Mean Level Of Knowledge Research Articles

Bridging the Knowledge Gap on Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Nursing Students

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent nutritional disorder characterized by a significant reduction in the body’s iron stores, affecting oxygen transport and leading to various health complications. Specific Background: The understanding of IDA among nursing students is underdeveloped, especially regarding the differences between morning and evening study cohorts. Knowledge Gap: Understanding nursing students' knowledge of IDA is critical for enhancing educational strategies and improving patient care, yet limited studies have assessed this demographic's awareness of the condition and its management. Aims: This study aims to evaluate nursing students' knowledge about IDA and to compare the levels of knowledge between morning and evening students at the College of Nursing, University of Basrah, over a six-month period from November 2023 to March 2024. Results: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 145 students (72 morning and 73 evening) who completed a questionnaire. Results indicated that 40.2% of morning students and 53.4% of evening students suffered from iron deficiency. While 86.1% of morning students had prior knowledge of IDA compared to 67.1% of evening students, the mean knowledge levels were deemed good for both groups, with no significant statistical difference between them. Novelty: This research contributes to the existing literature by highlighting knowledge levels of IDA among nursing students in Iraq, revealing that both morning and evening cohorts possess substantial understanding yet exhibit slight discrepancies. Implications: The findings underscore the necessity for targeted educational interventions to bridge the knowledge gap regarding IDA, ultimately enhancing nursing students' competencies in managing this condition in clinical settings. Highlights: IDA Prevalence: 40.2% morning students and 53.4% evening students affected. Knowledge Difference: 86.1% morning vs. 67.1% evening students aware of IDA. Educational Need: Targeted interventions required for improved IDA management in nursing education. Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia, nursing students, knowledge assessment, educational interventions, Iraq

Tumor board simulation improves interdisciplinary decision-making in medical students

IntroductionTraining of interdisciplinary clinical reasoning and decision-making skills, essential in daily clinical practice in oncological specialties, are still underrepresented in medical education. Therefore, at LMU University Hospital Munich, we implemented a didactically modified tumor board simulation with experts from five different disciplines (medical oncology, pathology, radiation oncology, radiology, and surgery) presenting patient cases into a one-week course on the basic principles of oncology. In this survey, we examined the self-assessed impact of our course on the interdisciplinary decision-making skills of medical students.MethodsBetween November-December 2023 and January-February 2024, we surveyed two cohorts of medical students in the third year of medical school in our one-week course before and after participating in the tumor board simulation. The objective was to evaluate the self-assessed knowledge in interdisciplinary clinical decision-making, in integrating ethical considerations into clinical reasoning, and in comprehension of various professional viewpoints in interdisciplinary decision-making. Knowledge was assessed using a five-step Likert scale from 1 (no knowledge) to 5 (complete knowledge).ResultsThe survey was answered by 76 students before and 55 after the simulation, equaling 60–70% of all 100 course participants. Mean knowledge level regarding principles of interdisciplinary clinical decision-making improved significantly in all of the following exemplary aspects: purpose and procedure of tumor boards in clinical practice (from 2.4 ± 1.1 to 4.0 ± 1.0, Spearman’s ρ = 0.6, p < 0.001), principles of dealing with ethical challenges in oncology (from 2.4 ± 1.1 to 3.4 ± 1.0, ρ = 0.4, p < 0.001), and principles of shared decision-making in oncology (2.7 ± 1.1 to 3.7 ± 1.0, ρ = 0.4, p < 0.001). Students reported that their skills in clinical decision-making and ability to discuss oncological patient cases from different professional viewpoints improved due to the teaching course.ConclusionBy employing our interdisciplinary one-week course and a didactically modified tumor board simulation featuring experts from various oncological disciplines, medical students’ comprehension of interdisciplinary clinical decision-making in oncology improved significantly.

The impact of hypertension education on self-care management in hypertensive patients in Senderak village health centre.

