Means Of Transport Research Articles

Invasion of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea by a Large Benthic Foraminifer in the Little Ice Age

The larger benthic foraminifera is a group of marine protists harbouring symbiotic algae, that are geographically confined to shallow tropical and subtropical waters, often associated with coral reefs. The resulting controls on availability of habitat and rates of dispersion make these foraminifers, particularly the genus Amphistegina, useful proxies in the study of invasive marine biota, transported through hull fouling and ballast water contamination in modern commercial shipping. However, there is limited information on the importance of these dispersal mechanisms for foraminifers in the Pre-Industrial Era (pre-1850) for the Atlantic and Caribbean region. This paper examines possible constraints and vectors controlling the invasion of warm-water taxa from the Indo-Pacific region to the Atlantic and Caribbean region. Heterostegina depressa, first described from St. Helena, a remote island in the South Atlantic, provides a test case. The paper postulates that invasions through natural range expansion or ocean currents were unlikely along the possible available routes and hypothesises that anthropogenic vectors, particularly sailing ships, were the most likely means of transport. It concludes that the invasion of the Atlantic by H. depressa was accomplished within the Little Ice Age (1350–1850 C.E.), during the period between the start of Portuguese marine trade with east Africa in 1497 and the first description of H. depressa in 1826. This hypothesis is likely applicable to other foraminifers and other biota currently resident in the Atlantic and Caribbean region. The model presented provides well-defined parameters that can be tested using methods such as isotopic dating of foraminiferal assemblages in cores and genetic indices of similarity of geographic populations.

Methodological aspects of the formation and implementation of management strategy

Under consideration advantages and disadvantages use of control systems movement unmanned transport means of transportation passengers and cargo: via infrared (IR) channel; via radio channel; using DTMF; using Bluetooth. Under consideration Creation autonomous systems UAS control. As control unit for a robotic vehicle is being considered controller Arduino. Modeling is produced for the robot on the basis four-wheeled all-wheel drive chassis. Considered schemes management movement of UAS, their installation, as well as sketches that can be used for control unmanned transport means.

Monitoring of Traffic Flow Parameters Using Geospatial Technology for Effective Traffic Management around Maiduguri Central Business District

Abstract: The ever-increasing traffic flow has become one of the most critical challenges faced by municipalities and governments worldwide. This paper intends to ascertain the traffic flow parameters using geospatial technology for effective traffic management around the Central Business District (CBD) in Maiduguri to provide solutions to the menace of traffic congestion. Data were obtained from primary and secondary sources. The primary data were obtained from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Global Positioning System (GPS). UAVs were utilized to record (videography) the traffic flow of the chosen traffic corridors during the peak hours (morning, 7:00 to 9:00 am and evening, 4:00 to 6:00 pm). The classification of the vehicles and conversion to a common standard format was done in Microsoft Excel before being carried forward for GIS Operations in ArcGIS 10.7 Environment to achieve geospatial spatial analysis and mapping of the field data. The results show that Tricycles dominated the traffic during the peak periods, followed by Cars. This indicates that the Tricycle has been the overriding and preferred means of public transport in Maiduguri since 2009 after the ban placed on motorcycles. The also reveals that no matter the direction of movement in all the approach arms, Tricycles override all other means of transportation. The results also show that all the Trio Intersections were observed to have high traffic volume on all their trajectory arms, with only the Tabacco intersection having medium traffic volume during the morning peak period. Given the above findings, the study recommended that the Government to consider the construction of a flyover, particularly at the post office intersection.

Analysis of Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Community Access to Public Health Services in Rural Areas

This study aims to analyze socioeconomic factors that affect rural communities ' access to public health services. The study used quantitative descriptive design with cross-sectional approach. The Data was collected through questionnaires from 190 respondents randomly selected from several villages. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression to evaluate the relationship between family income, education level, employment status, and infrastructure access to health care access. The results showed that socioeconomic factors, such as family income, education level, and employment status, have a significant influence on the ability of rural communities to access health facilities. In addition, the distance to health facilities and the limited means of transport are the main barriers, creating access inequalities between people in rural and urban areas. The study recommends improving health infrastructure, health education programs, as well as subsidy policies to help low-income communities. The findings provide important insights for governments and relevant agencies to design inclusive and sustainable policies to improve the quality of health services in rural areas.

