Mean Attitude Score Research Articles

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward oral health management among orthodontic patients: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward oral health management among orthodontic patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study on orthodontic patients was conducted at Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital from December 20, 2023, to March 19, 2024. Demographic data and KAP scores were collected using self-designed questionnaires. The cutoff for adequate KAP dimension scores was 70%.ResultsThe study included 418 orthodontic patients, of whom 274 (65.55%) were female, and 144 (34.45%) were male. The average age was 32.70 ± 8.47 years (33.72 ± 8.46 in females and 32.17 ± 8.44 in males). The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 11.80 ± 4.06 (possible range: 0–16), 27.00 ± 3.18 (possible range: 6–30), and 31.13 ± 6.01 (possible range: 8–40), respectively. The proportions of participants who scored above a cutoff of 70% were 247 (59.09%) for knowledge, 403 (96.41%) for attitude, and 290 (69.38%) for practice. Multivariate logistic regression showed that knowledge score (OR = 1.243, 95% CI: [1.152–1.342], P < 0.001), attitude score (OR = 1.255, 95% CI: [1.140–1.381], P < 0.001), and wearing an appliance for 3 to 6 months (OR = 4.309, 95% CI: [1.565–11.861], P = 0.005) were independently linked to proactive practice. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that knowledge directly influenced attitude (β = 0.684, P < 0.001) and practice (β = 0.527, P < 0.001), while attitude had a direct impact on practice (β = 0.587, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe majority of orthodontic patients demonstrated adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and proactive practices toward oral health management. Nonetheless, continuous education is still essential for certain groups, such as recently fitted orthodontic patients, to ensure sustained improvement in oral health outcomes.

NURSES’ KAP ANALYSIS FOR PALLIATIVE CARE PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE

Heart failure patients admitted for palliative care require specialized management to alleviate symptoms and enhance their quality of life. Nurses play a pivotal role in delivering palliative care; however, their knowledge, attitudes, and practices significantly influence patient outcomes. This study aims to assess these parameters in nurses working in intensive care and cardiology settings. Objective: T o evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nurses working with palliative care patients with heart failure. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Nursing Department of Nishtar Hospital, Multan from October 2023 to October 2024. A total of 100 nurses working in the ICU and Cardiology department with heart failure patients admitted for palliative care were included in the study. Data was collected through questionnaires. Knowledge was assessed by the 30-item Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing, attitude regarding death was evaluated by a 32-item Death Attitude Profile and practice was assessed by 6-item perceptions of preparedness and ability to care for the dying (PPACD) R-I scale. Results: The mean knowledge score was 13.8 ± 2.55 with a satisfactory score in only 46% of participants. Only 29% were aware of symptom management in terminally ill patients. The mean attitude score was 133.6 ± 108.4 and the mean practice score was 16.2 ± 5.1. No significant association between knowledge scores and previous palliative care training was noted (r=0.1) but attitude scores were positively related to age and experience. The approach acceptance (r=0.292) and neutral acceptance (r=0.339) were significantly associated with practice. Conclusion: Nurses working in the palliative care unit possessed unsatisfactory knowledge, attitudes, and practices to manage patients with heart failure. Intervention programs and the inclusion of palliative care subjects in the curriculum can improve these results and avert the healthcare hazard.

Metaphoric interventions for challenging irrational thoughts and attitudes in substance use disorders

