Mean Score Of Students Research Articles

Measurement of Humanity Among Health Professionals: Development and Validation of the Medical Humanity Scale Using the Delphi Method.

Despite the importance of humanism in providing health care, there is a lack of valid and reliable tool for assessing humanity among health professionals. The aim of this study was to design a new humanism scale and to assess the validity of this scale in measuring humanism among Syrian health professional students. The Medical Humanity Scale (MHS) was designed. It consists of 27 items categorized into 7 human values including patient-oriented care, respect, empathy, ethics, altruism, and compassion. The scale was tested for internal consistency and reliability using Cronbach α and test-retest methods. The construct validity of the scale was also tested to assess the ability of the scale in differentiating between groups of health professional students with different levels of medical humanity. A 7-point Likert scale was adopted. The study included 300 participants including 97 medical, 78 dental, 82 pharmacy, and 43 preparatory-year students from Syrian universities. The Delphi method was used and factors analysis was performed. Bartlett test of sphericity and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sample adequacy were used. The number of components was extracted using principal component analysis. The mean score of the MHS was 158.7 (SD 11.4). The MHS mean score of female participants was significantly higher than the mean score of male participants (159.59, SD 10.21 vs 155.48, SD 14.35; P=.008). The MHS mean score was significantly lower in dental students (154.12, SD 1.45; P=.005) than the mean scores of medical students (159.77, SD 1.02), pharmacy students (161.40, SD 1.05), and preparatory-year students (159.05, SD 1.94). However, no significant relationship was found between humanism and academic year (P=.32), university type (P=.34), marital status (P=.64), or financial situation (P=.16). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (0.730) and Bartlett test of sphericity (1201.611, df=351; P=.01) were performed. Factor analysis indicated that the proportion of variables between the first and second factors was greater than 10%, confirming that the scale was a single group. The Cronbach α for the overall scale was 0.735, indicating that the scale had acceptable reliability and validity. The results of this study suggest that the MHS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring humanity among health professional students and the development of patient-centered care.

Effects of I-Do-We-Do-You-Do Instructional Strategy on The Academic Performance of Students in Physics Practical in Ondo State, Nigeria

Teaching is an essential tool to bring about desired learning outcomes from the learners, so the need to package it with essentials is imperative. However, many researchers have contributed to different innovative and interactive teaching strategies that are effective to enhance the performance of students in science. It was from this perspective that this study sought to investigate the effects of I-Do-We-Do-You-Do Instructional Strategy (IWYIS) and Conventional Instructional Strategy (CIS) on the academic performance and retention of secondary school students in Physics practical in Ondo state, Nigeria. The study further sought to clarify gender differences on physics students’ retention. This was a view to ascertain the effect of (IWYIS). The study adopted the pretest posttest non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental research design. The population for the study comprised of Physics students in Ondo State, Nigeria. The sample for the study was fifty-five SSS 2 physics students drawn through multi-stage sampling procedure from four public secondary schools in the state. A self-developed Practical Physics Test (PPT)) was validated by three experts and used for the study. The reliability of the instrument was established using Kuder-Richardson 21 which yielded a reliability index of 0.85. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and independent sample t-test. The findings of the study showed that there were significant differences between the effect of IWYIS and CIS on the academic performance and retention of senior secondary school students in Physics practical at [F (1, 52) =19.07, p=0.000,] and [F (1, 52) =5.423, p=0.024,]respectively . IWYIS had more effect on the performance and retention of the students in Physics practical than the CIS. The findings further showed no significant difference in the mean score of male and female students in the Physics retention ability when exposed to I-Do-We-Do-You-Do Instructional Strategy. Based on the findings, recommendations made which included among others, I-Do-We-Do-You-Do Instructional Strategy, being gender friendly, should be used in the teaching of Physics, in Nigerian secondary schools. Keywords: Effects, I-Do-We-Do-You-Do Instructional Strategy, Academic Performance, Students, Physics Practical DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-15-09 Publication date: May 31 st 2023

Peer Review Technique in Teaching EFL Writing Skills for Senior High School Students

This research aims to determine how peer review improves writing skills for the tenth grade of SMA 13 Luwu Timur. It was applied before the experimental study, focusing on one group pretest and post-test design. The population in this research was the tenth grade of SMA 13 Luwu Timur. The research instrument used was a writing test (pretest and post-test). The data is analyzed by descriptive statistics and calculated using SPSS 22. The data analyzed by calculating the mean score and paired sample t-test revealed that the mean score of students in the post-test (55.08) was higher than the pretest (49.15). The t-count (3,118) is more significant than the t-table (2.179). This shows that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. It can be said that using peer review in learning can be recommended to improve students' writing skills.

