Mean Triglyceride Research Articles

Assessment of plasma lipid parameters, exhaled nitric oxide fraction, and systemic immune-inflammation index on stable asthma patients

Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by the presence of inflammatory agents in the airways, and diagnosis and treatment are based on clinical questioning, physical examination, laboratory results, and spirometric analysis. This study investigated the effect of asthma alone on routine laboratory parameters in adults and whether an idea about the course of the disease can be obtained using these parameters. Two hundred and fourteen patients with known asthma history, diagnosed, and treated according to guidelines, were included in our study. Among all patients and between gender-specific groups, total cholesterol (CHOL), HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglyceride (TG), albumin, total protein (TP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose, urea, creatinine, C reactive protein (CRP), FeNO, SII, INR, and complete blood count value parameters of the patients were analyzed. When we consider all asthma patients, we found that the mean glucose, LDH, CRP, TG, FeNO, and INR values outpaced the upper limit of the reference range. In contrast, the mean HDL value was below the reference range for all patients. In addition, our study found a significant correlation between triglyceride levels within the biochemical parameters with FeNO and SII). Finally, when we compared the mean values of gender-specific groups, we found a statistically significant difference between VLDL, HDL, TG, CRP, FeNO, creatinine, lymphocyte, eosinophile, basophile, and hemoglobin. CRP, LDH, TG, FeNO, SII, and INR levels may help clinicians in adult patients with stable asthma. In addition, differences depending on gender could be observed in the biochemical parameters of asthma patients.

The Effects of Star Fruit (Averrhoa carambola Linn.) Extract on Body Mass Index, Fasting Blood Glucose, and Triglyceride Levels in Male Rats with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Obesity is the main risk factor of diabetes by which induces insulin resistance. Epicatechin gallate can virtually interact with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 as same as dapagliflozin and is found in green tea and star fruits. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effects of methanol extract of star fruit (MES) on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and triglyceride levels in male rats with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normal and high-fat diet (HFD) groups. Obesity was induced with a HFD diet for 5 weeks and followed by induction of T2DM with 230 mg/kg BW nicotinamide and 65 mg/kg BW streptozotocin injections. Twenty-one obesity and T2DM rats were randomly assigned to negative control (n = 3) and the remaining rats in the MES1-3 groups, which were given 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg BW/day MES. Data of BW, BMI, FBG, and triglyceride levels were collected at day 1, 14, and 28 interventions. Data were statistically analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: The MES3 group (282.56 ± 10.75 g) had significantly lower mean BW than the MES2 group (331.33 ± 13.17 g, p = 0.035). The duration of MES administration significantly decreased BW (p = 0.009) and BMI (p = 0.034) compared with the negative control. The mean triglyceride levels in MES1 (93.72 ± 53.69 mg/dl, p = 0.020), MES2 (71.98 ± 35.72 mg/dl, p = 0.025), and MES3 (56.68 ± 16.37 mg/dl, p = 0.020) groups significantly lower than the control group (1042.13 ± 681.74 mg/dl) on day 14. The mean FBG levels in MES1 (437.85 ± 33.04 mg/dl) and MES2 (353 ± 33.04 mg/dl) groups were also lower than the control group (470.97 ± 33.04 mg/dl). CONCLUSION: Administrations of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg BW/day MES decrease BW, BMI, and triglyceride level but increase FBG level in male rats with obesity and T2DM for 14 and 28 days.

Comparison of Lipid Profile Components in Different Degrees of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Northern Part of Iran

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly. Objectives: Due to the increasing rate of aging and the possible role of impaired lipid metabolism as a critical pathogenic factor in AMD, this study investigated the association between serum lipid profile and AMD in the elderly of the north of Iran. Methods: This nested case-control study (as a part of the comparative cohort of “The Amirkola Health and Ageing Project”) was performed on 77 patients with AMD and 231 healthy individuals over 60 years of age. During the ophthalmic examination, tropicamide 1% eye drops were used to dilate the pupil. Fluorescein angiography was used to diagnose AMD. Serum lipid profile components, such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), were measured in blood samples through standard laboratory methods. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 24). Results: The triglycerides mean values in AMD patients and controls were 123.32 ± 56.27 and 138.32 ± 69.58 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.075). The cholesterol mean values were 184.75 ± 43.87 and 189.59 ± 43.52 mg/dL in AMD patients and controls, respectively (P = 0.402). The LDL mean values in AMD patients and controls were 101.42 ± 32.08 and 103.45 ± 30.83 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.621). The HDL mean values were 48.94 ± 11.93 and 50.37 ± 12.18 mg/dL in the AMD patients and controls, respectively (P = 0.365). Additionally, there was no significant difference between the different degrees of AMD in terms of mean triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL. Conclusions: In the present study, no significant association was observed between the levels of serum lipid profile components and AMD. In addition, no significant difference was observed between different degrees of AMD in terms of serum lipid profile components.

Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model of Preterm Birth Using Electronic Health Record.

Objective Preterm birth (PTB) was one of the leading causes of neonatal death. Predicting PTB in the first trimester and second trimester will help improve pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study is to propose a prediction model based on machine learning algorithms for PTB. Method Data for this study were reviewed from 2008 to 2018, and all the participants included were selected from a hospital in China. Six algorisms, including Naive Bayesian (NBM), support vector machine (SVM), random forest tree (RF), artificial neural networks (ANN), K-means, and logistic regression, were used to predict PTB. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to assess the performance of the model. Results A total of 9550 pregnant women were included in the study, of which 4775 women had PTB. A total of 4775 people were randomly selected as controls. Based on 27 weeks of gestation, the area under the curve (AUC) and the accuracy of the RF model were the highest compared with other algorithms (accuracy: 0.816; AUC = 0.885, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.873–0.897). Meanwhile, there was positive association between the accuracy and AUC of the RF model and gestational age. Age, magnesium, fundal height, serum inorganic phosphorus, mean platelet volume, waist size, total cholesterol, triglycerides, globulins, and total bilirubin were the main influence factors of PTB. Conclusion The results indicated that the prediction model based on the RF algorithm had a potential value to predict preterm birth in the early stage of pregnancy. The important analysis of the RF model suggested that intervention for main factors of PTB in the early stages of pregnancy would reduce the risk of PTB.

Primary hypertriglyceridemia induced pancreatitis in a cohort of Pakistani children.

Primary hypertriglyceridemia is a rare condition in children. Hypertriglyceridemia induced pancreatitis is most commonly reported in adults, accounting for third most common cause after gallstones and alcohol consumption. The study aims to highlight the frequency of hypertriglyceridemia induced pancreatitis in a cohort of children presenting in a tertiary care hospital. A retrospective review of paediatric patients with pancreatitis was conducted in Shifa International hospital, Islamabad, from 2013 to 2020. All patients under 18 years of age who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Medical records of patients were checked for symptoms, signs, age, growth parameters and laboratory investigations. Patients who had HTG were reviewed in detail for family history of pancreatitis or dyslipidemias. We found a cohort of 6 patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia after excluding secondary causes. Out of these 6 patients, 4 (66.6%) were male and 2 (33.3%) were female. Minimum age of our patient was 2 months and maximum was 17 years with a mean age of 6.5 years. Two patients presented less than one year of age. Mean triglyceride levels was 1,599+523mg/dL. Four patients (66.6%) had acute pancreatitis, one each (16.6%) had recurrent and chronic pancreatitis. Family history was positive for hyperlipidaemia in two patients who had positive consanguinity. Patients with positive family history were symptomatic at earlier age. This is the first study to highlight primary hypertriglyceridemia presenting as pancreatitis in paediatric population from Pakistan. All patients had triglycerides level of greater than 1000mg/dL.

Prevalence and Determinants of Occurrence of Dyslipidemia in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