Economic consequences of the phenomenon of uberization on the example of the services of selected carriers in the transport industry

Uberization is a process, phenomenon, trend, and direction that emerged in the 21st century economy thanks to Uber Technologies, Inc., which was the first to introduce a mobile application that connects drivers and passengers. Although the name of the trend was not formalized by the Uber corporation, it appeared a few years later to describe certain dependencies that emerged in the economy and that gained importance not only in the field of transportation services, but also in the field of finance, in the labor market, or in relation to the real estate market. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of the progressive phenomenon of uberization on the competitiveness of the transportation industry in the pre-pandemic period and in the post-pandemic period. The study assumed the hypothesis that carpooling services, which are one of the important models of uberization, implemented in Poland through the BlaBlaCar app, can be a significant competitor to transportation services provided through traditional forms and models of communication, i.e., train and bus connections. The results of the study showed that BlaBlaCar services are a cheaper alternative to other means of transportation, i.e., public transport (Polskie Koleje Państwowe, PKP Intercity) and bus connections, although not always. As a rule, their competitiveness is higher for those routes and trips where there are many drivers offering free space in the car. On the other hand, on the routes less frequently visited by BlaBlaCar drivers, fares with a BlaBlaCar driver are higher than rail and bus fares. The considerations of the article meet the objectives of the cognitive goal and the application goal and showed that uberization in the transport industry is a significant phenomenon that is still developing and, in the future, may threaten traditional forms of transport, i.e., rail and bus travel.

Simplified Machine Learning Model as an Intelligent Support for Safe Urban Cycling

Urban cycling is a sustainable mode of transportation in large cities, and it offers many advantages. It is an eco-friendly means of transport that is accessible to the population and easy to use. Additionally, it is more economical than other means of transportation. Urban cycling is beneficial for physical health and mental well-being. Achieving sustainable mobility and the evolution towards smart cities demands a comprehensive analysis of all the essential aspects that enable their inclusion. Road safety is particularly important, which must be prioritized to ensure safe transportation and reduce the incidence of road accidents. In order to help reduce the number of accidents that urban cyclists are involved in, this work proposes an alternative solution in the form of an intelligent computational assistant that utilizes simplified machine learning (SML) to detect potential risks of unexpected collisions. This technological approach serves as a helpful alternative to the current problem. Through our methodology, we were able to identify the problem involved in the research, design, and development of the solution proposal; collect and analyze data; and obtain preliminary results. These results experimentally demonstrate how the proposed model outperforms most state-of-the-art models that use a metric learning layer for small image sets.

P-2088. Correlation of pediatric blood culture transport time and time-to-positivity since microbiology service centralization

Abstract Background Guidance from Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) both recommend that transport of blood culture specimens from collection to laboratory accession should take less than 2 hours to preserve the specimen quality, such as positivity rate and time-to-positivity (TTP). This recommendation could be impractical in Canada as many diagnostic microbiology laboratories are moving towards centralization, in which microbiology services are relocated from individual laboratories to regional sites, where resources and personnel are consolidated. This is especially crucial for the pediatric population as different published guidelines are available on the required pediatric blood culture volume, which could affect their positivity rate and TTP. Methods The current study investigated the blood culture transport time and TTP for Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), a tertiary pediatric hospital, situated about 700 meters away from Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association (EORLA) microbiology laboratory, which has consolidated the microbiology services for 18 hospitals in Eastern Ontario since 2010’s. All first positive blood cultures from patients at CHEO from 1 November 2019 to 31 October 2020 were included. TTP was defined as the time from collection to a positive signal from the automated incubators. Two-tailed Spearman’s correlation was used to determine the association between transport time and TTP. Results A mean transport time of 2.95 hours and a mean TTP of 31.8 hours were calculated from the 268 episodes of first positive blood culture from patients in a year (mean patient age 6.27 years). Only 82 specimens were transported to the laboratory in less than 2 hours. A weak but statistically significant correlation (rs = 0.17, p = 0.0047.) was observed between transport time and TTP. Conclusion Even for a hospital within walking distance of a regional microbiology laboratory, the blood culture transport time was unable to meet the guidance recommendation, associated with delay in TTP. Centralization of microbiology services could affect the quality of critical clinical specimens. Remedial actions, such as molecular testing, could be considered to salvage specimens if they are crucial for diagnoses. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Design and Fabrication of Low-Cost Portable Electric Scooters for Last Mile Connectivity