Effectiveness of media Instagram towards the students' vocabulary mastery

This research aims to see whether the mean score of XI students of SMA Negeri 3 Bireuen who taught using Instagram media to master vocabulary in writing recount texts got a higher score than the mean score of students who used conventional methods. The methodology of this research was a quasi-experimental (nonequivalent control group) design. The instrument used in this research was an achievement test. The data was analyzed quantitatively using the SPSS Statistics Output, such as Normality Test, homogeny test, and Independent-Sample T-test. Using Instagram as media for the student's vocabulary mastery in writing recount text is effective. It can be seen from the average score of the control and experimental classes, where the average value of the control class is 47.65 while the average value of the experimental class is 77.94. That way, there is a difference between the two classes, where the experimental class taught using Instagram has a higher value than the control class taught using the convection method. From the data analysis, the result of the Independent Sample T-test is 0.000 < 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a difference in the average student learning outcomes between the learning model that uses Instagram media and the conventional learning model. Thus, the research alternative hypotheses (Ha) are accepted, and the null hypotheses (Ho) are rejected. Then, the effectiveness of the media Instagram towards the students' vocabulary mastery in writing recount text is effective.

The Use of Youtube Media as Media to Improve Writing Skills on Greeting Card to Eighth Grade Student of SMP Negeri 6 Tabanan

This research is aimed at improving students’ writing skills on greeting card by using YouTube media. The subject of this research was the eighth-grade students of SMP N 6 Tabanan in the academic year 2022/2023 consisting of 32 students. This research was conducted by using the Classroom Action Research conducted in two cycles involved Cycle I and Cycle II. Each cycle consisted of planning, action, observation and reflection. The data were collected by using observation, documentation and test. The data were analysed by using qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The procedure of this research was used pre-test and post-test. The result indicated that the mean scores of students on the writing skills in the pre-test was 57.18 and the percentage of students passed the minimum completeness criteria was 21.87%. In the post-test I, the mean scores of students was 67.81 and the percentage of students passed the minimum completeness criteria was 53.12%. The mean score of students was 76.25 and the percentage of students passed the minimum completeness criteria was 78.12% in post-test II. Based on the result above, the use YouTube media is able to enhance students writing skill on greeting card. The use of YouTube media are also able to students stimulate motivation and enthusiasm in English class, especially in writing.

Attitude and influencing factors to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among university students in Sichuan Province, China: A cross-sectional study.

To explore the university students' attitude and the potential influencing factors to receive the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in Sichuan Province, China. A cross-sectional study. The self-designed questionnaire was distributed among university students online in June 2021. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, two independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate linear regression, and content analysis were performed. A total of 397 questionnaires were analysed, involving 316 (79.6%) respondents have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine and 81 (20.4%) have not taken the vaccine. The total mean score of university students' vaccination attitude was 25.97 (standard deviation [SD] = 3.720), and the total scoring rate was 74.2%. Main factors influencing students' attitude included education level, major, living style, with chronic disease or not, self-reported vaccination status, and number of medical units that can provide vaccination within 3 km of residence. Students were more willing to choose Chinese-manufactured vaccines (66.8%) and participate in collective vaccination programs organized by the school (71.3%). The desired vaccine protection period was 5-10 years (42.1%). The top three reasons for refusing the vaccine or vaccine hesitancy were as follows: concern about the side effects of vaccine (44.8%), lack of information about vaccine (31.0%), and concern about the efficacy of vaccine (29.3%). In general, most of the participants had relatively high level of positive attitude to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Nevertheless, more attention should be paid to postgraduate students, non-medical students, those living alone, those with chronic disease, those have not received the COVID-19 vaccine, and those living far away from the vaccination medical units. Findings of this study can help educational institutions in developing effective interventions to improve the vaccination rate in the university student population.

