Mean Visfatin Research Articles

IMPACT OF FGFR4 (GLY388ARG) GENE POLYMORPHISM ALONG WITH VISFATIN CYTOKINE AND HIGH MOBILITY GROUP BOX-1 (HMGB1) ON ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS.

The aim: Evaluating the role SNP rs351855 of (FGFR4) gene and estimating the serum concentration of Visfatin cytokine and (HMGB-1) protein in AC patients and in healthy control blood samples. Materials and methods: Blood samples were collected from 35 patients and 35 healthy controls, and then the serum was used for ELISA test, another each 2 ml blood were used for DNA extraction and rs351855 of (FGFR4) PCR assay. Results: there was no significant difference in mean HMG and mean visfatin among (FGFR4) rs351855 genotypes in patients and control group. There was no significant difference in mean (HMG) among (FGFR) rs351855 genotypes in patients` group (p = 0.923); there was also no significant difference in mean visfatin among FGFR rs351855 genotypes in patients` group (p=0.161) rs351855 genotypes showed that the homozygous GG, heterozygous A/G and homozygous AA. Despite these minor differences there was no significant variation (p = 0.323), also no significant difference in frequency distribution of individuals according to FGFR rs351855 G>A SNP polymorphism between patients` and control groups (p = 0.454). The same was applied to recessive and allelic analysis p>0.05. Conclusions: There was no role for (FGFR4) rs351855G/A SNP in disease susceptibility to acute cholecystitis in Iraqi patients. Visfatin cytokine and HMGB-1 protein might act as a good biomarker for diseases.

Protective effect of benfotiamine on methotrexate induced gastric damage in rats

ABSTRACT Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used for treating cancers and inflammatory diseases; it is a potential anti-metabolite and folate antagonist. We investigated potential protective effects of benfotiamine on MTX damage. We used a rat model of MTX induced gastric injury to assess changes in gastric histopathology, oxidative stress and visfatin levels due to MTX treatment. Rats were divided into four groups: an untreated control group, an MTX group treated with a single dose of MTX, a benfotiamine group treated with benfotiamine daily for two weeks, and a benfotiamine + MTX group treated with a single dose of MTX followed by benfotiamine daily for two weeks. Total tissue antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and visfatin levels were measured at the end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, we investigated both visfatin expression and the histopathology of gastric tissues. The mean visfatin level was lower in the MTX group than in the benfotiamine group. The mean tissue TOS levels were higher in MTX group than in the control, benfotiamine or benfotiamine + MTX groups. Significant gastric gland dilation, and erosion and loss of mucosa were found on the gastric surface in the MTX group compared to the control group. The dilation, erosion and mucosal loss were decreased significantly in the benfotiamine + MTX group compared to the MTX group. Compared to the control group, visfatin immunoreactivity was reduced significantly in the MTX group. Decreased visfatin levels appear to play a role in the mechanism of gastric damage. Benfotiamine may be useful for preventing MTX induced gastric injuries.

Relationshıp of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage and cerebral aneurysm to serum Visfatin and Nesfatin-1 levels

ObjectivesVisfatin and nesfatin are recently discovered peptides that play a role in various metabolic reactions exhibiting inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, and their levels are known to increase in cerebral ischaemia and haematomas. Inflammation plays a role in the development of aneurysm, and spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is typically caused by rupture of the aneurysmal sac because of the increased inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between serum visfatin and nesfatin levels and the clinical and radiological findings in patients with SAH. Patients and MethodOverall, 62 patients with spontaneous SAH who were followed-up in our clinic between September 2018 and July 2019 and 35 healthy patients who presented to our outpatient clinic with complaints of back, lumbar and neck pain were included in the study. ELISA method was used to study the visfatin and nesfatin levels in the serum samples of both groups. The visfatin and nesfatin levels of patients with spontaneous SAH were compared with the healthy population. In addition, the relationship between visfatin and nesfatin levels and the radiological and clinical findings of patients with spontaneous SAH were also investigated. All findings were evaluated statistically. ResultsThe median nesfatin and mean visfatin levels were higher in patients with SAH compared with the control group. The median nesfatin and mean visfatin levels were higher in patients with aneurysm than those without aneurysm. A positive correlation was observed between aneurysm length and nesfatin and visfatin levels. In patients with perimesencephalic haemorrhage, the mean visfatin level was determined to be lower compared with patients with classical aneurysmatic SAH, and the median nesfatin level did not differ significantly. The cut-off value of nesfatin for predicting SAH in patients compared with controls was >598.4 with 82.8 % sensitivity and 80 % specificity (P < 0.001). The cut-off value of visfatin for predicting SAH was >10.3 with 85.3 % sensitivity and 91.4 % specificity (P < 0.001). The diagnostic performance of visfatin and nesfatin levels was similar in predicting SAH. ConclusionIn the present study, we demonstrated that the presence of aneurysm, size of aneurysm, number of aneurysms correlate with visfatin and nesfatin levels in patients with SAH, and visfatin and nesfatin may be biomarkers for predicting SAH and presence of aneurysm. Nonetheless, future studies can include patients with unruptured aneurysm and investigate their serum visfatin and nesfatin levels to prove whether visfatin and nesfatin can serve as biomarkers in the follow-up of these patients.