BackgroundSubstance use disorders are often accompanied by irrational beliefs and unfavorable attitudes that contribute to their development and persistence. Metaphor therapy, utilizing stories and imagery, has emerged as a potential intervention to reshape thoughts. This study aimed to investigate the impact of metaphor therapy on irrational beliefs and attitudes among individuals with substance use disorders. A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Assiut University Hospital’s substance use inpatient unit from April to December 2023. A non-probability purposive sample of 115 individuals with substance use disorders was selected but only 100 were recruited and randomly assigned to study and control groups. The study group (n = 50) received six 90-min group metaphor therapy sessions over 6 months, while the control group (n = 50) received no intervention. Irrational beliefs and attitudes toward substance use were assessed using the Irrational Beliefs Scale and Attitude Toward Substance Abuse Questionnaire at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up.ResultsThe metaphor therapy group demonstrated significant decreases in mean irrational belief subscale and total scores at post-treatment and follow-up compared to pre-treatment. Additionally, this group exhibited higher mean attitude scores, indicating more negative attitudes (rejection of substance use) during post-treatment and follow-up assessments. No significant changes were observed in the control group.ConclusionsMetaphor therapy was effective in reducing irrational beliefs and fostering more favorable attitudes toward substance use among individuals with substance use disorders. The finding suggests metaphor therapy could be a valuable intervention for addressing cognitive and attitudinal factors contributing to substance use.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices among patients with periodontal disease toward disease management

IntroductionPeriodontal disease is a common chronic inflammatory condition that affects oral health and carries broader public health implications. This study aimed to assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among patients with periodontal disease toward disease management.MethodsThis cross-sectional web-based study was conducted between March 2022 and March 2023. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to evaluate KAP toward disease management.ResultsA total of 514 questionnaires were collected. Among the patients, 313 (60.89%) of them were female, 309 (60.12%) resided in urban areas and 130 (25.29%) reported having severe periodontal disease. The mean scores of knowledge, attitudes and practices were 3.05 ± 2.03 (possible range: 0–8), 18.71 ± 3.64 (possible range: 6–30), and 14.85 ± 3.63 (possible range: 5–25), respectively. The knowledge item with highest correctness rate was the link between periodontal disease and systemic health (60.70%), while the lowest correctness rate was seen for understanding disease classification (36.96%). Pearson’s analysis revealed positive correlations between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.31, p &amp;lt; 0.001), knowledge and practices (r = 0.23, p &amp;lt; 0.001) attitudes, as well as attitudes and practices (r = 0.17, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that knowledge (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.14–1.49, p &amp;lt; 0.001), age ≥ 33 years old (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.18–0.62, p = 0.001), housewife/househusband (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17–0.95, p = 0.037) and student (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20–0.92, p = 0.029) were independently associated with practices.ConclusionPatients with periodontal disease had insufficient knowledge, negative attitudes, and passive practices toward disease management. Further efforts could be directed toward enhancing patient education on periodontal disease to improve knowledge, thereby positively influencing attitudes and disease management practices.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Stroke Patients' Family Members Towards Stroke Rehabilitation: A Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among family members of stroke patients regarding stroke rehabilitation. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on the family members of stroke patients at the China Rehabilitation Research Center from February 15 to May 2, 2024. This study collected demographic data and KAP scores through a self-designed questionnaire. ResultsThe study enrolled 517 family members, of which 344 (66.54%) were male. The mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 12.01 ± 5.46 (possible range: 0-20), 49.40 ± 4.96 (possible range: 11-55), and 41.93 ± 7.49 (possible range: 10-50), respectively. Correlation analyses demonstrated a significant positive relationship between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.501, P < 0.001), knowledge and practice (r = 0.471, P < 0.001), and attitude and practice (r = 0.441, P < 0.001). Structural Equation Modeling indicated that showed that knowledge directly affected attitude (β = 0.481, P = 0.004) and practice (β = 0.351, P = 0.009), and attitude directly affected practice (β = 0.244, P = 0.007). Additionally, knowledge indirectly affected practice through attitude (β = 0.117, P = 0.006). ConclusionsThis study identified significant gaps in knowledge, despite generally positive attitudes and proactive practices among family members of stroke patients regarding stroke rehabilitation. This highlights the necessity for tailored educational programs for family members to address these knowledge gaps.

