Mean Number Of References Research Articles

The Bibliometric Aspects of Case Report/Series in Science Citation Index Otorhinolaryngology Journals.

Objective:The rate of case report/series (CR/S) acceptance by the high impact journals is steadily declining mainly due to low citations. The aim of this study is primarily to investigate the bibliometric aspects of CR/S in the field of otorhinolaryngology (ORL) and secondarily to guide prospective authors as to which type of CR/S have better chances of acceptance and citation in the current publication climate.Methods:Bibliometric and citation analysis of CR/S published in Science Citation Index (SCI) journals of ORL covering the years of 2012-2016 was conducted.Results:There were 1332 (8.9%) CR/S among 14900 publications in 11 SCI ORL journals published between January 1st, 2012 and December 31st, 2016. The most common published field and subject were the ‘pediatric ORL’ (33.2%) and ‘rare cases/conditions’ (47.1%) respectively. ‘General ORL’ (5.13) and ‘treatment’ (4.93) categories had the highest citations. Only 10% of CR/S had ≥10 citations. The mean citation counts were positively correlated with impact factors of journals (r=0.131, p<0.001), mean number of authors (r=0.151, p<0.001), mean number of cases (r=0.192, p<0.001), mean number of references (r=0.315, p<0.001) and mean number of Web of Science visits (r=0.291, p<0.001).Conclusion:Although CR/S provides low citation rates in ORL SCI journals, they may serve important topics in terms of diagnosis, treatment, or complications. The findings and the main discussions of this study may direct the rationale for the consistent publication of CR/S in the evidence-based medicine era.

A comprehensive analysis of authorship trends in Skeletal Radiology since inception from 1976 to 2020.

The purpose of this study is to explore authorship trends within the musculoskeletal radiology subspecialty-focused journal, Skeletal Radiology, from inception to 2020. Skeletal Radiology articles published in 1976, 1986, 1996, 2006, 2016, and 2020 were reviewed. For each article, the number of authors, the number of distinct institutions, the names of first and last authors, the country of the first author, the article length, and the number of article references were recorded. A total of 885 articles passed the exclusion criteria to be included in the study. Since inception, there has been a significant increase in the number of SR articles published (P = 0.02), the mean number of authors per article (P < 0.01), the mean number of references per article (P < 0.01), the mean number of distinct institutions per article (P = 0.02), and the mean number of pages per article (P < 0.01). The proportion of female first and last authors significantly increased (P = 0.02, P = 0.02). There was a significant increase in the proportion of articles published from Asia (P = 0.04). However, no significant changes in the proportion of articles published from other regions were observed. Similar to authorship trends in other medical journals, Skeletal Radiology demonstrated upward trends in authorship count, distinct institutional count, and article length. A rise in first and last female authorship was observed. Finally, an increase in the proportion of authors from Asia was observed while no significant changes in the proportion of authors from other regions were demonstrated.

Toward a stochastically robust normalized impact factor against fraud and scams

In this paper, we model the variation of the bibliometric measure differences across academic fields in order to quantify the sources of these discrepancies. Since the bibliometric measure is based on the amount of published and cited papers, we anticipate that the mean number of references by published paper is the predominant parameter behind the discrepancies of impact factor scores in some academic fields. We introduce here a bias-free model, based on normalized variables with restricted cross-discipline discrepancies, that is robust against fraud and scams. The model is then submitted to an intensive numerical test using a Monte Carlo simulation.

Análise da produção científica da Revista de Epidemiologia e Controle de Infecção

