Mean Self-esteem Scores Research Articles

Effect of Social Competence Program on Self-esteem and Assertiveness among Schizophrenic Patients

Background: Patient with schizophrenia usually has lack of social skills and has an inability to communicate effectively with people, so that social competence program is needed for schizophrenic patients to improve their self-esteem and assertiveness skills .This study aimed to assess the effect of social competence program on self-esteem and assertiveness among schizophrenic patients Quasi experimental research design was utilized in this study .The study sample included 100 patients ,The study included four tools (I) structured Interview questionnaire to assess sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, tool (II) Rosenberg Self – Esteem Scale to assess level of self-esteem tool (III) Rathus Assertiveness Schedule to assess level of assertive behavior and tool (IV) Brief psychiatric rating scale to assess psychiatric symptoms. The result demonstrated that there were an improvement in total mean scores of self-esteem, assertiveness and psychiatric symptoms in post implementation as compared to its pre program implementation and follow up program implementation. Also the study showed that there, was statistically significant negative correlation between self-esteem and assertiveness among Schizophrenic Patients. It was concluded that there was highly statistically significant different in self-esteem, assertiveness and psychiatric symptoms after implementation of the program and in follow up assessment. The study recommended that collaboration between all health team members to develop specific goals for behavior modification, improving assertiveness and increasing patient's socialization.

Investigating the Life Skills and Self-Esteem in Teenage Girls in Birjand, Iran

Background Life skills are the strategies that enable people to live a successful life in different environments. Life skills training promotes self-esteem. Self-esteem, as one of the most fundamental factors in the optimal growth of personality in teenagers, is a crucial factor. Considering the role of life skills in gaining self-esteem, we aimed to study the status of life skills and self-esteem as well as the association between life skills and self-esteem among Iranian teenage girls. Materials and Methods This correlational cross-sectional study was conducted on 364 teenage girls in the age range of 12-14 years in Birjand city, 2018. The data were collected using a three-part questionnaire; baseline characteristics, Life Skills questionnaire, and Rosenberg Self-esteem Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0. Results The highest mean score of life skills was related to the interpersonal relationships dimension (15.07 ± 2.99); whereas, the lowest mean score was related to the problem-solving dimension (12.09 ± 3.53). The total mean score of life skills was 138.23 ± 26.80 and the mean score of self-esteem was 4.98 ± 4.41. There was a significant association between life skills and self-esteem (p<0.05). Conclusion According to the significant association between life skills and self-esteem, we can improve adolescents' self-esteem by conducting appropriate educational courses about life skills.

Relationship of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy with Self-Esteem and General Health in Breastfeeding Mothers Referred to Health Centers of Falavarjan City-Iran, 2015.

This study aimed to examine the relationship of breastfeeding self-efficacy with self-esteem and general health. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 547 breastfeeding mothers in Falavarjan-Iran. Participants were selected randomly, and questionnaires of socio-demographic characteristics, breastfeeding self-efficacy, self esteem, and the GHQ-28 were completed through interview. The mean score (SD) of breastfeeding self-efficacy was 134.5 (13.3) from the score range of 33-165. The mean score of self-esteem was 5.89 (4.0) from - 10 to + 10 score range, and the mean score of general health was 19.7 (9.13) from the 0-84 score range. Self-esteem, general health and its dimensions showed a significant relationship with breastfeeding self-efficacy. According to the multivariate linear regression, physical symptoms, social dysfunction, age, education, spouse's job, economic status, duration of previous breastfeeding, and receiving breastfeeding education were related to breastfeeding self-efficacy. The results indicated that with an improvement in self-esteem and general health, breastfeeding self-efficacy escalates significantly.