To determine the effect of hypertension education on self-care management in hypertensive patients in a rural setting. The quasi-experimental study was conducted in January and February 2022 at the Senderak Village Health Centre, Bengkalis, Indonesia, and comprised hypertension patients without any complications referred to the community health centre between August 2021 and January 2022. The subjects underwent self-care education intervention. The knowledge level was assessed at baseline and post-intervention using the Hypertension Self-Management Behaviour Questionnaire. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistic v23 software. All the 30(100%) patients were females, 12(40%) were aged 46-55 years, 20(66.7%) had received elementary school education and 25(83.3%) were housewives. There were 21(70%) respondents with stage II hypertension having systolic blood pressure ≥160mmHg. The mean level of knowledge about self-care management of hypertension increased significantly post-intervention (p<0.0001). Health education could improve knowledge on self-care management of hypertension in hypertensive patients.

Cluster analysis of cancer knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in the Moroccan population

BackgroundCancer has become a major health concern due to the increasing morbidity and mortality rates, and its negative social, economic consequences and the heavy financial burden incurred by cancer patients. About 40% of cancers are preventable. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cancer prevention, and associated characteristics to inform the development of targeted cancer prevention campaigns and policies.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of adult patients at Mohamed Sekkat and Sidi Othmane Hospitals in Casablanca, Morocco. Data collection was conducted by two trained interviewers who administered the questionnaire in-person in the local language. An unsupervised clustering approach included 17 candidate variables for the cluster analysis. The variables covered a wide range of characteristics, including demographics, health perceptions and attitudes. Survey answers were calculated to compose qualitative ordinal categories, including a cancer attitude score and knowledge score.ResultsThe cluster-based analysis showed that participants in cluster 1 had the highest mean attitude score (13.9 ± 2.15) and percentage of individuals with a high level of knowledge (50.8%) whereas the lowest mean attitude score (9.48 ± 2.02) and knowledge level (7.5%.) were found in cluster 3. The participants with the lowest cancer attitude scores and knowledge levels were aged 34 to 47 years old (middle age group), predominantly females, living in rural settings, and were least likely to report health professionals as a source of health information.ConclusionsThe findings showed that female individuals living in rural settings, belonging to an older age group, who were least likely to use health professionals as an information source had the lowest levels of knowledge and attitudes. These groups are amenable to targeted and tailored interventions aiming to modify their understanding of cancer in order to enhance the outcomes of Morocco’s on-going efforts in cancer prevention and control strategies.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward ultrasound screening for breast cancer among women

BackgroundSeveral obstacles can hinder breast cancer screening. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward ultrasound screening for breast cancer in women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited women who visited the breast specialist clinic of Zhongshan City People’s Hospital (a tertiary hospital) between August 2022 and April 2023 through convenience sampling. KAP scores ≥70% were considered adequate.ResultsThis study enrolled 501 participants. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice levels were 8.56 ± 1.81/12 (possible range 0–12, 71.33%), 29.80 ± 2.71 (possible range 8–40, 74.50%), and 32.04 ± 3.09 (possible range 8–40, 80.10%). Senior high school education (vs. junior high school and below, coefficient = 1.531, 95%CI: 1.013–2.312, p = 0.044), bachelor’s education and above (vs. junior high school and below, coefficient = 5.315, 95%CI: 3.546–7.966, p &amp;lt; 0.001), housewife or unemployed (vs. employed, coefficient = 0.671, 95%CI: 0.466–0.966, p = 0.032), and a history of breast ultrasound (vs. no, coefficient = 1.466, 95%CI: 1.121–1.917, p = 0.005) were independently and positively associated with knowledge. Knowledge (coefficient = 1.303, 95%CI: 1.100–1.544, p = 0.002) and monthly income &amp;gt;10,000 (vs. &amp;lt;5,000, coefficient = 4.364, 95%CI: 1.738–10.956, p = 0.002) were independently and positively associated with attitude. Only attitude (coefficient = 1.212, 95%CI: 1.096–1.340, p &amp;lt; 0.001) was independently and positively associated with the practice. A structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was used to estimate causality among KAP dimensions, showing that knowledge directly influenced attitude (β = −1.090, p = 0.015), knowledge did not directly influence practice (β = −0.117, p = 0.681) but had an indirect influence (β = 0.826, p = 0.028), and attitude directly influenced practice (β = −0.757, p = 0.016).ConclusionWomen in Zhongshan City had good knowledge, favorable attitudes, and active practice toward breast ultrasound screening for breast cancer. Women’s characteristics associated with a poorer KAP were identified, allowing for more targeted interventions.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental implants among dentists in Hyderabad city, Telangana: A cross-sectional study

