Mean Serum Malondialdehyde Levels Research Articles

Role of salivary malondialdehyde in assessment of oxidative stress among diabetics

AimsTo evaluate and compare the salivary content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with type 2 diabetes and control subjects. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among 30 freshly diagnosed subjects of diabetes mellitus and 30 volunteers with no diabetes mellitus. Serum and salivary MDS levels were evaluated among all the subjects. ResultsThe mean serum MDA in group controls and diabetics was 0.95±0.13 and 3.11±0.42. The mean salivary MDA in group controls and diabetics was 0.26±0.05μmol/l and 0.81±0.07μmol/l. The mean serum and salivary MDA levels were significantly higher in group diabetics than control group (p<0.001 and <0.001) respectively. There was significant positive strong correlation between serum and salivary MDA levels in both controls and diabetics groups (r=0.857, p<0.001 and r=0.891, p<0.001) respectively. ConclusionMDA was detectable in saliva in both diabetic and control groups. There was a positive significant correlation between salivary and serum MDA in diabetic and control subjects. Hence, salivary MDA appears to be an indicator of serum MDA concentration.

Selenium and Antioxidant Status in Dairy Cows at Different Stages of Lactation.

Thirty-five multiparous Holstein cows averaging 550 ± 50 kg of body weight and in 2 to 4 parity were divided into three groups according to lactation stage (group A: nine cows from 4 to 1 weeks prepartum; group B: 11 cows from 1 to 30 days postpartum; group C: 15 cows from 30 to 100 days postpartum). Selenium concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity, and total antioxidant status (TAS) in serum were determined to evaluate selenium and antioxidant status in dairy cows at different stages of lactation. The results showed that mean serum selenium concentration, MDA level, and GSH-Px activity of cows in early lactation increased significantly (P < 0.05) when compared with cows in the dry period and peak lactation. Conversely, serum TrxR activity and TAS declined during this period (P < 0.05). The increase of serum MDA level during early lactation indicate that the reactive oxygen species, including lipid hydroperoxides, increase in this period, thus placing the cows at a greater risk of oxidative stress. The significant decrease in TrxR activity that is accompanied with a decrease in TAS during early lactation suggests that dairy cows have low antioxidant defense in this period and TrxR may be an important antioxidant defense mechanism in transition dairy cows.

Effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. powder supplementation on serum total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels in females with knee osteoarthritis

AimThe present study aimed to determine the effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. supplement on serum antioxidant status in females with knee osteoarthritis. MethodsIn this 8-week randomized clinical trial, 90 females with knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to one of three groups—medulla powder (15g medulla powder), whole fruit powder (15g whole fruit powder) or placebo. Information on dietary intake was collected using 24-h recall method for 3 days (one weekend day included). The serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using the Randox® assay and the fluorometry method respectively. Paired sample t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA were used for statistical analysis. ResultsThe mean serum TAC level in the medulla, whole fruit and placebo groups increased from 1.12±0.34 to 1.28±0.27, 1.30±0.28 to 1.50±0.28 and 1.18±0.19 to 1.30±0.22mmol/L respectively. In terms of the TAC level, the significant increase was only observed in the whole fruit group (P=0.001). The mean serum MDA level in the medulla, whole fruit and placebo groups decreased from 3.80±0.33 to 3.30±0.41, 3.25±0.51 to 2.45±0.43 and 3.38±0.63 to 2.56±0.41, respectively. A statistically significant reduction was observed only in the whole fruit group (P=0.009). DiscussionBased on the results, E. angustifolia L. in the form of whole fruit had beneficial effects on serum TAC and MDA levels in females with knee OA. This may show a possible disease modifying effect of E. angustifolia L. in knee osteoarthritis.

Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis: A preliminary prospective study.