Comparative Study of Traditional Face-to-Face and E-Learning Modes of Teaching Senior High School Geometry

This study compared the traditional face-to-face and e-learning modes of teaching Senior High School geometry and students’ geometry performance. The study used a quantitative strategy which adopted a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test non- equivalent control groups. Pre-test, post-test and retention test were used for the data collection. A total number of 52 second-year Senior High School students from two public schools in the Suame Municipality of the Ashanti Region of Ghana participated in the study. Students’ Geometry Achievement Test (SGAT) was used as pre-test, post-test and retention test instruments. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and a t-test tested at a 0.05 significance level. The findings of the study revealed no significant difference in the post-test mean scores of students taught face-to-face and those taught using the e-learning mode even though there was a significant improvement in the performance of students after the intervention. Again, there was no significant difference in the retention test mean scores of the students taught using the face-to-face mode and those taught using the e-learning mode. The study, therefore, recommended that; policy makers in general, and mathematics curriculum developers in particular, plan and implement electronic learning modules to facilitate and enhance the teaching and learning of mathematics. It was again recommended that teachers take advantage of the new technology-driven world to blend the traditional face-to-face and e-learning modes of teaching to facilitate and enhance the teaching and learning of mathematics.

Comparative Study of Traditional Face-to-Face and E-Learning Modes of Teaching Senior High School Geometry

This study compared the traditional face-to-face and e-learning modes of teaching Senior High School geometry and students’ geometry performance. The study used a quantitative strategy which adopted a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test non- equivalent control groups. Pre-test, post-test and retention test were used for the data collection. A total number of 52 second-year Senior High School students from two public schools in the Suame Municipality of the Ashanti Region of Ghana participated in the study. Students’ Geometry Achievement Test (SGAT) was used as pre-test, post-test and retention test instruments. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and a t-test tested at a 0.05 significance level. The findings of the study revealed no significant difference in the post-test mean scores of students taught face-to-face and those taught using the e-learning mode even though there was a significant improvement in the performance of students after the intervention. Again, there was no significant difference in the retention test mean scores of the students taught using the face-to-face mode and those taught using the e-learning mode. The study, therefore, recommended that; policy makers in general, and mathematics curriculum developers in particular, plan and implement electronic learning modules to facilitate and enhance the teaching and learning of mathematics. It was again recommended that teachers take advantage of the new technology-driven world to blend the traditional face-to-face and e-learning modes of teaching to facilitate and enhance the teaching and learning of mathematics.

Peningkatan Epistemic Curiosity dan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Kelas 7 berbantuan Video Etnomatematika

This research aims to determine the improvement of epistemic curiosity and mathematical problem-solving abilities among 7th grade students based on epistemic curiosity assisted by ethnomathematics videos. This study applied classroom action research by using 2 cycles with 4 stages in each cycle. Data collection techniques implemented in this study were test techniques, questionnaires and observation with quantitative and qualitative analyses. The results of this study obtained that: (1) 90,6% of the students completed the problem-solving test (2) problem solving test mean score of students in cycle 2 was 78.31, (3) the proportion of students’ completeness test increased to 90.6%, (4) the mean value of students’ problem-solving score increased significantly to 78.31% and (5) there was a significant increase in epistemic curiosity at the end of cycle 2. Thus, it can be concluded that the lesson taught so far during the study has an impact on increasing students' mathematical problem-solving abilities.

The Effect of the Five-Year Strategy (E5) on the Acquisition of Literary Concepts Among Fourth-Grade Middle School Students by Creating their Imaginative Thinking

The purpose of this current study is to determine the impact of the five dimensions (E5) on the acquisition of literary concepts among the fourth-grade preparatory students by stimulating their imaginative thinking. Its sample consisted of (44) students, with (22) students from group (A), the experimental group and (22) students from group (B), the control group of Al-Mughirah Preparatory School for Boys. The researcher prepared a test consisting of (30) paragraphs distributed according to the acquisition of literary concepts. Each skill consists of (5) paragraphs, and each paragraph consists of three multi-choice alternatives. The researcher also prepared a scale for imaginative thinking consisting of (20) paragraphs distributed according to the imaginative thinking skills of (3) skills, and each skill distributed into (4) paragraphs, and the scale is one of the following alternatives, the student has imaginative thinking to a degree (very large, large, medium, and a few). The researcher used statistical methods such as the t-test for two independent samples, chi-square, and the (Spss) for statistical review, and he reached: 1- There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group students and the mean scores of the control group students in acquiring literary concepts in favor of the experimental group. 2- There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group students and the mean scores of the control group students in the imaginative thinking test in favor of the experimental group. There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students in the pre and post-tests of the imaginative thinking in favor of the post test.

