Mean Self-esteem Scores Research Articles

Factors Associated With Low Self-Esteem Among Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The present study aimed to explore the self-esteem level of patients with hematology malignancies and the associated factors. In this cross-sectional study, we screened patients with hematologic malignancies treated in the Department of Hematology of Aerospace Center Hospital between November 2019 and June 2020. We included 157 eligible patients by convenience sampling. The participants completed questionnaires covering demographic characteristics, loneliness, the coping styles, hope, five personality traits, and self-esteem level. We applied t-test, analysis of variance, simple linear regression, and multiple stepwise regression to explore the factors associated with patients' self-esteem. The mean self-esteem score of hematology tumor patients was 26.86 ± 2.34, which was lower than the national norm (P < 0.01). The multiple stepwise regression analysis identified maintaining close relationships with others, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and positive coping style as factors independently associated with the self-esteem of hematology tumor patients. Patients with hematologic malignancies experience low self-esteem. Factors including maintaining close relationships with others, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and active coping style were found to be independently associated with the self-esteem level of these patients. For patients with hematologic malignancies, health providers should apply patient-centered and targeted interventions to improve patients' self-esteem, reduce adverse psychological emotions, and improve their quality of life.

Effect of Selective Behavioral Therapy on Stress Urinary Incontinence and Self-esteem among Institutionalized Elderly Women

Stress urinary incontinence is an ignored health problem among elderly women. Aim: Toevaluate the effect of selective behavioral therapy on stress urinary incontinence and self-esteem among institutionalized elderly women. A quasi-experimental research Design was utilized on a purposive Sample of 50 elderly women residing in three geriatric homes at Minia Governorate, Egypt. Tools: A Structured questionnaire sheet and three scales (Body Mass Index, Revised Urinary Incontinence,and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scales) were utilized. Results: The mean value of stress urinary incontinence severity declined to (4.30+3.38) after 12 weeks of behavioral training sessions compared with (8.20+5.21) before, besides, the mean score of self-esteem among the studied sample was elevated to (15.48±5.75) at posttest with highly statistically significant differences between pre and posttests (p=.000). A negative correlation was found between the severity of stress urinary incontinence and self-esteem. Conclusion: The application of selective behavioral therapy included (Kegel exercise and toilet training) was effective in reducing the severity of SUI and consequently, elevation of self-esteem among institutionalized elderly women. Recommendations: Behavioral training sessions are recommended to be offered regularly for geriatric residents to improve their self-esteem by controlling stress urinary incontinence.

Effects of Psychoeducational Interventions Using Mobile Apps and Mobile-Based Online Group Discussions on Anxiety and Self-Esteem in Women With Breast Cancer: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundPsychoeducation has turned into an effective tool in taking care of cancer patients and improving their psychophysical symptoms and quality of life. Despite the growing use of mobile phone apps in medical settings for improving health, evidence supporting their effectiveness in the psychoeducation of patients with breast cancer is rarely available.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of psychoeducational interventions on anxiety and self-esteem in women with breast cancer using a mobile app and an online support group.MethodsAn unblinded randomized controlled trial based on mobile phones was conducted in Shiraz, Iran. A research assistant recruited 82 women with nonmetastatic breast cancer aged 20 to 60 years were from clinics during a face-to-face visit at the point of care and randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=41) and a wait-list control group (n=41) through blocked randomization. The intervention group received psychoeducational interventions through a mobile phone app and participated in nurse-assisted online mobile support sessions for a total four weeks, whereas the control group was put on a waiting list. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used to measure the levels of anxiety and self-esteem as the main outcomes at baseline and one week after the intervention.ResultsA total of 82 patients with a mean age of 46.45 (SD 9.29) years recruited in Winter 2016 were randomly assigned to a wait-list control group (n=41) and intervention group (n=41). Five patients dropped out for different reasons. Comparing the postintervention mean scores of anxiety and its subscales using the independent t test showed statistically significant differences between the mobile psychoeducation group and controls (P<.001). The paired t test used to compare the postintervention mean scores of anxiety with its preintervention scores in the intervention group showed significant reductions in the scores of anxiety (95% CI –17.44 to –8.90, P<.001, d=1.02) and its two subscales (state anxiety: 95% CI –9.20 to –4.21, P<.001, d=0.88 and trait anxiety: 95% CI –8.50 to –4.12, P<.001, d=0.94). Comparing the postintervention mean scores of self-esteem showed statistically insignificant differences between the control and intervention groups (16.87 vs 17.97, P=.24). In contrast with the controls, using the paired t test showed that the increase in the postintervention mean scores of self-esteem were statistically significant in the intervention group compared with the preintervention scores (mean difference 2.05, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.82, P<.001).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the key role of mobile apps in decreasing anxiety and improving self-esteem in women with breast cancer through psychoeducational interventions. Similar studies with longer follow-ups are recommended that be conducted in this context.Trial RegistrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT2015072123279N2; https://en.irct.ir/trial/19882