Abstract: Background: Implants have emerged as a successful treatment option for the replacement of lost teeth. As dentists are the important source of information regarding implants, their knowledge and understanding of treatment options have a beneficial impact on patients’ choice of treatments. The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental implants among dental postgraduates and practitioners in Hyderabad city, Telangana. Materials and Methods: Out of total 599 samples, 286 were dental postgraduates and 313 were practitioners. A self-administered validated 27-item questionnaire containing demographic details and knowledge, attitude, and practice-based questions was used to collect the data through Google Forms or personal interview. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 20. Results: The mean knowledge scores were notably higher among elderly dentists (7.69 ± 1.6), with over a decade of experience (7.8 ± 1.52) and had undergone implant training (8.07 ± 1.36). The majority of elderly dentists (89.7%) and with over 10 years of experience (89.4%) exhibited a positive attitude toward dental implants. Moreover, a significant proportion of elderly dentists (51.6%) and with more than 10 years of experience (62.6%), as well as institutional-based practitioners (60%) and who received implant training (76.4%), felt that they are competent enough to place implants significantly. Conclusion: Majority of subjects had knowledge on the various aspects of dental implants and preferred dental implants over removable partial denture or fixed partial denture (RPD/FPD). Mean knowledge level significantly increased with age, experience, and exposure to training. Dentist practice levels were significantly influenced by age, gender, experience, qualification, and implant training.

Impact of dysmenorrhea on urban school girls in Tanzania: the need for a comprehensive menstrual health management guideline

Impact of dysmenorrhea on urban school girls in Tanzania: the need for a comprehensive menstrual health management guideline

Assessment of Knowledge and Practice on Radiation Protection in Radiological Imaging Among Healthcare Professionals at HPUniSZA

Ionizing radiation aids in diagnosing and treating diseases. However, without proper knowledge and practice of radiation protection, it can be harmful, especially among healthcare professionals. This study aims to examine the knowledge and practice of radiation protection among healthcare workers at the HPUniSZA. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the HPUniSZA from March 2022 to June 2023 for healthcare professionals in HPUniSZA. The questionnaire was distributed online and through face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze sociodemographic, knowledge, and practice of radiation protection while Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between knowledge and practice of radiation protection among the respondents. A total of 60 healthcare professionals in HPUniSZA participated in this study. The mean knowledge level was found to be 6.20 (SD, 2.905) indicating a range of medium-good level of knowledge of radiation protection while for practice was found to be 8.20 (SD, 2.394) indicating a good practice of radiation protection among healthcare professionals. A significant positive and fair correlation (r = 0.48, p &lt; 0.001) was demonstrated between knowledge and practice levels on radiation protection in radiological imaging. The knowledge level and the practice of radiation protection among healthcare professionals are in the range of medium-good level and good levels respectively. There is a correlation between knowledge and practice of radiation protection among healthcare professionals in HPUniSZA. Assessing the knowledge and practice of radiation protection among healthcare professionals is of utmost importance to ensure patient safety, minimize radiation risks, and facilitate effective and efficient healthcare delivery both now and in the future.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Frontline Health Care Workers to Disaster Risk Management in Private General Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Disaster is an acute dysfunction of the existing environment that requires external assistance. Although disaster has had a significant impact in Ethiopia, little is known about KAP of frontline HCW on disaster management in private hospitals. Therefore, this study will be a background for future researches and disaster management plan in private health sectors. The study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices and their influencing factors among frontline healthcare workers on disaster risk management in private general hospitals in Addis Ababa. The study design was multicenter cross-sectional survey that used structured closed- and open-ended questions. Multi-stage sampling technique was used. The sample size was 270 with a response rate of 98.9%. The study was conducted in frontline HCW of six private general hospitals from July 20-September 30, 2022. Epi-info version 7.0 and SPSS-25 were used for data clearing and statistical analysis. Level of KAP was calculated from the participants' scores of the questions. Associations were done by using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Of the participants, 64% had poor level of knowledge, and 89.10% had poor level of practice while 93.6% had positive attitude. Lack of previous training, inadequate level of practice, and health experience below one year were negatively associated with good level of knowledge. Poor level of knowledge was negatively associated with good practice. Although the majority of the participants had positive attitude, the mean level of knowledge and practice were poor to properly handle disastrous events.