The effect of using smart e-learning app on the academic achievement of eighth-grade students

The purpose of this study is to determine whether smart applications can help students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) acquire higher levels of proficiency in scientific ideas. To do this, 120 eighth-graders (the last year of the second cycle) from schools in UAE city of Al Ain participated in a quasi-experimental study. These students were divided into two equal groups at random: a test group that studied with the aid of technology, and a control group that learned through the conventional classroom technique. A test on scientific concepts and intelligent applications based on the educational program served as study aids. The findings of the scientific-concept accomplishment test revealed statistically significant differences between the mean scores for the two groups, favoring the experimental group. As a result of the type of smart application used, particularly Alef platform in comparison to the Boclips and Connect platforms, the results also showed statistically significant differences between the mean scores for the experimental group students’ achievement level regarding scientific concepts. The researcher advises incorporating smart applications into the educational process in light of these findings, particularly when instructing scientific topics.

Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Yaşlılara Yönelik Tutumları: Pozitif ve Negatif Yaşlı Ayrımcılığı

Bu araştırma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yaşlılara ilişkin pozitif ve negatif tutumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Araştırma tanımlayıcı tipte tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma, Türkiye’de bir devlet üniversitenin hemşirelik programına kayıtlı olan öğrenciler ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan ve formları eksiksiz şekilde dolduran öğrenciler (n=331) araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Veriler 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz yarıyılında toplanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, “Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu” ve “Pozitif ve Negatif Yaşlı Ayrımcılığı Ölçeği (PNYAÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yaş ortalaması 20,34±1,45 (en az: 18, en fazla: 26) dir. Öğrencilerin %75,5’i klinik uygulamada yaşlı hastalara bakım verdiğini ve %40,8’i en sık yaptığı uygulama olarak yaşam bulgularını ölçtüğünü belirtmiştir. Öğrencilerin %51,7’si mezuniyet sonrası yaşlı bireylerle çalışmak istediğini belirtmiş ve %36,6’sı yaşlılığı bağımlı ve bakıma ihtiyaç duyan birey olarak tanımlamıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin PNYAÖ alt boyut puan ortalamaları incelendiğinde pozitif yaşlı ayrımcılığı alt boyutu için 45,99±5,72 ve negatif yaşlı ayrımcılığı alt boyutu için 38,64±5,81’dir. Çalışmamızda 4.sınıf öğrencilerinin pozitif yaşlı ayrımcılığı alt boyut puan ortalaması diğer sınıf düzeylerine göre anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre ve geniş aile yapısına sahip öğrencilerin çekirdek ailesi olanlara göre yaşlılar ile ilgili tutumlarının daha olumlu olduğu ve pozitif yaşlı ayrımcılığı alt boyut puan ortalamasının anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, öğrencilerin yaşlıya yönelik pozitif tutum içerisinde olduklarını göstermektedir. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yaşlılara yönelik pozitif tutumlarının artırılması için gerontoloji ve geriatri hemşireliği derslerinin lisans eğitimi boyunca verilmesine olanak sağlanmalıdır.

PERCEPTIONS OF LEARNERS AND EDUCATORS ON THE IMPACT OF USING INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES IN HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY TEACHING

In the interest of investigating the implications about using educational materials in teaching and learning chemistry in Bayelsa State secondary schools from the viewpoints of both students and instructors, this study used an ex-post-facto research approach. Two hypotheses were investigated, and four research questions were addressed. A sample of 123 respondents from all 43 secondary schools in the Central Senatorial District that offer chemistry instruction was polled. A three-part survey was utilized for collecting the data, and the findings indicated that there was little utilization of teaching aids during chemistry lectures. The utilization of instructional materials in class, according to the students, helped them learn chemistry in a variety of ways.The mean scores of students who studied chemistry using instructional resources as opposed to those who did not differed significantly as well. The studys conclusion included a suggestion that the Bayelsa State government supply sufficient instructional resources in all secondary schools for effective chemistry teaching and learning.

