Mean Weight Research Articles

Biochar affects organic carbon composition and stability in highly acidic tea plantation soil

Biochar amendments are effective in stabilizing soil aggregates and improving soil organic carbon (SOC) content. However, the effects of biochar on highly acidic soil and their relation with soil SOC stability remain understudied. The study aimed to investigate the impact of biochar on changes of aggregate distribution and SOC stability in a highly acidic tea plantation soils over an eight-year period. Soil samples were collected from plots with varying biochar application amounts (0, 2.5 t ha−1, 5 t ha−1, 10 t ha−1, 20 t ha−1 and 40 t ha−1). The content of SOC, iron bound organic carbon (OC-Fe), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) and the functional group composition of SOC was analyzed. The results indicated that in the biochar application treatments, the value of soil pH, SOC, POC and MAOC contents were increased from 3.92 to 4.28, 6.68%–187.02%, 8.31%–66.78% and 13.07%–236.47% respectively, compared with CK, while the content of macro-aggregate (particle size>0.25 mm) and soil aggregates mean weight diameter (MWD) significantly increased with higher biochar application amounts. But dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and OC-Fe content exhibited downward trend, decreased from 2.43% to 6.97% and 4.18%–19.91%. Furthermore, aromatic-C levels increased, with increased biochar application amounts. The integration of biochar not only bolstered soil aggregate stability but also amplified the presence of aromatic-C, thereby enhancing the resilience of organic carbon in highly acidic tea garden soil (BC40 > BC20 > BC5>BC2.5 > BC10 > CK), with increases ranging from 6% to 47%. The principal component analysis and structural equation modeling identified soil pH, TN, SOC, POC, MAOC, R > 0.25 and MWD as key factors of soil organic carbon stability. These findings provide crucial insights into the mechanism underlying biochar's efficiency in fortifying organic carbon stability, particularly in the context of highly acidic soil.

Semaglutide in patients with kidney failure and obesity undergoing dialysis and wishing to be transplanted: A prospective, observational, open-label study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and obesity are major global health challenges, eventually leading to kidney replacement therapy (KRT), but body mass index (BMI) thresholds hinder kidney transplantation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists induce weight loss, thereby offering attractive treatment options; however, their safety and efficacy have not been systematically investigated in patients undergoing dialysis. We conducted a prospective 12-week, open-label trial with 13 patients who had a BMI ≥ 30.00 kg/m2, were undergoing dialysis (12 haemodialysis and 1 peritoneal dialysis) and had not been listed for transplantation due to their weight. Semaglutide was administered once weekly subcutaneously, and the dose was increased from 0.25 mg to 0.5 mg and then to 1 mg. Study endpoints included change in body weight and BMI (primary - statistically evaluated by repeated measures analysis of variance [ANOVA]), side effects, adverse events, blood parameters and patient-reported outcomes (secondary). At baseline, the mean age ± standard deviation of patients was 64.0 ± 6.4 years, the mean weight was 113.9 ± 16.6 kg, and the mean BMI was 37.3 ± 3.9 kg/m2. At week 12, average weight reduction under semaglutide treatment was 4.6 ± 2.4 kg and ranged from 2.0 to 9.7 kg (p < 0.001 for weight and BMI reduction across the study period). One patient discontinued treatment due to nausea/vomiting, two patients died of unrelated causes and six patients reported side effects. Approximately 9 months after the treatment started, three patients were able to seriously reconsider being listed for transplantation. Semaglutide treatment resulted in significant reduction in weight and BMI in patients with obesity undergoing dialysis, while maintaining an acceptable side effect profile comparable to that of the non-dialysis population.

The Effect of Cyperus esculentus on Sperm Function Parameters in Prepubertal Mice as a Model for Human

The objective of this work was to study the effect of oral administration of Cyperus esculentus (CE) and its alcoholic extract on sperm function parameters in prepubertal mice as a model for human .The animals were divided into three groups each contains 6 animals .Group 1 was treated with 150 mg/ kg body weight /day of crude CE, group 2 was treated with same dose of alcohol extract of CE and group 3 regarded as control throughout six weeks period. The results showed a significant (p&gt; 0.05) increase in the mean of sperm concentration ,sperm motility percent and progressive sperm motility between treated groups and control . There was no differences among groups in the mean of sperm normal morphology and sperm viability . No significant differences was recorded in the mean of body weight among groups throughout the study. The results revealed that the administration of Cyperus esculentus may enhance certain sperm characters in prepubertal mice without affecting body weight.

Diet and biological characteristics of Atlantic Tomcod or Punamu, Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum, 1792) in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia

Atlantic tomcod are abundant in the Bay of Fundy, but their diet is unreported for Minas Basin. In this study prey content and biological characteristics of tomcod collected in the Avon River estuary of Minas Basin were examined. Their diet was numerically dominated by the amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas, 1766) (Rate of Occurrence (RO) = 73.2%). Other major prey taxa consumed included Crangon septemspinosa Say, 1818 (29.3%), Gammarus spp. (19.5%), Polychaeta (14.6%), Portunidae (12.2%), Teleostei (9.8%), Isopoda (7.3%), andMollusca (3.3%). Of stomachs examined only 8.9% contained unidentifiable prey items. Every tomcod examined except one contained prey and the fullness index (HI) varied between 0.01-5.85%. Both mean total length and total body weight of females was significantly greater than for males (254 mm vs 202 mm; 143 g vs 78 g), and the condition factor (K) of both sexes was similar throughout the sampling period (Mean ± SD; 0.79 ± 0.13). Both mean male and female gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased significantly when approaching the winter spawning period, rising from 1.2 in early October to 11.6 by mid-December.The diversity of prey consumed indicated that tomcod fed opportunis-tically, but their predominate consumption of C. volutator was likely linked to the large populations of this amphipod on the intertidal mudflats of Minas Basin. Keywords: Atlantic tomcod, Bay of Fundy, condition factor, Corophium volutator, fullness index, gonadosomatic index

The effect of pre-partum shearing of Corriedale ewes on placental and lamb development and neonatal behaviour.

