Sum Mean Square Research Articles

Evaluation of quality protein maize crosses through line X testeranalysis for grain yield and quality traits

A set of eighty one genotypes comprising sixty three newly developed single cross quality protein maize hybrids produced by 9 lines x 7 testers crosses along with sixteen parental inbred lines and two standard checks were evaluated for genetic variability, broad sense heritability and genetic advance at CCS, Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal, during kharif 2014. Highly significant values of mean sum of squares due to genotypes for all the 17characters studied could be recorded. Close correspondence between GCV and PCV was observed for all the traits except number of cobs per plant and cob diameter. The characters viz., number of grains per cob, tryptophan content, lysine content and grain yield per plant were recorded high estimates of heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean indicating them to be controlled by additive genes.

Combining Ability Analysis for Northern Leaf Blight Disease Resistance on Tanzania Adapted Inbred Maize Lines

Northern leaf blight (NLB) disease incited by Exserohilum turcicum has increased in incidence and severity. Inbred lines combining ability and its interactions to the environment are required for the development of NLB disease resistance. The specific objectives were to estimate the combining ability for NLB disease resistance, determine maternal effects, and determine the heterosis in the F1 hybrids by using a full 11 × 11 diallel cross. The resulting 110 F1 hybrids with the 11 parents were evaluated together with 9 commercial varieties at three Agricultural Research Institutes: Tumbi, Uyole and Selian which represent diverse environments. Breeding materials were planted in 13 × 10 alpha lattice design with two replications per site. Top ten experimental hybrids in each site had negative mid parent heterosis for NLB disease severity. Heterosis for NLB disease severity ranged 94-362%. The overall mid parent heterosis means for yield across sites was 152%. Maternal effects had non-significant (P>0.005) influence on the inheritance of the NLB disease severity. Mean sum of squares for GCA was highly significant (P<0.001) on disease severity indicating additive gene action. Mean sum of squares for SCA were highly significant on disease severity and yield implying non-additive gene action. The mean squares for reciprocals effects were highly significant for yield and non-maternal effects sums of squares had significant effect (P<0.05) on yield. The GCA effects contribution was high for disease severity (91%) and lesion number (85%). With the exception of CML 395 and KS03-0B15-12 parents which were susceptible, all GCA effects were negative implying the contribution to disease resistance in their progenies. Due to preponderance of the additive gene action, recurrent selection could be used to improve the resistance of inbreeds while the non-additive gene action could be exploited in breeding for disease resistant high yielding hybrids.

Assessment of Combining Ability for Yield and Quality Components in Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L)

Six parental genotypes and their thirty F1 hybrids in a full diallel cross system with reciprocals, were used in the present study to estimate combining ability for quantitative and qualitative traits in hot pepper. The experiment was conducted at Department of Vegetable Crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam, India during 2013- 2015. The mean sum of squares due to gca, sca and rca were significant for all the characters which suggested that these parents could have performed differently in different combinations indicating the interallelic interactions. All the traits studied exhibited greater SCA variance than GCA, suggesting that these traits are controlled by non-additive gene action. Analyzing the gca effects of parents for various traits revealed that LCA 625, K 1 and PKM 1 were the best general combiners for almost all the traits. Estimates of SCA effects showed that the hybrids LCA 625× K 1, K 1× Arka Lohit and Pusa Jwala × PKM 1 were found to be the best combiners for yield and its attributes. The hybrid K 1×Arka Lohit was the best reciprocal combiner for quality parameters based on their better mean performance and combing ability. These results suggested that commercial production of hot pepper hybrids and isolation of pure lines from these hybrids is a possible way to enhance the yield and fruit quality .

Two-way ANOVA Calculations Using MS-Excel

This paper proposes the concept of ANOVA, Two-way ANOVA and assumptions of ANOVA. This accommodates linear model in Two-way ANOVA with different sum of squares, degrees of freedom's, mean sum of squares, ANOVA, the inference about the analysis and also explain the MS-EXCEL procedure for calculations of Two-way ANOVA.

Multi-Objective Optimization for Distributed MIMO Networks

In this paper, we investigate the linear transceiver optimization for multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) interference networks, where multiple pairs of multi-antenna source and destination nodes communicate simultaneously. Different from most of existing works, we jointly consider three critical issues of the linear transceiver optimization for MIMO interference networks based on multi-objective optimization theory, i.e., signal transmission, energy and security. Specifically, using the modified weighted Tchebycheff method, we investigate three kinds of multi-objective optimization problems (MOOPs): 1) sum mean square error minimization and harvested energy maximization; 2) transmit power minimization and energy harvesting efficiency maximization; 3) transmit power minimization, energy harvesting efficiency maximization, and physical layer security. Based on the Charnes–Cooper transformation and penalty function method, the formulated MOOPs are transformed into convex optimization problems and thus can be effectively solved. The resulting Pareto optimal solutions set reveals the complicated but important relationships among these involved single objective optimization problems, which are usually individually investigated in the literature. Finally, numerical simulation results demonstrate the performance advantages of the proposed algorithm and corroborate the theoretical analysis.