What Mothers Know about Newborn Bloodspot Screening and the Sources They Use to Acquire This Knowledge: A Pilot Study in Flanders.

To learn what mothers know about newborn bloodspot screening (NBS), the procedure, and the sources used, a pilot study was performed. An online questionnaire was developed, with the first part focused on characteristics and the NBS procedure, and the second on knowledge, information sources, and health care providers (HCPs). This questionnaire was accessible until 200 answers were received. The characteristics of respondents were representative for the population. Mothers gave verbal consent in 69.5% of cases, 12.5% did not, and 18% stated that no consent was requested. The 'knowledge' part contained 12 closed questions, five multiple-choice questions on sources, and assessments (5-point Likert scores) of the information transfer. The mean knowledge level was 7.2/12. Screening concepts (consequences, likelihood, sensitivity, carrier) and absence of notification of normal findings were well known. The fact that NBS is not compulsory was poorly known, and post-analysis sample handling procedures were poorly understood. Key HCPs were midwifes (80.5%) and nurses (38.5%). When the leaflet (44%) was provided, the majority read it. Mean Likert scores were 3.36, 3.38, 3.11 and 3.35 for clarity, timing appropriateness, sufficiency, and usefulness. The knowledge level and consent practices were reasonably good. Key HCP were midwives and nurses, the leaflets were supporting. This should enable a quality improvement program to a sustainable NBS program in Flanders.

O.4.6-4 Engagement and knowledge in a participatory systems approach to promote physical activity and mental health at vocational schools in Denmark: the Data Health study

Abstract Purpose Strong community engagement and capacity have been associated with positive intervention outcomes in community-based participatory health promotion interventions. The Data-driven Health Promotion at Vocational schools (Data Health) study aims to catalyze systems change in vocational school settings through community-led collective health promoting actions targeting physical activity and mental health among students. Three Group Model Building (GMB 1-3) sessions were delivered at eight intervention sites to build capacity and engage schools, municipalities, and communities. As part of the process evaluation, we assessed level of stakeholder knowledge, used as an indicator for capacity, and engagement prior to implementation of actions. Methods Data were collected among participants at GMB-3 during 2022 using a modified version of the validated Stakeholder-driven Community Diffusion Survey assessing two factors: knowledge (eight items) and engagement (16 items). Five-point Likert scale scores were recoded to values between 0 (strongly disagree) to 1 (strongly agree) and means for each factor were calculated. T-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to compare level of knowledge and engagement by type of community actor and health theme. Results Across intervention sites, 120 completed the survey; &amp;gt;95% of all participants. Four sites (71 respondents) had chosen mental health as their focus area prior to GMB-3 while four sites had chosen physical activity (49 respondents). Most respondents were students (58%), followed by Civic society actors (19%), vocational school staff (19%), Municipal staff (6%) and vocational management (3%) (2% missing). Mean level of engagement was 0.89 and mean level of knowledge was 0.78. Significant differences were found for both factors by chosen health theme (with lower levels at mental health sites, p &amp;lt; 0.05) and type of community actor (with lower levels among student and municipal staff, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions High levels of knowledge among local stakeholders are needed to understand and support diffusion of evidence-informed interventions through the community; high levels of engagement are a prerequisite for inducing collaborative and sustainable efforts. Assessment of knowledge and engagement prior to implementation of actions is important to understand outcomes across intervention sites in the Data Health study. Support/Funding Source The Danish Regions, Tværspuljen, Helsefonden, University of Southern Denmark, in-kind contributions.