To describe the prevalence and determinants of occurrence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A cross-sectional study was conducted in the diabetic clinic of a tertiary care referral hospital over two years. Subjects with T1DM aged 2-18 y had assessment of Lipid profile after 12h of fasting. Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Modifiable and nonmodifiable determining factors were assessed during clinic visit as per standard criteria. Body mass index (BMI)more than 23rd adult equivalent and 27th adult equivalent were considered as overweight and obesity, respectively. Lipid parameters were considered as abnormal if: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) > 100mg/dL, high density lipoprotein (HDL) < 40mg/dL, triglycerides > 100mg/dL (< 10 y) and > 130mg/dL (> 10 y). A total of 171 subjects (mean age: 11.8 ± 3.5 y, M:F = 75:96) were recruited during the study period. The mean fasting LDL level, HDL level, and triglyceride level observed in the study sample were 106.6 ± 26.9mg/dL(62% abnormal), 52.6 ± 14.3mg/dL (9.4% abnormal), and 85.3 ± 39.4mg/dL (10.5% abnormal), respectively; 115 (67.3%) of the subjects had at least one abnormality in the serum lipid profile. On multivariate analysis, HbA1C was the most significant factor in determining the occurrence of dyslipidemia (p < 0.05). HbA1C was 9.9 ± 1.6 in subjects with abnormal LDL versus 9.1 ± 1.5 in those with normal LDL (p < 0.05). Prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study children and adolescents with T1DM was 67.3%. HbA1C remains the most important modifiable determinant of the occurrence of dyslipidemia.

Prevalence of hyperuricemia and the relationship between serum uric acid concentrations and lipid parameters among King Abdulaziz University Hospital patients.

Several studies have associated uric acid with dyslipidemia. However, no previous studies have examined patients without chronic illness. : The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between serum uric acid concentration and lipid profile parameters and to estimate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the city of Jeddah. A retrospective study was conducted on 1206 patients who undergone laboratory blood testing over a 3-year period (2018-2020) at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, which was ethically approved. We used a predesigned checklist to collect data from electronic hospital records using Google Forms. Bivariate analysis, tables, and graphs were used to represent and identify the relationships between variables. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Our study revealed a prevalence of 12% for hyperuricemia in the study population. Males were more frequently affected than females (8.13% vs. 3.73%, respectively). There was no association between serum uric acid concentration and lipid profile parameters, including total cholesterol (P = 0.92), triglyceride (P = 0.42), high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.47), and low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.66). There was a strong association between serum uric acid concentration and high body mass index (P < 0.001), older age (P = 0.002), male sex (P < 0.001), and nationality (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was an association between sex and mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.02) and mean triglyceride concentration (P = 0.02). We observed a low prevalence of hyperuricemia, and our results indicate no association between serum uric acid concentration and lipid profile parameters.

IDF21-0457 The epidemiologic investigation and risk factor analysis of diabetic kidney disease among type 1 DM patients in Taiwan

Background: According to Taiwan’s National Health insurance (NHI) medical claims (1999–2012), the cumulative incidence of nephropathy after 12 years following T1DM diagnosis was 30.2%. In another Taiwan's NHI claims (2000–2016), the prevalence of CKD within type 1 DM patients increased from 10.78% to 20.44% in male and 12.24% to 22.14% in female. The proportion of dialysis and renal transplantation became prevalent within these patients2. Also, For incident reduced eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2), higher mean HbA1c followed by higher mean triglycerides, older age, and higher systolic BP were the most significant factors in a 27 yr-follow up in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) cohort.

LIPID PROFILE IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS VERSUS NON-DIABETIC CONTROLS IN ADULT POPULATION OF DISTRICT BANNU, PAKISTAN

Background: High cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL and low HDL are high risk factors in type 2 diabetics in giving rise to cardiovascular diseases. The objectives of this study were to compare the serum concentrations (mg/dL) of cholesterol, TG, HDL and LDL in type 2 diabetics versus non-diabetic controls in adult population of district Bannu, Pakistan. Materials &amp; Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pathology, Bannu Medical College, Bannu, Pakistan from March, 2020 to February, 2021. Total known 100 type 2 diabetics along with 50 non-diabetic controls of &gt;35 years age were selected. Those with acute myocardial infarction, acute cerebrovascular accident, chronic renal failure, acute burns, trauma, post-surgery, pregnant women and those taking lipid/ blood pressure lowering drugs were excluded. Socio-demographic variables were age in years, sex, occupation, residence and family income/month in PKR. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL were four research variables on ratio scale and were analyzed by mean, SD and range with 95% CI. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the variables between the two groups. Results: The study group included 100 type 2 diabetics (66 men and 34 women) and 50 (29 men and 21 women) controls. Mean cholesterol concentration (mg/dL) was significantly higher (p=&lt;.0001) in diabetics (208.22±55.24) than controls (150.26±25.29). Mean triglycerides concentration (mg/dL) was significantly higher (p=&lt;.0001) in diabetics (202.58±82.62) than controls (157.88±53.42). Mean LDL concentration (mg/dL) was significantly higher (p=&lt;.0001) in diabetics (148.11±55.06) than controls (113.22±32.97). Mean HDL concentration (mg/dL) was significantly lower (p=.002) in diabetics (42.48±14.24) than controls (49.38±11.76). Conclusion: The current study concludes that serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL were significantly higher in type 2 diabetics than controls, while HDL was lower in diabetics than controls. High cholesterol, TG and LDL along with low HDL are high risk factors in type 2 diabetics in giving rise to cardiovascular diseases; that needs evaluation at earlier stages.