Low Self-esteem and its Relation with Psychological Distress among Dental Students

Since self-esteem has been recognized to predict health and psychological well-being, it is crucial to assess the self-esteem and its relation with psychological distress. Methodology: This study was conducted among 257 dental students. The psychological distress was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) while self-esteem was assessed using the adult form of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Results: Female students had significantly lower self-esteem compared to male students (51.4 and 59.1 respectively). There is a strong negative correlation between psychological distress and self-esteem (r= -0.5, p&lt;0.00). Students with psychological distress had significantly lower mean self-esteem score compared to those who are not distressed (43.07 and 60.03 respectively). Conclusion: Low self-esteem is higher among female students and self-esteem is negatively correlated to psychological distress among undergraduate students.

The Relationship Between Self-Esteem, Emotional Intelligence, and Empathy Among Students From Six Health Professional Programs

Theory: Psychosocial skills such as communication, empathy, and emotional intelligence are now considered key attributes of health professionals. Self-esteem is another important construct that is less well studied. Self-esteem is important because low levels have been linked to depression, suicide, and eating disorders. Given that health professional students experience high levels of stress and are at increased risk for similar psychopathology, self-esteem may be an important variable in student well-being and performance after graduation. Hypotheses: This study sought to explore self-esteem during students’ 1st year of training hypothesizing that several would demonstrate low self-esteem. It is also hypothesized that emotional intelligence and empathy would be associated with self-esteem. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and data were gathered from dental, medical, nursing, optometry, pharmacy and veterinary students. Self-report questionnaires assessing self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and empathy were completed and demographic information was collected. Scores were calculated and differences between groups analyzed with analysis of variance and chi-square testing. Pearson’s correlation was used to assess associations between the constructs. Results: The mean self-esteem score was 26.2 ± 2.3 but 21% of the sample evidenced low self-esteem. There was no difference in the proportion of students demonstrating low self-esteem among programs. Gender did not have a significant effect on self-esteem scores, though ethnicity did. Emotional intelligence scores were higher among male individuals than among female. Emotional intelligence and empathy showed a small association with self-esteem. Conclusions: A significant proportion of health professional students suffer from low self-esteem during their 1st year of study. Such students may be more susceptible to the stresses associated with study and the development of psychopathology. More research needs to be conducted to explore the relationships between self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and empathy with a view to strengthening training in these areas and managing the challenges faced by health professional students.

The Effects of Multimedia-Based Puberty Health Education on Male Students’ Self-Esteem in the Middle School

ABSTRACTBackground: Adolescents, as a large group of the world population, face many physical and psychological changes in their puberty period. They struggle with adjusting to the intensive changes that can lead to the development of low self-esteem. This study was conducted to determine the effect of multimedia-based puberty health education on male students’ self-esteem in the middle school. Methods: It is a quasi-experimental study by using multi-stage sampling method which was done on 118 boys from two middle schools in Ilam (an Iranian city) from November 2017 to April 2018. Students were divided into two intervention (N=58) and control (N=60) groups. Then, the intervention group students were trained using a multimedia application. Data were gathered using a demographic questionnaire and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale completed by students in three phases including before, immediately after, and three months after the end of the educational program. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, post hoc test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results:Mean and standard deviation of the self-esteem scores in the intervention and control groups were 28.37±3.58 and 27.89±3.82 before the education, 32.17±3.12 and 27.50±3.56 immediately after the education, and 33.83±3.32 as well as 27.32±4.37 three months later, respectively. Mean self-esteem scores were significantly different post-intervention (P<0.001) and three months later (P<0.001) between the two groups. Conclusion: Education on puberty health assisted by multimedia application can increase self-esteem in adolescent boys.