Relationship between childhood physical abuse and clinical severity of treatment-resistant depression in a geriatric population.

IntroductionWe assessed the correlation between childhood maltreatment (CM) and severity of depression in an elderly unipolar Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) sample.MethodsPatients were enrolled from a longitudinal cohort (FACE-DR) of the French Network of Expert TRD Centres.ResultsOur sample included 96 patients (33% of the overall cohort) aged 60 years or above, with a mean age of 67.2 (SD = 5.7). The majority of the patients were female (62.5%). The Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Quick Inventory Depression Scale-Self Report (QIDS-SR) mean scores were high, 28.2 (SD = 7.49) [MADRS score range: 0–60; moderate severity≥20, high severity≥35] and 16.5 (SD = 4.94) [IDS-SR score range: 0–27; moderate severity≥11, high severity≥16], respectively. Mean self-esteem scores were 22.47 (SD = 6.26) [range 0–30]. In an age- and sex-adjusted model, we found a positive correlation between childhood trauma (CTQ scores) and depressive symptom severity [MADRS (β = 0.274; p = 0.07) and QIDS-SR (β = 0.302; p = 0.005) scores]. We detected a statistically significant correlation between physical abuse and depressive symptom severity [MADRS (β = 0.304; p = 0.03) and QIDS-SR (β = 0.362; p = 0.005) scores]. We did not observe any significant correlation between other types of trauma and depressive symptom severity. We showed that self-esteem (Rosenberg scale) mediated the effect of physical abuse (PA) on the intensity of depressive symptoms [MADRS: b = 0.318, 95% BCa C.I. [0.07, 0.62]; QIDS-SR: b = 0.177, 95% BCa C.I. [0.04, 0.37]]. Preacher & Kelly’s Kappa Squared values of 19.1% (k2 = 0.191) and 16% (k2 = 0.16), respectively for the two scales, indicate a moderate effect.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in a geriatric TRD population documenting an association between childhood trauma (mainly relating to PA) and the intensity of depressive symptoms.

Verbal abuse among newly hired registered Jordanian nurses and its correlate with self-esteem and job outcomes

Purposes1) identify the verbal abuse prevalence among newly hired registered nurses in Jordan; 2) examine the mean score of self-esteem, intent to stay, and job commitment 3) examine the relationships between the exposure to and the effects of verbal abuse, self-esteem, job commitment, and intent to stay in newly hired Jordanian registered nurses. BackgroundStudies shows that verbal abuse in health care settings is a health-risk factor for both nurses and patients. DesignA cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted jn 2019. Materials and methodsA convenient sample of 200 registered nurses were recruited from two large cities in the North of Jordan. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect data. ResultsVerbal abuse is highly prevalent among newly hired registered nurses in Jordan 100%, the mean score of exposure to verbal abuse was M = 6.76, and the effect of verbal abuse scale was M = 28.35. The result of person r indicated that there is a significant negative correlation between verbal abuse affect/reactions and registered nurses' intention to stay p = ˂0.01, job commitment p = ˂0.01 and self-esteem p = ˂0.01. Also, the exposure to verbal abuse is negatively correlated with nurse's job commitment, (r = -.203, p = .004). ConclusionVerbal abuse is negatively correlated with nurses’ self-esteem, intent to stay and job commitment. ImplicationsAdministrators and nurse managers should establish educational training programs and workplace safety protocols to protect nurses and to create a safe positive work environment with no tolerance to verbal abuse.