To evaluate the effects of early and late pre-partum shearing of Corriedale ewes carrying single fetuses on placental and lamb development and neonatal lamb behaviour. At 70 days of gestation, 37 multiparous Corriedale ewes with known gestation dates were randomly allocated into three groups: S70 (n = 12) and S110 (n = 12), shorn at Day 70 and 110 of gestation, and US (n = 13), that were not shorn pre-partum. Gestation length, lambing duration, placental expulsion time, placental weight, number and weight of cotyledons, and placental efficiency (lamb weight/placental weight) were determined. At birth, body temperature, weight, morphometric measurements, ponderal index (lamb weight/lamb crown-rump length) and behaviour were recorded, with weight remeasured 72 hours later. Four male lambs per group were slaughtered immediately after parturition, and organ weight and perirenal brown fat weight and energy content recorded. Pre-partum shearing, regardless of timing, increased total dried placental weight per ewe. Pre-partum shearing at Day 70 of gestation increased the number and mean weight of the > 2 to ≤ 3-cm cotyledons, while pre-partum shearing at Day 110 of gestation increased only the weight of these cotyledons. At birth and at 72 hours, lambs from ewes shorn either at 70 days of gestation (birth: 5.5 (95% CI = 4.6-6.4) kg, p = 0.001; 72 hours: 6.4 (95% CI = 6.1-6.8) kg, p = 0.002) or at 110 days of gestation (birth: 5.4 (95% CI = 4.4-6.4) kg, p = 0.001; 72 hours: 6.5 (95% CI = 5.9-7.1) kg, p = 0.001) were heavier than lambs from unshorn ewes (birth: 4.0 (95% CI = 3.3-4.8) kg; 72 hours: 4.8 (95% CI = 3.5-6.1) kg). Lambs born to S70 and S110 ewes suckled sooner (31.5 (95% CI = 14.5-48.5) minutes, p = 0.001; and 39.3 (95% CI = 23.7-55.0) minutes, p = 0.001 respectively), than lambs born to the US group (70.3 (95% CI = 38.6-102.1) minutes). There was no evidence for an effect of pre-partum shearing on gestation length, parturition length, time of placental expulsion, placental efficiency, weight and energy of perirenal brown fat, and lamb temperature at birth. Shearing ewes pre-partum may lead to placental changes affecting lamb development and behaviour and associated with higher survival. The findings suggest pre-partum shearing may improve lamb survival, farm profitability and sustainability.

INCIDENCE, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC, AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANOVULATORY INFERTILITY AMONG WOMEN PRESENTING TO A SECONDARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTH INDIA

Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the incidence and factors associated with anovulatory infertility among reproductive-age women. Methods: The study was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a secondary care hospital of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh over a period of 20 months, from October 2020 to May 2022. A consecutive sampling method was used to recruit a total of 100 women presenting with a complaint of inability to conceive even after regular intercourse over the past 1 year into the present research. Based on the detailed physical and clinical examination as well as laboratory findings, the final diagnosis of the cause and the nature of the infertility (primary/secondary) were established. Results: Among the 100 patients, 22 were found to have anovulatory infertility. The mean age was 28.68±3.71 years. Majority (50%) belonged to the upper socioeconomic class the mean weight of patients was 55.91±5.66 kg and the mean body mass index was 22.85±2.21 kg/m2. Majority presented with normal menstruation, followed by oligomenorrhoea (45.5%). 81.8% of the participants had hirsutism. The mean follicle-stimulating hormone of patients was 6.30±1.87 IU/mL, the mean luteinizing hormone was 6.04±1.83 IU/mL, mean estradiol was 45.00±6.50 pg/mL, mean anti-mullerian hormone was 6.94±2.13 ng/mL, mean total cholesterol was 76.21±16.86 ng/dL, mean thyroid stimulating hormone was 2.63±0.98 mIU/L and mean prolactin was 15.94±4.94 ng/mL. About 86.4% had primary infertility, the most common cause being polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS, 63.6%). This was followed by hyperprolactinemia (13.6%) and hypothyroidism (9.2%). Secondary anovulation associated with obesity was identified in 13.6% of the patients. Conclusion: The incidence of anovulatory infertility was 22%, with the majority being primary infertility due to PCOS, followed by hyperprolactinemia, and hypothyroidism.