Gingival crevicular fluid levels of visfatin in patients with chronic periodontitis and polycystic ovary syndrome.

ObjectiveRecently, the association between periodontal diseases and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been established, and it has been revealed that visfatin levels increase in chronic periodontitis (CP) and PCOS. However, there was no study comparing the mean visfatin levels between advanced CP and PCOS. Therefore, the probable role of visfatin linking these diseases remains unknown, and this study was conducted to address this gap.MethodsIn this age- and weight-matched case-control study (cases with PCOS disease and controls without it), 110 female participants were divided into 4 groups based on clinical findings. The 1st group participants had both PCOS and advanced CP (n=30), 2nd group participants had only PCOS (n=25), 3rd group participants had only advanced CP (n=23), and 4th group comprised of healthy participants (n=32). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to investigate visfatin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Data were collected and analyzed using Stata software (version 11).ResultsThe results revealed the significant effect of both PCOS and advanced CP on visfatin levels in the GCF (P<0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, the visfatin level in the GCF could be the probable link of association between PCOS and advanced CP.

EVALUATION OF SALIVARY AND SERUM VISFATIN IN ORAL BULLOUS EROSIVE LICHEN PLANUS AND ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Introduction: Bullous Erosive Oral Lichen Planus (BEOLP) is a potentially malignant condition with high rate of transformation into Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), and aiming to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate arising from OLP; the early diagnosis of oral cancer was recommended. Many biomarkers were found to be released into the serum and the saliva during the course of both diseases, BEOLP and OSCC. One of these proteins is visfatin.Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary level of visfatin and to find out if it can be used instead of its serum level as an early diagnostic biomarker for patients with either BEOLP or OSCC.Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 3 groups; group (A) which included fifteen medically free subjects, group (B) which included fifteen patients suffering from BEOLP, and finally group (C) which included fifteen patients suffering from OSCC. Serum and salivary samples were collected and visfatin levels were measured using an ELISA kit (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay). Data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: The present study detected no statistically significant difference between mean visfatin levels in BEOLP and OSCC groups; both showed statistically significantly higher mean levels than control group which showed the lowest mean visfatin level. It Also revealed a statistically significant positive (direct) correlation between serum and salivary visfatin levels (r = 0.835, P-value <0.001) i.e. an increase in serum level of visfatin is associated with an increase in salivary level of Visfatin.Conclusion: Salivary level of visfatin can be used instead of its serum level as a biomarker for BEOLP and OSCC.

The role of Visfatin in atherosclerotic peripheral arterial obstructive disease

Visfatin is an adipokine molecule acting as an essential coenzyme in multiple cellular redox reactions. The increased serum levels of Visfatin have been correlated with metabolic syndrome and endothelial homeostasis. In this study we investigate the possible relationship of Visfatin serum levels with the severity and location of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD).Study protocol included 45 consecutive PAOD and 20 Control patients with age >55years old. Definition of PAOD was based in Rutherord’s classification (RC). End-stage PAOD patients (RC-V & -VI) were excluded from study. Data were collected prospectively and included age, gender, atherosclerotic risk factors and the body mass index (BMI). In PAOD patients recorded the PAOD’s clinical stage and the presence of carotid stenosis >50%. PAOD patients divided in two subgroups, those with mild (RC-I & -II) and moderate disease (RC-III & -IV). In all serum samples Visfatin was measured, blindly, twice by anosoenzymatic technique. Statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson’s chi-square, One Way Anova and Kruskall-Wallis tests, as appropriate.The mean Visfatin value in PAOD and Control groups were 38.5±16.0 and 13.9±3.8ng/ml respectively (p<0.0005). In-PAOD subgroup of patients the visfatin values were not affected by demographics, BMI and atherosclerotic risk factors (p>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that severity of PAOD (mild vs severe), presence of carotid stenosis >50% and multilevel disease significantly affected outcomes (p=0.018, p=0.010 and p=0.006 respectively). In multivariate regression analysis severity of PAOD was the solely factor with strong correlation with high visfatin values (p=0.001).High Visfatin levels seem to be strongly correlated with the presence and severity of PAOD. Further and in depth investigation is needed to define the possible role of Visfatin in atherosclerosis and it’s value as a potential prognostic biomarker of PAOD.