Learning Styles and Their Relationship with Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy among Nursing Students in Qazvin

Background: Learning styles, as individual characteristics, form and evolve as we grow older, which in turn may improve the students' educational outcomes. Identifying factors that contribute to learning styles helps us further to better achieve this goal. Objectives: The present study aimed to, firstly, determine learning styles and, secondly, investigating their relationship with self-esteem and self-efficacy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 nursing students were selected through a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using VARK standard questionnaire, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and Sherer self-efficacy scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS v22 by descriptive and analytical tests. Results: The mean age of participating students was 21.04 ± 3.43 years. Overall, 83.2% of them preferred one learning style. The most common preferred style was "auditory style". Mean scores of self-esteem and self-efficacy were 21.25 ± 5.07 and 62.66 ± 7.31, respectively. No significant relationship was observed between students' self-esteem and self-efficacy with their learning styles (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Determining students’ preferences for learning style is the first step to improve their educational outcomes.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge on Oral Health and Self Esteem among Young Adults in Selected College, in Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India

“A study to assess the knowledge on oral health and self-esteem among young adults in selected college, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India’’. The objectives are to assess the knowledge on oral health among college students and to assess the self-esteem among college students and to correlate the knowledge on oral health and self-esteem among college students and to associate the knowledge on oral health and self-esteem with selected demographic variables among college students. The convenience sampling was used to select 100 young adults. The data collection tools were validated and reliability was established. The data was collected from the students in selected college. The collected data was Tabulated and Analysed. The results revealed that Majority of young adults were female 53% and 43% were males. Majority of young adults were in78% got information through mobile phone 9% were got information through newspaper 8% of young adults got information through television and 5% of young adults get information through health professionals. Present study result shows that Mean score of knowledge was 24.58 and mean score of self-esteem was 28.18. There was statistically mild positive correlation was found between the level of knowledge and the level of self-esteem. There is no statistically significant association between selected demographic variables and the level of found knowledge. There is an statistically significant association found between frequency of brushing and frequent rinsing of mouth and level of self-esteem and there is no statistically significant association found between demographic variables.

The effect of group cognitive-behavioral counseling on optimism and self-esteem of women during the 1st month of marriage that referring to marriage counseling center.

BACKGROUND:Quality of relationship marital status affects all aspects of family functioning, including sustainability of cohabit living, supporting children, and happiness of couples. This study was conducted to examine the effect of group cognitive-behavioral counseling on optimism and self-esteem of women during the 1st month of marriage that referring to marriage counseling center.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A semi-experimental study was designed by a test, posttest, and follow-up. Participants consisted of 30 women admitted to premarriage counseling center of Farsan city in 2018 with using purposive sampling by random numbers’ table into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in eight consecutive 2-h group counseling sessions. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and optimism designed by Mir Ahmadi (reliability and validity are calculated and was 0.96) and completed in three rounds. Women's self-esteem retested was done after 1 month. Data were analyzed with independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA (significance level <0.005). Quantitative variables were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between optimism scores in the experimental (M = 150.47, standard deviation [SD] = 22.07) and control groups (M = 149.2, SD = 21.54) prior to intervention (P = 0.875). The mean optimism score was significantly different in intervention (M = 169.33, SD = 17.01) and control (M = 147.2, SD = 22.22) groups immediately after counseling (P = 0.005) and 1 month after counseling (P = 0.002, M = 171.08, SD = 17.98). The mean self-esteem scores were statistically significant in both groups immediately after counseling (P = 0.023, I: M = 37.06, SD = 8.69, C: M = 31.4, SD = 4.83) and 1 month after counseling (P = 0.028, I: M = 34.73, SD = 4.93, C: M = 30.06, SD = 4.8).CONCLUSION:Cognitive-behavioral counseling enhances women's optimism by emphasizing the training of communication and conflict resolution skills, which leads to positive attitude and life satisfaction. Therefore, using cognitive-behavioral counseling in marriage counseling sessions can improve couples’ relationships.

Impact of Parents' Knowledge about the Development of Self-Esteem in Adolescents and Their Parenting Practice on the Self-Esteem and Suicidal Behavior of Urban High School Students in Nepal.