The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Academic Achievement Among Addis Ababa University Undergraduate Psychology Students

The main purpose of the study was is to examine the relationship between self-esteem, gender, and academic achievement among Addis Ababa University Undergraduate psychology students. The study was conducted on 100 second and third year psychology students those gave their written consent. The pertinent data were collected by using Rosenberg self –esteem scale and the students’ cumulative average grade point. The collected data were analyzed via independent T-tests, one way ANNOVA and Pearson correlation at alpha level 0.05. The analysis result shows that there is statistically significant mean difference between self-esteem and mother and father education level (with p-value=0.030 and 0.001for father and mother education level, respectively). The mean self-esteem score of students whose families are illiterate is greater than those students who came from college and above educated family. The mean self-esteem score of male students was higher than the mean score of female students (p-value &lt;0.0001; Mean = 21.32 and 18.16 for male and female, respectively). However, there is no statistical significant difference between self-esteem academic achievement as well as place of residence. The study recommends that future studies should put effort to measure the significant relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement by including more variables, increasing the number of participants and by using longitudinal study design. Keywords: Academic achievement, self esteem DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-4-03

First Outcomes of the ZSI 475 FtM, a Specific Prosthesis Designed for Phalloplasty

IntroductionThe ZSI 475FtM is a new prosthesis that has recently been specifically designed for phalloplasty. It has several functions that have been conceived to answer the challenges of implantation after phalloplasty: a large base for pubic bone fixation, realistically shaped hard glans, and a pump shaped like a testicle. AimTo assess the safety, feasibility, and patient satisfaction of the ZSI 475 FtM. MethodsSurgical outcomes were analyzed after implantation of the prosthesis between June 2016 and September 2017 (single institution, single surgeon). Patients were then asked to answer a satisfaction questionnaire that included the International Index of Erectile Function–5, Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction, and Self-Esteem and Relationship, as well as other non-validated questions. Main Outcome MeasureComplication rates and the scores of the different questionnaires were reviewed. Results20 patients who had gender dysphoria and underwent operation for a female-to-male procedure were included. The mean age was 37.9 years. Complications after 21 implantations included 2 (9.5%) infections that were medically treated (Clavien II), 1 (4.7%) infection treated by explantation (Clavien IIIb), 2 (9.5%) mechanical failures (Clavien IIIb), and 1 (4.7%) malpositioning (Clavien IIIb). The mean follow-up was 8.9 months (SD 4.0), with 50% of the implanted patients having >12 months of follow-up. 14 patients (70%) answered the satisfaction questionnaire. 12 patients (85.7%) had regular penetrative sexual intercourse. The mean International Index of Erectile Function–5 score was 20.2 of 25 (standard deviation [SD] 7.9), the mean Self-Esteem and Relationship score was 84.5 of 100 (SD 9.9), and the mean Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction score was 82 of 100 (SD 17.5). 13 patients (92.8%) were satisfied or very satisfied with the prosthesis. Clinical ImplicationsThis new innovative prosthesis could better answer the challenges faced by the implantation of an erectile device by phalloplasty. Strength & LimitationsOur study is the first to report data on this new prosthesis. The main limitation is the small number of patients and the short follow-up. ConclusionPreliminary results for the ZSI 475 FtM are encouraging. Safety seems to be satisfactory, and patient satisfaction is high. Long-term studies are needed for further analysis.Neuville P, Morel-Journel N, Cabelguenne D, et al. First Outcomes of the ZSI 475 FtM, a Specific Prosthesis Designed for Phalloplasty. J Sex Med 2019;16:316–322.

Effects of an educational intervention targeting body image on self-esteem of Iranian high-school students: a quasi-experimental trial

Aim of the studyMany individuals, especially youth, are concerned about their body image and devote much time to thinking about changes to their appearance. Most studies on the effect of educational programs on body image have focused on treatment of negative body image. Few studies have evaluated the effect of educational programs on prevention of negative body image and its improvement in the general population. The current study examined the effect of a self-efficacy theory-based educational program on body image concern and self-esteem among female high school students in Shiraz.Subject or material and methodsIn this quasi-experimental study, 150 students (72 in the intervention and 78 in the control group) were selected from high schools in Shiraz using cluster sampling. The intervention group took part in six 45-minute educational sessions. The educational content was determined using the 8-step Cash model proportional to Iranian culture. The study data was collected using Littleton’s body image concern and Rosenberg’s self-esteem questionnaires. It was then analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and the Friedman test.ResultsThe results showed no significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding parental occupations, parental educational levels, age, body image concern and self-esteem at baseline. The mean score for body image concern decreased in both groups during the study period, but the decrease was more significant in the intervention group. The mean score of self-esteem also significantly increased in the intervention group during the study period (p&lt;0.0001.DiscussionThis study showed that body image education could reduce body image concerns and increase self-esteemConclusions.