12525 Feline Hypersomatotropism In The USA And Canada: Demographics Of 4620 Cats With Presumed Acromegaly

Abstract Disclosure: R.J. Egbert: None. R.C. Fowkes: None. S.J. Niessen: None. B.K. Petroff: None. Spontaneous models of endocrinopathies are powerful tools to understand disease etiology. Endocrine diseases in companion animals are particularly useful to study, as they share their environment with humans and typically present with clinical disease that phenocopies human symptoms. One such disease in domestic cats, hypersomatotropism (HST, feline acromegaly), is a disorder of excessive growth hormone and increased IGF-1 (Insulin like Growth Factor 1), usually caused by hyperplasia or neuroendocrine tumors of the pars distalis of the pituitary gland. This retrospective study used serum IGF-1 results to investigate population characteristics for domestic cats with HST in the United States and Canada. Laboratory records from 1Jan06 to 31Dec22 were reviewed and animals with a circulating IGF-1 hormone concentration of 190 nmol/L (1,450 ng/mL) or greater were presumed to have acromegaly. This review identified 4,620 such cats with a mean age (n=4,351) of 11.2 years (median: 11.2, range: .5-20.3yr) and mean weight (n=2,086) of 6.03 Kg (median: 5.91, range: 2.27-15.0 Kg). Males outnumbered females in the database, which included 3,048 males and 1,181 females. Domestic Short/Medium/Longhair cats were the most prevalent breed (n=3,563; 77%), followed by Maine Coon cats (n=120; 2.6%) and Siamese cats (n=111, 2.4%). Just under half of the animals (n=2,037, 44%) had a history of diabetes mellitus on the submission form. Most submissions were from the US (n=4,347, 94%) with the most hypersomatotropic cats from California (n=841, 18.2%), New York (n=604, 13.1%), Massachusetts (n=402, 8.7%), Colorado (225, 4.9%), and Texas (200, 4.3%). The mean serum IGF-1 concentration of these animals was 358 nmol/mL (median: 345, range 190-761 nmol/mL). For comparison, an age and sex matched control group of 95 animals with residual samples previously submitted for unrelated testing was selected. The mean IGF-1 concentration for the control group was 97 nmol/mL (median: 85, range 0-311 nmol/mL). In summary, HST is diagnosed most frequently in older male cats in urbanized North America, and potentially displays some breed disposition, suggesting both a genetic and environmental component to the disease etiology. Presentation: 6/2/2024

6931 Weight Trends and Predictors of Weight Gain in Breast Cancer Survivors

Abstract Disclosure: M.D. Hurtado: None. E. Tama: None. D. Hodge: None. A. Weston: None. S. Fahad: None. K. Ruddy: None. J. Olson: None. F. Coach: None. R. Carter: None. S. D'Andre: None. A. Acosta: Consulting Fee; Self; Amgen Inc. Grant Recipient; Self; Vivus USA, Novo Nordisk. C. Shufelt: None. Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. Weight gain after treatment for early-stage BC is associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Excess adiposity is also a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of non-BC related death in BC survivors. This study aimed to describe weight trends in a large cohort of BC survivors and to identify predictors of weight gain after BC diagnosis. Methods: This was a retrospective study of BC survivors from the prospectively consented Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer Registry, which has enrolled &amp;gt;10,000 patients seen at least once at Mayo Clinic Rochester for a BC diagnosed within the prior year. We extracted data on weights at baseline, and years 1, 4, and 6 after BC diagnosis to generate longitudinal weight trajectory curves on the change from baseline. Weights were either reported by patients in the registry questionnaires or extracted from the electronic health records. We identified BC survivors with weight gain &amp;gt;10% from baseline weight at years 1, 4, and 6. We then conducted univariable logistic regression analyses to identify predictors of &amp;gt;10% weight gain. Variables considered included: demographics, anthropometrics, BC clinical and pathologic characteristics, BRCA 1 and 2 genetic mutation status, and treatment (surgery, neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy). Results: We included 4744 BC survivors, mostly white (95%) and non-Hispanic (91%), with a mean age and weight at BC diagnosis of 58 ± 13 years and 76 ± 18 kg. Most patients had clinical stage I (43%) and ER+ and PR+ BC (83% and 76%, respectively). Most patients underwent breast preserving surgery (62%), half received radiation (54%), one third (36%) received systemic chemotherapy, and two thirds (61%) received endocrine therapy. At one year after BC diagnosis the average weight change was negligible compared to baseline (mean difference -0.2 ± 8 kg), but there were small but significant average increases by years 4 and 6 (0.5 ± 9 kg, p=0.002; and 0.8 ± 10 kg, p&amp;lt;0.001; respectively). At years 1, 4, and 6, the percentage of BC survivors gaining &amp;gt;10% of their baseline weight was 10%, 15%, and 18%, respectively. Baseline characteristics associated with &amp;gt;10% weight gain at 6 years included lower baseline weight (p&amp;lt;0.001), younger age at BC diagnosis (p&amp;lt;0.001), more advanced clinical and pathologic BC stage (p=0.008), ER+ and PR+ tumor biology (p=0.02 for both), BRCA2 mutation (p&amp;lt;0.001), mastectomy (compared to breast preserving surgeries, p=0.008), the use of systemic chemotherapy treatment (p&amp;lt;0.001), and the use of endocrine therapy (p=0.03). Conclusion: While most BC survivors do not experience weight gain after survivorship, 1 out 5 may experience excessive weight gain of more than 10%. Baseline anthropometric and BC-related variables are associated with excessive weight gain and could be used as predictors of weight gain in this population. Presentation: 6/3/2024

GLP-1 receptor agonists are a transformative prehabilitation tool for weight loss in obese patients undergoing elective hernia repair.