Joint Rate Maximization of Downlink and Uplink in Multiuser MIMO SWIPT Systems

Beamforming has the potential to improve the efficiency of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. Existing beamforming techniques have been focused on the downlink of SWIPT systems. In this paper, we optimize the beamformers and transmit duration to maximize the weighted sum rate of both the downlink and uplink in a multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) SWIPT system. Specifically, we formulate and transform the problem into a weighted sum mean square error minimization, conduct difference of convex programming to decouple the downlink and uplink, and convert the problem to quadratic programming (QP), which can be solved iteratively in a centralized fashion. We also decentralize the QP problem using dual decompositions, and reduce the time-complexity without compromising the data rate. Moreover, our algorithms are extended to the case under imperfect channel state information. Confirmed by simulations, the proposed decentralization can dramatically reduce the time-complexity by orders of magnitude. The scalability of the proposed approach can be substantially enhanced to support medium to large networks.

Linear Precoding Scheme Design for MIMO Two-Way Relay Systems with Imperfect Channel State Information

The aim of this paper is to investigate a linear precoding scheme design for a multiple-input multiple-output two-way relay system with imperfect channel state information. The scheme design is simplified as an optimal problem with precoding matrix variables, which is deduced with the maximum power constraint at the relay station based on the minimum mean square error criterion. With channel feedback delay at both ends of the channel and the channel estimation errors being taken into account, we propose a matrix decomposition scheme and a joint iterative scheme to minimize the average sum mean square error. The matrix decomposition method is used to derive the closed form of the relay matrix, and the joint iterative algorithm is used to optimize the precoding matrix and the processing matrix. According to numerical simulation results, the matrix decomposition scheme reduces the system bit error rate (BER) effectively and the joint iterative scheme achieves the best performance of BER against existing methods.

Combining ability for yield and yield attributing characters inrabi mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.

Seven genotypically diverse lines of mungbean were crossed in diallele fashion to identify genotypes with high general combining ability and specific cross combinations with high specific combining ability for yield and yield attributes in rabi season excluding reciprocals. The analysis for combining ability revealed significant mean sum of squares due to general and specific combining ability for all the characters studied indicating importance of both additive as well as non-additive gene effects involved in the expression of all the characters. Higher magnitude of general combining ability variances for most of the traits except for number of branches per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod and harvest index pointed out the preponderance of additive component of the genetic variance in the expression of the characters under study. The good general combiners for yield attributing traits were Co-4, GBM-1 and Meha and the best specific cross combinations having the highest SCA effect for yield and yield attributing traits were Co-4 x Meha, Co-4 x GBM-1, Rm-9-126 x Rm-9- 134, GBM-1 x Meha and Rm-9-133 x GBM-1. This cross combinations could be utilized for further breeding programmes for the development of rabi mungbean varieties with chilling tolerant ability or photo-thermo insensitivity, so as to exploit potential of rabi mungbean in rice fallows of heavy rainfall zone.

Genotype × Environment Interaction and Phenotypic Stability analysis of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) in Mid-Hills of North-West Himalayas

Stability performance of 30 linseed genotypes including commercial cultivars and elite lines (indigenous and exotic) was compared by using regression on environmental means for grain yield and its components under 5 different environments during rabi 2013-2014. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the traits studied over all 5 individual environments. Genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for all the characters studied. E + (G × E) was significant for all the characters except the number of seeds per capsule. Mean sum of squares for environment (linear) showed significance for all the characters. Significant differences for G × E (linear) were observed for 5 traits viz., primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, aerial biomass yield per plant, seed yield per plant and 1000-seed weight. Based on mean performance, regression coefficient (bi) and deviation from regression (S2di) the genotype Him Alsi-2, KL-241 and Nagarkot was highly stable for seed yield (g) and number of capsules per plant was found most adaptive to overall environments. These promising genotypes may be utilized as donors in linseed improvement program for target ecosystems.