Background:In the current scenario pathogenesis of majority of the diseases is deeply linked with the oxidative stress, irrespective of its etiology. Enumerable data suggests that reactive oxygen species play a key role in multistage carcinogenesis. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is considered as a potentially malignant disorder. Its increased incidence over recent years in the Indian subcontinent is a major health concern to oral physicians. However, the role of oxidative stress has not been widely investigated in OSMF.Aims:Is to evaluate both antioxidant and oxidant status in OSMF and to compare with controls.Settings and Design:Twenty patients and 20 controls of the same age group were enrolled in the study.Subjects and Methods:Five milliliters of blood were collected from each individual and serum was separated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) estimation using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, and antioxidant activity (AOA) using principle of TBA reactive substances was done using this serum, with a calorimetric method.Statistical Analysis Used:Student's t-test and ANOVA test.Results:The mean serum AOA status was seen to significantly decrease in OSMF patients, as compared to controls (P = 0.013). The increase in mean serum MDA level was highly significant in OSMF patients, as compared to controls (P < 0.001).Conclusion:The disparity between AOA and MDA levels in the patients clearly demonstrates the role of oxidative stress in the disease process. The results also suggest the use of antioxidants in the management of OSMF.

Systemic lycopene as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background:Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased prevalence of periodontitis and, in turn, periodontitis adversely affects the diabetic status. Oxidative stress plays a key role in affecting the pathophysiology of both the diseases and adjunctive systemic antioxidant therapy may have beneficial effect on the treatment outcome. This study was planned to compare the efficacy of systemic antioxidant therapy with lycopene as an adjunct to scaling and root planing versus scaling and root planing alone in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods:40 diabetic subjects with periodontitis, attending the OP wing of the Department of Periodontics of a tertiary referral care hospital were randomized and equally divided into group A and group B. Diabetes status was recorded as per ADA guidelines and the periodontitis status as per American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) guidelines. Group A patients underwent scaling and root planing with administration of lycopene 8 mg and group B patients were treated with scaling and root planing alone. Clinical parameters like gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. Serum markers, i.e. malondialdehyde (MDA) (TBARS assay) and C reactive protein (CRP) (ELISA), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were assessed at baseline and at 2 months and 6 months post-therapy.Results:Inter-group comparison showed group A giving statistically significant results in reducing mean serum MDA levels at 2 months and 6 months, and in reducing mean PD (mm) and mean HbA1c (%) levels at 2 months (P < 0.005).Conclusion:Lycopene as an adjunctive treatment was effective in reducing oxidative stress and restoring altered glycemic levels. Further longitudinal studies with a larger sample size are required to establish the role of lycopene in the management of chronic periodontitis.

English

Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disorder characterized by seborrhea, microcomedones, comedones, papules, pustules, nodules and possibly scarring. The pathogenesis of acne is not completely understood. Recent studies reported the possible role of reactive oxygen spesies (ROS) especially lipid peroxides in mediating acne inflammation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the final products of the lipid peroxidation that commonly used as a lipid peroxidation marker. This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between serum MDA levels and severity of acne on male patients. A total 60 patients with acne who attended in Polyclinic of Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dr Sardjito General Hospital and met the inclusion and exclusion were involved in the study. The patients were then classified using combined acne severity classification method into three group as mild, modrate and severe acnes. Blood sample were then taken from all subjects and serum MDA levels were determined spectrophotometer. The mean serum MDA levels of severe acne group (1.85 ± 0.368 μmol/L) were significantly higher than that moderate acne group (0.79 ± 0.159 μmol/L) (p = 0.000) and that mild acne group (0.52 ± 0.239 μmol/L) (p = 0.000). Moreover, the mean MDA levels of moderate acne group were also significantly higher than that mild acne group (p = 0.002). Significantly positive correlation was observed between serum MDA levels and acne lesions total count (r = 0.714; p = 0.000). It can be concluded, there is positive relationship between serum MDA levels and severity of acne vulgaris on male patients.

