Mean Of Blood Glucose Levels Research Articles

Correlation of Serum Sodium and Potassium With Thiamin Levels in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Introduction Chronic metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus (DM) are becoming a global health concern. According to recent studies, the pathophysiology of DM may involve factors other than traditional glycemic control, such as electrolyte balance and thiamin status. Therefore, this study evaluated the relationship between sodium and potassium and serum thiamin levels in patients with type 1 and type 2 DM. Methods This study was conducted in multiple diabetic outpatient clinics and centers in Karachi, Pakistan, using a non-probability convenience sampling method. The study lasted for approximately six months after the synopsis was approved. A total of 64 patients were selected, 32 of whom each had type 1 and type 2 DM. All patients who were between the ages of 25 and 46 years old and had either type 1 or type 2 DM were included in the study. A Mann-Whitney test and an independent t-test were used to compare the means between the two study groups. Pearson's correlation and chi-square tests were used to determine the variables, correlations, and associations with type 1 and type 2 DM. Results The study findings showed that the distribution of gender among diabetic patients revealed that among males, eight (25.0%) had type 1 DM, and 10 (31.2%) had type 2 DM. Among females, 24 (75.0%) had type 1 DM, and 22 (68.8%) had type 2 DM. Significant correlations were observed in the means of blood glucose levels, such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and serum thiamin levels, among patients with type 1 and type 2 DM (p < 0.001). The HbA1c, FBS, and serum thiamin levels were significantly higher in type 2 DM patients than in type 1 DM patients. Among patients with type 1 DM, sodium levels were not substantially correlated with thiamin levels (p = 0.570, r = 0.104), whereas potassium levels were significantly correlated with thiamin levels (p = 0.005, r = 0.263). Conclusion We conclude that the sodium level was not significantly correlated with serum thiamin status in type 1 and type 2 DM, whereas a low positive correlation was observed between potassium and serum thiamin levels in type 1 DM. However, there was no significant correlation concerning potassium levels in type 2 DM.

Anti-diabetic activity of Mimosa pigra Linn (Fabaceae) methanol leaf extract on alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The leaves of Mimosa pigra have been reported in ethnobotany to be used for the management of the symptoms of diabetes. This study is to investigate the anti-diabetic activity of the methanol extract of the leaves of this plant. The leaves were dried, pulverized and macerated successively in n-hexane, acetone and methanol. The methanol extract (1 g/kg body weight) was evaluated in vivo for anti-diabetic activity using adult male Wistar albino rats. Alloxan (150 mg/kg b.wt.) was used for induction of hyperglycemia, and Metformin (2.5 mg/kg) was used as the standard oral hypoglycemic agent. Blood glucose levels were monitored with a glucometer. The data is presented as Standard deviation (±) of the mean of blood glucose levels (mg/dl), and analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at (p&lt;0.05). The methanol extract of the leaves showed significant percent decrease (p&lt;0.05) in blood glucose levels of 3.80, 7.15 and 10.35 %, at 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively, on Day 1. And from Day 2 to Day 7 there was a continued decrease of 10.75, 16.36, 22.09, 29.06, 33.4 and 36.67 %, respectively, compared to the control. For the same period, the standard drug Metformin demonstrated greater decreases of 24.45, 30.38, 37.37, 40.93, 46.18 and 52.30 %, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids and tannins in the methanol and acetone extracts, while saponins and triterpenes were present in both the hexane and methanol extracts. The presence of these metabolites could be responsible for the observed anti-diabetic activity of this plant.

PS-P11-4: ASSOCIATION OF HOME AND OFFICE SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC HYPERTENSION WITH GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN A GENERAL POPULATION