Associations between women's perceptions of gender relations and self-esteem and self-efficacy in a former conflict zone: baseline findings in South Kivu, DR Congo

Abstract Background Eastern DR Congo is recovering from decades of armed conflict in which violence against women (VAW) was widely used as a weapon of war. Even now, rates remain high: 34·5% and 47·5% of women in South Kivu report ever experiencing sexual or physical violence, respectively. However, there are few data on the impact of VAW on the health of women and their children. Methods In August 2016, we collected baseline data on demographic and health-related variables from mothers of children younger than 5 years in 843 households enrolled as part of a larger impact evaluation. Women's empowerment was measured using the previously validated Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (RSES), the generalised self-efficacy scale (GSES), and a gender relations scale originally developed by the Medical Research Council of South Africa. GSES and RSES scores were generated by averaging individual responses to questions; bivariate analyses of the scores with individual gender relations questions were conducted using χ 2 tests. Findings Of the 845 mothers interviewed, 325 (45·5%) had less than a primary education. The mean number of children younger than 18 years per household was four, with 66 (8%) of households having more than seven such children. Mean self-esteem score was 18·2 (SD 5·3) and mean self-efficacy score was 26·2 (SD 6·3), and internal reliability tests of the RSES and GSES scales yielded alphas of α=0·76 and α=0·89, respectively. Women with higher GSES or RSES scores were less likely to accept physical violence or sexual coercion than women with lower scores (p Interpretation This population of women had lower self-esteem than for a generalised population in DR Congo (21·3), probably because of the prolonged conflict in eastern DR Congo. Furthermore, mean GSES was lower than that of another post-conflict setting (Iran, 30·2), as well as several higher-income countries (29–32). Funding American Refugee Committee.

Tendency to Rhinoplasty in University Students Based on the Level of Self-Esteem and Body Image Concern

Objective: The increasing tendency of the Iranian people, especially the youth to cosmetic surgery has become one of the major psychosocial challenges. The aim of this study was to determine tendency to rhinoplasty in terms of self-esteem and body image concern among university students of Ilam city. Methods: Two hundred and eighty-six students from Ilam city universities were entered into cross-sectional study using two-stage random sampling method. Data were collected using a 34-item questionnaire that includes demographic information, Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) and Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) by self-reported data gathering method. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and for analyzing data, the descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-tests and One Way ANOVA were used. Results: The participants Mean +/- SD of age was 21.15 +/- 2.28. Most of them were female (58.74 ), single (90.9 ) and studying in non-medical fields(57.34 ). The results of the study showed the significant differences between students tendency to rhinoplasty by gender (P=0.001), Field of Study (P=0.046) and economic conditions (P=0.027). In addition, there were significant differences between mean scores of self-esteem and body image concern in our study population in terms of rhinoplasty status, (P=0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the intention of having rhinoplasty surgery among university students is affected by level of their Self-esteem and also their concerns about their body image. In addition, the social determinants of health such as gender and economic conditions play a significant role in the tendency of university students to undergo rhinoplasty.

