Mean RC Research Articles

Comparative Evaluation of Vestibular Incision Subperiosteal Tunnel Access (VISTA) Technique With and Without Advanced Platelet Rich Fibrin for Treatment of Maxillary Anterior Gingival Recessions.

Gingival recession is an apical shift of the gingival margin with exposure of the root surface to the oral cavity which creates an aesthetic problem. The present study was attempted to compare Vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) with and without Advanced platelet rich fibrin(A-PRF) in the treatment of Miller's class I gingival recessions. 24 patients were assigned randomly either to test (VISTA with A-PRF) or control (VISTA alone) group. Clinical parameters like recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), clinical attachment loss (CAL), width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), gingival thickness (GT) and probing depth (PD) were recorded at baseline,3 and 6 months post operatively. Inter group comparison of mean RC in mm, %RC, ΔWKG and CAG revealed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Change in GT showed statistically significant improvement in test group. Within the limitations of this study, both treatment options (VISTA with A-PRF and VISTA alone) have resulted in predictable and comparable root coverage with increased gingival thickness in the test group.

Heart Status Regarding Opium and Psychotropics Use in Corpses Referred to Birjand Legal Medicine Center from 2011 to 2018

Background: Coronary artery disease has recently increased from 20 to 45%. Previous studies emphasize a wide range of risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis. The role of inflammatory factors has been proven in the development of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Drugs are effective in coronary artery atherosclerosis by stimulating inflammatory factors. Objectives: This study evaluated the heart status regarding the history of drug and psychotropics use in corpses referred to Birjand Legal Medicine Center from 2011 to 2018. Materiald and Methods: In this case-control study, corpses referred to forensic medicine with a history of substance abuse (case group) and no history of substance abuse (control group) were selected. The data included pathological and toxicological autopsy results. Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: Of 193 corpses, 126 were in the case group and 67 in the control group. The mean age was 41.82 ± 16.84. The Mann-Whitney test showed that heart weight was significantly higher in cases than in controls (P = 0.018). Mean heart dimensions in the case and control groups were 13 × 10 × 7 and 13 × 9 × 6, respectively, with a significant difference in one dimension (P = 0.014). Coronary artery stenosis results showed mean RC = 52.49, LC = 55.97, CX = 61.84, and LAD = 69.90. There was no significant positive correlation between drug abuse and atherosclerosis (r = 0.119, P = 0.09). Also, a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis was seen in males. Conclusions: Drug use can be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in people with substance abuse by changing the physical characteristics of the heart. Further studies must investigate the effect of drug use on coronary artery disease development and the factors intensifying these effects.

Influence of ternion of soft tissue attributes on gingival recession and root coverage outcome – A retrospective analysis

The independent influence of Keratinized Tissue Width (KTW) and Gingival Biotype (GB) on root coverage outcomes have been reported over the years. These parameters along with Recession Depth (RD) might act as a triad and assessing this ternion would be beneficial in determining prognosis and devising treatment plan for gingival recession. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to evaluate a possible association between KTW, GB and RD and their influence on Gingival Recession and root coverage outcome.45 isolated gingival recession defects were assessed for KTW (<2mm, >2mm), GB (thin vs thick) and RD (1-4mm). Primary outcome was to establish an association between the above-mentioned parameters. Secondary outcome was to find the percentage Root Coverage (%RC) obtained after coronally advanced flap procedure. To evaluate the relationship of KTW vs GB, GB vs RD and KTW vs RD, chi-square test was used. To analyse the intra-parametric correlation and the association between all three parameters, Pearson correlation test and ANOVA were carried out respectively.The Chi-square test results revealed a statistically significant association of p<0.03 for the relationship of KTW vs GB and GB vs RD and p<0.001 for KTW vs RD. Pearson correlation test showed a positive correlation between KTW and GB (.320), negative correlation between GB and RD (-.046), and KTW and RD (-.136). ANOVA showed a p-value of 0.041 inferring that any change in KTW and GB significantly influenced RD. Sites with <2mm KTW, thin GB and deeper RD, which can be referred to as negative ternion, exhibited 43.8% mean RC while sites with >2mm KTW, thick GB and shallow RD, which can be referred to as positive ternion had 94.7% mean RC. There is a definitive association between Keratinized Tissue Width, Gingival Biotype and Recession Depth. A ternion of these parameters greatly influences the outcome of root coverage procedures.

Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Connective Tissue Graft for Treating Marginal Tissue Recessions: A Randomized, Controlled Split-Mouth Study.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and connective tissue graft (CTG) in treating marginal tissue recessions. Fifteen patients with isolated bilateral maxillary gingival recessions were recruited for the study, with 30 defects. The defects were classified as Miller's class I/II gingival recession on the canine or premolar region. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, each receiving one of the two treatment techniques (A-PRF or CTG) on a different side of the maxilla in a split-mouth design. Clinical parameters such as recession height (RH), recession width (RW), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), a width of attached gingiva (WAG), and keratinized tissue height (KTH) were evaluated at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Changes in biotype, Recession Esthetic Score (RES), and Visual Analogue Score-Esthetics (VAS-E) were also evaluated at 6 months. Ethics approval number (Helsinki): PHRC/HC/877/21 and registered at the Clinical Trials Registry under the number NCT05267015 Results:At the end of 6 months, there was a statistically significant reduction in RH and RW in both groups, with the mean RC% of 69.2±22.91, and 88.66±33.18 in Groups I and II, respectively. Intergroup analysis showed statistically significant differences in recession parameters between groups at 3 and 6 months, with better outcomes for the CTG group. This study demonstrates that A-PRF and CTG effectively manage gingival recession defects. However, CTG resulted in better clinical outcomes in terms of reduction in recession height and width.

Using phosphate amendments to reduce bioaccessible Pb in contaminated soils: A meta-analysis.

Measuring the reduction of in vitro bioaccessible (IVBA) Pb from the addition of phosphate amendments has been researched for more than 20 years. A range of effects have been observed from increases in IVBA Pb to almost 100% reduction. This study determined the mean change in IVBA Pb as a fraction of total Pb (AC) and relative to the IVBA Pb of the control soil (RC) with a random effects meta-analysis. Forty-four studies that investigated the ability of inorganic phosphate amendments to reduce IVBA Pb were identified through 5 databases. These studies were split into 3 groups: primary, secondary, and EPA Method 1340 based on selection criteria, with the primary group being utilized for subgroup analysis and meta-regression. The mean AC was approximately -12% and mean RC was approximately -25% for the primary and secondary groups. For the EPA Method 1340 group, the mean AC was -5% and mean RC was -8%. The results of subgroup analysis identified the phosphorous amendment applied and contamination source as having a significant effect on the AC and RC. Soluble amendments reduce bioaccessible Pb more than insoluble amendments and phosphoric acid is more effective than other phosphate amendments. Urban Pb contamination associated with legacy Pb-paint and tetraethyl Pb from gasoline showed lower reductions than other sources such as shooting ranges and smelting operations. Meta-regression identified high IVBA Pb in the control, low incubated soil pH, and high total Pb with the greater reductions in AC and RC. In order to facilitate comparisons across future remediation research, a set of minimum reported data should be included in published studies and researchers should use standardized in vitro bioaccessibility methods developed for P-treated soils. Additionally, a shared data repository should be created for soil remediation research to enhance available soil property information and better identify unique materials.