Attitudes Toward Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Among Rural and Urban Students in Iringa Region, Tanzania

Students' attitudes toward Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) are influenced by socio-economic conditions, cultural perceptions, and resource availability. Urban students typically access better WASH facilities and education than rural peers. Cultural norms and community involvement play crucial roles in promoting positive hygiene practices and improving health outcomes, especially in Tanzania. The study examined WASH attitudes among students in rural and urban Iringa, Tanzania, highlighting socio-economic influences on these perspectives. This study assessed WASH attitudes among primary and secondary students in rural (Kilolo, Mufindi) and urban (Iringa Municipality) schools in Iringa, Tanzania, from July 4 to 25, 2024. A quantitative analytical cross-sectional design was employed, including 1,536 students randomly selected from 64 schools. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), utilizing descriptive statistics, P-values for associations, and multinomial logistic regression to identify predictors associated with attitudes among students. Rural students have a mean attitude score of 86.38%, slightly higher than urban students at 85.42%. The overall mean attitude score for both groups is 85.90%. It is noteworthy that both rural and urban settings demonstrate a high level of attitude. An independent samples t-test reveals a significant difference (t = -2.067, p = 0.039). In rural areas, 82.4% of students have a high attitude compared to 79.8% in urban areas. Key predictors of WASH attitudes include level of study and type of school, where primary and public-school students revealed significantly higher moderate attitudes, all with (p &lt; 0.05). Rural students exhibit more positive WASH attitudes than urban peers, indicating the need for targeted educational programs and resources to address disparities in various settings highlighted attitude gaps.

Effectiveness of a video-assisted teaching program on menstrual cup usage among women (18–45 years age group) in selected colleges of Patna

ABSTRACT Introduction: Menstrual cups are a sustainable alternative to traditional menstrual products, yet their usage remains low in many regions. In India, only 0.3% of women use menstrual cups, representing a lack of knowledge and a negative attitude towards the use of menstrual cups. This study aimed to promote menstrual cup usage and develop the right attitude among women (18–45 years old) in selected colleges in Patna. Material and Methods: One group pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental study was conducted in selected colleges in Patna with a nonrandomized convenient sampling technique employed to select 100 participants. The intervention consisted of a 30-minute video session on menstrual cup usage, and a structured questionnaire administered pre- and post-intervention to assess knowledge and attitudes. Results: Post-intervention analysis showed a significant increase in knowledge and positive attitudes towards menstrual cup usage. The video-assisted teaching program was found effective in enhancing knowledge regarding menstrual cup usage, as evidenced by the mean knowledge score, which improved from 7.25 + 1.89 to 8.40 + 1.43, as well as the attitude mean score, which improved from 32.14 + 8.50 to 33.91 + 7.88. Conclusion: The video-assisted teaching program effectively enhanced knowledge and positively influenced attitudes toward menstrual cup usage among women in the targeted age group. This suggests that similar educational interventions could be beneficial in promoting sustainable menstrual hygiene practices. Many participants suggested that if it is added through government schemes, it will be more valuable in promoting the adoption of menstrual cups among women.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Stroke Among Hypertensive Patients in Selected Hospitals, Mogadishu: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally, with hypertension identified as the main risk factor. Therefore, the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of hypertensive patients are crucial for the early recognition and timely intervention needed to prevent strokes and minimize their long-term complications. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding stroke among hypertensive patients. The study used a cross-sectional design and enrolled 289 hypertensive patients. A consecutive sampling technique was employed to select the participants. Data were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software (version 26). A significance level of 0.05 was established for the study. 70.6% of participants identified stroke as an interruption in blood flow to the brain. The majority of respondents (94.5%) identified hypertension and diabetes as risk factors for stroke. Sudden loss of vision or double vision is the most prominent indicator of stroke (75.8%). In terms of stroke complications, chronic headaches (89.3%) were widely recognized. Only 41.9% of the patients checked their blood pressure, and 37% took their medications regularly. The knowledge level significantly differed only with sex. However, significant differences were observed in the mean scores for attitudes based on age, education, and income, and in the practice mean score based on sex, education, employment status, and income. A weak positive correlation was found between patients' knowledge and attitude, but no significant correlation between knowledge and practice, or attitude and practice. The study demonstrated that respondents had good knowledge about stroke but struggled to convert it into a positive attitude and practice. These findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to improve attitudes and practices towards stroke prevention.