The role of serum lipoprotein levels in predicting independent short-term mortality In COVID-19 patients

Background: Plasma lipoprotein levels typically change as a result of systemic inflammation in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). These changes have been reported to be related to the severity and prognosis of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, and cholesterol levels andindependent short-term (28-day) mortality in COVID-19 patients with critical disease.&#x0D; Material and Method: The retrospective study included patients that had a positive result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and were followed up in ICU due to pneumonia and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure between March 2020 and January 2021.&#x0D; Results: The 123 patients comprised 69 (56.1%) women and 54 (43.9%) men with a mean age of 65.41±13.93 years. Mean hospital and ICU stays were 16.07±9.84 and 8.54±8.24 days, respectively. Short-term (28-day) mortality occurred in 33 (26.8%) patients. Mean serum LDL, HDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were 100.61±36.32, 41.57±10.74, 136.67±85.33, and 164.4±40.73 mg/dL, respectively. Short-term (28-day) mortality established a significant relationship with LDL and HDL levels, whereas no significant relationship was established with cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.332, and p=0.222, respectively). The durations of hospital and ICU stay established a significant relationship with LDL levels (p=0.033 and p=0.002, respectively).&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on our results, we suggest that monitoring HDL and LDL levels with serial measurements in patients with critical and severe COVID-19 pneumonia may be useful for predicting the prognosis.

A Study on the Lipid Profile of Hypertensive Patients

Background: Dyslipidaemia and hypertension are the commonest risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). To study the lipid profile in hypertensive patients.&#x0D; Methods: The present study was carried out on a total of 100 hypertensive patients attending our Hospital and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Twelve hour fasting lipid analysis was done for Serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol(TC), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL).&#x0D; Results: The Mean serum total cholesterol values were highly significant in hypertensive subjects (235.36±32.36mg/dL) as compared to the healthy control subjects (152.36±12.01mg/dL). The mean serum TG level was 110.36±16.12 mg/dl in healthy control subjects, and 215.23±35.36 mg/dl in hypertensive patients. This difference was highly significant. The mean values for HDL was 27.23±6.02 mg/dL for hypertensive subjects whereas 43.21±5.36 mg/dl for healthy control subjects, respectively. The Mean serum LDL values were highly significant in hypertensive subjects (154.36±31.26 mg/dL) as compared to the healthy control subjects (95.36±16.02mg/dL).&#x0D; Conclusion: All the lipid profile like cholesterol, LDL, TG and HDL were derange in the hypertensive than those in the healthy controls.&#x0D; Keywords: Hypertension ,Lipid profile, HDL ,TG , LDL.

Abstract 68: Hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis – Experience from a single center of 20 patients

Background and Aim: Although hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a well-established cause of acute pancreatitis (AP), there are no clear-cut therapeutic guidelines. Furthermore, studies regarding treatment and outcome of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTGAP) in comparison to non-HTGAP are scarce. The present study was aimed to determine the frequency and outcome of HTGAP in comparison to non-HTGAP.Materials and Methods: All patients admitted with AP from January 2017 to August 2021 at St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru were included, and data were collected prospectively. Patients with HTGAP and non-HTGAP were compared.Results: Of 964 patients admitted with AP, 20 (2.12%, M: F -13:7) were HTG related. The mean age was 39.05 years and the mean triglyceride levels were 3620.8 mg/dl (range 1094 - 11,991). Patients with HTGAP in comparison to non- HTGAP had significantly (p <0.05) high BMI (29.22 v/s 25.69), high severity scores (BISAP and CT severity score, 2.6 v/s 2.06 and 7.5 v/s 4.80) and required prolonged hospitalization (12.9 v/s 6.5 days). 16 patients were treated with insulin infusion and rest conservatively.Conclusion: HTGAP occurred in young patients with high BMI and was associated with more severe disease and required prolonged hospitalization in comparison to patients with non-HTGAP.