Justificativa e Objetivo: Visando atender a demanda de publicações de conhecimento epidemiológico, objetivou-se investigar o perfil das publicações da Revista de Epidemiologia e Controle de Infecção (RECI) desde a sua criação em outubro de 2011 até junho de 2017. Método: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo com base na análise dos&#x0D; artigos publicados, dados da Plataforma SEER e currículo lattes dos autores. Os dados extraídos foram: número de artigos submetidos e publicados; edições; nº de páginas; seção dos trabalhos; número, titulação e sexo dos autores; região da realização do trabalho; nº de referências; tempo entre submissão e publicação; artigos e resumos mais&#x0D; acessados. Resultados: Dos 585 artigos submetidos, foram publicados 238 em 7 edições, com uma média de 42,37 (dp±21) páginas por número. Destes, 137 (58%) originais e 28 (12%) de revisão. A média geral de autores foi de 4 (dp=±1,2) por artigo e 42 (dp=±13,4)&#x0D; por volume, destes 17% eram mestres, 15% bacharéis e 14% doutores, sendo 68% do sexo feminino e 99% brasileiros, principalmente das regiões Sul (54%), Nordeste (18%) e Sudeste (18%). A média de referências foi de 21 (dp=±27) por artigo e o tempo médio&#x0D; entre a submissão e publicação foi de 229 dias (dp=±80). Observou-se um total de 61 mil visualizações aos artigos até metade de 2017, e o tema mais acessado foi HIV. Conclusão: Através da avaliação conjunta do conteúdo e do desempenho das publicações, percebeu-se um aumento na qualidade da RECI e quais os pontos a serem melhorados.&#x0D; DESCRITORES: Publicações Científicas e Técnicas. Publicações Eletrônicas. Publicações Periódicas. Análise Quantitativa

Twenty Years of Authorship, Sampling, and References in Kinesiology Research Reports

ABSTRACTThis study documented the changes in authorship, sampling, and number of references used in studies published in the Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (RQES) from 1996 to 2015. Original research articles were reviewed, excluding reviews, technical notes, and commentary (n = 770). Data were analyzed in 10 biennial groups for the whole journal and by eight sub-disciplinary categories. The median number of authors per paper significantly increased from two to four authors, with a corresponding increase in reports published by six or more authors and a decline in the percentage of reports published by single authors. Sample sizes varied across sub-disciplinary areas, but did not change over time. There was an increase (28%, d = 1.0) in the mean number of references cited by reports. Original research published over the last 20 years in RQES have increasing numbers of coauthors and references, with considerable variation in sampling between the sub-disciplinary areas.

SAT0585 Evaluation of Wikipedia Rheumatology Articles as A Learning Resource for Medical Students

BackgroundDespite concerns regarding its accuracy and reliability, Wikipedia is increasingly being used by medical students as a source of medical information (1,2).ObjectivesAim of our study was to evaluate whether Wikipedia...

Alcohol marketing in televised international football: frequency analysis.

BackgroundAlcohol marketing includes sponsorship of individuals, organisations and sporting events. Football (soccer) is one of the most popular spectator sports worldwide. No previous studies have quantified the frequency of alcohol marketing in a high profile international football tournament. The aims were to determine: the frequency and nature of visual references to alcohol in a representative sample of EURO2012 matches broadcast in the UK; and if frequency or nature varied between matches broadcast on public service and commercial channels, or between matches that did and did not feature England.MethodsEight matches selected by stratified random sampling were recorded. All visual references to alcohol were identified using a tool with high inter-rater reliability.Results1846 visual references to alcohol were identified over 1487 minutes of broadcast - an average of 1.24 references per minute. The mean number of references per minute was higher in matches that did vs did not feature England (p = 0.004), but did not differ between matches broadcast on public service vs commercial channels (p = 0.92).ConclusionsThe frequency of visual references to alcohol was universally high and higher in matches featuring the only UK home team - England - suggesting that there may be targeting of particularly highly viewed matches. References were embedded in broadcasts, and not particular to commercial channels including paid-for advertising. New UK codes-of-conduct on alcohol marketing at sporting events will not reduce the level of marketing reported here.