Magnetic resonance texture parameters are associated with ablation efficiency in MR-guided high-intensity focussed ultrasound treatment of uterine fibroids

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the association between texture parameter analysis derived from T2-weighted images and efficiency of magnetic resonance-guided focussed ultrasound (MRgFUS) ablation for the treatment of uterine fibroids.Materials and methods: Fifty-five women treated by MRgFUS were included in this retrospective analysis. Texture parameters were calculated using three 2D regions of interest placed on three consecutive slices on the same sagittal 3D T2-weighted images obtained at the beginning of MRgFUS ablation. Using uni- and multi-variate linear regression, texture parameters, fibroids/muscular T2W ratio (T2Wr), Funaki type, and fibroid depth were correlated with ablation efficiency, defined as the ratio of non-perfused volume (NPV) on post-treatment contrast-enhanced MRI by total volume of treatment-cell sizes used. Inter-rater reproducibility for texture analysis was assessed using variation coefficients.Results: The mean total treatment cell volume was 49.5 (±30) ml, corresponding to a mean NPV of 57.2 (±57) ml (28%). The mean ablation efficiency was 1.14 (±0.7), with a range of 0.03–3.6. In addition to fibroid/muscular T2Wr, seven of the 14 texture parameters were significantly correlated with ablation efficiency: mean signal intensity (p = .047); Skewness (p = .03); Kurtosis (p = .015); mean uniformity (p = .052); mean sum of square (p = .045); mean sum entropy (p = .021) and mean entropy (p = .051). In multivariate linear regression, fibroid/muscular T2Wr and sum of entropy were associated with ablation efficiency. The inter-rater coefficient of variation for sum entropy was 2.6%.Conclusions: Uterine fibroid texture parameters provide complementary information to T2Wr, and are associated with MRgFUS efficiency.Key pointsMean sum entropy is negatively correlated with MRgFUS efficiency (ρ = −0.307, p = .021).Fibroids/muscular T2-weighted ratio and entropy are associated with MRgFUS efficiency.Texture parameters are better predictors of MRgFUS efficiency than Funaki type.Fibroid MR texture analysis can improve patient selection for MRgFUS.

Combining Ability Analysis of Blast Disease Resistance and Agronomic Traits in Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn

&lt;p&gt;Blast disease is the most important biotic constraint to finger millet production. Therefore disease resistant varieties are required. However, there is limited information on combining ability for resistance and indeed other agronomic traits of the germplasm in Uganda. This study was carried out to estimate the combining ability and gene effects controlling blast disease resistance and selected agronomic traits in finger millet. Thirty six crosses were generated from a 9 × 9 half diallel mating design. The seed from the 36 F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; crosses were advanced by selfing and the F&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; families and their parents were evaluated in three replications. General combining ability (GCA) for head blast resistance and the other agronomic traits were all highly significant (p ≤ 0.01), whereas specific combining ability (SCA) was highly significant for all traits except grain yield and grain mass head&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. On partitioning the mean sum of squares, the GCA values ranged from 31.65% to 53.05% for head blast incidence and severity respectively, and 36.18% to 77.22% for the other agronomic traits measured. Additive gene effects were found to be predominant for head blast severity, days to 50% flowering, grain yield, number of productive tillers plant&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, grain mass head&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, plant height and panicle length. Non-additive gene action was predominant for number of fingers head&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, finger width and panicle width. The parents which contributed towards high yield were &lt;em&gt;Seremi 2&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Achaki&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Otunduru&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Bulo&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Amumwari&lt;/em&gt;. Generally, highly significant additive gene action implied that progress would be made through selection whereas non-additive gene action could slow selection progress and indicated selection in the later generations.&lt;/p&gt;

Optimizing age at first use of semen for higher fertilityin Sahiwal breeding bulls

The objective of the study was to optimise the age at first use (AAFU) of semen in Sahiwal breeding bulls which will help in early selection of bulls under progeny testing programme. The data on AAFU, conception rate based on first A.I. (CRFAI), overall conception rate (OCR) and birth weight (B.WT) of 43 Sahiwal bulls during 1987 to 2013 at NDRI centre pertaining to 8 sets of Sahiwal improvement programme at ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, India were adjusted for significant environmental influences and subsequently analyzed. Simple and multiple regression models were used for prediction of CRFAI and OCR of Sahiwal bulls. Comparative evaluation of three developed models (I to III) have showed that Model III, having AAFU and B.WT which fulfill the accuracy of model as revealed by high coefficient of determination, low mean sum of square to due error, low conceptual predictive value and low Bayesian information criterion . The results showed that average predicted CRFAI was highest (49.34%) at less than 5 years and lowest (44.79%) at &gt; 6 years of age at first A.I. /use. Similarly average predicted OCR was highest (48.50%) at less than 5 years and lowest (44.56%) at &gt;6 years of age at first A.I. / use of Sahiwal bulls. In organized herd under progeny testing programme, Sahiwal bulls should be used prior to 5 years which is expected to result in 4.45% better CRFAI and 3.94% better OCR in comparison to Sahiwal bulls used after 6 years of age.

