0-100) in early and late pregnancy. Results Mean pregravid BMI was 29.2. Mean well-being score was 56.3 in early and 60.7 in late pregnancy. In early pregnancy, 18% of mothers scored 0-2 on HLS, 35% scored 3, and 47% scored 4-5. In late pregnancy, this was 27%, 34% and 39% respectively. Preliminary results show significant positive associations between HLSs and well-being at both time points (r's ranging between 0.16 and 0.29, all p &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions Higher adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviours in mothers with OWOB was linked with higher well-being throughout pregnancy. Key messages • Many pregnant women with OWOB do not adhere to a healthy lifestyle. • Well-being and a healthy lifestyle are related throughout pregnancy.

Slow Digestible Starch in Native Pea Starch (Pisum sativum L.) Lowers Glycemic Response with No Adverse Effects on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Adults.

Diabetes prevalence achieved 470B in 2021. Diabetics are looking for foods that allow them to better manage the postprandial glycemia. Owing to its large amylose fraction, pea starch may contribute to formulate recipes with a lower glycemic index (GI). This study measured the rapidly, slowly digested and resistant fractions in pea starch and in a powder mix recipe. Starch fractions were determined according to the Englyst methodology. A nonblind repeat measure crossover design trial in healthy humans was used to study the GI of pea starch and maltodextrin powder mix recipes against glucose. Gastrointestinal symptoms were measured. Thirteen healthy volunteers aged 18-60 years with body mass index <30 kg/m2 and fasting blood glucose <6.1 mmol/L participated in the study. They consumed 25 g available carbohydrate portions of the test products. Blood glucose was measured at -5 and 0 min before consumption till 180 min after starting to eat. The slow digestible starch (SDS) content of native pea starch was 30% of the total starch content. The pea-based powder mix recipe contained 25% SDS in comparison with 9% for the maltodextrin-based recipe. The glucose response after pea starch was significantly lower compared with maltodextrin. The glucose response after pea starch recipe was significantly lower compared with maltodextrin recipe. There was no significant difference in mean scores for well-being and gastrointestinal symptoms after consumption of pea starch and maltodextrin or between the two recipes. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the presence of high SDS content in pea starch, which reduced postprandial glycemic response compared with maltodextrin. The pea starch recipe did not induce any negative gastrointestinal symptoms. Pea starch may, therefore, prove to be a beneficial ingredient in developing food products for improving glycemic control without undesirable side effects.

Exploring online experiences, cyberbullying and wellbeing for young people looked after in Wales: An analysis of the school health research network 2017/18 survey

For young people the online world affords creative, entertainment and socialisation opportunities but also poses risks including cyberbullying, grooming and harmful content. Little is known about online experiences of care-experienced young people, a vulnerable group who may benefit from online experiences but may be at increased risk online. This cross-sectional study used data from 11- to 16-year-olds in Wales from the School Health Research Network (SHRN) Student Health and Wellbeing Survey 2017/18 ( n = 103,971). Cyberbullying, face-to-face bullying and other online experiences were analysed. The prevalence of these experiences and associated mean wellbeing scores were compared for young people in care ( n = 1,921) and not in care ( n = 83,551), controlling for socio-demographic variables gender, ethnicity and year group. Higher numbers of young people in care were involved in cyberbullying, bullying, sharing explicit images, problematic social media use and regular contact with online only friends. These online experiences were associated with lower mean wellbeing scores. Lower numbers of young people in care had access to smartphones and social networking sites from age 12, and lower numbers were regularly in online contact with close friends and a wider peer group. These online experiences were associated with higher mean wellbeing scores. Young people in care appear to be less involved with online experiences that positively impact wellbeing and more involved in online experiences that negatively impact wellbeing. Promoting positive online experiences and education around problematic social media use may be particularly valuable in helping young people living in care develop healthy, safe and positive online lives.