Differences in knowledge, attitudes and intentions towards HPV vaccination among young adults from diverse socio-cultural groups in Israel: A cross-sectional study

In Israel, The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine is recommended to both genders up to age 26. Many 18–26 olds missed their opportunity for vaccination during school. Our study described HPV knowledge, attitudes and vaccination intentions among unvaccinated 18–26 Israeli adults across various demographics, aiming to inform future catch-up vaccination strategies.We recruited participants through an anonymous survey and collected information about demographics and HPV knowledge, attitudes and intentions using questions from validated questionnaires adapted to the Israeli context, distributed between December 2023–February 2024. We calculated weighted mean knowledge and attitude scores according to age, gender, ethnicity and sexual orientation. We determined factors associated with vaccination knowledge, attitudes and intentions using multivariate linear regressions.Of 4324 respondents, 36 % were vaccinated. Of 1994 unvaccinated individuals included in the final analysis, <50 % reported being familiar with HPV. The overall mean weighted HPV knowledge score was 9.5/14 (95 % CI 9.3–9.7). Older participants, Jewish non-Ultra-Orthodox, and those with higher education levels reported higher knowledge scores. Attitudes towards HPV vaccination were generally neutral but tended towards the positive, with an overall mean weighted score of 2.9/5 (95 %CI 2.88–2.95). Variation in attitudes across different demographic groups was minimal.Intention to vaccinate within 12 months was low, with <15 % of respondents overall expressing an intention to do so. Factors significantly associated with higher vaccination intention included being Arab, older, female, having multiple sexual partners, and being a student. There was no association between sexual orientation and vaccination intention. Arab participants showed the highest intention to vaccinate despite having the lowest knowledge levels.Young adults in Israel demonstrate low HPV awareness and vaccination intention, with minor variations in attitudes across different demographics. Providing more information may be insufficient to increase vaccine uptake in all groups. Future catch-up campaigns should be tailored to barriers specific to different groups.

Knowledge and Attitude Level of Antenatal Mothers on Colostrum Feeding - An Community Based Exploratory Study

Background: Mothers during their postpartum period do not feed the newborns after child birth as soon as possible. They derelict colostrum feeding due to cultural beliefs and practices leading to lactation failure and immune deficits among newborn. Purpose: The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate the existing level of knowledge, attitude regarding colostrum feeding and to determine the co-relation between existing level of knowledge and attitude regarding colostrum feeding among third trimester antenatal mothers. Materials and methods: A descriptive correlative research design was adopted for the current study to find out the relationship between knowledge and attitude of third trimester antenatal mothers regarding colostrum feeding. The study was conducted in Maduramangalam Village after obtaining a formal permission from the village health officer. A total of 100 antenatal mothers were recruited as study participants through convenience sampling technique based on the inclusion criteria and a self- structured questionnaire was used to collect both the demographic data as well as for assessing the existing level of knowledge and attitude on colostrum feeding among third trimester antenatal mothers. Results: The study results concluded that, majority of our third trimester antenatal mothers who participated in the are moderately knowledgeable and has unfavorable attitude towards colostrum feeding. The mean score of knowledge on colostrum feeding was 6.05±1.76 and the mean score of attitude was 12.65±4.56 among third trimester antenatal mothers. The calculated Karl Pearson’s Correlation value of r = 0.635 identified a moderate positive correlation between knowledge and attitude which infers that, when knowledge on colostrum feeding among third trimester antenatal mothers increases then ultimately their attitude towards it also increases.

Nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice of low-flow oxygen therapy and humidification.