Background: Suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescents worldwide, self-esteem is a strong protective factor, and parents may be able to provide interventions. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine how parents can help enhance their adolescent’s self-esteem and prevent suicidal behavior among adolescents in Nepal. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to adolescents aged 13–19 years and their parents at eight high schools in three provinces in Nepal (n = 575 pairs). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (bivariate and multivariate regression analyses). Results: The mean self-esteem score of adolescents according to the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was 16.59, and the prevalence of suicidal behavior was 11.3%. Parent’s knowledge about the development of self-esteem in adolescents was significantly positively related to parenting practice (communication, support, positive reinforcement, etc.) (B = 1.0, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.89–1.11) and authoritative parenting style (B = 0.2, 95% CI 0.15–0.25). Parental authoritativeness was positively associated with the self-esteem of their adolescents (B = 0.1, 95% CI 0.01–0.18), while adolescents with authoritarian parents were prone to suicidal risk behavior (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.19). Conclusion: Counseling to parents based on our findings would be helpful to enhance the self-esteem and prevent suicidal risk behavior in their adolescent children.

Real-World Assessment of the Impact of Erectile Dysfunction on Sexual Planning Behavior and Health- and Treatment-Related Outcomes Among Men in 8 Countries.

IntroductionThe effect of erectile dysfunction (ED) on sexual planning behaviors and outcomes in men taking phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) is not well studied.AimsTo assess sexual habits, behaviors, and treatment-related outcomes of PDE5I-treated men with ED.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study recruited men aged 30 to 70 years with mild-to-severe ED from 8 diverse countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, Russia, Turkey, Israel, China, and Japan) to complete an approximately 15-minute survey. Differences were evaluated using bivariate analyses, and data were summarized using descriptive statistics.Main Outcome MeasuresSelf-reported data were collected for demographics, health characteristics, treatment, sexual habits, ED severity, ED-specific quality of life, and treatment satisfaction.ResultsThe survey was completed by 1,575 men. Mean frequency of sexual intercourse was 5.7 times/month. Overall, 87.1% of men always, often, or sometimes planned for sexual activity. Of those planning in advance, 32.8% and 40.6% agreed or strongly agreed that they plan for specific days of the week and times of day, respectively. Sexual planning habits were similar for patients taking short-acting vs long-acting PDE5Is. The most commonly cited reasons for planning sexual activity were needing time to take medication (48.4%), needing to make sure medication has taken effect (43.4%), convenient time for sexual activity (34.9%), and needing the partner’s agreement (33.4%). Mean Self-Esteem and Relationship Questionnaire total score was 56.4.ConclusionsThe differences in ED burden and sexual planning behavior observed across countries were not influenced by the type of PDE5I being taken, suggesting that cultural differences are an important factor when considering types of ED treatment. These findings provide a better understanding of burden, sexual habits, planning behaviors, quality of life, and treatment-related outcomes among PDE5I-treated men with ED in 8 Western and non-Western countries and may aid healthcare providers in selecting optimal treatments.Goldstein I, Giraldi A, Maculaitis MC, Real-World Assessment of the Impact of Erectile Dysfunction on Sexual Planning Behavior and Health- and Treatment-Related Outcomes Among Men in 8 Countries. J Sex Med 2020;8:338–349.

Investigating the Effect of a Structured Discharge Training Program on Patient Outcomes Following Gynecologic Oncology Surgery.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a discharge training program structured according to the Roy adaptation model (RAM) on patient outcomes (quality of life, coping-adaptation, self-esteem) following gynecologic oncology surgery. This nonrandomized intervention studies consisted of two stages. In the first stage, patients were interviewed, patient needs after discharges were determined. Interview data were analyzed, and RAM-based training booklet was prepared. This booklet was prepared in line with a number of themes. In the second stage, the study was conducted with a sample of 36 control and 36 intervention patients, who were included in the discharge training program. Data was collected preoperatively, at 9th and 13th weeks after discharge. The mean quality of life and coping/adaptation scores of the intervention group at 13th weeks were significantly higher than those of the control group, however, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of mean self-esteem scores.

