Average Life Span Research Articles

Anti-Aging Effects of Quercetin in Cladocera Simocephalus vetulus Using Proteomics.

Quercetin is a flavonoid widely found in food and traditional herbs. In this study, we evaluated the anti-aging effects of quercetin on Simocephalus vetulus (S. vetulus) by assessing lifespan and growth parameters and analyzed the differentially expressed proteins and crucial pathways associated with quercetin activity using proteomics. The results demonstrated that, at a concentration of 1 mg/L, quercetin significantly prolonged the average and maximal lifespans of S. vetulus and increased the net reproduction rate slightly. The proteomics-based analysis revealed 156 differently expressed proteins, with 84 being significantly upregulated and 72 significantly downregulated. The protein functions were identified as being associated with glycometabolism, energy metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism pathways, and the key enzyme activity and related gene expression, such that of AMPK, supported the importance of these pathways in the anti-aging activity of quercetin. In addition, quercetin was found to regulate the anti-aging-related proteins Lamin A and Klotho directly. Our results increased the understanding of quercetin's anti-aging effects.

Potential Lubricating Mechanism of Hyaluronic Acid for a Reduction of Albumin-Mediated Friction in the Artificial Joint System

The average lifespan of artificial joints is 15–25 years, but it is still too short for young and active patients. Human synovial albumin is easily adsorbed on the surfaces of artificial joint materials and has increased friction when subjected to conformational changes. Most studies have focused on the interaction between synovial fluid components and artificial joints when protein conformation has not been modified, but not on how to reduce friction and wear caused by denatured proteins. This study aimed to investigate whether hyaluronic acid could provide lubrication for albumin-mediated friction when high friction was caused by the disrupted secondary structure of albumin. Thermally processed human synovial albumin was used as denatured protein while friction testing, measurement of conformation, adsorption, and viscosity analysis were investigated. The results demonstrated that adding fresh hyaluronic acid to thermally processed albumin solution could reduce 50% of the friction coefficient caused by totally disrupted albumin. The viscosity of thermally processed albumin with fresh hyaluronic acid increased 40 times more than denatured albumin alone, and the adsorbed albumin area with fresh hyaluronic acid increased twice. The results showed hyaluronic acid provided lubrication by increasing the viscosity for friction mediated by denatured albumin, and it may provide a potential solution for prolonging the lifespan of artificial joints.

Ocean Eddies in the Drake Passage: Decoding Their Three-Dimensional Structure and Evolution

The Drake Passage is known for its abundant mesoscale eddies, but little is known about their three-dimensional characteristics, which hinders our understanding of their impact on eddy-induced transport and deep-sea circulation. A 10-year study was conducted using GLORYS12 Mercator Ocean reanalysis data from 2009 to 2018. The study analyzed the statistical characteristics of eddies in the Drake Passage, spanning from the surface down to a depth of 2000 m in three dimensions. The findings indicate that the mean radius of the eddies is 35.5 km, with a mean lifespan of 12.3 weeks and mean vorticity of 2.2 × 10−5 s−1. The eddies are most active and energetic near the three main fronts and propagate north-eastward at an average distance of 97.8 km. The eddy parameters vary with water depth, with more anticyclones detected from the surface to 400 m, displaying a larger radius and longer propagation distance. Cyclones have longer lifespans and greater vorticity. However, beyond 400 m, there is not much difference between anticyclones and cyclones. Approximately 23.3% of the eddies reach a depth of 2000 m, with larger eddies tending to penetrate deeper. The eddies come in three different shapes, bowl-shaped (52.7%), lens-shaped (27.1%) and cone-shaped (20.2%). They exhibit annual and monthly distribution patterns. Due to its high latitude location, the Drake Passage has strong rotation and weak stratification, resulting in the generation of small and deep-reaching eddies. These eddies contribute to the formation of Antarctic intermediate water and lead to modulation of turbulent dissipation.