Analysis of oxidative stress status through MN test and serum MDA levels in PCOS women.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial reproductive healthcare problem affecting 4-12% of women and a leading cause of female infertility worldwide. The potential genetic contributors of PCOS are unclear. However, over the past decade emerging evidence has shown that increased Oxidative Stress (OS) and decreased antioxidant status were often linked with PCOS. The present case-control study was aimed to assess the reactive oxygen species induced OS in women from South India. A total of 164 individuals comprising of 89 patients and 75 controls were enrolled in the present study. For all the subjects, the frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) in epithelial samples and serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated to assess genomic instability and cytotoxicity respectively. A statistically significant difference between the groups were identified with respect to Body Mass Index, Waist to Hip Ratio, luteinizing hormone and prolactin levels (< 0.05), however the mean follicle stimulating hormone was not different between the groups (p = 0.055). The frequency of MN cells (5.89 ± 4.86 vs. 2.24 ± 2.01) and mean serum MDA (360.84 ± 87.08 vs. 301.70 ± 82.82) levels were considerably higher in patients than controls (p = < 0.0001), furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between MNC and MDA levels in patients (r = 0.349, p = 0.0008) and not in controls (r = 0.104, p = 0.37), suggest high OS in PCOS women. Therefore, MN assay and serum MDA levels may serve together or individually as biomarkers of OS in PCOS women.

Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is the most common and major medical complication of pregnancy with a high incidence of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. During pregnancy abnormally increased lipid peroxidation and free radical formation as well as significantly decreased antioxidants production in maternal blood may lead to pathogenesis of preeclampsia. So, we designed this study as little information is known about lipid peroxidation and antioxidant level in preeclampsia.Objectives: To assess the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level as a lipid peroxidation product and vitamin E (antioxidant) level in women with preeclampsia as well as in normal pregnancy and to compare the values.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 60 women aged from 25 to 35 years in the department of Biochemistry, Budi Kemuliaan Maternity Hospital (BKMH) in Jakarta during the period April to July 2004. Twenty were normal pregnant women and 20 were preeclamptic patients. For comparison age matched 20 apparently healthy nonpregnant women were included in the study. The study subjects were selected from outpatient department (OPD) of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of BKMH in Jakarta. Serum MDA (lipid peroxidation product) level was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay (TBRAS) method and vitamin E was estimated spectroflurometrically. Data were analyzed by unpaired Student’s t test between the groups by using SPSS version 12.Results: The mean serum MDA levels were significantly higher in normal pregnancy and also in preeclampsia than that of nonpregnant control group women (p&lt;0.001). Again the serum MDA levels were significantly higher in preeclampsia than that of normal pregnant women (p&lt;0.001). The serum vitamin E levels were significantly lower in preeclampsia and also in normal pregnancy than that of nonpregnant control women (p&lt;0.001). Moreover, the serum vitamin E levels were significantly lower in preeclampsia compared to that of normal pregnancy which was also statistically significant (p&lt;0.001)Conclusion: As in preeclamptic group level of oxidation product is high and antioxidant level is low, it can be assumed that in preeclampsia, serum antioxidants are excessively utilized to counteract the cellular damage mediated by free radicals production and deficient antioxidants as well as increased lipid peroxidations may be the important factors in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i2.11462 J Enam Med Col 2011; 1(2): 56-59

Anesthetics modulate oxidative stress during one-lung ventilation in lung cancer patients: Comparison of target-controlled propofol infusion and desflurane

Lung injury following thoracic surgery is a relatively uncommon disease, but has a major complication with high mortality. Many factors, including; ischemia reperfusion injury and the use of one-lung ventilation (OLV) are involved in this process. This study was conducted to compare the results of target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol versus desflurane in the aspect of oxidative stress in lung cancer patients operated with OLV. Thirty patients with non-small cell lung cancer whom were operated with OLV were studied. In propofol group (n = 15), anesthesia was based on propofol and remifentanil, both simultaneously administered via target-control infusion and in desflurane group (n = 15), anesthesia was maintained with desflurane. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured during operation and postoperatively. In each group, cases showed a statistically significant increase in serum malondialdehyde levels during operation as compared to baseline levels (P < 0.05 for both). The mean baseline levels of MDA were not significantly different among groups, although mean serum MDA levels were statistically significantly decreased at 30 min OLV, at 5 min of reoxygenation and at postoperative 6 h measurements in propofol group as compared to desflurane group (P < 0.01 for all). TCI of propofol maintained hemodynamic stability similar with desflurane in lung cancer patients which underwent lobectomy with OLV. Findings of the present study suggested that the oxidative stress during OLV might be modified with anesthetic approach and that the favorable results with propofol in view of oxidative stress might lead to the preferred use of this drug as compared to desflurane for general anesthesia with OLV. Key words: Oxidative stress, lung reexpansion, lung reperfusion, propofol, desflurane.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND SERUM LEVELS OF ISCHEMIA-MODIFIED ALBUMIN AND MALONDIALDEHYDE