In metropolitan cities every day, thousands of people commute from one place to another using uncomfortable and polluting means of transport. Literature survey shows there are many varieties of E-scooters available in the market that are either bulky, nonmodular or expensive. Hence the objective is to fabricate a low-cost portable E-scooter that overcomes problems like pollution, range, portability and maneuverability. To fulfil these objectives, project work is initially undertaken with Fine Element Analysis (FEA) of Frame design to withstand all loading conditions. To reduce the cost of fabrication, the design for strength concept is incorporated with the assistance of machine design, vehicle dynamics and electric power train calculations. The present model is 1.27m in height and 0.657m in width considering the anthropometric profile for comfort requirements. The final model consists of many parts mainly, the Direct Current (DC) motor, controller unit, Li-ion battery pack and others. After the fabrication and electric work, the model is tested for manoeuvrability, stability and other ergonomic requirements. It is observed that models can sustain a 120Kg load for a 9km range on fully charged battery condition. Finally, the project satisfies 90% of the design calculations which include, braking distance, acceleration, top speed and gross weight. It is concluded that using design for strength concept, FEA and ergonomic consideration, it is quite possible to fabricate an E-scooter at 50% total cost of the market price.

Planning an airport shuttle network with air taxis using choice-based optimization

Abstract Airports and airlines share a common interest in providing passengers with fast and convenient access to airports. With the introduction of air taxis as a new means of transport, the opportunity will soon emerge to introduce air taxi shuttle services to airports. In this context, for each individual airport the question arises where the facilities for landing, ground handling and take-off, also called vertiports, should be located in the area surrounding the airport. We formulate the problem as a hub location problem with multiple allocation, with the objective to maximize the number of passengers who choose to reach the airport by air taxi. In our model, we explicitly incorporate passengers’ choice behavior with respect to available means of transport using a multinomial logit model. We linearize the problem and provide guidance on the steps needed to use the model in practice. In an extensive case study, we apply the model to real data for Munich Airport, perform a stated preference study to parameterize the multinomial logit model, suggest locations for vertiports throughout Bavaria as a result, and investigate to what extent the introduction of air taxi shuttle flights can reduce travel times to Munich Airport.

Cost and Its Determinants of Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the North West Region of Cameroon: Quantile Regression Analysis

<i>Background:</i> Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is, particularly, known to require continuous clinical care and management that consumes significant healthcare resources. As a result, most people living with type 2 Diabetes in Cameroon, are prone to suffer from financial hardship. This research seeks to estimate the direct cost and its determinants of treating T2DM in the Northwest of Cameroon. <I>METHOD:</I> A cost of illness using a cross-sectional research design study was conducted in 13 facilities in Cameroon’s Northwest region during a 4-month field survey. Data was obtained with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire administered by trained nurses. Summary statistics were computed to understand the socio-demographic characteristics of participants, and the various elements of treatment costs of type 2 diabetes. The direct cost of treating type 2 diabetes was computed by summing all the diabetes-attributable resource utilization costs incurred by the patient The determinants for treating T2DM were investigated using an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and a quantile regression analysis. <I>RESULTS: </I>According to the findings, the average cost of treating type 2 diabetes among patients in the Northwest region of Cameroon, was 36,235 FCFA ($60) monthly or 424,000 FCFA ($720) yearly. The determinants were; the type of facility which was significant for the 10<sup>th</sup> and 25<sup>th</sup> quintiles, and age influence cost across the various models and quantiles, the study also revealed the effect of age on the cost increase from the lower to the higher quintile. The level of education influenced the direct cost and this was significant from the 50<sup>th</sup> quintile to the 90<sup>th</sup> quintile with higher levels of education leading to higher costs. Other factors included the household head, frequency of check-up visits to the facility, self-care management, and means of transportation. Gender and marital status influence cost but not across the quintiles. <I>CONCLUSION:</I> The studies revealed that T2DM places a significant cost burden on the patient and their household with determinants being the type of facility where care is sorted, age, level of education, and means of transport. Increased financial resources are required to provide T2DM patients with effective services in the Northwest region of Cameroon. A sincere call is sent to health decision-makers to give more importance to including diabetes care in the package of universal health coverage soonest.

Transportation Mode Selection Using Reinforcement Learning in Simulation of Urban Mobility

Transportation mode selection is pivotal for navigating through cities plagued by heavy traffic congestion. This plays a crucial role in ensuring the efficient utilization of time and resources to achieve the desired objectives. Given the complex dynamics of urban mobility, strategically selecting a transportation mode can significantly mitigate delays and enhance overall productivity in densely populated areas. The objective of this study is to find the most efficient result among various transportation modes to make deliveries from different points on a university campus. To solve this problem, reinforcement learning was used and tested on the simulation environment SUMO. Traffic density was increased by using an equal number of different transportation modes, such as driving, cycling, motorbiking, and walking. Various traffic densities were generated, and different reward models were applied to select the best means of transportation. Various probability distributions were used as reward models to avoid the unfair distribution caused by how near or how far the road is when moving from random points to the destination region. As a result of the models created using the applied reward–penalty functions, it was determined that the best means of transportation in areas with a low traffic density is cycling, and in areas with high traffic density, the optimal mode of transportation is motorbiking.