Obesity is an independent risk factor for complications after abdominal hernia repair. Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are gaining popularity as pharmacologic weight loss adjuncts and may help patients reach weight loss goals for surgery. We examine our early experience utilizing GLP-1 agonists versus lifestyle modifications alone to achieve weight loss in patients before elective hernia repair. This single-center, retrospective review identified obese patients who underwent elective hernia repair from 2014 to 2023. Patients were asked to achieve a BMI ≤ 33kg/m2 before surgery. Patients who lost weight with GLP-1 therapy in addition to lifestyle changes were compared to a control cohort that achieved similar preoperative weight loss without GLP-1 therapy. Primary outcome was mean time from GLP-1 agonist initiation and initial surgery clinic visit to surgery. Secondary outcomes were 30-day morbidity, mortality, and reoperation rates, and hernia recurrence. Forty-six patients with ventral/incisional, flank, umbilical, parastomal, inguinal, and hiatal hernias were identified (GLP-1 N = 24, control N = 22). 81.8% (N = 18) of controls had a ventral/incisional hernia, compared to 45.8% (N = 11) of GLP-1 patients (p = 0.03). Mean BMI at GLP-1 agonist initiation was similar to mean BMI at initial clinic visit for controls (38.1 ± 4.9 vs 38.2 ± 2.7kg/m2, p = 0.66). Preoperative mean percentage total weight loss (14.9 ± 7.5 vs 12.4 ± 6.9kg, p = 0.39) and mean BMI reduction (6.0 ± 3.8 vs 4.9 ± 2.3kg/m2, p = 0.43) were similar between groups. The mean time from GLP-1 agonist initiation to surgery was significantly shorter than initial clinic visit to surgery for controls (6.3 ± 4.0 vs 14.7 ± 17.6months, p = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference in time from initial clinic visit to surgery between groups (7.6 ± 4.4 vs 14.7 ± 17.6months, p = 0.06). There was no significant difference in 30-day morbidity between groups (8.3 vs 27.3%, p = 0.13). GLP-1 agonists accelerate preoperative weight loss for obese hernia patients without negatively impacting postoperative outcomes.

9210 Nephron specific ATP6AP2 knockout reduces renal fat accumulation in mice consuming high fat diet

Abstract Disclosure: S.A. Culver: None. J. Balugo: None. M. Jansen: None. T. Harris: None. H.M. Siragy: None. Diet induced obesity causes increased renal fat accumulation in both humans and mice which contributes to obesity related kidney injury. We have previously shown that mice with nephron specific ATP6AP2 knockout (KO) consuming high fat diet (HFD) are resistant to weight gain due to increased urinary excretion of glucose, albumin, and fatty acids. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful imaging modality for quantifying organ fat content in live animals though there are few reports of its use quantifying fat in murine kidney. We hypothesized that nephron specific ATP6AP2 knockout inhibits renal fat accumulation with HFD and that we would be able to detect this using MRI. Eight-week-old male wild type (WT) or inducible nephron specific ATP6AP2 KO mice underwent either induction with oral doxycycline or received sucrose water as controls before being placed on either normal diet (ND) (12% fat) or HFD (45% fat) for 3 months. Mice were then imaged using a 9.4 Tesla Bruker BioSpin MRI to determine both liver and kidney cortex fat content. The mean weight of WT HFD mice was 36.03 g compared to 29.03 g in WT ND controls. ND fed and HFD fed KO mice weighed 22.74 g and 23.03 g respectively. MRI showed significant 67% (p&amp;lt;0.05) increase in liver fat content in WT HFD compared to WT ND fed controls, confirming the ability of our MRI technique to detect expected differences in organ fat content. In renal cortex, MRI detected a 54% (p&amp;lt;0.05) increase in lipid content for WT HFD mice compared to WT ND controls. Nephron specific ATP6AP2 KO on HFD demonstrated reduced renal cortical lipid content by 36% (p&amp;lt;0.05) compared to WT HFD controls. These results indicate that ATP6AP2 KO is associated with reduced renal fat accumulation that is measurable with in vivo MRI. MRI therefore represents a valuable tool for studying renal sequelae of obesity in live murine models. Future investigation should examine whether ATP6AP2 KO prevents renal lipotoxicity and kidney injury in the setting of obesity. Presentation: 6/3/2024

12233 Weight Gain Following Thyroidectomy For Benign Conditions

Abstract Disclosure: A. Krueger: None. A. Chiu: None. S. Pabich: None. S. Syed: None. A. Poloju: None. S. Holoubek: None. Background: Weight gain is a common complaint of patients with hypothyroidism irrespective of etiology that causes dissatisfaction and decreased quality. Patients often report thyroidectomy as the precipitating event leading to subsequent weight gain and resistance to weight loss. Reported data on body weight changes following surgery are conflicting and there is limited literature on patients with benign pathologies. The average weight gain in the general population has been reported as 0.5/year. The primary outcome of this study was to determine if patients undergoing thyroidectomy for benign conditions experienced greater than expected weight gain compared to the general population when TSH values were controlled. Secondary outcomes assessed were whether pre-operative disease pathology or antibody status affected weight changes. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 325 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for benign conditions from January 2015 to December 2020 using the University of Wisconsin Thyroid Surgery Database. The weight change was determined from the time of surgery to the following intervals: 1-2 years, 2-5 years, and &amp;gt;5 years. Study groups were then compared by pathology and presence of antibodies. Exclusion criteria included age &amp;lt;18 years, thyroid cancer, pregnancy within one-year post-surgery, incomplete weight or TSH data, post-operative gastric-bypass surgery, and patients who were not euthyroid pre- and post-op. Results: Our patient population (n=219) gained a mean of 1.58 kg at the 1-2 year interval. There was no significant difference in weight gain based on pathology or antibody status. At the 2-5 year interval, the average weight gain was 2.05 kg and those with antibodies had significantly higher weight gain. Patients with TPO antibodies (n=34) gained a mean weight of 4.58 kg, and those with TRAB and or TSI antibodies (n=17) gained a mean weight of 4.67 kg. Those with both types of antibodies (n=10) did not have any significant weight gain. Conclusion: Conservatively, the expected weight gain of the general population over 2-5 years is 2.5 kg. Using a logistic regression model, patients with autoimmune thyroid disease had twice the odds of gaining more weight than expected by 2-5 years. The presence of auto-immune thyroid antibodies may serve as a target population for intensive weight management programs following surgery. Presentation: 6/1/2024