Role of hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal regulatory axis in growth of melanoma В16/F10 in С57/BL6 mice

Aim: to study the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) regulatory axis and its dermal analogue in C57BL/6 mice of both sexes with the growth of B16/F10 grafted melanoma. The studies were carried out in mice of both sexes of the C57BL/6 line, which were transplanted with B16/F10 melanoma by subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of a suspension of tumor tissue. In intact animals and in the animals 14 days after the tumor inoculation, the levels of gonadal releasing hormone (GnRH), LH and FSH, and estradiol (E2), total testosterone (T) and free testosterone (Tfr), progesterone (P4), as well as ERα and ERβ estrogen receptors, progesterone receptor (RP4) and androgen receptor (RA) were determined. Results. In the males, compared with the females, after melanoma transplantation, the latent period and average life spans were shorter, while their tumor volumes were larger. A 2.1-fold decrease in GnRH in the hypothalamus in males led to a 2.7- fold increase in the level of LH in the pituitary gland, while in females a 1.4-fold (p<0.05) increase in GnRH promoted an increase in LH and FSH in the pituitary gland by 3.4-2.7 times. The blood serum did not adequately reflect changes in hormones in the central and peripheral links. In females, only in their tumor samples, an increased content of GnRH, LH, FSH and sex hormone receptors was revealed, while in males, the level of regulatory peptides and some receptors also increased in the skin. The change in the activity of the HPG axis in the logarithmic phase of the growth of B16/F10 grafted melanoma had its gender specifics and was characterized by a disorder in the direct and reverse feedback loops. Melanoma contained in an increased amount of all the regulatory peptides, hormones and receptors of the HPG axis, which allowed it to provide autonomous regulation of its own growth.

Melittobia acasta (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) female longevity and life stage-dependent parasitism using commercially managed Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) as hosts.

Melittobia acasta Walker is one among other hymenopterous parasitoids of Megachile rotundata F. Commercial M. rotundata populations are employed to pollinate North American alfalfa for seed production. This wasp can be prolific when using M. rotundata as a host and can reduce or destroy bee stocks. Hundreds of M. acasta female offspring can develop in a single M. rotundata cell and disperse to infest other cells, producing thousands of more parasitoids. In this study, we determined (i) upon what bee life stages M. acasta females choose to lay eggs and if those eggs ultimately become adults and (ii) M. acasta female longevity when exposed to various resources within M. rotundata cells. We found that M. acasta females lay eggs on M. rotundata prepupae and pupae and that those eggs can hatch and survive to adulthood. Eggs are not laid on early instar bee larvae; eggs laid on adults do not survive. Average female life span is 5 days without feeding, 8-9 days if a pollen-nectar provision is available while the bee develops through larval stages, and 34 days if the wasp can feed on prepupal hemolymph. Wasp females can emerge from bee cells several days after trays of cells are taken to fields. Therefore, adult females could survive long enough for new bee offspring to become prepupae. Our findings support a better understanding of host life stage preference and the longevity of M. acasta females that can inform the timing of the implementation of possible control measures.

The Effectiveness of Different Doses or Types of Vitamin D Supplementation in HIV-Positive Individuals in Lahore

The average lifespan of people suffering from HIV-AIDS is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, with Vitamin D deficiency as one of the most common phenomena among them. Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) could significantly enhance the quality of life of HIV-AIDS patients; however, it further decreases Vitamin D serum levels among them. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on immune function, viral load, and other health outcomes in HIV-positive individuals. Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted on a sample of 95 HIV-diagnosed patients aged 19 to 50 years in Punjab, Pakistan. Patients were selected from an AIDS control clinic and prescribed antiretroviral therapy. Baseline assessments were conducted using a structured evaluation questionnaire, and biochemical results were used to classify vitamin D deficiency. Results: The study presents information on PCR viral load counts in HIV patients, including minimum (50), and maximum (750,000) values, mean (32,475) with standard deviation (155,343), 5% sheared mean (28), and the 95% confidence interval (17,802 to 47,148) for the average. Results showed that HIV-positive patients taking vitamin D supplementation had a lower mean rank (50.07) compared to those not taking supplements (57.00), with a difference of 275.5 in the sum of ranks between the two groups. Inferential statistics suggested that vitamin D plays a significant role in improving the prognosis of HIV patients taking ART, with a significance value of 0.0032. Conclusion: The present study concludes that Vitamin D supplementation has a significant role in improving the life status of HIV patients.