Responses of radial growth of Juniperus przewalskii to different droughts over the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China

To study the responses of radial growth of Juniperus przewalskii to climate factors of the different periods (pre-growing season (February-April), growing season (May-July)), and the vulnerability (resistance, RT; recovery, RC) of J. przewalskii to different drought events (precipitation, temperature and the both caused), we used tree ring width data of J. przewalskii from 17 sampling sites across the northeastern Tibetan Plateau to analyze the correlation between radial growth and climate factors of different periods, and the vulnerability in different drought events. The results showed that radial growth of J. przewalskii had significant positive correlation with drought index and negative correlation with temperature in the growing season (P<0.1). The vulnerability of J. przewalskii to drought events of different periods had significant difference. In the pre-growing season drought events, the RT of J. przewalskii at low altitude was 2.3% higher than that at high altitude, the RC of J. przewalskii at low altitude was 25.1% lower than that at high altitude. For drought events in the growing season, the RT of J. przewalskii at low altitude was 23.7% lower than that at high altitude, the RC of J. przewalskii at low altitude was 107.1% higher than that at high altitude. The mean RC(1.68) of J. przewalskii in precipitation-caused drought events was strong, while the mean RT(1.43) of J. przewalskii in temperature-caused drought events was strong. The growth of J. przewalskii, especially for that at low altitude, would be largely limited by drought caused by global warming in the future.

3D Reconstruction of a Unitary Posterior Eye by Converging Optically Corrected Optical Coherence and Magnetic Resonance Tomography Images via 3D CAD.

PurposeIn acquiring images of the posterior eye, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides low spatial resolution of the overall shape of the eye while optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers high spatial resolution of the limited range. Through the merger of the two devices, we attempted to acquire detailed anatomy of the posterior eye.MethodsOptical and display distortions in OCT images were corrected using the Listing reduced eye model. The 3.0T orbital MRI images were placed on the three-dimensional coordinate system of the computer-aided design (CAD) program. Employing anterior scleral canal opening, visual axis, and scleral curvature as references, original and corrected OCT images were ported into the CAD application. The radii of curvature of the choroid–scleral interfaces (Rc values) of all original and corrected OCT images were compared to the MRI images.ResultsSixty-five eyes of 33 participants (45.58 ± 19.82 years) with a mean Rc of 12.94 ± 1.24 mm on axial MRI and 13.66 ± 2.81 mm on sagittal MRI were included. The uncorrected horizontal OCT (30.51 ± 9.34 mm) and the uncorrected vertical OCT (34.35 ± 18.09 mm) lengths differed significantly from the MRI Rc values (both P < 0.001). However, the mean Rc values of the corrected horizontal (12.50 ± 1.21 mm) and vertical (13.05 ± 1.98 mm) images did not differ significantly from the Rc values of the corresponding MRI planes (P = 0.065 and P = 0.198, respectively).ConclusionsFeatures identifiable only on OCT and features only on MRI were successfully integrated into a unitary posterior eye.Translational RelevanceOur CAD-based converging method may establish the collective anatomy of the posterior eye and the neural canal, beyond the range of the OCT.

Useful Parameters in Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography for Identifying Early Response to Chemotherapy in a Rat Liver Tumor Model.

Objectives:The objective of the study is to determine a parameter on the time-intensity curve (TIC) of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US) that best correlates with tumor growth and to evaluate whether the parameter could correlate with the early response to irinotecan in a rat liver tumor model.Material and Methods:Twenty rats with tumors were evaluated (control: Saline, n = 6; treatment: Irinotecan, n = 14) regarding four parameters from TIC: Peak intensity (PI), k value, slope (PI × k), and time to peak (TTP). Relative changes in maximum tumor diameter between day 0 and 10, and parameters in the first 3 days were evaluated. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare differences in tumor size and other parameters. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) between tumor size and parameters in the control group were calculated. In the treatment group, relative changes of parameters in the first 3 days were compared between responder and non-responder (<20% and ≥20% increase in size on day 10, respectively).Results:PI, k value, PI × k, and TTP significantly correlated with tumor growth (r = 0.513, 0.911, 0.665, and 0.741, respectively). The mean RC in k value among responders (n = 6) was significantly lower than non-responders (n = 8) (mean k value, 4.96 vs. 72.5; P = 0.003).Conclusion:Parameters of DCE-US could be a useful parameter for identifying early response to irinotecan.