The effect of transactional analysis on the self-esteem of imprisoned women: a clinical trial

BackgroundThe imprisoned women usually have low self-esteem and suffer from various physical and mental complaints; they may suffer from feelings of emptiness, isolation, and depression. Transactional analysis (TA) is part of a comprehensive system attributed to the individual and social psychiatry for personal development of self-esteem among the imprisoned women. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of TA group-training on the self-esteem of imprisoned women.MethodsThis clinical trial was conducted among the imprisoned women in a prison in Southeastern Iran using pretest-posttest design. In this regard, 76 women were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 35) and control (n = 41) groups. The TA group-training program was held for eight 90-min sessions for the intervention group. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale (RSES). Later, all participants were evaluated before and 1 month after the intervention.ResultsIn pre-test, the mean scores of self-esteem were 11.8 ± 4.67 and 7.97 ± 4.52 for the intervention and control groups, respectively. These scores showed low levels of self-esteem and the difference between the two groups was significant (p = 0.001, t = − 3.61). In the post-test, the mean scores of self-esteem improved to the moderate level (22 ± 2.52) in the intervention group compared to the control group (8.92 ± 4.04). This indicates the significant improvement of self-esteem in the intervention group (p = 0.001, t = 17.15).ConclusionsThe results showed that TA group-training had a significant effect on self-esteem. Therefore, the experienced and expert counselors and psychologists are recommended to hold transactional analysis group-training courses to enhance self-esteem among women prisoners.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20170725035289N5 Date registered: 25/08/2018.

Assessment of Self-Esteem and its Correlation with Happiness in Adolescents

Background: Adolescence is critical process allowing individual to leave childhood and enter into autonomous adulthood. Self-esteem has a strong relation to happiness, health and well-being. Although the research has not clearly established causation, we are persuaded that high self-esteem does lead to greater happiness. Low self-esteem is more likely to lead to depression. Most of the research till date was conducted in adult population, very few studies are on adolescents. Objective: Assessment of self-esteem and correlate with psychological well-being in adolescents. Methods: 400 school going adolescents were enrolled and questionnaire regarding self-esteem and happiness score were given, later assessed and correlated. Result: Majority of students (84%) were having moderate self-esteem score; 53.75% had normal happiness score. Mean self-esteem score was increasing with age, girls were having more self-esteem score than boys. Significant positive correlation was observed between self-esteem score and happiness score. Conclusion: Adolescents with high self-esteem are happier than adolescent with low self-esteem. Improvement in self-esteem will be useful to reduce mental health issues in teenagers. How to cite this article:Reddy B, Mane S, Agarkhedkar S. Assessment of Self-Esteem and its Correlation with Happiness in Adolescents. Ind J Youth Adol Health 2019; 6(2): 3-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2349.2880.201907

The effects of the family-centered empowerment model on self-efficacy and self-esteem among the family caregivers of patients with prosthetic heart valve: A controlled clinical trial

Background: Patients with heart valve disease need to receive long-term care from their family members after surgical valve replacement. Thus, family caregivers should have adequate self-efficacy for patient care. Objectives: This study examined the effects of the family-centered empowerment model (FCEM) on self-efficacy and self-esteem among the family caregivers of patients with prosthetic heart valve. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, forty patients together with one of their family caregivers were consecutively recruited and allocated to an intervention or a control group. The FCEM was used in three to five sessions for patients in the intervention group. Besides, we sent their family caregivers educational cards containing the same educations provided to their patients. Finally, an educational session was held for family caregivers in which their questions were answered and each of them was provided with an educational booklet containing the same materials as the educational cards. Patients and their family members in the control group received routine care. Self-efficacy and self-esteem of family caregivers were assessed before, 1 week, and 1.5 months after the intervention. Data analysis was performed through the independent-samples t- test and the repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Before the intervention, the mean scores of self-efficacy in the control and the intervention groups were 26.68 ± 4.79 and 26.79 ± 5.49, whereas the mean scores of self-esteem in these groups were 33.74 ± 4.55 and 33.84 ± 4.72, respectively. None of the between-group differences were significant. After the intervention, the mean scores of self-efficacy and self-esteem in the intervention group were significantly greater than the control group (37.32 ± 2.68 versus. 29.89 ± 2.20 and 36.26 ± 3.66 versus. 29.26 ± 5.84; P

126 Real-World Assessment of the Impact of Erectile Dysfunction on Sexual Planning Behavior and Health- and Treatment-Related Outcomes Among Men in 8 Countries

