Mean Nasal Choroidal Thickness Research Articles

Evaluation of the effect of n95 face mask used by healthcare professionals on choroidal thickness

PurposeWe aimed to show the changes in choroidal thickness (CT) with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD−OCT) after prolonged use of N95 mask. MethodThe healthcare workers who use the N95 face-mask, between 30–50 years of age who have best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥10/10, spherical or cylindrical refraction errors less than 2 diopters, with normal intra ocular pressure (IOP), axial length (AL) between 22−24 mm included in the study. The choroid was imaged with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) techniques using SD−OCT. CT was measured, subfoveal, at 1000 μm nasal and temporal of the center of the fovea. Measurements were first made after wearing the N95 mask for at least 2 h without removing it and repeated 15 min after removing. ResultsAfter 2 h of the N95 mask using without removal, the mean subfoveal CT was 293.56 ± 76.12(min:185, max:479), the mean temporal CT was 253.81 ± 63.48(min:172, max:384), the mean nasal CT was 239.18 ± 53.92(min:139, max:356). Fifteen minutes after removal of the N95 mask, the mean subfoveal CT was 250.56 ± 52.48(min:172, max:397), the mean temporal was 218.40 ± 53.58(min:129, max:354), the mean nasal CT was 210.67 ± 53.31(min:132, max:366). The differences in subfoveal, temporal and nasal CT between 2 h of N95 mask use and 15 min after removal of the mask were statistically significant (p < 0.05 for each). ConclusionHypercapnia due to prolonged use of the N95 mask may cause choroidal hemodynamic changes and transient increased choroidal thickness.

Increase of central foveal and temporal choroidal thickness in patients with inactive thyroid eye disease

BackgroundIn this study, we aimed to compare the choroidal thickness between a group of Korean patients with inactive thyroid eye disease (TED) and a control group of Korean patients and to analyze the variables affecting choroidal thickness.MethodsPatients diagnosed with inactive TED and without TED who underwent optical coherence tomography and axial length measurements were included and classified into the TED group and control group. Choroidal thickness was measured using images acquired in enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode by cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, UAS) at the central fovea and points 1.5 mm nasal and 1.5 mm temporal from the central fovea using a caliper tool provided by OCT software.ResultsThe mean central foveal choroidal thickness was 294.2 ± 71.4 µm and 261.1 ± 47.4 µm in the TED and control groups, respectively, while the mean temporal choroidal thickness was 267.6 ± 67.5 µm and 235.7 ± 41.3 µm in the TED and control groups, respectively, showing significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.011, P = 0.008). The mean nasal choroidal thickness was 232.1 ± 71.7 µm and 221.1 ± 59.9 µm in the TED and control groups, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.421). Multivariate regression analysis showed the factors affecting central foveal choroidal thickness were age, axial length, and degree of exophthalmos, and factors affecting temporal choroidal thickness were age and degree of exophthalmos.ConclusionsCentral foveal and temporal choroidal thickness were significantly thicker in patients with inactive TED than in control subjects, while age, axial length, and degree of exophthalmos were identified as major factors affecting choroidal thickness.

Choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis in acute systemic brucellosis

Introduction This study aims to detect changes in choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in acute stage brucellosis. Methods Fnewly diagnosed patients with acute brucellosis and 19 healthy individuals as control group were included in the study. Choroidal thickness and RNFL thickness were measured using the Spectral Domain Cirrus OCT Model 400 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) for each participant in the patient and control group. Results In the brucella group, in the right eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 272.77 ± 50.26 μm ( p = 0.689), the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 321.14 ± 33.08 μm ( p = 0.590), the mean temporal choroidal thickness was 278.86 ± 48.84 μm ( p = 0.478), and the mean RNFL thickness was 90.43 ± 8.93 μm ( p = 0.567). In the left eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 282.29 ± 48.93 μm ( p = 0.715), the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 316.79 ± 39.57 μm ( p = 0.540), the mean temporal choroidal thickness was 284.93 ± 50.57 μm ( p = 0.392), and the mean RNFL thickness was 92.64 ± 8.95 μm ( p = 0.813). Conclusion No difference was found between the control and the brucella groups regarding to all choroidal regions and RNFL thickness.

Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cause choroiditis and optic neuropathy?