Life Expectancy using Data Analytics

Abstract: The population's life expectancy is a problem for the government or pertinent agency of a particular nation. A statistical measurement of the anticipated average lifespan of an organism is life expectancy. Data for the appropriate nation, including all required fields, must be gathered in order for the department to handle life expectancy in an efficient manner. This study analyses and forecasts trends in life expectancy using data analytics and machine learning approaches. Regression models are used in the study to find the major determinants of life expectancy as well as descriptive statistics to understand how long people live across various population groupings. The WHO data repository was used to gather the information, which was then retrieved from the Kaggle website, a reputable data science resource. The dataset contains variables including vaccination, mortality, economy, social factors, and other health-related variables. It covers the years 2000 to 2015 for 193 nations. These factors are taken into account when this study uses data analytics and machine learning to implement life expectancy. After examining numerous regression methods, the Random Forest Regressor was chosen since it generated the greatest accuracy among the models studied.

First report on the life history of the marine amphipod Ceradocus mizani and its implication for aquaculture

AbstractThe search for alternative live feed for aquaculture stocks has inspired research into marine amphipods. In this study, the life history of Ceradocus mizani was evaluated to better understand how this amphipod might be used in aquaculture as an alternative feed. The amphipods did not display copulatory behavior during the study period. The females were multivoltine and attained sexual maturity on average in 23.6 days at a mean length of 4.64 mm. The incubation period lasted 8.8 days, and the mean number of juveniles produced per brood during that incubation period was relatively low (7.58). Females produced a mean of 5.2 consecutive broods and 39.4 total juveniles over the life span. (i.e., 0.33 juveniles/day). Sex ratio was female skewed (1.55:1). Female size and the number of juveniles produced per brood were positively correlated (R2 = 0.63). The mean life span for females and males was 119.4 and 91.2 days, respectively. Mean maximum length was 9.26 mm for males and 8.18 mm for females. This is the first account of the life history of C. mizani and forms the basis for future studies of this marine amphipod.

Urban runoff mortality syndrome in zooplankton caused by tire wear particles

Stormwater runoff from roadways is a global threat to water quality, aquatic organisms, and ecosystems. Tire tread wear particles (TWP) from roadway runoff may lead to urban runoff mortality syndrome (URMS) in some aquatic organisms. We tested the hypothesis that urban runoff from roadways can kill zooplankton. Both roadway runoff and TWP leachate were acutely lethal to a model species, the water flea Daphnia pulex. Life table experiments further revealed the lowered survival rates, intrinsic rate of increase, average life span, and net productive rate of D. pulex when exposed to roadway runoff and TWP leachate. The tire rubber antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) mainly contributed to the TWP toxicity. The toxicity of TWP and 6PPD extracted varied with time in nature. Cladocerans and rotifers were more sensitive to TWP and 6PPD than copepods. These results demonstrate the presence of URMS in zooplankton, which may cascade through food webs and affect aquatic ecosystems.

Analysis Of Statistical Data on Dementia and Seeking Potential Correlations and Research Directions

Modern human society is plagued by many diseases that were previously unappreciated, dementia being one of these diseases. Due to advances in modern medicine, the average human lifespan has increased greatly. However, many diseases have also emerged as a result of the longevity of humans. This article tries to find the potential factors that lead to dementia by analyzing data from a dementia study of 150 subjects at Washington University. The paper focuses on screening and analyzing the data by using R language and programs, and the proportions of subjects were calculated and compared according to gender. In addition, age, eTIV, nWBV, and ASF were subjected to binary analysis and scatterplots in permutations and combinations. The study did not find potential associations for variables other than eTIV and ASF. This study primarily used data statistics and analysis to provide possible potential research directions for clinical researchers in this field, with the hope that future research will lead to breakthroughs in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Zeghdοudi distribution in acceptance sampling plans based on truncated life tests with real data application