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of hypertension subtypes with glucose metabolism among the general population. Methods: The study involved 646 residents (mean age: 62.4 years) without treatment for hypertension or a history of diabetes from a rural community, who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test from 1997 to 2019. Hypertension subtypes [normotension (NT), isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and systolic and diastolic hypertension (SDH)] were defined based on home and office systolic and diastolic blood pressure (HBP and OBP, respectively). The estimated means of blood glucose levels during OGTT, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR), Matsuda-DeFronzo index, HOMA-beta and insulinogenic index among the groups were compared by analysis of covariance adjusted for possible confounding factors. Results: BG-related indices were not different among the morning HBP-defined hypertension subtypes. Participants with evening HBP-defined ISH had a significantly higher estimated mean BG at 120 min, higher homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lower Matsuda-DeFronzo index than participants with NT (the adjusted mean: 146 vs 127 mg/dl, 1.3 vs 1.0, and 6.6 vs 8.1, respectively) (all p &lt; 0.021). Participants with OBP-defined SDH had a significantly higher estimated mean fasting BG; BG at 30, 60, and 120 min; and HOMA-IR and a lower Matsuda-DeFronzo index than participants with NT (the adjusted mean: 101 vs 94 mg/dl, 177 vs 158 mg/dl, 182 vs 157 mg/dl, 145 vs 125 mg/dl, 1.3 vs 1.0, and 6.3 vs 8.3, respectively) (all p &lt; 0.0025). Conclusion: The BG-related indices were different among hypertension subtypes. Participants with evening HBP-defined ISH and OBP-defined SDH had higher BG levels and insulin resistance than participants with correspondingly defined NT, while those with morning HBP did not. These findings suggest the importance of measuring evening HBP and OBP for early detection of coexisting hypertension and diabetes.

Extract of cell culture Rejasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflorus) Decrease Blood Glucose Through Insulin Receptor Pathway

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by the high blood glucose levels. The high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus needed an innovation in prevention, treatment and control of case. Rejasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflorus) is one of plants has the potential to develop as an antidiabetic. The pretest and posttest control group design were conducted to 30 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain. The rats induced alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally at dose of 125 mg/kg BW once day until the blood glucose above 200 mg/dL The hyperglycemic rats were divided into 5 groups, that were negative control (K-), positive control (K+, given glibenclamide 0.072 mg/200 gBW), P1 (given E. glandiflorus cell extract 1 mg/kgBW), P2 (given E. glandiflorus cell extract 10 mg/kgBW), and P3 (given E. glandiflorus cell extract 100 mg/kgBW). The rats were given E. glandiflorus and glibenclamide orally for 10 days. Measurement of blood glucose levels was carried out on day 0 and day 10, after 10 h fasting. The mechanism of antidiabetic effect of E. glandiflorus was explored by in silico. The mean of blood glucose levels on day 0 were 455.2 mg/dL (K), 422.8 mg/dL (K+), 469.8 mg/dL (P1), 355.5 mg/dL (P2) and 446 mg/dL (P3). The blood glucose levels on day 10 were 367.8 mg/dL (K-), 89.6 mg/dL (K+), 285.6 mg/dL (P1), 136.8 mg/dL (P2) and 104.8 (P3). Statistical analysis showed the difference between K- from P2(p=0.015) and P3 (p0.001). When compared with K+, only P3 showed no difference (p=0.873). Flavonoid of E. glandiflorus act on insulin receptor pathway and involved HK2, PTPN1, AKT1, PI3KR1, HRAS and GSK3B protein. These results showed that extract cell of E. glandiflorus have antidiabetic activity on insulin receptor pathway.

Effect of Sleep Quality on Blood Glucose Level of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Medan, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance is one of the problems complained by diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The decrease in sleep quality has an impact on not controlling blood glucose levels (BGL).&#x0D; AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of sleep quality on control BGLs of type 2 DM patients in Medan.&#x0D; METHODS: This study is analytic with a cross-sectional design. The study population was type 2 DM patients who came to the Medan Labuhan Primary Health Care with a total sample of 83 people, sample collection by consecutive sampling method (inclusion and exclusion criteria). Management data using the SPSS computer program and data analysis using the Chi-square test.&#x0D; RESULTS: The majority of patients were female (57.8%), the most age group was above 50 years (98.8%), with the highest duration of illnesses being above 5 years (77.1%), family history of suffering from DM was mothers with DM (36.1%), and mean of BGL was 215 mg/dl. The Chi-square test results showed a significant relationship between sleep quality and BGL of type 2 DM patients in Medan (p &lt; 0.05), with an odds ratio of 4.3.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: Sleep quality affects blood sugar control in type 2 DM patients. The risk of increasing blood sugar due to sleep disorders is 4.3 times compared to DM patients who do not experience sleep disorders.

Investigation of Relationship between Occupational Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Nurses.