Investigation of Plasma Visfatin Changes in Women with Type 2 Diabetes followed by Endurance, Resistance and Combined Exercise: The Role of Lipid Profile, Glycemic Indices and Insulin Resistance

Background and purpose: Visfatin is one of insulin-like proteins secreted by adipose tissue associated with obesity and insulin resistance, but the effect of exercise on the levels of this hormone is unclear, despite various studies in this area. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic, resistance and combined exercises (strength-aerobic) on visfatin changes, glycemic and lipid parameters and evaluation of relationship between visfatin and insulin resistance in women with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2). The recent study differs with other studies in terms of exercise type, sample size, type of subjects and results. Materials and Methods: Forty women with DMT2 were selected by purposive sampling method based on availability then randomly divided into four equal groups; three patient (training) groups including aerobic exercise group (20-50 min/day, with an intensity of 60 to 80% of maximum heart rate), resistance group (3 sets, 10 reps, with an intensity of 50 to 65% of one repetition maximum), combined group (with the same intensity and duration of exercises in aerobic and resistance groups) and no-training group as control group. All patient groups participated in 12-week training program for three sessions per week. Fasting blood samples were collected to evaluate of plasma visfatin levels, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, cholesterol (Cho), triglycerides, HDL and LDL. To calculate the insulin resistance index HOMA-IR equation was used. Data analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA, Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, Levene’s test, multiple linear regressions and post hoc Tukey test. Results: Data analysis showed that the weight index was decreased in aerobic group compared with resistance group. Body fat percentage in combined group was significantly lower than aerobic group and also in aerobic group as compared with control and resistance groups. Waist-to-hip ratio was decreased in aerobic group than combined group. Markers of insulin and insulin resistance reduced in resistance group compared with aerobic and combined groups. LDL index were significantly lower in combined group compared with the resistance and also Cho in resistance group as compared with aerobic and combined groups. There were no significant differences between mean changes of Hb A1c and mean visfatin changes in 4 groups. Conclusions: Even though in the present study; no significant differences were observed in mean changes of Hb A1c and PVL among groups, but each type of exercises had a positive impact on certain parameters in experimental groups. Longitudinal studies with more participants are needed for evaluation of relationship between visfatin and insulin resistance in women with DMT2.

Plasma Visfatin Levels in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Prospective Case-Control Study

Study ObjectiveWe evaluated the plasma visfatin levels in hirsute female adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective case-control study included 87 female patients who were seen in our adolescence department. Demographic characteristics and hormonal and biochemical parameters were evaluated between patients with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Next, we divided the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome into the following subgroups: overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2) vs normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and hirsute vs nonhirsute. ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in the BMI, serum androgen levels, homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels, and insulin levels between patients with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (P < .05). The mean visfatin levels showed no statistically significant difference between these 2 groups (P > .05). The serum visfatin levels were similar between the 2 subgroups classified by BMI (P > .05). However, there were statistically significant differences in the total and free testosterone levels, 17-hydroxylase progesterone level, HOMA-IR level, and visfatin level between the 2 subgroups classified by hirsutism (P < .05). The plasma visfatin level was higher in hirsute PCOS than in nonhirsute PCOS patients. ConclusionSignificantly higher visfatin levels were found in hirsute than in nonhirsute adolescents with PCOS. According to these results, plasma visfatin levels may be a useful marker in hirsute adolescents with PCOS.