Nurses are key in administering oxygen therapy and managing its potential adverse effects in medical settings. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding low-flow oxygen therapy and humidification among nurses. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2024 to March 2024 at Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital. Demographic data and KAP scores were collected through questionnaires. A total of 243 valid questionnaires were collected. Among them, 228 (93.8%) were female, and 93 (38.3%) had been working for more than 10 years. The mean scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices were 11.11 ± 4.30 (Ranging 0-18), 29.14 ± 3.41 (Ranging 7-35), and 28.07 ± 4.73 (Ranging 7-35), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that knowledge (OR = 1.302, 95% CI: [1.167-1.453], p < 0.001) and attitudes (OR = 1.196, 95% CI: [1.080-1.325], p < 0.001) were independently associated with proactive practices. Structural equation modeling (SEM) corroborated the direct influences of training (β = 3.210, p < 0.001) and clinical experience (β = 2.044, p = 0.002) on knowledge, with knowledge (β = 0.379, p < 0.001) and gender (β = -1.642, p = 0.037) directly impacting attitudes. Additionally, knowledge (β = 0.395, p < 0.001), attitudes (β = 0.340, p < 0.001), and equipment utilization (β = 1.098, p < 0.001) directly influenced practices. Nurses demonstrated inadequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and inactive practices toward low-flow oxygen therapy and humidification. Enhanced training and increased clinical experience are recommended to improve nurses' knowledge and practice in this area.

KAP ANALYSIS OF NURSES REGARDING PREVENTION OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH NUTRITIONAL BEHAVIORS

Osteoporosis is a significant public health concern, affecting millions globally. Nurses play a vital role in educating and guiding patients about preventive measures. However, their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding osteoporosis prevention, along with their own nutritional behaviours, are crucial factors that can influence patient care and health outcomes. Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of nurses regarding osteoporosis prevention and its association with nutritional behaviours. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Nursing Department of Nishtar Hospital, Multan from September 2023 to August 2024. A total of 100 nurses with at least a bachelor’s degree and a minimum of one year of work experience were included in the study. The data was collected through a questionnaire divided into five sections to collect demographic information, levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices, and nutritional habits of nurses. Results: The mean knowledge score was 19.24 ± 4.10 with 55% of nurses possessing good knowledge. The mean attitude score was 71.68 ± 7.05 with 80% of nurses having positive attitudes. The mean attitude score was 47.32 ± 7.44 with 58% of nurses having good practices. 58% of nurses had good nutritional behaviours with a mean score of 111.08 ± 14.73. A strong direct association was observed between nutritional behaviors and KAP scores (p=0.001). Conclusion: Good knowledge, attitudes, practices, and nutritional behaviours were noted in nurses regarding osteoporosis prevention. The KAP scores had a direct and strong association with nutritional behaviors promoting lifestyle changes.

One-year impact of behavioural interventions on schistosomiasis-related knowledge, attitude and practices of primary schoolchildren in Pemba, Tanzania

BackgroundElimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem and interruption of transmission in selected areas are goals set by the World Health Organization for 2030. Behaviour change communication (BCC), coupled with other interventions, is considered an essential measure to reduce the transmission of Schistosoma infection. Focusing on elimination, we assessed the 1-year impact of BCC interventions on schistosomiasis-related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of schoolchildren in hotspot schools versus low-prevalence schools that did not receive the interventions.MethodsSchool-based cross-sectional surveys were implemented in 16 schools on Pemba Island, Tanzania, in 2020 and 2022, respectively. The schistosomiasis-related KAP were assessed in children attending grades 3–5, using pre-tested questionnaires. Between the surveys, in 2021, children from hotspot schools were exposed to BCC interventions. The difference in mean knowledge and attitude scores, respectively, between schoolchildren from hotspot and low-prevalence schools during the survey in 2022 was determined with a linear mixed-effect model.ResultsIn the five hotspot schools that received BCC interventions, 315 children participated in the survey in 2020 and 349 in 2022. There was a 21.0% increase in children with moderate knowledge and a 13.8% decrease in no knowledge; a 8.3% increase in good attitude and a 19.2% decrease in poor attitude; 3.4% and 3.2% fewer children reported to use waterbodies for washing clothes or body, respectively. In the 11 low-prevalence schools without BCC interventions, 778 children participated in 2020 and 732 in 2022. The percentage of children with poor knowledge (56.4% and 63.1%) and poor attitude (55.3% and 53.1%) remained relatively stable from 2020 to 2022, but 4.9% and 3.0% less children reported to use waterbodies for washing clothes or their body, respectively. In 2022, the difference in mean knowledge scores was 0.8 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5−1.1] and the difference in mean attitude scores was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.4−0.7) between children in hotspot compared with low-prevalence schools.ConclusionsAfter one year of implementation, the BCC interventions markedly improved the KAP of exposed children. Complemented by improved access to clean water and sanitation, BCC holds promise to contribute successfully to the achievement of schistosomiasis control and elimination targets.Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN91431493. Registered 11 February. 2020, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN91431493.Graphical