Ethical Awareness among Undergraduate Nursing Students of Khyber Pukhtankhwa

Aim: To identify the academic ethical awareness among the undergraduate nursing students of Khyber Pukhtankhwa Pakistan. Methodology: The study was conducted in October – November 2022 in Nursing Institutes of Khyber Pukhtankhwa while using descriptive cross-sectional design through purposive sampling technique. The data was collected through valid and reliable questionnaire having chronbach of 0.95. Data was analyzed through Microsoft excel and SPSS 20 after ethical approved by institutional review board. Results: The ethical awareness mean score of male students were 2.4±0.91 higher than female students 2.01±0.76. Furthermore the mean score of 7th semester students were higher 2.7±0.91 than other semester students. The overall means score regarding ethical awareness among nursing students was 2.32±0.89. Conclusion: Study concludes that the level of awareness improves with advancement to next semesters and is significantly associated with gender, age and semester. Implications: The findings will help the nursing educators to assess the current ethical practices of undergraduate nursing students and to improve further the academic and clinical ethical practices among nursing students. Keywords: Undergraduate nursing students, academic ethics, ethical practices

Emotional intelligence is more important than the learning environment in improving critical thinking

Purpose To examine the association of critical thinking (CT) and emotional intelligence (EI) versus CT and learning environment (LE) in order to investigate which has the greatest influence EI or LE. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 340 s-year healthcare university students in two nursing and one medical schools from three universities in Greece, between October and December 2020. Critical Thinking Disposition Scale, Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure, and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form were administered. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, with five steps, was used to compare the associations of CT and EI to CT and LE. Results Participants’ mean age (years) was 20.9 (6.6 SD); 82.6% female; 86.8% studying nursing. Students mean scores were moderate to high for CT disposition (44.7 ± 4.68). The general characteristics (age, gender, and school) were not significantly associated with CT (p > 0.05). However, CT was positively associated with LE (UCB = 0.064 & p < 0.001) and EI (UCB = 1.522 & p < 0.001). Moreover, CT seems to be associated in a higher degree (R2 change adj = 0.036 & p < 0.001) with emotional intelligence (UCB = 1.522) than with learning environment (UCB = 0.064). Conclusions Our findings suggest a different more optimal pathway for educators to improve the CT of their students through EI and not with LE as believed till now. By focusing on improving EI, educators may help their students become critical thinkers, who will provide better quality of care.

Measuring the Creative Writing Skills of EFL University Students

Creative writing is the expression of ideas and thoughts in a manner that is unique to the author. The aims of the study are: determine the level of fourth-year students' creative writing abilities in the Department of English, Colleges of Education, and determine whether "there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of students from the College of Education for Women and the College of Education for Humanities". The hypothesis of this study are: there are no "statistically significant differences in the average creative writing grades of university students studying English as a foreign language", and there is a statistically "significant association between the average grades of fourth-year students in the Department of English at the College of Education for Humanities and the College of Education for Women" in terms of their creative writing abilities. The sample of the study is the students of the fourth stage in the Department of English. The research’s tool is a diagnostic test to measure students’ creative writing. The researcher concludes that creative writing involves adding one's own "style" to writing and beyond the usual bounds of academic or other technical types of literature. Creative writing is an expression of one's unique views, the emotions it evokes, and the heightened sensitivity one develops from exposure to human events. Creative writing involves creativity rather than copying, and originality rather than repetition. It depends on the availability of each individual's specific capabilities, prior experiences, and language skills.

Career Choice and Academic Programme among Senior High School Students in the Ashanti Mampong Municipality, Ghana

The study examined career choice and academic programmes among senior high school students in the Ashanti Mampong Municipality. The study was guided by three research questions and three hypotheses. The study used the descriptive cross-sectional survey design with a quantitative approach. Multi-stage sampling procedures (purposive, proportionate, and simple random sampling) were used to select a sample of 336 respondents for the study. The instrument used to gather data was the questionnaire. The data was analysed using means and standard deviation while hypotheses were tested using an independent sample t-test. Results revealed that environmental factors, institutional factors, and personal characteristics influenced students' career choices and academic programmes. The study revealed that there was no significant difference in the perception of male and female students regarding the environmental factors that influenced their selection of career choice and academic programme. The study further revealed gender differences in institutional factors when making decisions about their career choice and academic programme. The study again revealed no gender difference in the mean score of students’ perception regarding their personal characteristics that influenced their choice of career and academic programme. Based on these findings, it was recommended that educators and school counsellors should focus on parents’ socio-economic status when counselling students on career choice and academic programmes.