Association of Serum and Crevicular Visfatin Levels in Periodontal Health and Disease With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Levels of visfatin in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were explored in patients with periodontal health, periodontal disease with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 DM) and were found to be elevated with periodontal disease, and were correlated with periodontal clinical parameters. DM and chronic periodontitis (CP) are associated with each other. Adipokines, specifically visfatin, are secreted from adipocytes and are thought to cause insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of visfatin in serum and GCF in t2 DM among individuals with CP and to find an association, if any. Thirty individuals (15 males and 15 females) were selected based on their clinical parameters into three groups: group 1 (10 healthy), group 2 (10 well-controlled t2 DM among individuals with CP), and group 3 (10 individuals with CP and without diabetes). Serum and GCF samples were collected to estimate the levels of visfatin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The mean visfatin concentration increased in both serum and GCF in individuals with t2 DM with CP. Also, it was observed that visfatin in both serum and GCF correlated positively with all the periodontal parameters. All the samples in each group tested positive for visfatin assay. Serum and GCF visfatin concentration in both t2 DM with CP and individuals with CP and without diabetes correlated positively with all the clinical parameters. Additional large-scale longitudinal studies should be performed to confirm positive correlations.

Effect of non surgical periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid and serum visfatin concentration in periodontal health and disease.

Visfatin is a pleiotropic mediator which acts as growth factor, cytokine, enzyme involved in energy including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and has been recently demonstrated to exert several pro-inflammatory functions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Visfatin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in patients with chronic periodontitis, and to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the GCF and serum visfatin concentration. 30 subjects (age range: 25 to 52 years) were selected and divided into two groups based on the gingival index, probing depth, periodontal attachment level, and radiologic parameters (bone loss): group 1 (15 subjects with healthy periodontium), group 2 (15 subjects with chronic periodontitis), while, Group 2 patients after 8 weeks of the treatment (scaling and root planning, SRP) constituted group 3. GCF samples (by microcapillary pipettes) and serum samples (by venipuncture) were collected to estimate the levels of Visfatin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. The mean Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum was observed to be the highest in group 2 and lowest in group 1. While concentration in group 3 was similar to group 1. The concentration of Visfatin in GCF and serum decreased after SRP. The Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum found to be highest in chronic periodontitis group and decreases after treatment. Hence Visfatin values can be considered as an “inflammatory marker” can be explored in future as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of periodontal disease.

Effect of Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Visfatin Concentration in Periodontal Health and Disease

Visfatin is a pleiotropic mediator which acts as growth factor, cytokine, enzyme involved in energy including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and has been recently demonstrated to exert several pro-inflammatory functions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Visfatin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in patients with chronic periodontitis, and to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the GCF and serum visfatin concentration. 30 subjects (age range: 25 to 52 years) were selected and divided into two groups based on the gingival index, probing depth, periodontal attachment level, and radiologic parameters (bone loss): group 1 (15 subjects with healthy periodontium), group 2 (15 subjects with chronic periodontitis), while, Group 2 patients after 8 weeks of the treatment (scaling and root planning, SRP) constituted group 3. GCF samples (by microcapillary pipettes) and serum samples (by venipuncture) were collected to estimate the levels of Visfatin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. The mean Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum was observed to be the highest in group 2 and lowest in group 1. While concentration in group 3 was similar to group 1. The concentration of Visfatin in GCF and serum decreased after SRP. The Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum found to be highest in chronic periodontitis group and decreases after treatment. Hence Visfatin values can be considered as an “inflammatory marker” can be explored in future as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of periodontal disease.

Visfatin May Be a Novel Marker for Identifying Stages of Essential Hypertension in Advanced Age Patients

Visfatin is a peptide that is secreted from visceral fat. It has been reported to be associated with inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. However, little is known about its function in hypertension. Therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate visfatin levels in patients with hypertension. We studied forty-six newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and 30 healthy participants. In accordance with blood pressure levels reported in the JNC 7 guidelines, hypertensive patients were divided into 2 groups: stage 1 and stage 2. The control group was divided into 2 groups: normal and prehypertensive. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained from each patient. Serum lipid profile, glucose and visfatin levels were measured. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), BMI, waist circumference were significantly higher in the patient group than those in control subjects (p<0.05). The mean visfatin level was significantly higher in hypertensive patients. In the prehypertensive group, the serum visfatin levels were also significantly higher than in participants with normal blood pressure (p:0.043). There was a significantly positive correlation with visfatin and systolic BP, diastolic BP. We consider that visfatin may be a marker which may be used to illustrate damage even in prehypertensive stage caused by isolated essential HT.