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward bioterrorism preparedness among nurses: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundBioterrorism is an important topic in the field of biosecurity. Nurses, the largest group of healthcare workers, play a critical role in addressing the threat of bioterrorism. This study aimed to examine the present level of bioterrorism knowledge, attitudes, and practices among nurses. It also explored the relationships among bioterrorism knowledge, attitudes, and practices, as well as demographic variables that influence the scores of each dimension.MethodsA descriptive correlational research design was conducted using a convenience sample of 429 nurses in five tertiary general hospitals in Tianjin. Registered nurses with six months or more of work experience, currently still working in hospitals, and volunteering to participate in the study are included; otherwise, they are excluded. A structured questionnaire with four components was used: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of bioterrorism, attitudes toward bioterrorism, and practices related to bioterrorism. The acquired data were analyzed using the Mann‒Whitney test, Kruskal‒Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression. This study followed the STROBE guidelines.ResultsThe study ultimately included 429 valid surveys. The mean score for bioterrorism knowledge was satisfactory (33.06 ± 4.87), the mean score for bioterrorism attitudes was good (23.83 ± 5.23), and the mean score for bioterrorism practices was poor (10.94 ± 6.51). There was a significant negative correlation between bioterrorism knowledge and attitudes (r=-0.38, p < 0.01), knowledge and practices (r=-0.42, p < 0.01). Bioterrorism practices were significantly positively correlated with attitudes (r = 0.21, p < 0.01). Educational level (β = 0.17, p < 0.001), years of experience (β = 0.26, p < 0.001), and previous bioterrorism education (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) influenced the bioterrorism knowledge score. Gender (β=-0.21, p < 0.001), educational level (β = 0.10, p < 0.05), and previous bioterrorism education (β = 0.22, p < 0.001) affected the bioterrorism attitude score. Years of experience (β=-0.28, p < 0.001) and previous bioterrorism education (β = 0.13, p < 0.01) had an impact on the practice score.ConclusionsKnowledge of bioterrorism was significantly negatively correlated with attitudes and practices, which could be attributed to the specificity of bioterrorism itself. To improve nurses’ bioterrorism preparedness, continuing medical education efforts must be strengthened, as well as regular delivery of bioterrorism-specific training and drills.

Israeli dentists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding smoking cessation care

BackgroundThe 5A’s model for brief smoking cessation care (SCC) is recommended for dentists to reduce the negative impacts of smoking on oral health. This study investigates Israeli dentists' adherence to the 5A’s guidelines and explores factors influencing their knowledge, attitudes, and practices.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was conducted among Israeli dentists during June–August 2020. The questionnaire included sociodemographic, smoking, and professional characteristics; knowledge (10 true/false statements); attitudes regarding SCC [based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)] using 13 statements (1–5 Likert scale), for a composite mean attitude score; and 5A’s performance (1–5 Likert scale, never to always). Two primary outcomes were analysed: (1) performing all of the 5A’s ‘often or always’; and (2) performing ‘always’ the first two steps (“Ask” and “Advise”). Multivariable logistic regression explored the association between the various characteristics and the primary outcomes.ResultsOverall, n = 410 responded. Mean knowledge score was 2.58 (SD = 1.51). Mean attitude score was 2.65 (SD = 0.60). Performance of all 5A’s was low with 14.1% (n = 57) reporting completing all 5A’s ‘often or always’, while 34.1% (n = 139) reported ‘always’ performing ‘Ask’ and ‘Advise’. Specialists had better odds of ‘often or always’ performing the 5A’s (adjusted OR = 2.01, p = .022) and ‘always’ performing ‘Ask and Advise’ (adjusted OR = 1.71, p = .022).ConclusionsThis study highlights the insufficient performance of SCC among Israeli dentists, revealing gaps in knowledge and attitudes related to SCC. Various measures, such as training, automatic referral systems, and integrating SCC as quality measures, may improve SCC provision among Israeli dentists.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dietary management among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in China.