Navigation System of Electric Car with Faster R-CNN for Pediatric Patient Transportation

The use of electric cars as a means of transportation for pediatric patients has the main purpose of having a positive effect on the psychology of pediatric patients before surgery. Therefore, it is expected to accelerate the healing process. An electric car navigation system that can recognize the environment is needed. This article aims to develop a camera-based semi-autonomous navigation system using the faster R-CNN method to detect markers as electric car direction. This method optimizes the range of interest (RoI) layer to produce optimal features. Faster R-CNN is faster in generating accurate region proposals compared to R-CNN and Fast R-CNN. Various Faster R-CNN models were tested in image data processing for marker detection as the electric car steering system. Test results on FPS variations show that the best results were obtained when using the Faster R-CNN MobileNet V3 Large 320 FPN model with a value of 11.3f ps for the forward marker, 18.9 fps for the stop marker, 22.6 fps for the left turn marker and 11.1 fps for the right turn marker. With this model, the results obtained are quite good in testing the performance of the car navigation system. The results obtained in the success of the test are 70% for the forward marker test, 100% for the stop marker test, 90% for the left turn marker and 100% for the right turn marker.

Intermodal practices between land transport and the hub of Lomé airport in Togo

All air travellers in Togo pass through Gnassingbé Eyadéma International Airport (AIGE: Aéroport International Gnassingbé Eyadema) of Lomé. To get in or out of the airport, they must use other means of land transport as part of an intermodal approach. The urban transport system in Lomé is disjointed, with no interconnection between the land transport hubs and the airport hub, making it extremely difficult for users to get to and from AIGE. It is true that there is a public transport service called SOTRAL, but it does not serve the airport, while the use of artisanal transports to access the airport is prohibited or very restricted. The aim of this study is to analyse intermodal practices between land and air transport in Great Lomé District. The methodological approach used is based on surveys of passengers at bus stations and AIGE, interviews with transport stakeholders, counts of feeder and distribution modes, and observation of practices in the field. The study shows that in the absence of a specific transport service to serve the main multimodal hubs such as the airport, travelers are bound to use their own means of transport or hire very expensive artisanal transports or private vehicles to get to the airport. To leave the airport, travelers make more use of the airport’s VIP private taxis (32%), which are very expensive on arrival. Those who do not want to hire the airport’s expensive private taxis are forced to walk 300 m with their parcels to pick up a city taxi at the side of the road.

Analisis Kerusakan Pada Crane Kapal Km. Sabuk Nusantara 110

Ships are a means of transportation for transporting people or goods that move in waters that have the best local routes between islands or internationally between countries. Ships have a vital role in the smooth running of the world economy, which functions to distribute goods using waterways for developed and developing countries. This study uses a qualitative method that is presented in descriptive analysis. The results of this study are: 1) Hydraulic oil must be controlled frequently every week; 2) Before turning on the crane, the crane should be pumped first; 3) Give a break for the crane; 4) Always check the hydraulic oil regularly; 5) Well-scheduled maintenance; and 6) Well-planned preventive maintenance.

Pengaruh Harga terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Helm

Motorcycles have become an important part of the daily lives of most Indonesians. By utilizing bicycles as a means of transportation, time and distance constraints can easily be overcome, especially in cities full of traffic jams. On the other hand, motorcycles are vehicles that are at high risk of traffic accidents and provide the least protection for their riders, especially their heads, which are the most valuable human assets. As a result, a good and safe helmet must meet safety and comfort standards. Consumer decisions to buy a helmet can be influenced by price. Price is considered a fundamental factor that can influence a buyer's decision to choose. The results of the study revealed that the price variable significantly influences purchasing decisions. The main objective of this literature study is to analyze and synthesize previous research findings related to the influence of price on helmet purchasing decisions and identify factors that influence helmets on helmet product purchasing decisions. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach.

Skeletal and dental tissue mineralization: The potential role of the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi complex and the endolysosomal and autophagic transport systems.