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of four national otorhinolaryngology journals between 2002 and 2010

This study aims to perform a quantitative and qualitative analysis of four national peer-reviewed otorhinolaryngology journals between 2002 and 2010 and compare various parameters in 1990-1994 period. The number of authors and female authors, gender of first author, city and the institution where the article was submitted, number of references and national references were noted separately for each article in all issues of four national peer-reviewed journals in years 2002, 2005 and 2010. Language of articles was noted and they were grouped under six main headings based on their subjects. Quantitative analysis was performed considering evidence-based medicine principle and evidence levels of articles were noted between 1 and 5. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson chi-square and one-way ANOVA tests. A total of 424 articles including 143 in 2002, 147 in 2005 and 134 in 2010 in four national otorhinolaryngology journals were evaluated. The number of authors per article was found to be 4.49, indicating no statistically significant difference between the years (p>0.05). The mean number of female authors per article was 0.85. When the institutions submitted articles were assessed, number of publications from university hospitals was higher than the education hospitals and other health care services; however, this difference was reduced in 2010. In the evaluation of cited references, the mean number of references and national references per article increased from 16.90 to 18.12 and from 1.54 to 1.68 in 2002 and 2010, respectively. According to the articles categorized to their main subjects, it was found that most of the publications were related to upper respiratory/digestive tract and neck and the least was related to facial plastic surgery. The qualitative analysis in terms of evidence-based medicine revealed no articles with level 1 evidence through three years studied. It will be useful to make similar periodical studies to improve the quality of otorhinolaryngology journals and related articles in Turkey.

Citation analysis of papers of research projects at faculty of dentistry, tabriz university of medical sciences.

We attempted to evaluate the researchers’ behavior in using scientific resources in the Faculty of Dentistry at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The importance of such study is highlighted when financial resources are limited and the scholarly publications are on an ever-increasing rate, necessitating the selection of the most efficient resources for the libraries. In Iran, 80.5% of the university central libraries depend on the policies of Ministry of Health and Medical Education for subscription to periodical publications on medical sciences.1 Since libraries serve as connection routes between previous knowledge and new information, their organizational needs should be analyzed by means of scientific methods as well as quantitative and statistical approaches.2 We evaluated the references of articles published as a derivative of approved research proposals in Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during a five-year period (2005-2010) using scientometric methods. Only published journal articles present in the faculty member records were included. Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Community Dentistry did not have papers that matched inclusion criteria. 74 papers with a total of 1723 references (mean number of references: 23.28) from nine departments were included (Table 1). Most references were journal articles (93.7%) and in English (98.3%). Table 1 Frequency distribution (percent) of articles and citation resources in different departments Half life formula was used for determining the median age of articles cited.3 Journal half life was 10.44 years, indicating more than 50% of the cited articles were of recent ten years. The half life of the books was 7.17 years, indicating that more than 50% of cited books were of recent seven years. In order to determine core journals, Bradford method was applied.4 In total, 228 journals were cited 1615 times. The articles were divided according to the corresponding department and Bradford coefficient was calculated to be 3.27. Therefore, two journals, namely the Journal of Endodontics and the Journal of Periodontology, were identified as core journals. In total, 208 author names were recorded. The most frequent number of co-authors was four (33.8%), followed by five (18.9%), three (16.2%), two (12.2%), six (12.2%), seven (5.4%), and one (1.4%), respectively. The authors’ collective collaboration coefficient5 was found to be 73%. Among all cited materials, accessibility in online, print, or both formats at the library of the Faculty of Dentistry were recorded for 76, 47, and 22 journals, respectively. From 103 journals not accessible, 73 journals were cited only once. Among 46 cited books, 32 books (seven as electronic/print and 25 as print) were accessible in the library and 14 were not. The collaboration coefficient (73%) found in this research indicates good collaboration of the faculty members. Papers prepared from theses seem to have more ciations.3 Other scholarly work by researchers tend to have fewer select citations. Our results are in agreement with a previous study with the same subject matter.1 The core journals found in this research shared common titles with those of previous studies in Iran,1 , 4 probably reflecting the country-wide policy governing the accessibility of international scholarly journals. The findings support the journal subscription program of the library of the Faculty of Dentistry. However, further subscription to select titles including journals and textbooks can be provided.