Serum visfatin is correlated with disease severity and metabolic syndrome in chronic hepatitis C infection

Cytokines activation is a common feature in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. Visfatin, as a recently-recognized adipocytokine, may correlate with metabolic abnormalities. We aimed to elucidate the characteristics of visfatin in CHC patients. This retrospective study included 102 treatment-naïve CHC patients and 97 sex-/age-matched healthy adults. Serum visfatin levels were examined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test. The correlation between visfatin and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in terms of virological, metabolic, and histopathological profiles was analyzed. The impact of visfatin on the treatment response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (PEGIFN/RBV) therapy was also assessed. The visfatin level was correlated significantly with fibrosis scores (r = 0.23, P = 0.02) in CHC patients. A significant higher visfatin level was observed in CHC patients with histological activity index scores of mild and more (P = 0.01) and advanced fibrosis (P = 0.04). The mean visfatin level (0.81 ± 0.28 log ng/mL) of 26 CHC patients with metabolic syndrome was significantly lower than their counterparts (0.95 ± 0.30 log ng/mL) (P = 0.03). There was no significant correlation between visfatin and HCV genotypes, viral load, and treatment response to PEGIFN/RBV therapy. Multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated that metabolic syndrome was the leading negative variable (odds ratio = 0.09, 95% confidence interval = 0.02-0.46, P = 0.004) associated with high visfatin level, followed by advanced fibrosis (odds ratio = 2.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.06-6.78, P = 0.03). Serum visfatin was correlated with disease severity and metabolic syndrome in CHC patients.

The Relationship Between Maternal Serum Visfatin Level And Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Background and Objective: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are amongst the most common conditions adversely affecting maternal and fetal prognosis, leading to noticeably increased morbidity and mortality in the prenatal period. Pre-eclampsia (PE), in particular, is considered as a cardiovascular complication, having risk factors in common with metabolic syndrome of which insulin resistance and obesity are a part. Visfatin is a recently introduced adipokine with insulin-mimetic properties which is thought to contribute to the components of metabolic syndrome. There have been notions supporting the relationship between level alterations of this novel adipokine and affliction of pregnant women with PE. The current study aims to evaluate the correlation between visfatin quantitative levels and the presence of pregnancy hypertensive disorders including mild PE, severe PE and chronic hypertension (HTN). Moreover, assessment of normal pregnancy visfatin levels as the control is done and the data are compared with those of pregnancies with hypertensive disorders. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study which recruited cases of mild PE (N=40), severe PE (N=40), chronic HTN (N=40) also included normal pregnant subjects as control (N=60). The cases were of the patients hospitalized at university affiliated centers and the controls consisted of referrals to the outpatient departments (OPD). The subjects were matched for Body Mass Index (BMI), parity, gestational age; they were excluded in case they had gestational diabetes, infectious disease, premature rupture of membrane (PROM), any other medical disease, or in labor phase. Informed consents were signed by all the participants. Then, their fasting blood samples were drawn, kept at -20°c . Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELIZA) test was performed to determine visfatin level. The data were then analyzed, using Mann-Whitney and Krus-Kal-Wallis statistical methods. Results: The mean of serum level for visfatin was 2.81±0.37ng/ml (mean±SEM) for the pregnant control group while it was 2.66±0.41, 7.99±0.28, and 3.46±0.66ng/ml for the mild PE, severe PE and chronic hypertension cases, respectively. Based on the mean values for circulating visfatin level amongst the groups, visfatin level was significantly higher in the severe PE group as compared with the control (p<.0001), mild PE (p<.0001) and chronic HTN (p<.0001) with correspondent mean differences of 5.1, 5.3 and 4.5, being significant at the 0.05 level. Comparison of the mean visfatin levels of mild PE (P=0.79) and chronic HTN (P=0.29) with the controls revealed no significant difference. Conclusions: Severe PE cases were shown to represent higher circulating visfatin levels compared to the normal pregnant women, mild PE and chronic HTN cases. This may further suggest the potential role of visfatin in pathogenesis of severe PE during pregnancy, leading to proposal of models in prognosis definition, prevention and possibly management of this condition through visfatin level related interventions in the future.

PP-282. Anti-annexin V antibodies in SLE patients

Mean visfatin levels were found significantly higher in SGA (p<0.001) and LGA (p<0.001) and adiponectin levels were found significantly lower in SGA group (p<0.001) than AGA group. SGA and LGA group had higher concentrations of insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol in comparison to the AGA group. LGA group had higher visfatin, glucose and HOMA-IR (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p: 0.002; respectively) in comparison to the SGA group. According to correlation of visfatin to the other parameters, visfatin was negatively correlated with height in SGA groups (r:−0.49, p: 0.02), according to correlation of adiponectin to the other parameters, adiponectin was negatively correlated with insulin and HOMA-IR (r: −0.49, p: 0.02 and r: −0.549, p: 0.012) in SGA group.

