The purpose of this study was to determine the time of initial sexual maturity and to calculate the fecundity of two anabantids, the Siamese fightingfish Betta splendens and the threespot gourami Trichogaster trichopterus, under controlled conditions. During the study, water temperature varied from 21°C to 30°C, pH from 7 to 8, and dissolved oxygen from 5.5 to 7.0 mg/L. Sixty-day-old juvenile fish received a prophylactic treatment of brackish-water (15‰) and methylene blue (1%) baths and were fed live cladocerans, Daphnia magna. Later, induced spawning techniques were applied at initial sexual maturity in 110- and 140-d-old fish. Mean absolute fecundity was 2,023 and 8,021 ova, respectively, and mean relative fecundity was 860 and 1,035 eggs/g fish weight. The gonadosomatic index was also calculated. This information should assist ornamental fish producers in predicting the initial maturity and fecundity of these two ornamental fishes.