Objectives: We aim to investigate the involvement of the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in COVID-19 patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2020. 40 patients (23 female and 17 male) with COVID-19 and 42 healthy individuals (26 female and 16 male) were included in the study. The OCT scans were performed 4 weeks after the COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: In the COVID-19 group, in the right eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 295.70 ± 7,046 μm ( p = 0.017), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.25 ± 6,353 μm ( p = 0.003), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 296.63 ± 6,324 μm ( p = 0.039), and mean RNFL was 89.23 ± 1.30 μm ( p = 0.227). In the left eyes, mean nasal choroidal thickness was 287.88 ± 9,033 μm ( p = 0.267), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.80 ± 9,457 μm ( p = 0.013), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 298.50 ± 9,158 μm ( p = 0.079), and mean RNFL was 89.48 ± 1,289 μm ( p = 0.092). Compared with the control group, the patient group had significant thickening of the choroidal thickness in all quadrants of the right eyes, and significant thickening of the subfoveal choroidal thickness in the left eyes. There was no significant difference in the RNFL thickness between groups ( p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: COVID-19 may cause a subclinical involvement in the choroidal layer.

Evaluation of the Effect of Proptosis on Choroidal Thickness in Graves' Ophthalmopathy

Objectives:To evaluate the effect of proptosis on choroidal thickness in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy.Materials and Methods:Twenty-five eyes of 25 Graves’ patients with proptosis, 25 eyes of 25 Graves’ patients without proptosis, and 25 eyes of 25 healthy individuals were included in this prospective study. The subfoveal choroidal thickness and choroidal thicknesses at 6 points from the fovea at 500 μm intervals were measured by Cirrus HD-OCT. All measurements were compared among the proptosis, non-proptosis, and control groups and the active, inactive, and control groups.Results:The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness in the proptosis group was 289.7±68.5 μm, 322.5±55.8 μm in the non-proptosis group, and 316.1±63.0 μm in the control group. The mean nasal choroidal thickness was 260.5±63.5 μm in the proptosis group, 293.9±57.9 μm in the non-proptosis group, and 279.5±63.1 μm in the control group. The mean temporal choroidal thickness was 261.8±60.9 μm in the proptosis group, 289.0±51.8 μm in the non-proptosis group, and 287.8±56.2 μm in the control group. Mean choroidal thickness was 264.7±58.5 μm in the proptosis group, 296.2±47.5 μm in the non-proptosis group, and 288.3±55.1 μm in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups with respect to choroidal thickness measurements (p>0.05).Conclusion:No significant difference in choroidal thickness was detected between Graves’ patients with and without proptosis and the controls. There was no effect of clinical activation on choroidal thickness.

Choroidal and macular thickness changes in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy

ABSTRACTObjectives: To explore choroidal thickness (ChT) and retinal thickness (RT) changes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: Sixty patients with Type 1 DM and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this prospective case–control clinical study. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination. ChT of each participant was measured at the fovea and horizontal nasal and temporal quadrants at 500-µm intervals to 1500 µm from the foveola using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Age, gender, disease duration, serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose level, axial length (AL) and refractive error were noted and analyzed.Results: Mean disease duration, mean HbA1c and mean fasting blood glucose in diabetic patients were 6.1±2.8 years, (8.9±0.9)% and 287.5±69.1 mg/dl, respectively. Age, gender, AL, spherical equivalent differences between the patients and subjects were insignificant (p>0.05). Subfoveal ChT, nasal quadrant ChT measurements, temporal 1500 µm and mean nasal ChT were significantly lower in diabetic patients (p<0.05 for all). Temporal 500 µm and 1000 µm ChT measurements, mean temporal ChT, average ChT, central macular thickness and average macular thickness did not differ significantly between the groups (p>0.05 for all).Conclusion: This study showed that there is choroidal thinning in young Type 1 diabetic patients with early period of disease duration without diabetic retinopathy nor any other systemic diseases. Choroidal changes in type 1 DM seem to begin at nasal and distal temporal retina. These results need to be verified by larger and longitudinal studies.

Transient Choroidal Thinning after Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection for Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization

Purpose: To evaluate the choroidal thickness changes in the eyes with myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB). Methods: Ten highly myopic eyes with mCNV treated with IVB were included. All patients underwent a single, horizontal B-scan image centered on the fovea, before, and 1 month and 3 month after IVB using Heidelberg optical coherence tomography (OCT). Choroidal thickness (CT) defined as the distance from the retinal pigment epithelium to the chorio-scleral interface in OCT image at the fovea, 2mm nasally and 2mm temporally was measured. Results: Foveal mean CT was 52.8 microns before IVB, and it significantly decreased to 37.5 microns 1 month after (P<0.05). Similarly, the 2mm temporal mean CT was 80.5 microns before IVB, and it significantly decreased to 69.5 microns 1 month after (P<0.05). On 3 months after IVB, mean CT at the fovea improved to 48.9 microns (P=0.67); however, the mean temporal CT remained thin as 67.0 microns (P=0.07 vs. baseline). The mean nasal CT remained at the similar throughout the follow-up (P=0.90 and 0.56) The change in CT on 1 month after IVB was significantly correlated with age and preoperative CT (P=0.01 and 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: Subfoveal and temporal choroidal thinning is transiently observed. IVB may affect the choroidal circulation in such myopic eyes as with thin choroid.