The relationship between serum visfatin, adiponectin, and insulin sensitivity markers in neonates after birth

Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the adiponectin and visfatin concentrations in small-for-gestational age (SGA), appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA), and large-for-gestational age (LGA) newborns and their mothers. Sixty parturients giving birth to 20 term AGA singleton infants, 20 term singleton SGA infants, and 20 term singleton LGA infants were included into the study.Results. Mean visfatin levels were found significantly higher in the SGA (p < 0.001) and LGA (p < 0.001) groups, and adiponectin levels were found significantly lower in the SGA group (p < 0.001) when compared with the AGA group. The SGA and LGA groups had higher insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR in comparison with the AGA group. The visfatin, glucose levels, and HOMA-IR (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p: 0.002, respectively) were higher in the LGA group than SGA group.Conclusion. We found significantly higher insulin and visfatin levels in LGA neonates and lower adiponectin levels in SGA neonates. We concluded that the relationship between adiponectin and visfatin and insulin sensitivity (metabolic disturbances) is very complex with little evidence of correlation in SGA and LGA neonates.

Cord Plasma Concentrations of Visfatin, Adiponectin and Insulin in Healthy Term Neonates: Positive Correlation with Birthweight

Objective: The aims of this study were to examine the relationships between adiponectin, insulin, visfatin and weight at birth in healthy term infants. Design and methods: Anthropometric parameters including weight, length were measured and plasma lipid profiles, insulin, visfatin and adiponectin concentrations in cord blood samples from 50 LGA and 50 AGA singleton infants born at term after uncomplicated pregnancies were assayed. Results: Mean visfatin and adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the LGA group than AGA group (11.8 ± 8 vs.6.3 ± 5.5 ng/ml, p&lt;0.001; 28.4 ± 3.9 vs. 25.7 ± 3.6 μg /ml, p=0.001; respectively). Insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels did not differ significantly between LGA and AGA infants. Cord plasma adiponectin, visfatin and insulin levels correlated significantly and positively with birthweight (p=0.01, p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.001; respectively) and with birthlength (p=0.01, p&lt;0.001, p=0.01; respectively). Cord plasma adiponectin concentration correlated positively with visfatin level (p=0.005), but not with insulin level (p=0.8), and cord plasma visfatin concentration correlated positively with insulin level (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion:High adiponectin and visfatin levels are present in the cord blood in LGA group. Cord plasma adiponectin and visfatin levels are positively correlated with birthweight. This suggests that adiponectin and visfatin may be involved in regulating fetal growth.

Correlation of circulating full‐length visfatin (PBEF/NAMPT) with metabolic parameters in subjects with and without diabetes: a cross‐sectional study

Here we use a novel ELISA that is specific for full-length visfatin (PBEF/NAMPT), compare it with the existing C-terminal based assay and use it to investigate associations of visfatin with metabolic parameters. We established the specificity and effectiveness of the new ELISA and evaluated the associations of full-length visfatin with clinical, anthropometric and metabolic parameters in a cross-sectional study of 129 Thai subjects, consisting of 50 outpatients with type 2 diabetes and 79 healthy volunteers. The new ELISA accurately recovered full-length recombinant visfatin and detected visfatin secreted by primary human and rat adipocytes. We found serum full-length visfatin was significantly higher in subjects with diabetes compared to their nondiabetic peers (median 2.75 vs. 2.22 ng/ml, P = 0.0142). After adjustment for age, gender and traditional metabolic risk factors, adjusted mean visfatin remained significantly higher in the diabetes group (3.80 vs. 2.10 ng/ml, P = 0.0021). On Spearman univariate correlation analysis, visfatin was significantly associated with resistin (r = 0.30, P = 0.0011), but not with any other anthropometric or metabolic variables, including adiponectin multimers. On multiple linear regression analysis, the only covariates independently associated with visfatin were diabetes (t = 3.11, P = 0.0024) and log resistin (t = 2.68, P = 0.0086). Circulating visfatin is independently associated with diabetes and resistin concentration, but is not related to adiponectin multimers or other metabolic covariates. These data are suggestive of a potential role of visfatin in subclinical inflammatory states.