Study the relationship between medical sciences students' self-esteem and academic achievement of Guilan university of medical sciences

BACKGROUND:Achievement of productivity and improvement of quality in the educational system is the effective, influential factors for countries development. Academic achievement is the main objective of the training program and the most important concerns of teachers, education officials, and university Student's families. Self-esteem is one of the factors affecting student academic achievement. This study is aimed to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement in Medical Sciences students of in 2014–2015.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:This is a descriptive–correlational study. In this study, 537 university students were selected using random stratified sampling method from Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2014–2015. Data were collected using the standard self-esteem questionnaire of Cooper Smith consisting of four elements (general, social, familial, and educational) and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and descriptive statistics such as Spearman correlation and Logistic Regression.RESULTS:The results indicated a significant relationship between grade point average and educational self-esteem (P = 0.002, r = 0.135) and global self-esteem (P = 0.02, r = 0.102). There was also a significant relationship between composite Index educational status and general self-esteem (P = 0.019, r = 0.102) and academic achievement (P = 0.007, r = 0.116) and global self-esteem (P = 0.020, r = 0.102).CONCLUSIONS:According to the results, the highest mean score of self-esteem was related to the familial element, and the lowest average was in terms of social self-esteem, therefore, given the importance and necessity of self-esteem in academic achievement, strengthening of all aspects of self-esteem is suggested.

The comparison of spiritual health and self-esteem in women with and without sexual violence.

Background and aimSexual violence is a serious public health problem which is common around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate spiritual health and self-esteem in sexual violence victims.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on 66 subjects in the group of sexual violence women and 147 subjects in the group of women with no experience of sexual violence who referred to Tehran Forensic Medical Center and the health centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences respectively, in 2015, in Tehran, Iran. Sexual violence was considered as vaginal or anal penetration. Paloutzian & Ellison spiritual health questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem scale were used for data collecting. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 21. The Kolmogorov Simonov test was used for normality distribution of variables. Descriptive and the Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was set to p<0.05.ResultsSexual activity in both groups was started at 20 years old. Most of the abused subjects were single (48.8%), with education level below diploma (55.2%), unemployed (67%) and with an average annual income of 200 million Rials ($7,000). Familiarity with the offender was mostly as friendship (42.4%), and the offence had occurred through deception (37.8%). No significant difference was found between the total mean scores of self-esteem in the two groups (M1: 21.89, M2: 21.02; p=0.76) while a significant difference was seen between the mean scores of spiritual health, which indicates a lower level of spiritual health in women with sexual violence (M1: 74.59 (2.03), M2: 86.39 (3.12); p<0.001).ConclusionThe results of the present study highlight the importance of spirituality in sexual violence so policies to promote spiritual health are recommended to protect women.

Effect of Gratitude Training Program on Dental Hygiene Students' Gratitude Disposition, Self-Esteem, and Happiness

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a gratitude training program for preservice dental hygienists affects their gratitude disposition, self-esteem, and happiness. Dental hygiene students were recruited from a college in D and administered a pretest. The 76 selected participants were primarily those who had never written a gratitude journal. Participants were then randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. Three participants failed to complete the program, leaving 73 subjects in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using the χ2 test, independent sample t-test, and analysis of covariance. The mean gratitude disposition score improved from 31.11±5.55 in the pretest to 34.41±4.38 in the posttest in the experimental group and from 31.44±4.41 to 32.06±4.63 in the control group. The mean self-esteem score improved from 31.22±4.03 to 33.16±3.44 in the experimental group and from 30.53±4.42 to 30.97±3.80 in the control group. The mean happiness score improved from 19.54±2.64 to 21.78±2.43 in the experimental group and from 19.64±3.32 to 20.08±2.91 in the control group. All of the participants improved their gratitude disposition, self-esteem, and happiness scores while participating in the gratitude training program, and it is expected that if such positive emotions can be sustained, they will naturally acquire the basic requirements of dental hygienists and build a better vocational consciousness and a higher sense of duty, as well as have a further positive effect on the quality of dental medical service. Further studies should be conducted to propose a concrete plan to expand and operate this gratitude training program more effectively.

Effects of penile fracture and its surgical treatment on psychosocial and sexual function.