Are we well? A post-pandemic snapshot of dental educator wellness, well-being, and fulfillment.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented changes to oral care and dental education delivery. To date, the vast majority of studies focus on the impact COVID-19 had on the well-being and wellness of patients, practitioners, and students; however, limited literature addresses the pandemic's impact on dental educators. The aim of this study was to investigate the wellness, well-being, and fulfillment of dental educators in the years following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Following Institutional Review Board approval, an anonymous electronic Qualtrics survey was emailed to full-time and adjunct faculty across five (5) dental education institutions in the US. Faculty self-reported on their wellness, general well-being, physical well-being, mental well-being, fulfillment, and work-life balance. Group differences were examined using analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer test for multiple comparisons at the p<0.05 level. The results revealed females and younger dental faculty members reported statistically significantly lower levels of wellness (F2, 123 =11.16, p<0.001, F3, 121 =8.53, p<0.001), physical (F2, 123 =11.53, p<0.001, F3, 121 =5.54, p=0.001) and mental well-being (F2, 123 =12.49, p<0.001, F3, 121 =8.63, p<0.001), fulfillment (F3, 121 =5.01, p<0.003), and higher levels of burnout (F2, 123 =5.53, p=0.005, F3, 121 =4.85, p<0.003). Those who expressed higher levels of burnout also had statistically lower mean well-being scores (F4, 119 =10.54, p<0.001). Females also reported a significantly lower work-life balance score compared to male respondents (F2, 121 =10.37, p<0.002). Despite the social and environmental challenges faced over the last couple of years post-pandemic, dental educators demonstrate a quick ability to adapt, however, disproportional differences in gender and age groups were identified as being significantly correlated to dental educators' self-reports on wellness, well-being, and fulfillment. Insight into these variables can help inform strategies in the academic setting to help support and strengthen the academic workforce.

Using Aromatherapy to Improve Nighttime Comfort in Hospitalized Patients With Cancer: A Pilot Study.

Sleep disturbances have been shown to have negative health effects leading to inferior well-being, increased fatigue, and impaired performance. For hospitalized patients receiving oncology care, improving nighttime comfort may positively affect well-being and health outcomes, leading to decreased length of stay. Aromatherapy can improve sleep quantity and quality. This pilot study aimed to determine whether aromatherapy improves nighttime comfort, in particular well-being and sleep quality, for hospitalized patients with cancer. This quasi-experimental pilot study with a single-arm pre-/post-test design evaluated the effects of nighttime aromatherapy for hospitalized patients with cancer. Measures were the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. A total of 34 hospitalized patients with cancer participated. After aromatherapy, mean well-being scores improved significantly. Mean sleep quality scores also improved but did not reach significance. Of participants who submitted open-ended responses, 20 of 22 described a positive experience with aromatherapy, including better sleep, relaxation, soothing effects, and nausea relief.

The mental wellbeing of female prisoners in Chile

ObjectiveTo measure and understand mental wellbeing among women prisoners in Chile, as part of a larger study.ResultSixty-eight sentenced prisoners in a women’s prison participated in a survey, giving a response rate of 56.7%. Using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), the mean wellbeing score of participants was 53.77 out of maximum score of 70. Whilst 90% of the 68 women felt useful at least some of the time, 25% rarely felt relaxed, close to others or able to make up their own minds about things. Data generated from two focus groups attended by six women offered explanations for survey findings. Thematic analysis identified stress and loss of autonomy due to the prison regime as factors which negatively affect mental wellbeing. Interestingly, whilst offering prisoners an opportunity to feel useful, work was identified as a source of stress. Interpersonal factors linked to a lack of safe friendships within the prison and little contact with family had an adverse impact on mental wellbeing. The routine measurement of mental wellbeing among prisoners using the WEMWBS is recommended in Chile and other Latin American countries to identify the impact of policies, regimes, healthcare systems and programmes on mental health and wellbeing.

National norms of mental health for Denmark

Introduction To facilitate interpretation and clinical utility of patient-reported outcomes, normative data provide a reference for a person’s score on a particular outcome in relation to the general population. This study reports Danish general population norms for four mental health indicators, assessing social functioning (Sheehan Disability Scale, SDS) personal recovery (Brief INSPIRE-O), symptom burden (Symptom Check List-10, SCL-10) and subjective well-being (WHO-5). Methods The study was a cross-sectional survey study organized by the State’s statistical authority among the general population of adult Danish residents in Denmark, ranging in age between 18 to 79 years. Results A total of 8003 citizens were contacted including reminders from 2 March 2019 to 11 April 2019 by electronic letters, resulting in 2819 (35%) citizens providing complete responses. Female gender, higher age, Danish origin and living with a partner were associated with increased participation, and decreased participation was observed in male immigrants. We found a mean score of subjective well-being slightly lower than the population norm typically found in Danish general population studies. Elderly persons, Danes, and persons living with a partner reported better subjective mental health. Subjective well-being and personal recovery were positively correlated with social contacts and self-reported general health rating, and negatively correlated with social functioning and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Conclusion This normative data provides a reference for interpreting mental health status. Our findings indicate slightly poorer subjective mental health than previously found. There is a need for special attention to engaging male immigrants in studies on mental health in the general population.