The effect of erectile dysfunction (ED) on sexual planning behaviors and outcomes in men taking phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) is not well studied. To assess the sexual habits, behaviors, and treatment-related outcomes of men with ED who take PDE5Is. This cross-sectional observational study recruited men aged 30 to 70 years with mild to severe ED from eight diverse countries (United States, United Kingdom, Italy, Russia, Turkey, Israel, China, and Japan) to complete an online survey. All data were self-reported. Data on demographics, health characteristics, treatment, sexual habits, ED severity, ED-specific quality of life, and satisfaction with treatment were collected. Descriptive statistics were reported to summarize patient characteristics and outcomes. A total of 1575 men completed the survey. The mean frequency of sexual intercourse reported was 5.7 times per month. Overall, 87.0% of men always, often, or sometimes planned for sexual activity. Of those who planned in advance, 32.9% and 40.6% agreed or strongly agreed that they plan for specific days of the week and times of day, respectively. Sexual planning habits were similar for patients taking short-acting versus long-acting PDE5Is. The most commonly cited reasons for planning sexual activity were needing time to take medication (48.4%), needing to make sure medication has taken effect (43.4%), convenient time for sexual activity (34.9%), needing agreement from partner (33.4%), and needing time for foreplay (27.6%). The mean Self-Esteem and Relationship Questionnaire total score was 56.4. The primary limitation was that self-reported data could not be independently verified.

Relationship between emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and assertiveness among South Indian youth: A descriptive, cross-sectional study from Karnataka.

Youth involves a lot of mental health issues. A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and assertiveness among 432 youth (18-23 years) from selected colleges of Udupi district, Karnataka using Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and Youth Assertiveness Scale. The mean emotional intelligence among youth was 124.99 ± 18.71, whereas the mean self-esteem and assertiveness scores were 18.48 ± 3.33 and 60.706 ± 7.077, respectively. Linear relationships among the key variables were assessed using the Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient. Self-esteem and assertiveness showed a weak positive relationship (r = 0.282 and 0.288, P = 0.001 respectively) with emotional intelligence, whereas the relationship between self-esteem and assertiveness also revealed a positive relationship (r = 0.367, P = 0.001). The significant correlation between these variables indicates a need for regular assessment among the youth. Rising self-esteem and training in assertiveness help the individual to use his emotions wisely and improve emotional intelligence.

Self-esteem assessment of young female university students according to race/skin color criteria.

Objective:to evaluate and compare the self-esteem of young female university students aged between 18 and 24 years old according to race/skin color criteria.Method:a cross-sectional and quantitative study, developed with 240 undergraduate female students from a public Brazilian university. Data collection took place online through a structured questionnaire that included the participants’ sociodemographic and lifestyle habits, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, association test, and comparison of means were used.Results:most of the young women had a mean level of self-esteem. No statistically significant association was found among the “self-esteem level” and “self-reported skin color or race” variables.Conclusion:although no significant association was identified between self-reported skin color or race and level of self-esteem, young black women have lower mean self-esteem scores than young non-black women. Strategies that strengthen the self-esteem of young female university students are necessary to prevent harms to their physical and mental health, and, consequently, to their academic performance.

Impact of Nurse-Led Assertiveness Tutelage on Raising Self-esteem among Adolescent Girls

Background: Adolescence is a transition period where they are confused about what they need and experience dissatisfaction toward bodily changes, especially female adolescent girls. Self-esteem is evaluated by how one feels about one's self-concept. Low self-esteem constitutes negative outcomes such as hopelessness, uselessness, depression, and adjustment problems. Vulnerability stress model suggests that low self-esteem leads to depression. Self-esteem is acquired by undergoing specific training, such as “Assertiveness Tutelage” which fosters communication skill, assertive behavior, and assertiveness in raising self-esteem. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse lead assertiveness tutelage among adolescent girls. Methodology: Quantitative approach and quasi-experimental design was adopted. By nonprobability purposive sampling, 60 adolescent girls were included in the study from a selected school in Chennai. The level of self-esteem was measured by the State Self-Esteem Scale. After collecting the pretest data from experimental and control groups, assertiveness tutelage intervention was provided to the experimental group at 1st week, reinforced for the next 2 weeks, and posttest was collected at the end of 4th week from both the groups. Data Analysis: SPSS software was used for the data analysis. Results: In the experimental group at pretest level, the mean self-esteem score of adolescent girls was 60.40 and at posttest level, it was 83.47. This mean difference in gain of self-esteem was 23.07 which was statistically significant, with t = 10.40 (P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study has proven that nurse-led assertiveness tutelage raised the self-esteem among adolescent girls and strengthened their ability and helps them to develop coping and problem-solving skills, etc.