A Head-to-Head Comparison of a Free Fatty Acid Formulation of Omega-3 Pentaenoic Acids Versus Icosapent Ethyl in Adults With Hypertriglyceridemia: The ENHANCE-IT Study.

BackgroundMAT9001 is an omega‐3 free fatty acid (FFA) formulation containing mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). Compared with icosapent ethyl (EPA‐ethyl esters [EE]), EPA+DPA‐FFA previously showed enhanced triglyceride lowering and higher plasma EPA when both were administered once daily with a very–low fat diet. This trial compared pharmacodynamic responses and plasma omega‐3 levels following twice daily dosing, with meals, of EPA+DPA‐FFA and EPA‐EE in hypertriglyceridemic subjects consuming a Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet.Methods and ResultsThis open‐label, randomized, 2‐way crossover trial, with 28‐day treatment periods separated by ≥28‐day washout, was conducted at 8 US centers and included 100 subjects with fasting triglycerides 1.70 to 5.64 mmol/L (150–499 mg/dL) (median 2.31 mmol/L [204 mg/dL]; 57% women, average age 60.3 years). The primary end point was least squares geometric mean percent change from baseline plasma triglycerides. In the 94 subjects with analyzable data for both treatment periods, EPA+DPA‐FFA and EPA‐EE reduced least squares geometric mean triglycerides from baseline: 20.9% and 18.3%, respectively (P=not significant). EPA+DPA‐FFA reduced least squares geometric mean high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein by 5.8%; EPA‐EE increased high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein by 8.5% (P=0.034). EPA+DPA‐FFA increased least squares geometric mean plasma EPA, DPA, and total omega‐3 (EPA+docosahexaenoic acid+DPA) concentrations by 848%, 177%, and 205%, respectively, compared with corresponding changes with EPA‐EE of 692%, 140%, and 165% (all P<0.001). EPA+DPA‐FFA increased docosahexaenoic acid by 1.7%; EPA‐EE decreased docosahexaenoic acid by 3.3% (P=0.011). Lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein responses did not differ between treatments.ConclusionsEPA+DPA‐FFA raised plasma EPA, DPA, and total omega‐3 significantly more than did EPA‐EE. EPA+DPA‐FFA also reduced triglycerides and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein without increasing low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.RegistrationURL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04177680.

Hematological and serum chemistry profile in wild Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) from Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico

The Pacific mackerel Scomber japonicus aquaculture is receiving growing attention, and further development of this industry is expected to protect wild stocks. Information on S. japonicus hematology is very limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide the hematological and serum chemistry profiles associated with sex and some seasonal variations in Pacific mackerel from Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Fish were sampled in April (spring) and August (summer). Results showed that the condition factor and all blood parameters analyzed in male and female mackerel were not affected by sex (P &gt; 0.05). The seasonality effect on the mackerel was observed in some blood parameters such as mean corpuscular hemoglobin, total protein, globulin, and triglycerides that exhibited lower values in April compared to August (P &lt; 0.05). While white blood cell count was higher in August (P &lt; 0.05) compared with April. The fish sampled during the two sampling times were possibly a heterogeneous group of ages (1 to 3 years) with lengths ranging from 20 to 30 cm. Consequently, there is an urgent need to follow doing reference interval databases to assess Pacific mackerel health status under different conditions.

A STUDY OF LIPID PROFILE IN ANAEMIA

Objectives:Both anemia and dyslipidemia are widely prevalent public health problems, especiallyin the Indian population. Associationof anemia and dyslipidemias were reported in some individual experimental animals. The study was planned to find thechanges in serum lipid profile in adult Indian patients with anemia. Material and methods:100 cases of anemia (hemoglobin &lt;13 g% in men and &lt;12 g% in women), and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls, in the age group 18-40 years were investigated for any possible changes in serum lipid profile i.e.,triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Results:The mean cholesterol in patients with anemia was 122.47 ± 29.32 mg/dl, whereas in controls group was 160.43 ± 38.91 mg/dl. The mean serum triglyceride level in patients with anemia was 89.41 ± 33.1532 mg/dl and in control group was 111.45 ± 40.6632 mg/dl. Mean high-density lipoprotein levels were 36.13 ± 12.8132 mg/dl in anemic group and 45 ± 13.032 mg/dl in control group, whereas low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was 70.12 ± 21.64 mg/dl in the anemic group and 100.45 ± 30.8032 mg/dl in control group. VLDL levels were higher in control group (21.96 ± 8.132 mg/dl) compared to the anemic group (18.34 ± 7.6432 mg/dl). Conclusion: Lipoproteins levels were significantly abnormal in anemic as compared to non-anemic subjects.