A DFT and QSAR Study of Several Sulfonamide Derivatives in Gas and Solvent

The activity of 34 sulfonamide derivatives has been estimated by means of multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques. These models were also utilized to select the most efficient subsets of descriptors in a cross-validation procedure for non-linear -log (IC50) prediction. The results obtained using GA-ANN were compared with MLR-MLR, MLR-ANN, SA-ANN and GA-ANN approaches. A high predictive ability was observed for the MLR-MLR, MLR-ANN, SA-ANN and MLR-GA models, with root mean sum square errors (RMSE) of 0.3958, 0.1006, 0.0359, 0.0326 and 0.0282 in gas phase and 0.2871, 0.0475, 0.0268, 0.0376 and 0.0097 in solvent, respectively (N=34). The results obtained using the GA-ANN method indicated that the activity of derivatives of sulfonamides depends on different parameters including DP03, BID, AAC, RDF035v, JGI9, TIE, R7e+, BELM6 descriptors in gas phase and Mor 32u, ESpm03d, RDF070v, ATS8m, MATS2e and R4p, L1u and R3m in solvent. In conclusion, the comparison of the quality of the ANN with different MLR models showed that ANN has a better predictive ability.

Modeling and Statistical Inference on Generalized Inverse Weibull Software Reliability Growth Model

In this paper we introduce the generalized inverse Weibull finite failure software reliability model which includes both increasing and decreasing nature of the hazard function. The increasing/decreasing behaviour of the failure occurrence rate fault is taken into account by the hazard of generalized inverse Weibull distribution. The model parameters are estimated using maximum likelihood method for interval domain data and numerical examples are provided to illustrate the estimation technique. The proposed model is compared with the standard existing models through error sum of squares, mean sum of squares, predictive ratio risk and Akaikes information criteria using different data sets. The result showed that the proposed model performs satisfactorily better than the existing finite failure category models.

Combining ability for yield and oil quality traits in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern &amp; Coss] using line × tester analysis

ABSTRACT : Ten lines and four testers of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] genotypes were used to estimate general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects estimate for yield and oil quality traits. For all the quantitative and quality traits, the mean sum of squares due to line/tester was highly significant, proving that the parental lines used in present investigation are comprising the diverse genetic background. Among the lines and testers, good general combiner RH-30, RAURD 214, EC 401574 and Rajendra Sufalam have exhibited desirable negative and significant GCA effect for days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity, whereas positive and significant GCA effect for number of primary and secondary branches per plant, siliqua per plant, siliqua length, 1000 seed weight, biological yield per plant, oleic acid, oil content and seed yield per plant, indicating the presence of additive gene action or additive x additive interaction effects. On the basis of desirable SCA effects for yield, oil and its component traits were found best cross combinations RAURD 153/ JD-6, EC 401574/Rajendra Sufalam, RAURD 170/JD-6 and RAURD 214/Rajendra Sufalam. The cross combinations EC 401574/Rajendra Sufalam, RAURD 214/Pusa Bold and RAURD 172/ Pusa Bold with highly significant economic heterosis and SCA effects, reflected presence of both additive and non-additive gene effects responsible for increase in grain yield over economic parents.

Evaluation of day-by-day variability of home blood pressure using a home blood pressure telemonitoring system.

There have been no reports indicating how a home blood pressure (HBP) telemonitoring system influences day-by-day HBP variability. We evaluated day-by-day HBP variability using an HBP telemonitoring system, randomizing 60 individuals to either a telemonitoring group or the control group. There were no significant changes in day-by-day HBP variability between the two groups. However, the SD, root mean sum square differences, and the average real variability values for systolic blood pressure only in the control group in the latter half of the 4-week study were significantly greater than those in the first half (P<0.05). A HBP telemonitoring system could be useful in obtaining stable HBP readings over a certain period of time.