To establish the correlation between ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the development of diabetic retinopathy (DRP) in patients with diabetes mellitus. Seventy Type 2 diabetic patients, 35 with DRP, and 36 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Serum IMA and MDA levels were compared statistically. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was also performed to calculate the value of IMA and MDA in distinguishing DRP. Mean serum IMA levels were 0.658 ± 0.128 absorbance units in the non-DRP group, compared with 0.767 ± 0.074 absorbance units in the DRP group and 0.619 ± 0.044 absorbance units in the control group. Mean serum MDA levels were 0.325 ± 0.172 nmol/mL, 0.244 ± 0.152 nmol/mL, and 0.178 ± 0.131 nmol/mL, respectively. The differences in IMA and MDA levels were statistically significant for all groups (P < 0.05 for all). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the determination of DRP in diabetic patients were 0.789 (95% confidence interval, 0.682-0.896) for IMA and 0.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.175-0.426) for MDA. Both serum IMA and serum MDA levels were higher in the diabetic patients compared with the control group. In particular, the high sensitivity of IMA toward DRP showed that it reflected retinal vascular complication better than MDA. Ischemia-modified albumin may be a useful marker in monitoring the risk of DRP development.

The Role of Preconditioning and N-Acetylcysteine on Oxidative Stress Resulting From Tourniquet-Induced Ischemia-Reperfusion in Arthroscopic Knee Surgery

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on oxidative stress resulting from tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion (IR) period in arthroscopic knee surgery. Forty-five patients who had arthroscopic knee surgery for meniscal and chondral lesions and for pathologic medial plica were included in this study. They were assigned to the following treatment groups: control (group C; n=15), IPC (group P; n=15), and NAC (group N; n=15). Subjects in the control group underwent routine surgical procedures. Subjects in the preconditioning group were subjected to temporary ischemia, with tourniquet performed by three compression cycles of 5 minutes followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion just before the application of tourniquet inflation. Subjects in the NAC group received 10 mg/kg NAC dissolved in 100 mL 0.9% normal saline intravenously 30 minutes before tourniquet inflation. An hour before the tourniquet was applied (preischemia) and 2 hours after tourniquet was removed (reperfusion), blood samples (to test for metabolites) were obtained. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured in all serum samples. Results were compared between preischemia and reperfusion in three groups. MDA in the control group was found to be increased significantly compared with preischemia, whereas MDA in IPC and NAC groups did not change insignificantly. SOD and GSH activities in the control group were found to be increased significantly, whereas SOD and GSH activities in IPC and NAC groups did not change significantly after reperfusion. TAC in the control group was found to be decreased and TOS was found to be increased significantly, but TAC and TOS in IPC and NAC groups were not significantly different after reperfusion. Mean serum MDA, TOS, SOD, and GSH-Px levels were lower in group P than group C at reperfusion period (p<0.05). Mean serum SOD levels were lower in group P than group N at reperfusion period (p<0.05). Tourniquet-induced IR period in routine arthroscopic knee surgery resulted in oxidative stress by increasing MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, TOS and decreasing TAC. NAC and IPC had protective effect on occurrence of oxidative stress resulting from IR period by preventing MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, TAC, and TOS changes in routine arthroscopic knee surgery.