12233 Weight Gain Following Thyroidectomy For Benign Conditions

Abstract Disclosure: A. Krueger: None. A. Chiu: None. S. Pabich: None. S. Syed: None. A. Poloju: None. S. Holoubek: None. Background: Weight gain is a common complaint of patients with hypothyroidism irrespective of etiology that causes dissatisfaction and decreased quality. Patients often report thyroidectomy as the precipitating event leading to subsequent weight gain and resistance to weight loss. Reported data on body weight changes following surgery are conflicting and there is limited literature on patients with benign pathologies. The average weight gain in the general population has been reported as 0.5/year. The primary outcome of this study was to determine if patients undergoing thyroidectomy for benign conditions experienced greater than expected weight gain compared to the general population when TSH values were controlled. Secondary outcomes assessed were whether pre-operative disease pathology or antibody status affected weight changes. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 325 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for benign conditions from January 2015 to December 2020 using the University of Wisconsin Thyroid Surgery Database. The weight change was determined from the time of surgery to the following intervals: 1-2 years, 2-5 years, and &amp;gt;5 years. Study groups were then compared by pathology and presence of antibodies. Exclusion criteria included age &amp;lt;18 years, thyroid cancer, pregnancy within one-year post-surgery, incomplete weight or TSH data, post-operative gastric-bypass surgery, and patients who were not euthyroid pre- and post-op. Results: Our patient population (n=219) gained a mean of 1.58 kg at the 1-2 year interval. There was no significant difference in weight gain based on pathology or antibody status. At the 2-5 year interval, the average weight gain was 2.05 kg and those with antibodies had significantly higher weight gain. Patients with TPO antibodies (n=34) gained a mean weight of 4.58 kg, and those with TRAB and or TSI antibodies (n=17) gained a mean weight of 4.67 kg. Those with both types of antibodies (n=10) did not have any significant weight gain. Conclusion: Conservatively, the expected weight gain of the general population over 2-5 years is 2.5 kg. Using a logistic regression model, patients with autoimmune thyroid disease had twice the odds of gaining more weight than expected by 2-5 years. The presence of auto-immune thyroid antibodies may serve as a target population for intensive weight management programs following surgery. Presentation: 6/1/2024

5184 Tirzepatide Improved Mental and Psychosocial Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Obesity or Overweight: Results from the SURMOUNT-4 phase 3 Trial

Abstract Disclosure: T.M. Gibble: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. D. Cao: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. M. Murphy: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. I. Jouravskaya: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. B. Liao: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. Background: Tirzepatide is a once weekly glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist approved in the U.S. for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. In the phase 3 SURMOUNT-4 trial with randomized withdrawal of tirzepatide maximum tolerated dose (MTD) after the first 36 weeks, continuing tirzepatide for a total of 88 weeks led to a mean weight reduction of 25.3% from baseline compared to 9.9% for those who switched to placebo (PBO).[1] This analysis evaluated the effect of tirzepatide versus PBO on mental and psychosocial health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes using the SURMOUNT-4 trial data. Methods: Adults (n=783) with body mass index ≥30 or ≥27 kg/m2 and ≥1 obesity-related complication (excluding T2D) were enrolled in an open-label lead-in period to receive tirzepatide once weekly subcutaneously for 36 weeks, escalated to MTD (10 mg or 15 mg). At week (W) 36, 670 participants were randomized 1:1 to continue tirzepatide MTD (n=335) or were switched to PBO (n=335) for 52 weeks. HRQoL was evaluated from W0 to W88 using the Short Form-36 Version 2 Health Survey (SF-36 v2) acute form and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite-Clinical Trials Version (IWQOL-Lite-CT), where the last observation before discontinuation was carried forward. Higher scores of SF-36v2 (Mental Component Summary [MCS], role-emotional, and mental health), and IWQOL-Lite-CT (psychosocial composite) reflected better levels of mental function. Least square mean (LSM) changes and estimated treatment differences (ETD) between tirzepatide and PBO were calculated using an analysis of covariance model. Results: LSM changes in mental domain scores for SF-36 v2 and IWQOL-Lite-CT were comparable during lead-in (W0 to W36) between participants randomized to tirzepatide and PBO. Significant improvements were observed from W36 to W88 in SF-36v2 mental domain scores for tirzepatide versus PBO, with LSM scores ( ETD) as follows: MCS, 54.6, 52.9 (1.7, p=0.001); role-emotional, 53.0, 51.1 (1.9, p=0.001), and mental health, 55.4, 52.9 (2.4, p&amp;lt;0.001), respectively. LSM change from W36 to W88 in SF-36 v2 mental domain scores for tirzepatide and PBO were: MCS, 0.1 and -1.6; role-emotional, 0.6 and -1.2, and mental health, 0.3 and -2.1, respectively. Tirzepatide showed significant improvements in IWQOL-Lite-CT psychosocial scores versus PBO from W36 to W88, with LSM scores ( ETD) of 87.7, 75.6 (12.1; p&amp;lt;0.001), respectively. LSM change from W36 to W88 in IWQOL-Lite-CT psychosocial scores for tirzepatide and PBO were 5.1 and -7.0, respectively. Conclusion: In the SURMOUNT-4 trial, adults with overweight or obesity continuing on tirzepatide MTD showed significant and sustained improvements in mental and psychosocial HRQoL compared to those switching to placebo. [1] Sattar N. 59th Annual Meeting European Association for the Study of Diabetes; Oct 2023; Hamburg, Germany. Presentation: 6/1/2024