Median age difference of references as indicator of information update of research groups: A case study in Spanish food research

Median age difference (D) is obtained by subtracting median value of the age distribution of references of a scientific paper from citing half life of the journal that published it. Such an indicator can be related to the state of knowledge of research groups and can show some interesting properties: 1) it must be related with the incorporation of information pieces in an informal way, say the rate of self-citations; 2) it must follow the natural tendency of the groups towards a progressively updated state of knowledge, and 3) more productive groups will tend to use more recent information. These natural hypotheses have been investigated using a medium sized Spanish institution devoted to Food Research as a case study. Scientific output comprised 439 papers published in SCI journals between 1999 and 2004 by 16 research teams. Their 14,617 references were analyzed. Variables studied were number of published papers by every team, number of authors per paper, number of references per paper, type of documents cited, self citation rate and chronological range of reference lists. Number of authors per paper ranged between 1 and 15. The most frequent value (N = 128) was 3 authors. Average number of authors per paper is 4.03 (SD = 1.74). Mean number of references per paper (including review papers) is 33.3 (SD= 17.39) with slight differences between the groups. Mean self-citation rate was 13.72 % (SD = 11.7). The greatest chronological range was 119 years; half of all ranges was 30 years and the general mean for this variable was 33.34 years (SD = 16.34). D values were associated with self-citation rate and a negative relationship between D and chronological range of references was also found. Nevertheless, correlation figures were too small to reach sound conclusions about the effect of these variables. Number of references per paper, number of contributing authors and number of papers published by each team were not associated with D. D values can discriminate between groups managing updated information and delayed research teams. Publication delay affects D figures. Discontinuity of research lines, heterogeneity of research fields and the short time lapse studied could have some influence on the results of the study. It is suggested that a great coverage is needed to evaluate properly D figures as indicators of information update of research groups.

Analysis of information use in agricultural science PhD theses at Central University of Venezuela (1986‐2002)

PurposeTo analyze information use in agricultural science PhD theses submitted between 1986 and 2002 in the Faculty of Agronomy, Central University of Venezuela (UCV).Design/methodology/approachThe source of information was the UCV Faculty of Agronomy, Library's database, “Tesis”. The unidimensional production and use indicators analyzed included: scientific production, reference density, self‐citations, document contemporaneousness and type of documents cited, reference scattering and accessibility of the journals cited.FindingsThe analysis of the data obtained from 4,646 bibliographic references in 42 agricultural science PhD theses provides insight into information use in a Venezuelan agricultural science community. The mean number of references per thesis found was 113 ± 21. The number of women earning a PhD in agriculture was observed to grow. The percentage of self‐citations varied widely. The half‐life was 11 years and the Price's Index 22 per cent. According to the distribution by document type, most of the publications cited were articles in journals, while references to technical standards and internet publications were rare. UCV Faculty of Agronomy PhD students tended to seek information primarily in the Anglo Saxon literature. The Celestino Bonfanti Library periodicals section met a high proportion (92 per cent) of the demand for journals located in the first and second concentration‐scattering zones.Originality/valueThis is the only paper on the evaluation of PhD theses in Venezuela. The findings will be useful for education planners in Venezuela and other developing countries.

Community pharmacy-based research in Spain (1995-2005): A bibliometric study.

Only one study evaluated the scientific activity in community pharmacies in Spain, and it was restricted to articles published in just two journals. To assess the scientific activity in community pharmacies in Spain through a bibliometric analysis of the original papers published during the years 1995-2005. IPA, MEDLINE, CSIC database and the journals Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico y Pharmaceutical Care España were used as data sources. Production indicators, consumption indicators and the impact factor (IF) as a repercussion index were analyzed. 122 articles were included in the review. The articles were published in 12 journals, 78.7% of them in Pharmaceutical Care España and Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico. The mean number of authors per article was 4.2 (SD=2.1). The transitivity index was 71.3%. The total number of references cited in the articles was 2110. The mean number of references per article was 17.3 SD=9.3. The value of the insularity index was 57.6%. Self citation was 6.8% and the Price index was 66.5%. No impact factor was available for 6 journals. Publication of articles on community pharmacy-based research in Spain has undergone an important increase in the last 5 years. The existence of authors who publish very few studies, the high insularity index and the lack of randomized, controlled trials may be considered as negative indicators in community pharmacy-based research in Spain.