Estimation of serum malondialdehyde in oral cancer and precancer and its association with healthy individuals, gender, alcohol, and tobacco abuse

Tobacco and alcohol induces generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, which are responsible for high rate of lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde is the most widely used marker of lipid peroxidation. The aim of the study was to estimate serum malondialdehyde level in oral precancer, oral cancer, and normal individuals. In this study serum malondialdehyde was measured according to the method of Ohkawa et al in 30 normal individuals and 30 patients each with histopathologically diagnosed oral precancer, and oral cancer. The mean serum malondialdehyde level in the control group was found to be 5.107 ± 2.32 ηmol/ml, whereas it was 9.33 ± 4.89 ηmol/ml and 14.34 ± 1.43 ηmol/ml in oral precancer and oral cancer, respectively. There was statistically significant increase in serum malondialdehyde levels in the oral precancer and oral cancer patients compared with the control group. Increased serum malondialdehyde in oral cancer and oral precancer would serve as a valuable marker for both preventive and clinical intervention, and may deserve further investigation for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

The novel ischemia marker ‘ischemia‐modified albumin’ is increased in normal pregnancies

The aim of this prospective case-control study was to determine the change in serum maternal ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) during normal pregnancies. A total of 117 pregnant (first trimester (n=24), second trimester (n=34), and third trimester (n=35)) and non-pregnant healthy women (n=23) were included. Maternal serum IMA, Malondialdehyde (MDA), and albumin levels were measured. Compared with non-pregnant women, the cross-sectional mean IMA levels in pregnant women were significantly increased, while the mean serum MDA and albumin levels were significantly decreased throughout pregnancy. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation between serum IMA and albumin levels (r=-0.354, p<0.001) was found, and there was a weak positive correlation between serum albumin and MDA levels (r=0.334, p<0.001). Serum IMA, which has recently been developed as a clinical marker of ongoing myocardial ischemia, appears to be elevated in normal pregnancy. This may be due to the physiologic oxidative stress state of pregnancy.

Winter/summer seasonal changes in malondialdehyde formation as a source of variance in oxidative stress schizophrenia research

Background. Malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress biological marker, is one of the most frequently used markers of lipid peroxidation in schizophrenia research. Data regarding MDA levels in schizophrenia are controversial. Our aim is to study the existence of winter/summer seasonal changes in serum MDA levels in schizophrenic patients. Methods. Twenty-three clinically stable treated chronic paranoid schizophrenic outpatients were studied in summer and winter. Blood was sampled between 08:30 and 09:00 h. Serum MDA was determined by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances technique. The clinical state was assessed by means of the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale. Results. Mean serum MDA levels were significantly higher in summer than winter (2.49±0.25 vs. 1.86±0.11 nmol/ml, P<0.03). Summer MDA was increased by a 33.9% compared to winter MDA. Age, gender, smoking status, body mass index, psychopharmacological treatment, illness duration, age of illness onset and CGI did not affect significantly MDA levels. Conclusion. Our results show that serum MDA presents a winter/summer rhythm of formation, with higher levels in summer than winter. It is strongly advisable to take into account the summer/winter variation in MDA levels when researching into this field.

Influence of maternal nicotine exposure on neonatal rat oxidant–antioxidant system and effect of ascorbic acid supplementation

There have been a few studies that examined the oxidative stress effects of nicotine during pregnancy and lactation. We aimed to determine the adverse effects of maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation on oxidant-antioxidant system, and to determine a protective effect of ascorbic acid (Asc). Gravid rats were assigned into four groups. In Group 1, pregnant rats received 6-mg/kg/day nicotine subcutaneously during pregnancy from 1 to 21 days of gestation and lactation (until postnatal day 21). Group 2 received nicotine and Asc for the same period. In Group 3, the rats received nicotine during lactation. Control pregnant rats (Group 4) received only saline subcutaneously. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined at 21 days of age. Nicotine exposure decreased birth weight and pregnancy weight gain. MDA values of the rat pups exposed to nicotine in both Groups 1 and 2 were higher than those of control and Group 3. SOD and MPO values of the groups were similar. Mean birth weight and serum MDA levels of Groups 1 and 2 were similar. Nicotine exposure via placental transfer increases oxidative stress as manifested by an increase in MDA level. Asc supplementation does not prevent the adverse effects of maternal nicotine exposure.