Mental health and wellbeing of health and aged care workers in Australia, May 2021 - June 2022: a longitudinal cohort study.

To assess the mental health and wellbeing of health and aged care workers in Australia during the second and third years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, overall and by occupation group. Longitudinal cohort study of health and aged care workers (ambulance, hospitals, primary care, residential aged care) in Victoria: May-July 2021 (survey 1), October-December 2021 (survey 2), and May-June 2022 (survey 3). Proportions of respondents (adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status) reporting moderate to severe symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, GAD-7), or post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale-6, IES-6), burnout (abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, aMBI), or high optimism (10-point visual analogue scale); mean scores (adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status) for wellbeing (Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult, PWI-A) and resilience (Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 2, CD-RISC-2). A total of 1667 people responded to at least one survey (survey 1, 989; survey 2, 1153; survey 3, 993; response rate, 3.3%). Overall, 1211 survey responses were from women (72.6%); most respondents were hospital workers (1289, 77.3%) or ambulance staff (315, 18.9%). The adjusted proportions of respondents who reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression (survey 1, 16.4%; survey 2, 22.6%; survey 3, 19.2%), anxiety (survey 1, 8.8%; survey 2, 16.0%; survey 3, 11.0%), or post-traumatic stress (survey 1, 14.6%; survey 2, 35.1%; survey 3, 14.9%) were each largest for survey 2. The adjusted proportions of participants who reported moderate to severe symptoms of burnout were higher in surveys 2 and 3 than in survey 1, and the proportions who reported high optimism were smaller in surveys 2 and 3 than in survey 1. Adjusted mean scores for wellbeing and resilience were similar at surveys 2 and 3 and lower than at survey 1. The magnitude but not the patterns of change differed by occupation group. Burnout was more frequently reported and mean wellbeing and resilience scores were lower in mid-2022 than in mid-2021 for Victorian health and aged care workers who participated in our study. Evidence-based mental health and wellbeing programs for workers in health care organisations are needed. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12621000533897 (observational study; retrospective).

Self-Report Measurement of Well-Being in Autistic Adults: Psychometric Properties of the PERMA Profiler.

Studies of positive psychology and emotional well-being have broadened our understanding of mental health. However, mental health research involving autistic adults has been largely deficit-focused. Few studies have examined well-being using established positive psychological frameworks. This study examined the psychometric characteristics of the PERMA Profiler, a 23-item questionnaire that measures well-being across five subscales (Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment), in a sample of 517 autistic adults ages 18-84 years (M = 39.5, standard deviation [SD] = 13.3). Reliability (internal consistency), structural validity (via confirmatory factor analysis including bifactor modeling), and concurrent validity were examined. The PERMA Profiler mean (SD) well-being score was 5.4 (SD = 1.7), which is notably lower than the mean of 7.0 previously found in nonautistic samples. Subscale scores were highest for Engagement (M = 6.8; SD = 1.9), followed by Accomplishment (M = 5.6; SD = 2.2), Relationships (M = 5.2; SD = 2.6), Meaning (M = 5.2; SD = 2.7), and Positive emotion (M = 5.0; SD = 2.4). Factor analyses revealed strong psychometrics (Cronbach's α = 0.93; Comparative Fit Index = 0.94; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.97; root mean square error of approximation = 0.08; standardized root mean residual = 0.05) and superior fit of the bifactor model, supporting a general factor for conceptualizing well-being as opposed to a five-factor model. PERMA well-being and subscale scores were significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with mental health conditions and life satisfaction. These findings support use of an adapted version of the PERMA Profiler in mental health research to evaluate well-being among autistic adults. Similar to studies with nonautistic populations, the Engagement measure may not capture the experiences of the autistic population and further refinement is needed. Follow-up research should represent a more diverse autistic population, collaborate with autistic coinvestigators, and explore potential correlates of well-being (such as social stigma) while using the PERMA Profiler.