The Importance of Adolescent Reproductive Organ Care: Tips and Tricks for Future Health

Adolescents entering puberty are distinguished by a period of sexual maturation and they are confronted with situations requiring adjustments to accommodate the occurring changes. Sexual maturity and changes in body shape greatly affect the psychological life of adolescents. In addition, sexual maturity also causes adolescents to become interested in the anatomy and physiology of their bodies. Apart from being attracted to himself, he also begins to feel attracted to peers of the opposite sex. Correct Information and Risk Preparedness: Early teens should get accurate and thorough knowledge about menstruation, reproduction, and sexually transmitted illnesses through reproductive health education. The target of the service is early youth, namely students of SD Muhammadiyah Tamantirto Yogyakarta, especially grades 4 and grade 5. The method used is lectures and questions and answers by providing health education about reproductive health as well as health care tips and tricks. The level of student satisfaction with this health education activity was high. 98% of the students were satisfied with literacy knowledge of reproductive health as well as health care tips and tricks carried out by this community service team. In the analysis of the the average knowledge, the level of the pretest results was 70.61 and the posttest results’ mean knowledge level is 74.77. There was a significant increase in the level of students' knowledge

Knowledge of physical activity, physical activity level and waist-to-hip ratio in adults with diabetes in a Ghanaian municipality.

To investigate the knowledge about physical activity, physical activity levels and waist-to-hip ratio among persons living with diabetes in the Ho Municipality. Cross-sectional observation study. The researcher collected data from two diabetes clinics in the Ho Municipality of Ghana. Consenting persons living with diabetes who attended the diabetes clinics. Participants' waist-to-hip ratio, knowledge of the physical activity and level of activity according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. There were 106 participants, and the modal age was 60 years or older (50.94% (n= 54)). Of the total, 62.3% (n = 66) were women, and the mean knowledge level was 12.7±1.58 (range: 0-17). Mean waist-to-hip ratio was 0.92 ± 0.10) with 25.5% (n = 27) men and 48.1% (n = 51) women recording abnormally increased waist-to-hip ratios. Additionally, 44% of participants engaged in low physical activity levels, whereas 10% participated in high levels. There were no significant associations between physical activity levels and waist-to-hip ratios (r = 0.176, p=0.071). Persons with diabetes in the Ho Municipality mostly engaged in low and moderate physical activity levels and had abnormally increased waist-to-hip ratios suggesting abdominal obesity. Knowledge of physical activity may be associated with physical activity performance and waist-to-hip ratio, bearing an inverse association with physical activity levels. None declared.

Educational Media in Increasing Knowledge and Participation of Prospective Fathers in Preparation for Healthy Pregnancy

There have been 85 million pregnancies worldwide are unplanned pregnancies. Of these unwanted pregnancies, 38% ended in abortions, miscarriages, and unplanned deliveries. Efforts to prevent unwanted pregnancies have been attempted in various ways by various parties. At the beginning of 2022, based on media exploration for the Play Store and YouTube applications, we found several applications and videos related to preparing for a healthy pregnancy. Search results from various online media have not specifically focused on the role of men (prospective fathers) in preparing for a healthy pregnancy. With the preparation of healthy pregnancies by men as prospective fathers, it is hoped that the pregnancy occurring can be properly prepared and planned. This study used a quasi-experimental method. The research was conducted at one Community Health Center in the East Jakarta Region. Respondents were prospective grooms (fathers) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The number of respondents was 96 people. The research instrument used was a pre-and post-intervention questionnaire. The treatment given to respondents was providing educational media using video and leaflet media—analysis of research data using univariate analysis, chi-square, and different tests (independent T-test). Two of the respondent's characteristic variables have a significant relationship with the respondent's level of knowledge about healthy pregnancy preparation, namely education level (P value 0.000) and history of information exposure ((P value 0.000). Two of the respondent's characteristic variables have a significant relationship with the respondent's participation in pregnancy preparation healthy, namely the level of income (P value 0.000) and history of information exposure ((P value 0.05). There is a significant difference (&lt;0.000) in the mean level of knowledge and level of participation of respondents in preparation for healthy pregnancies before and after providing education. The group using the media Video-based education has a higher mean participation rate than the group using leaflets (significance &lt;0.05).&#x0D;