SOKONGAN SOSIAL DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR KAUNSELING DI MALAYSIA

The purpose of this research is to look into the level of social support among counselling students at seven Malaysian public universities (N = 299). The findings of the study show that the mean score of counseling students' social support is high which is 5.34 (SP = 1.41). Social support from the family aspect shows a higher score compared to the aspect of friends and the aspect of significant people. The statement most agreed by the participants in the aspect of social support is item 3 "My family really tries to help me," agreed by 41.8% of the participants. While the second most agreed upon statement is two, item 4 "I get the emotional help and support I need from my family," and item 11 "My family is ready to help me in making decisions," marked by 35.1% of the participants. This shows support from family is the main social support for counseling students in Malaysia. Social support from family members is a source that always provides help during a crisis. As for the difference in social support between genders, the findings of the study show that there is no significant difference in social support between genders t(297 )= 2.42, p&gt;.05. This finding shows that both genders are equal in social support. The findings of this study are expected to help the parties concerned such as educational policy makers or the higher learning institutions to prepare appropriate programs to establish social support relationships especially in terms of family. This is because this study shows that the family aspect is the most important aspect in the social support of students.

Case-Based Learning on Concept Mastery and Students' Thinking Ability in the Field of Nutrition and Health

The nutrition and health lectures show that students can optimally develop higher-order thinking skills. The learning process with the strategies and methods used has yet to be able to maximize the student learning process to be able to develop high-level thinking skills. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of case-based learning on students' mastery of concepts and thinking skills in the field of nutrition and adolescent health. This type of research is quantitative. The research subjects were 6th-semester students who programmed the Nutrition and Health Course with 24 people. The research design is one short case study. Methods of data collection using observation and tests. The research instruments used were tests and questionnaires to determine student responses. The results showed that the mean score of students' mastery of concepts about nutrition and health was 86.13, which was classified as very good, while students' thinking skills were obtained at 86.08, which was classified as very good. The student response to the case-based learning was very good, scoring 87.33. The effectiveness of case-based learning is determined based on the effectiveness index obtained by 100%. It was concluded that concept mastery, thinking skills, and student responses were in the very good category, and the effectiveness of case-based learning in adolescent nutrition health studies was also very good.

Evaluation of dental anxiety in school going children using modified dental anxiety scale and facial image scale

Background: Dental anxiety refers to patient’s response toward stresses associated with dental procedures. It can present problem for both dentist and patient, particularly in paediatric dentistry. Hence, it is important to identify anxious patients for improved patient management and development of better treatment strategies. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of dental anxiety in schoolchildren using Modified Dental Anxiety Nepali version (MDAS-N) and Facial Image Scale (FIS). Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in 401 schoolchildren (11.34 ± 1.85 years) using convenience sampling method from 2022 June to 2022 August after ethical approval was obtained from Nepal Medical College. The dental anxiety was assessed by questionnaire provided in MDAS-N and FIS. Independent t-test was done in SPSS v.20.0 to analyse the data. Results: The data have shown that 375 (93.52%) had dental anxiety (mean MDAS-N = 11.83 ± 3.59) with low and moderate anxiety in 153 (38.15%) and 140 (34.92%) respectively. Seventy (36.08%) females presented with moderate anxiety and 92 (44.44%) males had low anxiety. The mean score difference was statistically significant (p-value &lt;0.001) between the genders. Statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.023) was found between FIS mean score of primary and middle school level students. Injection and drilling the tooth were the procedures with high anxiety score in both scales. There was a moderate positive correlation between MDAS-N and FIS (r = 0.574). Conclusion: Assessing dental anxiety and factors provoking fear and anxiety in dental clinic is useful, as behaviour management can be applied accordingly for child patients.