Investigation of serum nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels in cattle infected with Brucella abortus

Summary: The objective of this study was to determine serum nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in cattle infected with Brucella abortus (B. abortus). Study cohort was comprised of 30 cattle aged between 2-3 years; 20 infected with B. abortus and 10 healthy cattle. B. abortus infection was determined in the animals by Serum Agglutination Test and Multiplex PCR assay. Serum NO level was determined by enzymatic Greiss reaction and MDA level by Yoshioka method. Mean serum NO and MDA levels of cases with confirmed B. abortus were 58.20 ± 6.50 µmol/L and 2.25 ± 0.10 nmol/ml, respectively whereas those of the controls were 38.07 ± 2.40 µmol/L and 1.74 ± 0.25 nmol/ml, respectively. We found that serum NO and MDA levels in infected cattle were significantly higher than healthy control cattle (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, the increase in NO level in cattle infected with B. abortus is a result of stimulation of NO synthesis in macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and the increase in MDA level is a result of excessive radical production due to brucellosis acting upon membrane lipids and can be used as an indicator of tissue damage.

Effects of dexamethasone on small bowel and kidney oxidative stress and histological alterations in bile duct-ligated rats

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of toxic liver diseases and other hepatic alterations including obstruction of bile flow. It has been shown that the gastrointestinal tract and renal tissue is particularly affected during obstruction of bile flow. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on small bowel and kidney oxidative stress and histological alterations in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats. A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-240 g were used in this study. Group 1 (Sham-control, n = 10) rats underwent laparotomy and bile duct was dissected from the surrounding tissue. Group 2 (Dexa-control, n = 10) rats underwent laparotomy and bile duct was dissected from the surrounding tissue. The rats received daily dexamethasone. Group 3 (BDL/Untreated, n = 10) rats were subjected to bile duct ligation and no drug was applied. Group 4 (BDL/Dexa, n = 10) rats received daily dexamethasone by orogastric tube for 14 days after BDL. At the end of the 2-week period, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured and biochemical and histological evaluation were processed. The mean serum bilirubin, liver enzymes, MDA level, and histopathological score significantly decreased and SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px values were significantly increased in group 4 when compared to group 3. Group 3 presented a significant increase in caecal count of E. coli and in aerobe/anaerobe ratio. In group 4, liver was moderately damaged. Ileal biopsies from group 4 demonstrated a significant increase in villus height, total mucosal thickness, and villus density when compared to group 3. Glomerular injury scores (GIS) and arterial injury scores (AIS) in group 3 rats were increased in the juxtamedullary region. In contrast to group 4, tubulo-interstitial lesions were diffuse in group 3 animals. Dexamethasone reduced small bowel and kidney oxidative stress and histological alterations in bile duct-ligated rats with increasing SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px and decreasing MDA levels in rats with obstructed bile duct.

LIPID PEROXIDATION IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN TUMOR

Molecular and genetic signatures may predict brain tumor behavior and may soon guide tumor classification, diagnosis, and tumor-specific treatment strategies. Free oxygen radicals (FOR) are thought to take part in oncogenesis and cellular differentiation. This article explored the state of FORs and antioxidant system in patients with cerebral tumor. The serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities were measured in the serum of 35 patients with cerebral tumors (21 glioma, 14 meningioma) and 11 controls. MDA measurement was done with fluorometric method and catalase and GSH-Px enzyme activities were done with photometric method. Mean serum MDA levels, catalase, and GSH-Px enzyme activities were significantly higher for both glial and meningiomal tumor cases when compared to controls (p < .05). There is no significant difference between glioma and meningioma groups in terms of the aforementioned parameters (p > .05). In conclusion, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes as assessed by MDA, catalase, and GSH-Px were increased in patients with brain tumors, for this respect there is no difference between gliomas and meningiomas.