The acceptance sampling plan (ASP) is one of the key statistics resources in the industrial sector. It entails the decision-making process for accepting or rejecting the products. The investigated quality parameter is the test unit's mean lifespan. This study develops a new ASP for Zeghdοudi distribution (ZD) when the lifetime is shortened to a specific degree. The optimal plan parameters are accomplished by obtaining the minimum sample size mandatory to ensure the identified mean lifetime for fixing the consumer's risk. Besides, the characteristic operating function (OCF) values for the ASP are displayed, and the producer's risk is determined. Several helpful tables are developed for the suggested ASP based on the ZD for suitable employment. An actual data set is fitted to the Zeghdoudi model and other models to examine the applicability of the suggested ASP in the production sector.

Dauer larva-derived extracellular vesicles extend the life of Caenorhabditis elegans

There is growing evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a functional role in tissue repair and anti-aging by transferring the contents of donor cells to recipient cells. We hypothesized that Dauer (C. elegans), known as “ageless” nematodes, can also secrete extracellular vesicles and influence the lifespan of C. elegans. Here, we isolated EVs of dauer larvae (dauer EVs). Dauer EVs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot analysis. Wild-type C. elegans were fed in the presence or absence of dauer EVs and tested for a range of phenotypes, including longevity, mobility and reproductive capacity. Results showed that dauer EVs increased the average lifespan of nematodes by 15.74%, improved mobility, slowed age-related pigmentation as well as body length, and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipids, while not impairing nematode reproductive capacity. These findings suggest that dauer EVs can extend the lifespan of C. elegans as well as the healthy lifespan by reducing ROS accumulation, with potential anti-aging capacity.

Effect of roxadustat on red blood cell lifespan in patients with long-term haemodialysis: a single-centre, prospective, single-arm study.

Reduced survival of red blood cells (RBCs) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is thought to contribute to renal anaemia. Although renal anaemia improved greatly because of the wide use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and the advancement of dialysis techniques, RBC longevity seems not to be obviously ameliorated. In this single-centre, single-arm trial, patients who had been undergoing haemodialysis and ESA therapy with epoetin alfa for at least 12weeks changed their anti-anaemia drugs from epoetin alfa to oral roxadustat three times per week for 24weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in RBC lifespan from baseline at week 24. The change in the circulating percentage of eryptotic RBCs, RBC deformability and RBC oxygen transport ability were also assessed. A total of 27 patients were enrolled, with 26 completing the full course of intervention. At baseline, the average RBC lifespan was 60.1days [standard deviation (SD) 14.4; n=27]. At the end of the study period, 26 patients had an RBC lifespan measurement (83.9days on average; SD 21.9). The RBC lifespan increased by 22.8days on average [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.5-30.0, P<.001]. This equated to an average RBC lifespan increase of 39.2% (95% CI 27.8-50.6). The percentage of circulating eryptotic RBCs, erythrocyte filtration index and the pressure at which haemoglobin is 50% saturated decreased significantly from baseline to week 24 (1.39±0.44% versus 0.89±0.25%, P<.0001; 0.29±0.12 versus 0.16±0.08, P<.0001 and 32.54±4.83 versus 28.40±2.29, P<.001, respectively). Roxadustat prolonged RBC lifespan in patients with long-term haemodialysis.

Developmental Biology of Trichospilus pupivorus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Pupal Parasitoid of the Coconut Black-headed Caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae)

Background: The coconut black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) has been a serious defoliator of coconut plants in many coconut producing countries including Vietnam. Trichospilus pupivorus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is pupal endo-parasitoid of O. arenosella with high percent parasitism and abundance in the coconut fields and appears to be a good biological control agent against the coconut black-headed caterpillar in Vietnam. The objective of this study was to investigate the developmental biology of T. pupivorus on O. arenosella. Methods: The experiment was carried out at the Faculty of Agronomy, Nong Lam University, Viet Nam during 2020 and 2021. The developmental biology of T. pupivorus on O. arenosella was studied in the laboratory at a constant temperature of 28°C and a photoperiod of 12L: 8D. Result: Total developmental time from egg to adult emergence was 14.0 days. The females laid a mean of 124.2 eggs during an average lifespan of 9.4 days. The number of progenies emergence from a single pupa of O. arenosella was 103.8. The offspring sex ratio was female-biased (8.0%). The results would contribute to the knowledge of the biology of this parasitoid to optimize a mass rearing system for a biological control program against O. arenosella.