Spatial and temporal variability of event runoff characteristics in a small agricultural catchment

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to investigate the factors that control event runoff characteristics at the small catchment scale. The study area is the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, Lower Austria. Event runoff coefficient (Rc), recession time constant (Tc) and peak discharge (Qp) are estimated from hourly discharge and precipitation data for 298 events in the period 2013–2015. The results show that the Rc and their variability tend to be largest for the tile drainages (mean Rc = 0.09) and the main outlet (mean Rc = 0.08) showing larger Rc in January/February and smaller Rc in July/August. Tc does not vary much between the systems and tends to be largest at the main outlet (mean Tc = 6.5 h) and smallest for the tile drainages (mean Tc = 4.5 h). Groundwater levels explain the temporal variability of Rc and Tc more than soil moisture or precipitation, suggesting a role of shallow flow paths.

Tracking progress towards malaria elimination in China: Individual-level estimates of transmission and its spatiotemporal variation using a diffusion network approach.

In order to monitor progress towards malaria elimination, it is crucial to be able to measure changes in spatio-temporal transmission. However, common metrics of malaria transmission such as parasite prevalence are under powered in elimination contexts. China has achieved major reductions in malaria incidence and is on track to eliminate, having reporting zero locally-acquired malaria cases in 2017 and 2018. Understanding the spatio-temporal pattern underlying this decline, especially the relationship between locally-acquired and imported cases, can inform efforts to maintain elimination and prevent re-emergence. This is particularly pertinent in Yunnan province, where the potential for local transmission is highest. Using a geo-located individual-level dataset of cases recorded in Yunnan province between 2011 and 2016, we introduce a novel Bayesian framework to model a latent diffusion process and estimate the joint likelihood of transmission between cases and the number of cases with unobserved sources of infection. This is used to estimate the case reproduction number, Rc. We use these estimates within spatio-temporal geostatistical models to map how transmission varied over time and space, estimate the timeline to elimination and the risk of resurgence. We estimate the mean Rc between 2011 and 2016 to be 0.171 (95% CI = 0.165, 0.178) for P. vivax cases and 0.089 (95% CI = 0.076, 0.103) for P. falciparum cases. From 2014 onwards, no cases were estimated to have a Rc value above one. An unobserved source of infection was estimated to be moderately likely (p>0.5) for 19/ 611 cases and high (p>0.8) for 2 cases, suggesting very high levels of case ascertainment. Our estimates suggest that, maintaining current intervention efforts, Yunnan is unlikely to experience sustained local transmission up to 2020. However, even with a mean of 0.005 projected up to 2020, locally-acquired cases are possible due to high levels of importation.

Treatment of miller type I and II gingival recession defects using three-dimensional porcine collagen matrix with coronally advanced flap: A randomized clinical split-mouth trial (a 1-year follow-up)

The main goal of periodontal plastic surgery is obtaining complete root coverage (CRC) and an optimal appearance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a three-dimensional porcine collagen matrix (PCM) with coronally advanced flap (CAF) in treating of Miller type I and II gingival recession (GR). Twenty patients were enrolled in this study, presenting 40 Miller type I and II GR. Patients were randomized into test group (PCM + CAF) and control group [connective tissue graft (CTG + CAF)]. Clinical parameters such as recession depth (RD), probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), and width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) were evaluated at baseline and 12 months later. Root coverage percentage (RC%) and CRC were assessed at 12 months post surgically. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test for intergroup comparison. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. The mean RD at 12 months was 0.20 mm for the test group and 0.12 mm for the control group, whereas the mean RC% was 94.22% for PCM + CAF and 96.48% for CTG + CAF. CRC was higher in CTG + CAF with 80%. CAL gain was 2.05 and 2.07 mm in the test and control sites, respectively. The gain of WKG was 1.35 and 1.30 mm in the test and control sites, respectively. Patient esthetic satisfaction at 12 months post surgically in both groups was equivalent. Within the limits of this study, using of PCM + CAF in treating GR is a successful and effective treatment option and could serve as an alternative to CTGs.