Background:One of the major causes of various work-related health problems among nurses is occupational stress. Hence, the main purpose of the present research was to find association between occupational stress of nurses and risk factors of cardiovascular disease.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, the Osipow job stress questionnaire was employed to assess the occupational stress among the 250 nurses in Emam Khomeini hospital of Tehran in 2018. Based on stress score for participants, subjects divided into two groups: Scoring of group one was 60–179 (mild and average stress) and group two between 180 and 300 (average to acute and acute stress). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded for subjects after 10hrs fasting. Then the blood samples were collected to measure cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels. For determining the association between education level, job experience and study groups, the Chi-square test and for comparing job stress between two groups of study the Mann–Whitney U test was used.Results:Subjects with job stress in group one was 70(28%) and group two was 180(72%). The association between level of education and two study groups was not significant (P=0.129) while between job experience and two study groups was significant (P=0.004). Mean of Blood glucose levels for group I (98.0± 37.5), was higher than group II (82.5±12.0) and statistically significant (P=0.001). No significant difference was found between two groups of study for other parameters.Conclusion:High level of work-related stress among subjects affected the values related to blood glucose level, but no significant relationship was found between other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and occupational stress among nurses.

Effectiveness of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaf extraction on blood glucose level in alloxan-induced Wistar rat

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that always increasing in prevalence. Excessive glucose intake and oxidative stress that can lead to damage to the pancreatic cell or insulin resistance, are such factors that influence the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaf contains active metabolites such as flavonoid which able to decrease free radical levels. This study aimed to prove the effectiveness of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaves extract on blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced Wistar rats. In this study, twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. On day 0, the negative control and each treatment group injected with 125 mg/kg dose of alloxan and would be checked on 4th day. On the 4th day after the rats had diabetes, normal group (K-1) was given only standard feed, Negative control (K-2) was given only alloxan intraperitoneally on day 0, first treatment group (K-3) was given 50 mg/kg dose of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff, second treatment group (K-4) was given 100 mg/kg dose of the leaf extract, and the third treatment group (K-5) was given the leaf 200 mg/kg dose of the leaf extract. On the 10th day, fasting blood glucose was taken from the rats. Post-test only group design was used to be the experimental design. There were significant differences in the treatment groups (K-3, K-4, and K-5) compared to the negative control group (K-2) after treatment. The mean of blood glucose levels decreased with the increased doses of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaf extract treatment. The treatment groups (K-3, K-4, and K-5) were not significant compared to the normal group (K-1).

Co-transplantation of Human Fetal Mesenchymal and Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Type 1 Diabetic Mice Model.

Introduction: Cell therapy can overcome the limitation of conventional treatments (including different medications and β cell replacement) for type 1 diabetes. Based- on several studies human fetal mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells are ideal candidates for stem cell therapy. On the other hand, co-transplantation of them can improve their effects. Accordingly, the aim of this research is co-transplantation of human fetal mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells in type 1 diabetes.Materials and Methods: The liver of legally aborted fetus was harvested. Then, mononuclear cells were isolated and extracted mesenchymal stromal cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells were cultured. Expression of pluripotency markers were evaluated. For molecular imaging, mesenchymal stromal cells were labeled using GFP- vector. BALB/c inbred male mice were modeled by injection a single dose of Streptozotocin. Diabetic animals were received stem cells. After stem cell transplantation, in vivo imaging was performed and blood glucose levels were measured weekly.Results: Fetal mesenchymal stromal cells were demonstrated differentiation potential. Expression of pluripotency markers were positive. The mean of blood glucose levels were reduced in mixed mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. A lot of GFP-labeled mesenchymal stem cells were engrafted in the pancreas of animal models that received a mixed suspension of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stromal cells.Conclusions: Human fetal stem cells are valuable source for cell therapy and co-transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells can improve therapeutic effects of hematopoietic stem cells.

THE EFFECT OF TAPPING THERAPY ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS AT PURWOKERTO

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that can lead to microvascular and macrovascular complications. This condition makes DM patients at higher risk of experiencing stress. Tapping Therapy is one of nursing intervention that can reduce stress. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of tapping therapy on blood glucose levels in Primary Health Center South Purwokerto. Methods: This research was a quantitative with a quasi experimental with control group, recruited 30 respondents, consisted of 15 respondents who were trained on tapping therapy, one time daily for 30 minutes for four weeks and the other respondents were as the control group. The purposive sampling was used as the sample collection method. Wilcoxon test was employed to examine the differences of the mean of blood glucose levels between intervention and control groups. Results. The result revealed that there was a significant difference of blood glucose levels before and after treatment in intervention group (p = 0.003, α =0.05). Discussion: The conclusion was that the tapping therapy can decrease blood glucose level on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Purwokerto. This research recommendation was to apply tapping therapy to patient with diabetes mellitus at least one time daily for 30 minute. Keyword: blood glucose, diabetes, tapping therapy