This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding dietary management among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A cross-sectional survey was conducted at JiuJiang NO.1 People's Hospital from November 2023 to May 2024. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires that solicited demographic information and measured KAP scores related to dietary management in RA patients. The survey yielded 504 valid questionnaires. Of the respondents, 306 (60.71%) had a Body Mass Index (BMI) within the optimal range of 18.5-23.9 kg/m2. The mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 10.13 ± 3.58 (possible range: 0-22), 31.38 ± 2.38 (possible range: 9-45), and 4.46 ± 2.30 (possible range: 0-12), respectively. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between knowledge and practice (r = 0.294, p < 0.001) as well as between attitude and practice (r = 0.178, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that knowledge score (OR = 1.165, 95% CI: [1.078, 1.259], p < 0.001) was independently associated with proactive practice. The structural equation model (SEM) results showed that knowledge had direct effects on attitude (β = 0.291, p < 0.001) and practice (β = 0.188, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, attitude had a direct impact on practice (β = 0.081, p = 0.045). This study indicates that patients with RA generally demonstrate inadequate knowledge but hold positive attitudes toward dietary management, despite relatively inactive practices in implementing such dietary changes. Healthcare providers should prioritize educational interventions that not only enhance patient understanding but also actively support the implementation of dietary management strategies in clinical settings.

Effect of Health Education on Knowledge and Perceptions Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention among Female Students of a Medical College in Rawalpindi, Pakistan: Pre and Post Analysis

Objective: To evaluate and compare the knowledge and attitude of future female health care providers regarding pap smear screening for cervical cancer at a medical and dental institution in Pakistan. The quality of knowledge of the students was analysed to measure the efficacy of awareness intervention sessions of the students. This was aimed to highlight their role in public awareness and identify the deficit thereof in their training towards practicing preventive community medicine. Study Design: This was a pre and post analysis comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Conducted at Army Medical College Rawalpindi Pakistan, over an 8-months period from Nov 2019 to Jun 2020. Methodology: A total of 754 responses, pre intervention -401- and one-month later post intervention-353 were collected through a validated questionnaire by convenience sampling. Changes in the knowledge and attitude of students using an independent sample t test were determined one month after 20-minute educational intervention detailing cervical cancer and its screening. Association between course and year of study on the knowledge and attitude scores was determined bycomparing means using ANOVA tables. Results: Comparison of pre and post intervention scores revealed a statistically significant difference in knowledge (p&lt; 0.001)and attitude (p=0.002) with a change in mean knowledge scores from 46.31±15.93 to 74.03±15.71 and mean attitude scores from 45.84±14.37 to 48.86±12.54 after the intervention. MBBS students showed a statistically significant improvement in attitude (p&lt;0.001) than their BDS counterparts (p=0.535). Conclusion: Pre-intervention knowledge and attitude was inadequate. The intervention was successful with a significant increase in scores. Emphasis should be on implementing national HPV vaccination and cervical screening awareness campaigns.

Evaluation of Nurses' attitudes, behaviors, and barriers toward pressure ulcer prevention in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units.