9229 Tirzepatide Improved Mental and Psychosocial Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Obesity or Overweight: Results from the SURMOUNT-4 phase 3 Trial

Abstract Disclosure: T.M. Gibble: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. D. Cao: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. M. Murphy: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. I. Jouravskaya: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. B. Liao: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. Background: Tirzepatide is a once weekly glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist approved in the U.S. for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. In the phase 3 SURMOUNT-4 trial with randomized withdrawal of tirzepatide maximum tolerated dose (MTD) after the first 36 weeks, continuing tirzepatide for a total of 88 weeks led to a mean weight reduction of 25.3% from baseline compared to 9.9% for those who switched to placebo (PBO).[1] This analysis evaluated the effect of tirzepatide versus PBO on mental and psychosocial health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes using the SURMOUNT-4 trial data. Methods: Adults (n=783) with body mass index ≥30 or ≥27 kg/m2 and ≥1 obesity-related complication (excluding T2D) were enrolled in an open-label lead-in period to receive tirzepatide once weekly subcutaneously for 36 weeks, escalated to MTD (10 mg or 15 mg). At week (W) 36, 670 participants were randomized 1:1 to continue tirzepatide MTD (n=335) or were switched to PBO (n=335) for 52 weeks. HRQoL was evaluated from W0 to W88 using the Short Form-36 Version 2 Health Survey (SF-36 v2) acute form and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite-Clinical Trials Version (IWQOL-Lite-CT), where the last observation before discontinuation was carried forward. Higher scores of SF-36v2 (Mental Component Summary [MCS], role-emotional, and mental health), and IWQOL-Lite-CT (psychosocial composite) reflected better levels of mental function. Least square mean (LSM) changes and estimated treatment differences (ETD) between tirzepatide and PBO were calculated using an analysis of covariance model. Results: LSM changes in mental domain scores for SF-36 v2 and IWQOL-Lite-CT were comparable during lead-in (W0 to W36) between participants randomized to tirzepatide and PBO. Significant improvements were observed from W36 to W88 in SF-36v2 mental domain scores for tirzepatide versus PBO, with LSM scores ( ETD) as follows: MCS, 54.6, 52.9 (1.7, p=0.001); role-emotional, 53.0, 51.1 (1.9, p=0.001), and mental health, 55.4, 52.9 (2.4, p&amp;lt;0.001), respectively. LSM change from W36 to W88 in SF-36 v2 mental domain scores for tirzepatide and PBO were: MCS, 0.1 and -1.6; role-emotional, 0.6 and -1.2, and mental health, 0.3 and -2.1, respectively. Tirzepatide showed significant improvements in IWQOL-Lite-CT psychosocial scores versus PBO from W36 to W88, with LSM scores ( ETD) of 87.7, 75.6 (12.1; p&amp;lt;0.001), respectively. LSM change from W36 to W88 in IWQOL-Lite-CT psychosocial scores for tirzepatide and PBO were 5.1 and -7.0, respectively. Conclusion: In the SURMOUNT-4 trial, adults with overweight or obesity continuing on tirzepatide MTD showed significant and sustained improvements in mental and psychosocial HRQoL compared to those switching to placebo. [1]Sattar N. 59th Annual Meeting European Association for the Study of Diabetes; Oct 2023; Hamburg, Germany. Presentation: 6/1/2024

5183 Tirzepatide Improved Health-Related Quality of Life in People with Obesity or Overweight: Results from SURMOUNT-4 Phase 3 Trial