Psychiatrie in ? Der Nervenarzt? von 1928?2000

By analysing the complete edition of the German-language psychiatric journal "Der Nervenarzt" from 1928 to 2000 we examined basic trends in the historical and scientific orientation of psychiatry in this journal. All published articles (n=3270) were classified under formal aspects and were assigned to one of 30 categories by content. Inter-rater reliability was determined in 3 years from different eras (1957, 1977, 1997). With kappa values between 0.65 and 0.81 the inter-rater reliability was moderate to good. The mean number of authors and the mean number of references in the articles has been increasing continuously, particularly within the last decade. The mean number of words per article has been relatively constant. In nearly all 5-year periods, most of the articles came from Heidelberg, Munich and Berlin. In addition to original articles, review articles were introduced in 1971 and medical education articles in 1978. Since 1955 the "Nervenarzt" has been publishing the communications of the German Psychiatric and Neurological Society. Original articles with data reports and articles using statistics have been increasing continuously since the 1960s, reflecting an increasing evidence-based orientation of psychiatry. The currently accepted scientific standard was introduced in the early 1990s. The last decade, the "decade of the brain", not only yielded a high proportion of articles on biological issues but also indicated an increasing interest in institutions of psychiatric care and psychotherapy. On the other hand, links to related disciplines such as philosophy, sociology and psychology seem to have got lost. The percentage of articles from abroad has been decreasing within the last 2 decades. In comparison, the American Journal of Psychiatry, the Archives of General Psychiatry and the British Journal of Psychiatry have been publishing a higher percentage of original articles, particularly randomised controlled trials.

Characterization of the impact of sets of scientific papers: The Garfield (impact) factor

AbstractThe Garfield (Impact) Factor (GF) is one of the most frequently used scientometric indicators. In the present article it is shown that the main factors determining the value of the mean GF representing a set of journals are the number of articles published recently (articles referencing) related to those published in a previous time period (articles to be referenced) and the mean number of references in journal papers referring to the time period selected. It has been proved further that GF corresponds to the mean chance for citedness of journal papers. A new indicator, Specific Impact Contribution (SIC), is introduced, which characterizes the contribution of a subset of articles or a journal to the total impact of the respective articles or journals. The SIC index relates the share of a journal in citations divided by that in publications within a set of papers or journals appropriately selected. It is shown, however, that the normalized GFs of journals and the normalized SIC indicators are identical measures within any set of journals selected. It may be stated therefore that Garfield Factors of journals (calculated correctly) are appropriate scientometric measures for characterizing the relative international eminence of journals within a set of journals appropriately selected. It is demonstrated further that SIC indicators (and so GF indexes) correspond to the (number of citations per paper) indicators generally used, within the same set of papers.

Dynamic changes in the chance for citedness

A new index - Relative Publication Growth (RPG) - was suggested for characterizing the annual increase of publications in different selected periods. It has been revealed that the mean citedness of papers (“Chance for Citedness”) increases parallel with increasing RPG and growing mean number of references in papers. The number of citations attainable by a paper published in a given journal may be estimated by multiplying the resp. Journal Citedness Factor (JCF) with the Garfield Factor of the resp. journal. The JCF values may represent the aging of information whereas GF-s the potential frequency of citations.

Possible causes of differences in information impact of journals from different subfields

Differences in size, mean number of references per paper in journals, ageing of information and disciplinarity of some subfields in chemistry were studied in order to explain different average impact factors for journals. A new indicator —Standard Journal Impact — is suggested, which may be used as a standardized (i.e. comparable) impact indicator for journals in different subfields. The main reason for the lower impact factor for journals of the macromolecular chemistry subfield may be the lower extent of the application of their results by other subfields.

Reference lists in medical journals--language and length.

A total of 8,251 references from seven medical journals from four language areas (English, French, German and Swedish) have been studied. The mean number of references per article varies from 13 to 27, the range is wide (2-63). Six per cent of the references are more than 25 years old and most of them could probably be omitted. The English language predominates to the degree (91%) that there is practically no influx from other language areas than those included in the study. A Medline search shows a much higher proportion of references in other languages (English 59%) and makes it likely that non-English references to a large degree are neglected by authors writing and reading only English. It is concluded that it should be possible to limit the number of references per original article to 20-25.