Evaluation of Platelet Rich Fibrin in the Management of Gingival Recession Type I/II by Miller: A Randomized Clinical Split Mouth Study

Introduction: The ultimate goal of mucogingival plastic surgery is to obtain complete root coverage and an optimal appearance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) with coronally advanced flap (CAF) compared to connective tissue graft (CTG) with CAF in the treatment of gingival recession (GR). Material and Methods: A total of 20 patients were included in this randomized clinical study, presenting 40 GR Miller type I/II. The GR sides of patients were assigned randomly into test group (PRF + CAF) and control group (CTG + CAF). Clinical parameters, such as GR, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), were evaluated at baseline and 12 months later. Root coverage (RC %) and complete root coverage (CRC %) were assessed at 12 months post surgically. Statistical analysis was performed using paired, independent t-test and Mann–Whitney U test. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: At 12 months the mean (SD) GR was 0.20 ± 0.50 mm for test group and 0.05 ± 0.15 mm for control group, whereas the mean RC% was 95.32 ± 11.92 for PRF + CAF and 98.61 ± 4.37 for CTG + CAF. CRC was obtained in CTG + CAF with 90% and with 80% in PRF + CAF. CAL gain was 2.80 ± 0.28 mm and 2.49 ± 0.55 mm in test and control sites, respectively. The gain of WKG was 1.31 ± 0.45 mm and 1.85 ± 0.25 mm in test and control sites, respectively. All the values were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: Using of PRF + CAF in the treatment of GR is a successful and effective treatment option and could serve as an alternative to CTGs.

Clinical Efficacy of Bioactive Glass in Combination with Platelet Rich Fibrin in Management of Gingival Recession Defects: A Prospective Comparative Study

Background: Various biomaterials have been employed along with Coronally advanced flap (CAF) in root coverage procedures. The combined efficacy of bioactive glass and Platelet rich fibrin in management of gingival recession needs to be evaluated. Aim: The aim of the present study was to clinically evaluate the efficacy of bioactive glass putty, platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and a combination of both in management of maxillary gingival recession defects. Materials and methods: 31 patients with 60 Millers class I/II recession defects were treated with one of the following interventions; GROUP I: CAF alone, GROUP II, III and IV: CAF+Bioactive glass, CAF+PRF,CAF+ Bioactive glass+PRF respectively Clinical parameters such as recession height (RH), recession width (RW), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), width of attached gingiva (WAG),keratinized tissue height (KTH) were evaluated at baseline for 6 months. Mean root coverage (RC%), changes in biotype, RES and VAS aesthetic scores evaluated at the end of 6 months intervals. Results: RH and RW showed statistically significant reduction from baseline to 6 months in all the groups (p ≤ 0.05). At the end of 6 months, the mean RC% was 61.0% ± 34.3%, 75.5% ± 25.9%, 67.2% ± 32.8% and 81.7% ± 28.6% in Group I, II, III and IV respectively. Intergroup analysis showed no statistically significant difference of parameters between groups at any time point. Conclusion: All the therapeutic interventions were effective in management of gingival recession defects. Though, group IV showed greater mRC% when compared to other groups, intergroup analysis failed to show any statistical significance.