Abstract Disclosure: T.M. Gibble: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. D. Cao: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. M. Murphy: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. I. Jouravskaya: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. B. Liao: Employee; Self; Employment and stockholder, Eli Lilly and Company. Background: Tirzepatide is approved in the U.S. for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. In the phase 3 SURMOUNT-4 trial with randomized withdrawal of tirzepatide maximum tolerated dose (MTD) after the first 36 weeks, continuing tirzepatide for 88 weeks led to a mean weight reduction of 25.3% from baseline compared to 9.9% for those who switched to placebo (PBO).1 This analysis evaluated the effects of tirzepatide versus PBO on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes using the SURMOUNT-4 trial data. Methods: Adults (n=783) with body mass index ≥30 or ≥27 kg/m2 and ≥1 obesity-related complication (excluding T2D) were enrolled in an open-label lead-in period to receive tirzepatide once weekly for 36 weeks, escalated to MTD (10 mg or 15 mg). At week (W) 36, 670 participants were randomized 1:1 to continue tirzepatide MTD (n=335) or were switched to PBO (n=335) for 52 weeks. HRQoL was evaluated using Short Form-36 Version 2 Health Survey (SF-36 v2) acute form and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite-Clinical Trials Version (IWQOL-Lite-CT), where last observation before discontinuation was carried forward. Higher scores reflected better levels of functioning. Least square means (LSM) and estimated treatment differences (ETD) between tirzepatide versus PBO were calculated using an analysis of covariance model. Proportion of people achieving clinically meaningful improvement (CMI) in SF-36v2 physical functioning score (change from baseline ≥5.76) was also assessed. Results: LSM changes in SF-36 v2 and IWQOL-Lite-CT scores were comparable during lead-in (W0 to W36) between people randomized to tirzepatide and PBO. Significant improvements were observed from W36 to W88 in SF-36v2 Physical Component Score (PCS), Mental Component Score (MCS), and all domains for tirzepatide versus PBO, with LSM (ETD) as follows: PCS, 54.9, 53.1 (1.8); MCS, 54.6, 52.9 (1.7); physical functioning, 54.2, 51.6 (2.6); role-physical, 54.3, 53.3 (1.1); bodily pain, 54.7, 53.1 (1.6); general health, 56.7, 54.1 (2.6); vitality, 57.0, 55.4 (1.6); social functioning, 54.2, 52.9 (1.3); role-emotional, 53.0, 51.1 (1.9), and mental health, 55.4, 52.9 (2.4), respectively; all p&amp;lt;0.05. Proportion of people achieving CMI (%) in SF-36v2 physical functioning from W0 to W88 was higher for tirzepatide than those who switched to PBO (≥ 5.76, 52.0 and 36.2). Tirzepatide showed significant improvements in IWQOL-Lite-CT scores versus PBO from W36 to W88, with LSM scores (ETD) as follows: total, 86.4, 75.3 (11.1); psychosocial, 87.7, 75.6 (12.1); physical function, 85.7, 76.2 (9.4); and physical, 83.8, 74.7 (9.1), respectively; all p&amp;lt;0.001. Conclusion: In SURMOUNT-4 trial, adults with overweight or obesity continuing on tirzepatide showed significant and sustained improvements in HRQoL versus those switching to PBO. 1Sattar N. 59th Annual Meeting European Association for the Study of Diabetes; Oct 2023; Germany. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Growth performance, blood health, and antioxidant status of freshwater carp under brackish water rearing system: Sustainable aquaculture approach in arid and semi-arid conditions

Global warming, water salinization, and increased anthropogenic usage of freshwater sources have had severe effects on water sources and aquaculture practices, which is consequently putting pressure on aquatic fauna and fish production. Hence, brackish water can be used as an alternative and sustainable approach to meet the increasing food requirements. Four groups with triplicates were designed to evaluate the impact of brackish water on Cirrhinus mrigala (n = 100) for 180 days; T0: control group (freshwater), T1: (5.45 ppt salinity), T2: (8.45 ppt salinity) and T3 (12.45 ppt salinity). Little behavioural alterations and normal feeding were observed in all experimental groups as compared to control group, except group T3. Survival rate was 100 % in all groups excluding group T3, which had shown 88 % survival rate (P < 0.05), while mean weight gain and length gain were observed better with low FCR in T1 and T2 groups (P < 0.05) but best growth rate observed at 5 ppt salinity level. Significant reduction in haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBCs) and increase in white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets (PLTs) was observed in group T3 compared to other experimental groups (P < 0.05). ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, and triglycerides, exhibited significant changes in T3 group after 180 days (P < 0.05). Erythrocytes had shown morphological alterations as; micronuclei, notching, blebbing, pear-shaped nuclei and spherocytes in T3 group. Significant increase in DNA damage in various tissues had indicated potential genotoxic impact of highly saline brackish water. Oxidative stress markers were increased significantly and antioxidants reduced (P < 0.05) at high salinity level brackish water (T3) until 180 days. In conclusion, C. mrigala can potentially grow well in brackish water system at 5 ppt salinity whereas, rise in salinity level (12 ppt) is detrimental to freshwater fish health and growth.

Two hundred and twenty-nine cases of bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis with and without antegrade pulmonary blood flow, a single-center experience.

Bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis is palliative surgical procedure for stepwise adaptation of the ventricle by time-phased relief of blood volume from the single functional ventricle. There still exists a controversial question regarding maintaining additional antegrade pulmonary blood flow. We retrospectively reviewed the surgical cases of 261 patients who underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis in our institution from 2012 to 2022 with special regard to antegrade pulmonary blood flow as our preferred strategy. The mean age at the time of surgery was 33.1 months (range 2.9-192 months), and the mean weight was - 7.6 kg (range 3.9-38 kg). Furthermore, we divided all the patients into two groups: in group 1 (n = 182) - patients who underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis with antegrade pulmonary blood flow, and in group 2 (n = 47) - patients without antegrade pulmonary blood flow. The mean follow-up time was 56 months (range 24-120 months). Mortality rate was 4.8 % (n = 11) in the past 10 years. Statistical difference between groups was in the following positions: group 2 had less ICU stay (p < 0.000125) and hospital stay (p < 0.017110); group 1 had a longer duration of pleural effusion (p < 0.000003) and amount of drainage output (p < 0.007), also demonstrated higher oxygen saturation (p < 0.000264) and Glenn shunt pressure (p < 0.002) after the surgery; but there was no difference in oxygen saturation after 6, 12, and 24 months; mortality in both groups has no statistic difference. Considering our experience, we take a stand on the controlled to antegrade pulmonary blood flow strategy during bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis.