Ecological response of Rotaria rotatoria (Bdelloid Rotifera) to unbalanced nitrogen in food: experimental insights from life history strategy and feeding behavior

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) cycle in ecosystems has been overbalanced by human activities. However, it remains uncertain whether the altered N supply results in a change in the elemental composition of phytoplankton and, consequently, affects the life history strategy of zooplankton. To investigate these impacts, a simple lab-based food chain was established. Results show that lack or excess of nitrogen reduced algal density, cell volume, growth rate and chlorophyll content. Moreover, N content in algae significantly increased with increased N concentration in the medium, and reached saturation at concentrations ≥5 mg·L−1. Feeding on algae grown in a low-nitrogen or no nitrogen mediums resulted in faster decline in age-specific survival of rotifers, and slower population growth, as well as longer generation time. In order to make up for nutritional shortage, grazing and filtration rates increased. On the other hand, rotifers feeding on algae grown in high-N mediums (A50 and A200) had significantly shorter average lifespan and life expectancy at hatching. Therefore, nitrogen imbalances have adverse effects on the growth, development and reproduction of both primary producers and herbivorous zooplankton in the food chain.

Life expectancy of mesocephalic, dolichocephalic and brachycephalic dog breeds in Switzerland

Lifespan and time of death of dogs died in Switzerland between 2016 and 2020 were evaluated in order to increase the awareness of the public to animal welfare-related consequences of extreme brachycephalic breeding and to clarify the torture breeding problem of dogs suffering from brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Skull shape, body size, country of origin and altitude of the registered place of residence at the time of death were analysed in a set of anonymized data from the national animal database Amicus as potential factors influencing the life expectancy. Death rate during summer months and the altitude of the reported place of residence at death were analysed in relation to the skull shape to demonstrate the heat intolerance of brachycephalic dog breeds. The final dataset included 137 469 dogs. The average age of death of the study population was 11,8 years, mixed breeds reaching a higher average age of 12,4 years than purebred dogs with 11,5 years. Bodyweight classification, skull shape and the origin of the dogs had a significant effect on the average lifespan. Giant breeds reached with 9,0 years the lowest mean age compared to the other bodyweight categories. The mean life expectancy of brachycephalic dogs was 9,8 years, i.e., 2,1 and 1,7 years less than mesocephalic and dolichocephalic dogs, respectively. Brachycephalic dogs and dogs imported from abroad showed increased mortality at a young age.

Average lifespan shortened due to cancer in selected countries of North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania, 2006 and 2016.

We applied a novel measure of average lifespan shortened (ALSS) to examine changes in lifespan among patients who died of cancer over a 10-year period from 2006 to 2016 in 20 selected high-income countries from North America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. We retrieved cancer deaths in each country from the World Health Organization mortality database. We calculated ALSS as a ratio of years of life lost to the expected lifespan among patients who died from cancer. Between 2006 and 2016, we observed modest changes in ALSS for overall cancer deaths over the study in many countries. The changes in the ALSS over time due to any cancer ranged between -1.7 and +0.4 percentage points (pps) among men and between -1.9 and +0.6 pps among women. Across countries, overall cancer deaths led to an average loss between 16% and 22% of their lifespan in men, and between 18% and 24% in women. Across cancer sites, patients who died of central nervous system cancers, for instance, lost a large proportion of their lifespan. In this study, we demonstrated the use of ALSS across selected high-income countries, which enables population-level assessment of premature mortality among cancer patients over time.