Correlation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Serum Lipid Levels Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: We conducted this study among people with type 2 diabetes to see if 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and serum lipid levels correlate. Study Design: Retrospective/ Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: THQ Hospital Khairpur Tamewali, Bahawalpur. Jun 2021-Dec 2021 Methods: In this study, a total of 140 people with type-2 diabetes were examined. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 85 years. Detailed demographics, including age, sex, BMI, literacy, and occupation, were obtained from all patients with signed consent. Blood samples were obtained from each patient and sent to a facility to be analyzed. HbA1c and cholesterol levels were also tested. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence technique. The lipid panel was measured using an automated analyzer utilizing enzymatic techniques. SPSS 24.0 version was used to analyze complete data. Results: There were 80 (57.1%) males and 60 (42.9%) female patients in this study. Mean age of the patients was 49.12±3.61 years with mean BMI 27.11±8.44 kg/m2. 65 (46.4%) cases were literate and majority of the patients were job holders in factories 82 (58.6%). Frequency of vitamin D deficiency was found among 100 (71.4%) cases. Frequency of dyslipidemia was found among 108 (77.1%) patients. We found mean cholesterol level was 184.11±6.67 (mg/dl), mean HDL among patients were 45.16±5.53 mg/dl, mean triglyceride was 148.9±4.71 mg/dl, mean LDL among patients was 102.6±7.31 mg/dl and mean vitamin D deficiency among patients was 24.13±9.76 mg/dl. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, vitamin D deficiency is extremely common among patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, it is possible that vitamin D deficiency has an impact on dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 epidemics on prevention and care for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

To assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemics on the prevention and care for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections at a major reference centre providing preventive and clinical services in Catalonia, Spain. We retrospectively compared anonymized clinical and laboratory data from March to December 2020 vs. 2019. Monthly clinical data on HIV preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis users and on adults with HIV infection were retrieved from the administrative hospital database. Monthly tests for HIV, hepatitis B and C, Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae,and Chlamydia trachomatis, and plasma lipids and glucose were recovered from the laboratory database. There were less (↓28%, P = 0.003) but more advanced (mean CD4+ cells/μl 305 vs. 370, P < 0.001) HIV infections and more gonorrhoea (↑39%, P < 0.001) and chlamydia (↑37%, P < 0.001) infections in 2020 vs. 2019. In people with HIV, rates of HIV RNA less than 50 copies/ml remained stable (11 vs. 11%, P = 0.147) despite less scheduled visits (↓25%, P < 0.001). However, they had less antiretroviral prescription changes (↓10%, P = 0.018), worse plasma lipids [mean total cholesterol 190 vs. 185 mg/dl, P < 0.001;mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 114 vs. 110 mg/dl, P < 0.001; mean triglycerides 136 vs. 125 mg/dl, P < 0.001; mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 47 vs. 48 mg/dl, P = 006], and an excess of mortality (↑264%, P = 0.006) due in great part not only to COVID-19 but also to other causes. In our setting, COVID-19 epidemics was associated with an increase in some prevalent sexually transmitted infections, with less but more advanced HIV infections, and with worse nonvirologic healthcare outcomes and higher mortality in people living with HIV.

Comprassion the Lipid Profile among Children Suffreing from Nephrotic Syndrome before and after Remission