The current therapy for penile fracture is immediate surgical repair, but sexual and psychosocial effects of the repair have been poorly investigated. We aimed to assess the impact of surgical correction of penile fracture on psychosocial status, sexual function, and erectile quality. Sixty-four patients classified into two subgroups according to follow-up: 2-24 months (Group 1), and longer than 24 months (Group 2), and 28 healthy men (Control group). The mean overall follow-up period was 39.1±32.7 months. The number of sexual intercourse origin was 44 (68.8%), the mean time interval from incident-to-surgery was 13.6±9.3 h. The mean sexual relationship score decreased during first year (P=0.001), and significant recovery was observed over 12-24 months. The mean overall relationship scores and the mean self-esteem scores of the study groups decreased until the end of the 24 months (P<0.05). The mean erectile function domains remained stable in all groups (P>0.05). The mean EHS scores were lower but the difference was not significant in the study groups (P>0.05). Penile fracture repair have no detrimental effect on sexual function, but psychogenic aspect may be adversely affected. This article concludes lower complication rates can be reached with immediate surgical correction of the penile fracture whereas psychogenic recovery might prolonged.

Child self-esteem and different parenting styles of mothers: a cross-sectional study

Aim of the studySeveral factors affect the formation of self-esteem in children. Given the importance of parental attitudes and educational practices in development of a sense of self-worth in children, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and self-esteem in primary school children .Subject or material and methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on primary school children in Zahedan during 2013-2014. The data were collected using Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Inventory and Diana Baumrind Parenting Style Inventory. Then, the data were described using mean, standard deviation, and frequency, and were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. All analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical software, version 16.frequency, and multivariate regression test as well as Pearson correlation coefficient was applied for data analysis. The SPSS software version 16 was also used for data analysisResultsThe results showed that the total mean score of self-esteem was 32.5±5.6 and most parenting styles were authoritative (80.6%). In addition, a significant relationship was found between self-esteem and authoritative parenting style (p&lt;0.05).DiscussionAccording to the present study, the data related to predict self-esteem through the use of parenting styles indicated that authoritative parenting style is a significant predictor of self-esteem. Furthermore, authoritative parenting style is a significant predictor of a child's self-esteem and this suggests that self-esteem is significantly higher in those who have parents with authoritative parenting styleConclusionsThe study results indicated that authoritative parenting style was a significant predictor of children’s self-esteem. In other words, children of parents with authoritative parenting style had significantly higher self-esteem.

Self-Esteem and Academic Stress among Nursing Students.

Stress and self-esteem are common issues that everyone has to cope with at some time in their lives and they could also affect other things going on in a persons' life. Academic stress is psychological condition often experienced by college students as, to some extent, being multidimensional variables. Among others are self-esteem and psychological well-being which are considered to have influences in explaining why college students experience stress. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the self-esteem level and academic stress among the nursing students. Method This is a cross-sectional study carried out in 2012. Total respondents were 190 nursing students selected randomly from Kathmandu University. Academic stress was assed using 30-item Scale for Assessing Academic Stress (SAAS) and Self esteem was assessed using 10 item Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. Information was collected through the self-administered questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Simple statistics measurement, percentage, means, correlation was used for the data analysis. Result This study shows mean age of the respondent's was 20.44±2.67 years. Majority (88%) of students getting financial support of less than NRs 6000 per month and 64% have low perceived family support. This study found mean score of self esteem and academic stress was 11.9 and 18.4 respectively. Further nearly 78% students have low self esteem and 74% have high academic stress. Significant variable for high academic stress and low self esteem were lower the age, lower the education and low perceived family support. Lower financial support has also high academic stress. Conclusion Nursing students have low self esteem and high academic stress. Intervention to lower the academic stress and increase the self esteem should be carried out so that the learning of students will be efficient.