CONTESTING THE COVID-19 CONSENSUS: CONNECTIVE ACTION OF PSEUDOANONYMOUS ACCOUNTS ON FINNISH TWITTER

Recent years have witnessed invigorated debate about the contradictions of identity-concealing public participation and its influence on democratic deliberation and policy-making. Some have documented the exploitation of misrepresented identities for manipulation, including the manufacturing and disrupting of political discourses. Others argue that pseudonymous speech fosters less conformist and more secure public spaces for critical social commentary and political activism. In this study, we extend this dichotomy by approaching pseudoanonymous online action as connective action; as focused and communicative political activism aimed to contest the authorities’ Covid-19 response during the pandemic in Finland. Our empirical analysis uses the historical Twitter data, over 4.2 million tweets, by pseudoanonymous Twitter accounts predominantly tweeting about Covid-19 (n = 229). Using mention and retweet networks combined with profile metrics and qualitative reading of tweets filtered through the network analysis, we explore the networked activity of these accounts, the strategies they have employed to contest authorities, and their connections to political actors and other more organized forms of mobilization around Covid-19. The preliminary analysis highlights the prominence of these accounts in Covid-19 related Twitter discussions, along with their distinct behavioural features. Pseudoanonymous accounts average shorter lifespans and higher deactivation rates. Some accounts have transitioned from named accounts towards identity-concealing action during the observation period. Further, our analysis reveals a symbiotic relationship between the pseudoanonymous accounts and the established Covid-19 movements. We argue that pseudoanonymous participation is an increasingly emblematic form of connective action afforded by social media platforms, particularly fitted to undermine the legitimacy of authorities.

Base editing rescue of spinal muscular atrophy in cells and in mice.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the leading genetic cause of infant mortality, arises from survival motor neuron (SMN) protein insufficiency resulting from SMN1 loss. Approved therapies circumvent endogenous SMN regulation and require repeated dosing or may wane. We describe genome editing of SMN2, an insufficient copy of SMN1 harboring a C6>T mutation, to permanently restore SMN protein levels and rescue SMA phenotypes. We used nucleases or base editors to modify five SMN2 regulatory regions. Base editing converted SMN2 T6>C, restoring SMN protein levels to wild type. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9-mediated base editor delivery in Δ7SMA mice yielded 87% average T6>C conversion, improved motor function, and extended average life span, which was enhanced by one-time base editor and nusinersen coadministration (111 versus 17 days untreated). These findings demonstrate the potential of a one-time base editing treatment for SMA.

Extraction and functional properties of pigment from pumpkin peels by a novel green deep eutectic alcohol two-phase system

Pumpkin peel pigments contain a variety of natural antioxidants carotenoids including α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoflavin, and xanthine, etc.. Conventional extraction methods generally have low yields and high energy consumption. To explore a green and efficient extraction process, firstly, different kinds and proportions of deep eutectic solvent (DES) alcohol two-aqueous phase system were prepared, and then ultrasound-assisted cellulase was used to optimize the parameters by Box-Behnken design (BBD) on the basis of single factor experiment. The results showed that the extraction solvent was determined as DES (choline chloride: triethylene glycol = 1 : 3) and ethanol = 6 : 4, the yield of the pigments was 2.460% ± 0.037% at cellulase dosage of 2.10%, solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 40 g/mL, ultrasonic power of 300 W for 40 min. The inhibition rate of the pigments to α-amylase and sucrase was 82.20% ± 0.90% and 75.63% ± 1.19%, respectively, at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. They could significantly prolong the survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans under hydrogen peroxide stress (p < 0.05), and the mean lifespans of C. elegans reach 9.047 ± 0.296 h, which was significantly higher than that of the negative control (2.717 ± 0.125 h) and the positive control group (5.067 ± 0.327 h). They also significantly enhanced the activities of T-SOD (>77.17%) and CAT (>112.09%) and reduced the level of MDA (p < 0.05), indicating that the pigments played an important role in alleviating oxidative stress damage, and with great development value as a recyclable resource.