Growth and population dynamic of crustacean cirriped Pollicipes pollicipes, in the Moroccan Atlantic Coast

Event Abstract Back to Event Growth and population dynamic of crustacean cirriped Pollicipes pollicipes, in the Moroccan Atlantic Coast Hajar BOURASSI1, 2*, Hakima ZIDANE2, Imane HADDI2, 3, Najib CHAROUKI2 and Ahmed YAHYAOUI1 1 Faculty of science, Mohammed V university, biology, Morocco 2 Institut National de Recherche Halieutique (INRH), Department of fishery, Morocco 3 Faculty of science, University Hassan II, Geology, Morocco The fisheries environment has been subject of increasing pressure of the industrial and human activities, whose effects were quickly felt in many species that are considered as biological indicators of value and information such as some cirripeds crustaceans: Pollicipes pollicipes (Goose barnacle). Those represent important coastal resources for population livelihoods and coastal ecosystems. Yet, they are informally exploited despite several ministerial decrees that regulate their exploitation. Which involves various scientific studies to support the implementation of a development plan. Goose barnacles live on wave-beaten rocky substrates in the intertidal and low-shore zones on the coasts. Those zones are more susceptible to be affected by phenomenon such as temperature increase and the raise of sea level caused by the climate change. Accordingly, considering the current concern for the conservation of the coastal resources, we carried out a monthly monitoring program, within our larger scale study on the population dynamic of P. pollicipes, all along the year 2016-2017: during the harvesting season and biological recovery period, at two exploitable areas: Mansouria and Souiria Kdima. This present work is about the study of population size structure, density and biomass of the different populations. The results obtained show that goose barnacle’s abundance and biomass differs between the seasons and from one site to another due to the biotope features: the density of Mansouria’s population is over 50% higher than Souiria Kdima’s. The results show also that the mean RC size is about 16.78 mm in Mansouria while it’s 15.32 mm in Souiria Kdima. Keywords: Pollicipes pollicipes, density, biomass, Intertidal biodiversity, Growth, Population Dynamics Conference: IMMR'18 | International Meeting on Marine Research 2018, Peniche, Portugal, 5 Jul - 6 Jul, 2018. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Biodiversity, Conservation and Coastal Management Citation: BOURASSI H, ZIDANE H, HADDI I, CHAROUKI N and YAHYAOUI A (2019). Growth and population dynamic of crustacean cirriped Pollicipes pollicipes, in the Moroccan Atlantic Coast. Front. Mar. Sci. Conference Abstract: IMMR'18 | International Meeting on Marine Research 2018. doi: 10.3389/conf.FMARS.2018.06.00070 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 27 Apr 2018; Published Online: 07 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: PhD. Hajar BOURASSI, Faculty of science, Mohammed V university, biology, Rabat, Morocco, Hajar.bourassi@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Hajar BOURASSI Hakima ZIDANE Imane HADDI Najib CHAROUKI Ahmed YAHYAOUI Google Hajar BOURASSI Hakima ZIDANE Imane HADDI Najib CHAROUKI Ahmed YAHYAOUI Google Scholar Hajar BOURASSI Hakima ZIDANE Imane HADDI Najib CHAROUKI Ahmed YAHYAOUI PubMed Hajar BOURASSI Hakima ZIDANE Imane HADDI Najib CHAROUKI Ahmed YAHYAOUI Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Evaluation of Possible Factors That Influence Bowel Cleanliness