The impact of cognitive behavioral therapy on self-esteem and quality of life of hospitalized amputee elderly patients

Background: No study is available on the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on self-esteem and quality of life (QOL) of amputee elderly patients. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of CBT on self-esteem and QOL of hospitalized amputee elderly patients. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out on a sample of 64 amputee elderly patients. The subjects were selected consecutively and then were randomly assigned into either the experimental or the control groups (32 patients in each group). The data collection instrument consisted of a demographic data form, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and the short form of the World Health Organization QOL Questionnaire (WHOQOL). Patients in the intervention group participated in six sessions of CBT and the control group received routine care. At the start and after the 3rd week, all patients answered the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the WHOQOL-short form. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and t- tests were used to analyze the data. Results: No significant differences were found between the intervention and the control groups regarding their baseline mean scores of self-esteem and QOL. The observed changes in the QOL and self-esteem of the control group were not statistically significant. However, significant statistical differences were observed between all mean differences in the two groups that indicate the positive effect of the intervention. Conclusion: The CBT employed in the present study could significantly improve the self-esteem and QOL in amputee elderly patients. The same protocol is suggested to be added into the rehabilitation process for amputee elderly patients.

Assessment of self-esteem and psychological aspects in patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the self-esteem and quality-of-life outcomes in patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Federal University of Sao Paulo. The self-esteem and quality-of-life of 29 patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty were compared with 20 age-matched volunteers from the general population. During preoperative assessment, the patients and volunteers underwent complete ophthalmological examinations and answered two questionnaires: the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) and the World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL-BREF). The RSES is a ten-item questionnaire developed to measure self-esteem that are answered using a four-point scale. The scores range from 0 to 30, and lower scores indicate higher self-esteem. The WHOQOL-BREF is composed of 26 questions divided into four domains. Mean values greater than 5 are considered indicative of very good quality-of-life. Data from the RSES and quality-of-life scores were compared between the two groups using an unpaired t- test. Results: The mean self-esteem scores for the patients and volunteers were 10.31 ± 0.71 and 6.9 ± 0.99, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean response scores for the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire for the patients and volunteers were 3.67 ± 0.08 and 3.76 ± 0.08, respectively (p = 0.449). For the psychological subscale of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, the results for the patients and volunteers were 3.52 ± 0.09 and 3.78 ± 0.08, respectively (p = 0.041). Conclusions: Subjects who underwent upper blepharoplasty exhibited worse self-esteem based on the RSES. Regarding quality-of-life, as assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, significant differences between the groups were evident in the psychological aspects subscale. Our study confirms the importance of subjecting patients to psychological evaluation prior to upper blepharoplasty.

The Evaluation of Self-Esteem and Sexual Satisfaction of Patients with Bowel Stoma in Turkey

This research, which is a cross sectional-descriptive study, aims to evaluate the self-esteem and sexual satisfaction of patients aged between 18 and 70 who had bowel stoma and applied to a Stoma Therapy Polyclinic of a university hospital. The study was conducted between 15 October 2015 and 15 January 2016, with 59 patients who applied to the Stoma Therapy Polyclinic and met the research criteria. The data were collected through the Patient Information Form, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) Female-Male forms. Analysis of the data was performed using Pearson Chi Square test, Fisher Exact, Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test. Mean score for the patients’ total self-esteem was found to be 3.27 ± 2.02, and total GRISS mean score was 58.80 ± 16.44. There was a positive, significant relationship between women’s self-esteem and frequency, communication and satisfaction sub-dimensions of GRISS (p = 0 0.05). As for the male patients, there was a positive, significant relationship between their self-esteem and frequency, communication, satisfaction, avoidance, impotence, and premature ejaculation sub-dimensions of GRISS (p = 0 < 0.05). Results of the present study show that patients with stoma had moderate levels of self-esteem, they experienced above-moderate levels of sexual problems and there were no significant differences between male and female patients in terms of self-esteem mean scores and sexual functions (except for frequency scores).