Effects of flurbiprofen and tiaprofenic Acid on oxidative stress markers in osteoarthritis: A prospective, randomized, open-label, active- and placebo-controlled trial

Background: The relationship between oxidative stress and osteoarthritis (OA) has been widely investigated. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels are useful markers of oxidative stress. Because of the importance of oxidative stress markers in the pathogenesis of OA, treatment might involve modification of these markers to control oxidative stress. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 conventionalNSAIDs on markers of oxidative stress in patients with OA of the knee. Methods: This 3-week, prospective, randomized, open-label, active- and placebo-controlled study was conducted at the Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. Adult patients with clinically and radiographically diagnosed moderate OA of the knee who were previously untreated were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: flurbiprofen 100 mg PO (tablets) BID, tiaprofenic acid 300 mg PO (tablets) BID, or placebo tablets BID. Patients were evaluated using clinical assessment and laboratory testing before treatment (week 0; baseline) and at the end of week 3. The primary end points were the differences in serum MDA, NO, and SOD levels versus placebo. Clinical parameters-pain at rest and on motion-were evaluated using a 10-cm visual analog scale (0 = no pain to 10 = worst pain imaginable). The duration (in minutes) of morning stiffness was recorded by patients, using patient diaries. The differences between treatment groups were assessed using multivariate analysis. Results: Thirty-nine patients (20 women, 19 men; mean [SD] age, 59.0 [11.3]years) were included in the study. Mean serum MDA and NO levels were significantly decreased at 3 weeks compared with baseline in the 2 active-treatment groups (all, P < 0.001); these values remained statistically similar to baseline in the placebo group. Serum SOD levels were increased significantly from baseline in the 2 active-treatment groups (both, P < 0.001), but not in the placebo group. No significant differences in serum MDA and NO levels were found between the group receiving flurbiprofen and that receiving tiaprofenic acid. Serum SOD levels were significantly higher in the flurbiprofen group compared with the tiaprofenic acid and placebo groups (both, P < 0.01). The mean (SD) score for pain at rest was significantly lower at 3 weeks compared with baseline with flurbiprofen and tiaprofenic acid (both, P < 0.001), but not with placebo. The mean score for pain on motion was significantly reduced from baseline values only with tiaprofenic acid ( P < 0.001). The duration of morning stiffness was significantly shorter at 3 weeks compared with baseline in all 3 study groups (all, P < 0.001). The mean scores for pain on motion and duration of morning stiffness were significantly reduced with tiaprofenic acid compared with placebo (both, P < 0.05). The study had some limitations (ie, small sample size, no blinding, the short duration of the study, and the weak correlation between serum and synovial fluid levels of NO). Conclusions: In this comparison of the effects of 3 weeks of treatment withflurbiprofen 100 mg BID and tiaprofenic acid 300 mg BID in patients with knee OA, both treatments effectively reduced serum MDA and NO levels compared with placebo. Only tiaprofenic acid significantly improved pain at rest and on motion and duration of morning stiffness compared with placebo.

Lipid Peroxidation at Various Estradiol Concentrations in Human Circulation during Ovarian Stimulation with Exogenous Gonadotropins

The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between serum malondialdehyde levels and serum estradiol concentrations in healthy human female subjects. Nine hundred and fifty-five blood samples, from infertile women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation treatment with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone, were collected for estradiol and malondialdehyde measurements. Five groups were formed according to serum estradiol levels: Group I (< 50 pg/ml), group II (50 - 299 pg/ml), group III (300-999 pg/ml), group IV (1000-1999 pg/ml) and group V (> or = 2000 pg/ml). One-way analysis of variance was used for comparisons. Mean malondialdehyde concentrations were 1.74 +/- 0.24 mmol/ml (group I), 1.53 +/- 0.20 mmol/ml (group II), 1.69 +/- 0.24 mmol/ml (group III), 1.77 +/- 0.21 mmol/ml (group IV) and 1.86 +/- 0.20 mmol/ml (group V), respectively. Mean serum malondialdehyde level at physiological estradiol concentrations (50-199 pg/ml, group II) was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than the mean malondialdehyde levels in other groups. Mean malondialdehyde concentrations among the remaining groups did not significantly differ. Our findings suggest that in vivo lipid peroxidation might be increased when circulating estradiol concentrations are below (< 50 pg/ml) or above (> 300 pg/ml) the physiological limits. High blood estradiol levels in human female subjects during ovarian stimulation with exogenous gonadotropins could be associated with increased serum malondialdehyde concentrations.