Aims: The study aimed to investigate serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL (low density lipoprotein), VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein), and HDL (high density lipoprotein) levels in nephrotic syndrome at the onset and during remission in first episode and relapse cases, as well as the relationship between dyslipidemia persistence and severity and disease duration and relapse frequency.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective study including 30 children aged 0 to 12 years with nephrotic syndrome. They were steroid responsive in 22 cases and steroid dependent in 8 cases. They were assessed clinically and a lipid profile was taken at the start, during remission, and after treatment. A total of 30 children without liver or kidney disease were included as controls.&#x0D; Results: The mean blood cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL all increased significantly (p0.005). When compared to controls, HDL levels increased dramatically (P value 0.001) after nephrotic syndrome treatment. Lipid levels (serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL) were significantly lower during remission in first-episode nephrotic syndrome cases, whereas lipid levels were significantly greater even during remission in recurrent cases. After treatment, total cholesterol and TGL levels were found to be higher, with P values of 0.004 and 0.004 respectively, as the duration of disease increased.&#x0D; Conclusion: The current investigation demonstrates that widespread hyperlipidemia is present in nephrotic syndrome. When compared to recently diagnosed with NS, this was much higher in relapse cases. Lipid profiles return to normal during remission recently diagnosed with NS, but they are considerably higher in recurrence instances, even during remission. As a result, there is a justification for treatment.

Evaluating the safety and efficacy of a polyherbal Unani formulation in dyslipidaemia-a prospective randomized controlled trial

Ethnopharmacological relevanceUnani System of Medicine offers treatment for obesity and dyslipidaemia. Jawarish Falafili (JF) is a Unani polyherbal pharmacopoeial preparation. It has been used in the treatment of obesity for a long time. Dyslipidaemia is a recognised modifiable risk factor for hypertension, ischemic heart disease and stroke. Limitations of the current conventional therapy have provided scope for research of a potential drug in this medical condition. It was hypothesised that JF may ameliorate dyslipidaemia in human participants.Aim of the study: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the JF. Materials and methodsThis was a prospective randomized, active-controlled, open-label and parallel-group study. We randomized 74 participants of dyslipidaemia into treatment (n = 38) and control (n = 36) groups. Of them, 30 participants in each group completed the trial. The participants of any sex aged between 30 and 60 years, with serum total cholesterol (TC) ≥200 mg/dl and/or serum triglycerides (TG) ≥150 mg/dl and/or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level ≥130 mg/dl and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level <40 mg/dl were enrolled in this study. The participants of the treatment group were treated with JF (10 gm/day) once and atorvastatin (20 mg/day) was given to the control group for 90 days once at night daily. ResultsWe observed a significant reduction (treatment group versus control group) in mean serum TC by 22.89% versus 19.36%, TG by 29.90% versus 23.26% and LDL-C by 29.16% versus 27.92% from baseline (p < 0.05). But the change in mean serum HDL-C levels post-treatment was insignificant in both groups (p > 0.05). On intergroup comparison, the magnitude of the difference of mean TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C levels between the groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.00.05). ConclusionsThis study concluded that JF and atorvastatin were equally effective in controlling dyslipidaemia. They were tolerated well by all participants and found safe during the course of treatment.

The Effects of Helicobacter Pylori Eradication on Liver Function and Metabolic Profile in Non-diabetic Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A 5-year Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effects of Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication on liver function tests (LFT) and fat content (LFC) in non-diabetic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: This randomized clinical trial included dyspeptic HP infected non-diabetic NASH participants. The intervention arm received HP eradication treatment, while the control arm did not get any HP treatment. In the meantime, the standard management of NASH was performed in both trial arms. Mean alterations in LFT were the primary outcome and the secondary outcomes included the mean changes in LFC and serum metabolic profile. The trial follow-up period was 5 years. RESULTS: 40 participants (female: 20), with a mean age of 41.58 (±12.31) years, were enrolled in the study. The HP eradication arm included 20 participants (female: 11) with a mean age of 40.25 (±10.59) years, and the control arm consisted of 20 individuals (female: 9) with a mean age of 42.90 (±13.97) years. The tests of within-subjects effects showed a significant decrease in mean serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; P=0.007), triglyceride (TG; P=0.04), cholesterol (P=0.004), and fasting blood sugar (FBS; P<0.001), and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL; P=0.04) in both research groups during the study period. The tests of between-subjects effects demonstrated a more significant decrement of FBS in HP eradicated patients than the controls (P=0.02). The reduction in waist circumference, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, insulin, and LFC were more prominent in the intervention group than the controls; however, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Adding HP eradication treatment to standard NASH treatment showed more therapeutic effect thanthe standard NASH treatment protocol alone regarding the decrement of FBS in participants with dyspeptic non-diabetic NASH. Considering the non-statistically significant improvement in other metabolic indices and LFT in this trial, further studies are recommended.