Vegetation restoration changed the soil aggregate stability and aggregate carbon stabilization pathway according to δ13C signatures

Vegetation restoration can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration through the physical protection of soil aggregates. However, the soil aggregate stability and C flow pathway associated with long-term plantation restoration have not yet been fully characterized. Here, we conducted a study on Robinia pseudoacacia plantations at different recovery stages, studied the distribution and stability of aggregates, analysed the aggregate-associated organic carbon (OC) content and δ13C value, and quantified the aggregate C flow pathway. The results revealed that vegetation restoration increased the proportion of large macroaggregates (LMAs) and decreased the proportion of small macroaggregates (SMAs), with no changes observed in the proportion of microaggregates (MIAs) or silt + clay (SC) at 0–20 cm. The indices of aggregate stability, namely, the mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD) and structural stability index (SSI), increased under vegetation restoration at 0–20 cm, with maximum values of 3.83 mm, 2.88 mm, and 2.00 %, respectively, at 35 years of age (35Y). The OC content of the LMAs increased from 10.96 to 21.64 g kg−1 and from 7.27 to 10.05 g kg−1 in the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm layers, respectively. LMAs and SMAs had the greatest contributions to SOC accumulation in the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm layers, respectively. The δ13C value increased with decreasing aggregate size. The C flow pathway was from macroaggregates to MIAs or SC. Compared with abandoned farmland, vegetation restoration decreased the aggregate C flow intensity in the 0–20 cm layer. The soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated OC content decreased with increasing soil depth, but the soil δ13C value exhibited the opposite trend. Vegetation restoration regulated soil aggregate stability by influencing the fine root biomass (FRB) and SOC content. In summary, our analysis offers a valuable reference for the controlling effect of aggregation on C stability influenced by vegetation restoration.

Echocardiography-guided percutaneous closure of oval-shaped secundum atrial septal defects

BackgroundAn atrial septal defect (ASD) is considered oval-shaped when its shortest diameter is less than 75% of the longest diameter. Research on percutaneous closure of oval-shaped ASDs is limited, with no known reports of non-fluoroscopic closure for this population.ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of non-fluoroscopic percutaneous closure for oval-shaped ASDs.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study evaluates patients undergoing non-fluoroscopic percutaneous closure of oval-shaped ASDs, defined by the shortest to longest diameter ratio < 0.75, a circular index of 1.33, or ultrasound visualization of an oval shape. Device size was chosen to be 0–4 mm larger than the defect’s longest diameter, based on transthoracic and transesophageal ultrasound measurements.ResultsWe identified 78 patients (33.3% children, 20.5% males) with a mean age of 27.4 ± 16.3 years and a mean weight of 46.8 ± 19.8 kg. The mean longest diameter and mean shortest diameter of ASDs were 23.3 ± 6.8 mm and 15.8 ± 5 mm, respectively. The mean ratio of the shortest to longest diameter was 0.7 ± 0.1. Percutaneous closure was not attempted in 7/78 (9%) patients. Three out of 71 (4.2%) procedures were fluoroscopy-guided upfront due to technical difficulties, and 5/71 (7%) were converted to fluoroscopy-guided closure. Overall procedural success rate was 98.6% (70/71) including 63/71 (88.7%) performed with zero fluoroscopy. Mean device size was 26.5 ± 7.1 mm. Mean procedural time was 45.3 ± 22.6 min. Eleven intraprocedural complications occurred including 6 arrhythmias, 3 pericardial effusions, and 2 device dislodgements.ConclusionTranscatheter closure of oval-shaped ASD is safe and feasible. Echocardiography is adequate for adequate operative guidance.

Lead poisoning as a differential diagnosis in pediatric patients with chronic abdominal pain: a case–control study in Tehran-Iran

BackgroundChronic abdominal pain is a potential symptom of lead poisoning, which is often challenging to diagnose. This case–control study aimed to evaluate blood lead levels in pediatric patients with chronic abdominal pain.MethodsThe case–control study was conducted on 190 pediatrics who presented to the Children's Medical Center Hospital clinics, Tehran between April 2021- 2023. The children were divided into two groups: the case group, consisting of 81 patients with chronic abdominal pain, and the matched control group; 109 children without any gastrointestinal symptoms. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using STATA 16. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the association of different independent variables with chronic abdominal pain.ResultsThere was no significant difference between mean (± standard deviation [SD]) of age (8.80(2.7) years vs. control group: 9.23(3.9) years), sex, and BMI (16.55(4.6) vs. 17.32(4.7)) of the patients with chronic abdominal pain (case group) and the control group, whereas the mean weight was remarkably low in patients with chronic abdominal pain: 27.25(± 12.1) kg vs. 31.70(± 14.7) kg (P value = 0.028). Fifty-nine percent of children with chronic abdominal pain had serum lead levels ≥ 10 µg/dL. The mean (SD) of blood lead levels was statistically high in the case group: 11.09 (± 5.35) µg/dL vs. control group: 8.26 (± 5.01) µg/dL) (P value ≤ 0.05). The appetite level was significantly low in the case group: 3.8 (± 2.5) vs. control group 5.4 (± 1.3).ConclusionsLead poisoning could be a possible cause of children's chronic abdominal pain. Regarding the high rate of lead poisoning in children exerting appropriate measures to reduce their exposure to lead is necessary.