Introduction: Bowel cleanliness is one of the most important determinants of the quality of colonoscopic procedures.There are several scales to assess the state of bowel cleanliness.The most commonly used among these is Boston Bowel Preparation Scale(BBPS). Methods: The study included 53 individuals who presented to our endoscopy unit for colonoscopy. All patients cleansed their bowels with Sennoside A+B calcium solutions and sodium dihydrogen phosphate+disodium hydrogen phosphate enemas.Those who did not use their bowel cleansing medications properly, or those who used a different bowel cleansing procedure were excluded from the study.For all patients,colonoscopic procedures were evaluated by the same endoscopist.The study aims to determine the factors that can possibly influence bowel cleanliness,a prerequisite for a good colonoscopic examination,by examining the data obtained from routine practice conditions. Results: Mean age of participants was 45 years.Regarding the age distribution, 54.7% of individuals that underwent colonoscopy were aged between 18-45 years, whereas 45.3% were at or above 46 years old. Regarding distribution of sex, 60.4% of participants were male.Colonoscopy indications were examined under four categories as diarrhea,constipation,colorectal cancer screening and miscellaneous.In 73.6% of the patients,terminal ileum was intubated. Regarding BBPS scores that was used to assess bowel cleanliness, mean total BBPS score was 6.53; mean LC BBPS score was 2.23; mean TC BBPS score was 2.45; and mean RC BBPS score was 1.81. BBPS scores were evaluated in two groups based on patient age as 18-45 years and above 45 years; and accordingly, there was no statistically significant difference between these two age groups regarding bowel cleanliness.Regarding comparison of the sexes, the relationships between BBPS and height, weight, BMI and WC were evaluated with Pearson's correlation analysis; and accordingly, there was no significant association of BBPS score with these parameters (p>0.05) Conclusion: Based on the rationale that a good bowel cleansing is a prerequisite for a good colonoscopic examination, we aimed to evaluate the factors that may possibly influence bowel cleanliness in the present study. We found no statistically significant relationship of bowel cleanliness as assessed with BBPS with age,gender,BMI,WC,presence of accompanying disease,previous colonoscopy experience,gastroscopy performed concurrent with the colonoscopy or colonoscopy indications.

Abstract 17885: Pulmonary Vascular Compliance Predicts Mortality in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Introduction: Novel markers of prognosis in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are needed. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that pulmonary vascular compliance would predict outcome in ARDS, and that higher left heart filling pressure would be associated with increased pulsatile loading of the right ventricle manifested as reduced RC time. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 392 subjects with a complete hemodynamic data set on trial day 0 in the ARDS Network Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial of PA catheter use in ARDS. Pulmonary vascular compliance (Cpa) was calculated as stroke volume divided by PA pulse pressure. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was calculated as mean PA pressure minus pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) divided by cardiac output. The RC time was calculated as the product of PVR and Cpa. Cox proportional hazard modeling and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed with primary outcome of death. Results: The mean age was 50 ± 16 years. Mean PA pressure and PAWP were both elevated (29 ± 8 mmHg and 15 ± 5 mmHg, respectively) as was cardiac output (7.7 ± 2.7 L/m). The mean PVR was 2.1 ± 1.2 Wood units and Cpa 4.6 ± 2.5 ml/mmHg. Mean RC time was 0.47 ± 0.24 seconds (s). With each 5 mmHg increase in PAWP, RC time decreased by 0.06 s (p&lt;0.0001 for slope). There was increased hazard of death per quartile decrease in Cp (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.08-1.52; p = 0.004) and per quartile increase in PVR (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.46; p = 0.02). Adjusted for APACHE III score, there remained a trend towards increased hazard of death per quartile increase in PVR (HR 1.2 95% CI 1.03-1.4, p = 0.02) and per quartile decrease in Cp (HR 1.18 95% CI 1.0-1.4, p = 0.055). Kaplan-Meier survival curves per quartile of Cp are shown in the Figure. Conclusion: Pulmonary vascular compliance predicts mortality in ARDS. Higher wedge pressure is associated with lower RC time in ARDS consistent with increased RV pulsatile loading.

Implications of land use change on runoff generation at the plot scale in the humid tropics of Costa Rica