Pressure ulcers are a significant concern in pediatric intensive care units, with prevalence rates ranging from 0.8% to 27%. They pose serious physical and psychological challenges, particularly in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units (NICU and PICU). This study explores nursing strategies, attitudes, and barriers toward pressure ulcer prevention in NICU and PICU settings. Using a descriptive study design, data were collected from 80 nurses working in NICU and PICU through validated questionnaires, including a demographic profile and a pressure ulcer survey. Descriptive statistics were employed to calculate mean scores and percentages, while inferential statistics assessed associations between variables. The study revealed specific nursing strategies, along with significant barriers and attitudes toward pressure ulcer prevention in NICU and PICU. The total attitude mean score was 3.57, with the highest positive response (mean = 4.29) for "most pressure sores can be avoided", and the highest negative response (mean = 3.86) for "pressure sore prevention is a low priority for me". Among participants, 72.5% conducted risk assessments on all patients, 60% had written prevention care plans, and 76.3% implemented preventive strategies. Barriers such as staff shortages and time constraints were reported by 76.2% of nurses. Multivariate analysis indicated that nurses with more than 10 years of qualification (OR = 3.67) and permanent staff with over 10 years of employment (OR = 4.31) were significantly more likely to engage in preventive practices. The use of a pressure ulcer grading tool (OR = 2.49, P < 0.05) and participation in formal training (OR = 3.14, P < 0.05) were also positively associated with preventive practices. These findings underscore the importance of structured assessment tools, ongoing education, and the need to foster positive attitudes among nurses to effectively reduce pressure ulcer prevalence and enhance patient outcomes in NICU and PICU settings.

Low Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Areas of High Cholangiocarcinoma Risk in Thailand.

This study aimed to determine the proportion of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in regions of Thailand with the highest risk for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). A multi-stage sampling method was employed to recruit participants. One sub-district per district was selected using random sampling. Simple random sampling was used to select individuals based on age range and sex, resulting in a final sample size of 744 participants. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. FV consumption was assessed through a 24-hour recall interview, recording the types and quantities consumed in three meals. Consumption proportions were calculated by comparing the amounts of each FV consumed. Household consumption units were converted to grams. Descriptive statistics, including number, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were calculated. The total amount of FV consumed across all meals was compared to the recommended daily intake of ≥400 grams. The prevalence rate of FV consumption was also calculated. Results: The prevalence rate of FV consumption in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, was 11.30 per 100,000 people. The highest frequency of FV consumption was 1-3 days/week, reported by 66.93% of participants. Most respondents (61.43%) exhibited excellent knowledge regarding FV consumption. Similarly, the mean score for attitude regarding the health benefits of FV consumption was 3.10±0.18. This study highlights insufficient FV consumption, associated with the high incidence of CCA, in the studied region. To mitigate the risk of CCA, relevant organizations should implement campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of FV consumption through social media communication and other channels.

Exercise and physical activity for people with chronic kidney disease: A national survey of nephrologist practice patterns in Saudi Arabia.

A variety of health benefits are associated with physical activity (PA) in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to examine nephrologist practice patterns concerning exercise and PA in CKD patients. This is an online cross-sectional survey study that was conducted between June 2023 and May 2024 in Saudi Arabia. Nephrology fellow, specialists, and consultants in Saudi Arabia formed the study population. A total of 96 physicians participated in this study. Only 9.4% of renal units have exercise programs available to patients. These programs are available mainly for advanced CKD (pre-dialysis) and in-center hemodialysis patients. The major barriers for initiating or expanding exercise programs at their centers are a lack of motivation/interest from front-line staff (55.2%), lack of interest from management (48.3%), and no funding (47.1). Around 56.2% of respondents ask patients about their level of PA. Additionally, 64.6% give patients specific advice on how to increase their level of PA. For the types of exercise most beneficial for people with CKD, 90.6% recommend walking. Around 34.4% of respondents believe that physiotherapists should take ownership in providing exercise counseling and resources to people with CKD. The majority agreed or strongly agreed to recommend exercise in patients with CKD (76.0%). The mean attitude score for the study participants was 32.1 (standard deviation: 3.9) out of 40 (equal to 80.3%); which demonstrates positive attitude towards recommending exercise for CKD patients. Binary logistic regression analysis identified that there is no statistically significant difference between physicians in term of their attitude towards recommending exercise for CKD patients (P > .05). This study highlights a critical gap in the availability of exercise programs for CKD patients. Key barriers include lack of interest by staff and management and funding issues. In spite of these barriers, a majority of physicians acknowledge the role of exercise in CKD patients and advice regarding PA on a frequent basis. It suggests recommendations in order to expand the programs, including increasing staff motivation, securing management support, and getting funding for exercise programs and identifying the role of physiotherapists in exercise counseling for CKD patients.