This paper presents a review of the potential role of the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi complex and intracellular vesicles in mediating events leading to or associated with vertebrate tissue mineralization. The possible importance of these organelles in this process is suggested by observations that calcium ions accumulate in the tubules and lacunae of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. Similar levels of calcium ions (approaching millimolar) are present in vesicles derived from endosomes, lysosomes and autophagosomes. The cellular level of phosphate ions in these organelles is also high (millimolar). While the source of these ions for mineral formation has not been identified, there are sound reasons for considering that they may be liberated from mitochondria during the utilization of ATP for anabolic purposes, perhaps linked to matrix synthesis. Published studies indicate that calcium and phosphate ions or their clusters contained as cargo within the intracellular organelles noted above lead to formation of extracellular mineral. The mineral sequestered in mitochondria has been documented as an amorphous calcium phosphate. The ion-, ion cluster- or mineral- containing vesicles exit the cell in plasma membrane blebs, secretory lysosomes or possibly intraluminal vesicles. Such a cell-regulated process provides a means for the rapid transport of ions or mineral particles to the mineralization front of skeletal and dental tissues. Within the extracellular matrix, the ions or mineral may associate to form larger aggregates and potential mineral nuclei, and they may bind to collagen and other proteins. How cells of hard tissues perform their housekeeping and other biosynthetic functions while transporting the very large volumes of ions required for mineralization of the extracellular matrix is far from clear. Addressing this and related questions raised in this review suggests guidelines for further investigations of the intracellular processes promoting the mineralization of the skeletal and dental tissues.

Road condition assessment to support environmental conservation activities

Abstract Indonesia is a country with extensive forests, it requires awareness to maintain its sustainability. Environmental conservation can be carried out if important infrastructure that supports activities is fulfilled, the infrastructure referred to in this case is the road. Road conditions need to be taken care of to ensure mobility and transportation, but increased transportation means increase pollution. The most pollutant produced by transport is CO2. Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method and International Roughness Index (IRI) method are used to determine the functional condition of the pavement. This research is a case study conducted on two national roads located in the industrial area of the north coast line and connects Batang Regency and Semarang City. The results showed that in 2018, the pavement was in satisfactory condition. while in the following years, the road was in fair condition due to an increase in traffic volume. From the analysis results, the remaining service life at the case study location is 10.7% with a plan life of 20 years, meaning that the remaining service life is still 2 years and 1 month away.

Reasons, benefits and challenges on the road to automated internal transportation

The article discusses the topic of available solutions related to process automation in companies. The focus is on intralogistics solutions, especially in the context of robotization of transport, using the example of automatically controlled vehicles. Industry 5.0, in addition to automation, pays attention to the human factor, stabilization and the environmental aspect, which is a challenge for many companies. Large organizations are automating their processes in an effort to increase flexibility and respond quickly to customer requirements. Wanting to match market requirements will be a particular challenge for small and medium-sized companies. The purpose of this article was to study and describe the case of a manufacturing company that decided to change the means of internal transportation - to automated. The article answers the research questions posed for what reasons companies are interested in intralogistics solutions and what challenges organizations face when implementing such solutions. The paper uses literature analysis and qualitative research in the form of a case study. The benefits to organizations of automating material handling are presented, which can be particularly beneficial information for the small and medium-sized business sector. A qualitative study conducted at a Polish automotive company shows that the implementation of AGV robots has significantly improved the efficiency of internal logistics, reducing the risk of accidents and increasing process systematization. These results confirm the growing interest in automation, which contributes to reducing costs, increasing revenues and meeting environmental requirements.

Strategies to analyze technical efficiency in medical care for patients with a traffic accident involving an uninsured or unidentified vehicle in Colombia, 2018-2022

Means of transportation are a necessity for the economic and social development of a country, but when traffic accidents occur, they generate disability and premature deaths, resulting in reconstructed families that are sometimes dysfunctional due to the grief they are facing, economic losses in the home and the community and expenses to the health and labor system that represent patrimonial detriments; But since it is an acute and unexpected event, one way to remedy it is to have timely, relevant and efficient care that prevents mortality and reduces disability. The objective of this research is to analyze the technical efficiency in the medical care of patients due to traffic accidents involving an uninsured or unidentified vehicle in Colombia during the period 2018-2022 (Salinas-Martínez et al., 2009)(Romano & Choi, 2016) It is an economic evaluation study (Rubio Cebrián y Rubio González, 2012) and it was made through an enveloping analysis of data of the services and technologies provided in the different Health Providing Institutions-IPS (Schuschny, 2007).

Preparation for smart and modernizing transportation: A qualitative exploration of commuters and operators in science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija

The move towards smart and modern transportation systems is crucial to the growth of cities like the Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. Urban residents increasingly expect convenient, punctual, and technologically advanced means of transportation, especially as cities undergo transformational processes. This study investigates the readiness of Science City of Muñoz for a smart and innovative transport system, focusing on the perspectives of both commuters and transportation providers. This research forms part of a broader planning effort to align the city's transportation system with the needs of modern urban environments and sustainable development.