A comparison between farmers’ and breeders’ Varietal Selection for Cowpea (&lt;em&gt;Vigna unguiculata&lt;/em&gt; (L). Walp) Improvement

Farmer participatory selection of varieties in crop improvement is considered as an accelerating process in identifying adaptable varieties for farmer grown conditions. To compare the effectiveness of farmer participation in varietal selection with respect to selection at breeding stations, lines derived from two cowpea crosses CP 19 x Waruni and CP 20 x CP 22 at the Grain Legumes and Oil Crops Research and Development Center, Angunakolapellessa, using three breeding methods (pedigree, modified bulk and single seed descent) were evaluated in two Randomized Complete Block Designs during Yala 2013 and Maha 2013/14. Each trial included 30 lines which represented 10 best lines per breeding method and the parents of the cross. Same varietal composition was tested in three selected farmer fields with respect to each cross in RCBD with two replicates. At the maturity stage, evaluating of varieties of both trials of the research station was carried out by farmers and the breeders in two seasons. Farmer field trials were also evaluated following the same procedure by inviting the nearby cowpea cultivating farmers for each trial. Yields were also recorded in each farmer trial. Lines/method was found to be significant for all the characteristics studied at the research station trial for the cross CP 19 x Waruni while pod length, hundred seed weight and yield were significant for the lines in CP 20x CP 22 cross for both seasons. Mean sum of squares of seed per pod in both crosses were significantly different among three breeding methods but for other characteristics, methods were not significantly different. There was a significant difference among tested lines for farmer scores and breeder scores on the basis of Friedman test for each trial in both seasons at the research station. Except Sewanagala trial of CP19 x Waruni cross and Mahawewa trial of CP 20 x CP22 cross, lines tested in other trials at farmer fields were significantly different for farmer scores. According to adaptability testing there was a significant positive correlation with farmer ranks at farmer field level with ranking method and variance component method ranks. The correlation of breeders’ ranks at the research station level with the adaptability ranks were comparatively lower than the farmer ranks at farmer field level. With respect to the four adaptability rankings, CP19 x Waruni cross has ranked five lines, S1-53, S1-35, B1-74, B1-64 and B1 - 39while CP 20 x CP22 cross ranked three lines B2-15, S2-64 and Waruni as the best. Since the top ranking lines mostly belonged to SSD and modified bulk breeding methods the two methods can be effectively used for the cowpea improvement. Further farmer participation in variety selection at their own field conditions will be much effective in testing of adaptabilities along with the proper analysis methods.

COMBINING ABILITY FOR YIELD AND COMPONENT CHARACTERS IN WHITE GRAIN QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE

Combining ability for yield and yield components were carried out in a 8×8 diallel cross of white grain quality protein maize (QPM) to determine the general combining ability (GCA) of the parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of the crosses. Significant mean sum of squares due to GCA and SCA were observed for all the characters studied. Higher magnitude of SCA variance than GCA variance clearly indicated the predominance of non-additive gene action for all the traits. The parental lines P4, P7 and Q6 were found to be the best general combiner for yield components and these parents could be used as donor parents in hybridization to improve traits like days to tasseling, days to silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, grains per ear and 1000 grain weight by accumulation of favorable genes. The significant positive SCA along with high mean yield, the crosses Q5 × P7, P7× Q6 and P7× Q2 could be used for commercial variety development, after verifying their performance over locations.

Robust Transceiver Design for Two-User MIMO Interference Channel With Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer

For two-user multiple-input–multiple-output interference channels with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, we investigate robust transceiver design problem where channel uncertainties are modeled by worst case model. Our objective is to minimize worst case sum mean square error under individual transmit power constraints and worst case energy harvesting (EH) constraints. We propose to transform the quadratic EH constraints into linear matrix inequalities combined with two equality constraints. Furthermore, we propose to employ an algorithm based on constrained concave–convex procedure to alternatively optimize precoding matrices and postprocessing matrices. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed robust transceiver design has significant performance gain over the nonrobust one.

Prediction of individual clinical scores in patients with Parkinson's disease using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging

Neuroimaging holds the promise that it may one day aid the clinical assessment. However, the vast majority of studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have reported average differences between Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and healthy controls, which do not permit inferences at the level of individuals. This study was to develop a model for the prediction of PD illness severity ratings from individual fMRI brain scan. The resting-state fMRI scans were obtained from 84 patients with PD and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III (UPDRS-III) scores were obtained before scanning. The RVR method was used to predict clinical scores (UPDRS-III) from fMRI scans. The application of RVR to whole-brain resting-state fMRI data allowed prediction of UPDRS-III scores with statistically significant accuracy (correlation=0.35, P-value=0.001; mean sum of squares=222.17, P-value=0.002). This prediction was informed strongly by negative weight areas including prefrontal lobe and medial occipital lobe, and positive weight areas including medial parietal lobe. It was suggested that fMRI scans contained sufficient information about neurobiological change in patients with PD to permit accurate prediction about illness severity, on an individual subject basis. Our results provided preliminary evidence, as proof-of-concept, to support that fMRI might be possible to be a clinically useful quantitative assessment aid in PD at individual level. This may enable clinicians to target those uncooperative patients and machines to replace human for a more efficient use of health care resources.