Rediscovering empowerment with breastfeeding in an urban First Nation\u2019s population

BackgroundAn inner-city neighbourhood of Regina, Saskatchewan continues to have recurring issues of drug and alcohol use affecting parents’ caregiving opportunity. In relation to this, many children, mostly of First Nations descent, are raised in out-of-home care away from their families. With the promotion of breastfeeding, in a neighbourhood prenatal/postnatal support program, breastfeeding rates have doubled and mothers’ participation in their children’s care has increased. Recognition and promotion of cultural beliefs about breastfeeding is integral to raise community awareness of the practice. To bring additional support for breastfeeding, the empowerment effects observed were measured.MethodsUsing a longitudinal study design, indicators of empowerment were assessed prenatally and again at two months postpartum. Indicators included self-esteem, caregiving activities, and drug and alcohol use. Outcomes of assessments were correlated to infant feeding practices and findings compared.ResultsFindings supported a statistically significant improvement for empowerment scores when mothers breastfed. Mean scores for self-esteem increased from 2.87 to 3.57 (r = .90, p = <.001); for caregiving, scores increased from 2.60 to 3.16 (r = .91, p = <.001); and for drug and alcohol use, scores decreased from 59 to 9% (p = <.001).ConclusionsThe study brings attention to the value of breastfeeding for caregiving in situations of addiction and limited resources. Practitioner reflexivity in regards to their support for breastfeeding is critical and includes openness to alternate breastfeeding situations and beliefs. The study found that a positive outlook on breastfeeding is the first step for a practitioner-client relationship that fosters confidence for marginalized populations.Significance statementAccording to research, less breastfeeding occurs when mothers are marginalized. In turn, as marginalization increases, a mother’s self-esteem regarding her ability to adequately care for her child decreases. Healthcare professionals tend to be less likely to support a decision to breastfeed if there is concern about the mother’s resources and lifestyles. This research brings new attention to the importance of breastfeeding in disadvantaged situations related to an empowerment effect of breastfeeding for caregiving which includes cessation of drug and alcohol use. This effect has not previously been measured.

Impact of Ilizarov Fixation Technique on the Limb Functionality and Self-esteem of Patients with Unilateral Tibial Fractures.

IntroductionTibial fractures with nonunion are frequently managed with Ilizarov external fixation. Living with an external frame has some psychological impact which is readily neglected from the literature. We conducted a study to evaluate the status of limb functionality in patients managed with the Ilizarov external ring fixator technique and assess their self-esteem while living with the frame.Materials and methodsThis is a prospective observational study conducted in the Orthopedic Department of Dr. Ruth KM Phau Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from June 2018 to June 2019. A total of 26 patients consecutively managed with Ilizarov external fixation for infected nonunion, with unilateral tibial fractures, were included. To assess the postoperative functionality status, lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) was used. To assess and evaluate the impact of the external frame application on the self-esteem of these patients, Rosenberg's self-esteem (RSE) scale was used. For each patient, LEFS and RSE scales were administered at the time of hospital discharge, after six months of frame application, and at the time of removal of the frame.ResultsThe mean duration of hospital stay was 4.11 ± 1.23 weeks. The mean LEFS scores increased by 47% from hospital discharge until the time of frame removal. The differences were highly significant (p < 0.001). There was a 12% decline in the mean score of self-esteem from the time of discharge till the time of removal of the Ilizarov frame and these differences were highly significant (p < 0.001).ConclusionIlizarov technique improves the limb functionality status significantly in participants with a unilateral tibial fracture. However, it also reduces their self-esteem during the period of frame application. Psychological support is recommended for participants living with an external fixation frame to protect their self-esteem.