Recent land use changes in Central America have involved the abandonment of marginal farmland activities, the regeneration of secondary forest and the spread of high return crops such as oil palm plantations. The potential impacts of land use change on overland flow are evaluated using data from Tinoco Experimental Catchment (South Pacific Costa Rica). Our main hypothesis is that secondary forest overland flow is lower than the one generated under the other land cover types. For this purpose, runoff responses at plot scale are analyzed for different land uses: secondary forests, forest plantations, oil palm plantations and grasslands. Runoff plots were situated over former grasslands, abandoned 8–15years prior to plot settlement. Measurements were conducted at two complementary spatial scales i) the plot (150m2) under natural precipitation and ii) rainfall simulation on microplots (0.0625m2). The combination of natural and simulated rain runoff response measurements provides a more accurate picture of the overland flow generation in the study site. Secondary forest shows a significantly lower runoff response than grassland and oil palm plantations, although there are no significant differences among the plots in variables such as saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). The oil palm plantation plot presented the highest runoff coefficient (mean RC=32.6%), twice that measured under grasslands (mean RC=15.3%) and 20-fold greater than in secondary forest (mean RC=1.7%). The runoff plots part of the Tinoco Experimental Catchment provide valuable data and coefficients for evaluating the influence on overland flow of secondary forest recovery and oil palm plantation expansion over hillsides, contributing to a better understanding of the effects of land cover dynamics on water resources in the humid tropics.

Basic properties of Fermi blazars and the ‘blazar sequence’

By statistically analysing a large sample that includes Fermi-detected blazars (FBs) and non-Fermi-detected blazars (NFBs), we find that there are significant differences between FBs and NFBs in redshift, black hole mass, jet kinetic power from cavity power, broad-line luminosity and the ratio of core luminosity to absolute V-band magnitude (Rv), but not in the ratio of the radio core to extended flux (Rc) and the Eddington ratio. Compared with NFBs, FBs have larger mean jet power, Rc and Rv, while having smaller mean redshift, black hole mass and broad-line luminosity. These results support the fact that the beaming effect is the main reason for differences between FBs and NFBs, and that FBs are likely to have a more powerful jet. For both FBs and NFBs, there are significant correlations between the jet power and the accretion rate (traced by the broad-emission line luminosity), and between the jet power and the black hole mass. For FBs, the black hole mass does not have a significant influence on jet power, while for NFBs, both the accretion rate and black hole mass contribute to the jet power. Our results support the ‘blazar sequence’ and show that the synchrotron peak frequency (νpeak) is associated with the accretion rate but not with the black hole mass.

Supramolecular organization of photosynthetic membrane proteins in the chlorosome-containing bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus.

The arrangement of core antenna complexes (B808-866-RC) in the cytoplasmic membrane of filamentous phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus was studied by electron microscopy in cultures from different light conditions. A typical nearest-neighbor center-to-center distance of~18nm was found, implying less protein crowding compared to membranes of purple bacteria. A mean RC:chlorosome ratio of 11 was estimated for the occupancy of the membrane directly underneath each chlorosome, based on analysis of chlorosome dimensions and core complex distribution. Also presented are results of single-particle analysis of core complexes embedded in the native membrane.

Effects of Water Vapor Density on Cutaneous Resistance to Evaporative Water Loss and Body Temperature in Green Tree Frogs (Hyla cinerea)

Increased cutaneous resistance to evaporative water loss (Rc) in tree frogs results in decreased water loss rate and increased body temperature. We examined sensitivity of Rc to water vapor density (WVD) in Hyla cinerea by exposing individual frogs and agar models to four different WVD environments and measuring cutaneous evaporative water loss rate and body temperature simultaneously using a gravimetric wind tunnel measuring system. We found that water loss rate varied inversely and body temperature directly with WVD but that models were affected to a greater extent than were animals. Mean Rc was significantly different between the highest WVD environment and each of the three drier environments but did not differ among the drier environments, indicating that Rc initially increases and then reaches a plateau in response to decreasing WVD. Rc was equivalent when calculated using either WVD difference or WVD deficit as the driving force for evaporation. We also directly observed secretions from cutaneous glands while measuring body temperature and tested secretions and skin samples for the presence of lipids. We found that irregular transient body temperature depressions observed during wind tunnel trials occur due to evaporative cooling from intermittent skin secretions containing lipids, although we were unable to identify lipid-secreting glands.