Determination of Knowledge and Attitudes of Cardiac Surgery Nurses Regarding the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol

PurposeThis study aimed to examine the knowledge and attitudes of cardiac surgery nurses regarding the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol. DesignThis was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. MethodsThe sample consisted of 50 nurses working in the cardiovascular surgery clinic of a university hospital in the province of Izmir, Turkey. A questionnaire consisting of three sections was prepared by the researchers to collect data. The first section of the form captured sociodemographic and descriptive characteristics; the second section examined the level of knowledge about the enhanced recovery protocol for cardiac surgery; the third section captured the nurses' attitudes regarding the enhanced recovery protocol. The questionnaire was distributed to the nurses and the research data were collected after a certain amount of time. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. FindingsThe mean age of the nurses was 31.26 ± 6.74 (min = 23, max = 47); 78% were female; 76% had a bachelor's degree; 48% were employed in the intensive care unit. The mean score of the nurses regarding their level of knowledge on the enhanced recovery protocol for cardiac surgery was 18.70 ± 5.29 (min = 0.00, max = 28.00); the mean score regarding attitude toward the enhanced recovery protocol after surgery was 30.00 ± 3.86 (min = 12.00, max = 33.00). There was a positive, moderate, statistically significant correlation (r = 0.396, P = .005) between the mean knowledge level score and the mean attitude level score. ConclusionsResults showed that nurses' knowledge was at a moderately positive level. Increasing the level of knowledge increased positive attitudes. Recommendations include disseminating protocol information and providing necessary training to increase positive attitudes in an effort to ensure protocol adherance.

The effect of individualized education on stylistic changesamong M.I. patients

Life is a precious, Lord -given gift to mankind. Pulse rate represents life &amp; lack of it pronounces death. The heart pumps blood throughout the body from conception till the death. A heart is essential to sustain life.A true experimental, posttest research design was adopted. A sample of 60 post M I patients were selected by using non-probability convenient sampling technique, 30 in each experimental and control group. The mean knowledge level score and standard deviation of the experimental group was 21.86 (SD=2.20) higher than mean (10.57) and standard deviation (SD=3.49) of the control group and „t‟ value 14.72.Two mean „t‟ for independent samples showed a significant difference in the post test knowledge score on stylistic changesamong experimental and control group at 0.05 level. This finding indicated that the individualized education was highly effective. : Individualized education on the stylistic changeswas highly effective, eminent and cost-effective intervention for improving the knowledge and creating awareness among post myocardial infarction patients about the stylistic changesand helped them to adopt a healthy lifestyle post myocardial infarction.

Pediatricians’ knowledge, attitude and practice on treating children with red eye disease

BackgroundPediatricians play an important role in the early detection and prompt treatment of ocular disorders in children, including red eye disease. Our aim was to examine the knowledge level of pediatricians regarding treating children with red eye disease, as well as the factors that affect the knowledge level, and the potential implications of a low level of knowledge.MethodsIn this correlational quantitative study, 152 expert pediatricians completed a questionnaire that included questions on knowledge, attitudes, and experience in treating red eye disease.ResultsRespondents’ mean level of knowledge was moderate. Most of the respondents (89.5%) knew that the most likely diagnosis for a child with red eyes and a discharge is viral conjunctivitis and that pain, blurred vision, and a clouded cornea, are symptoms indicative of a more complex systemic problem. In contrast, 78.3% of the pediatricians claimed that the treatment of choice for viral conjunctivitis is a conservative treatment that includes eye flushing and strict hygiene. However, 14.5% (n = 22) of the pediatricians were found to prescribe antibiotics. A negative association was found between the pediatrician’s age and years of experience, and level of knowledge concerning treatment of children with red eye. A strong positive association was found between pediatricians’ level of knowledge and their attitudes to performing eye tests. Moreover, a negative association was found between the level of knowledge and the number of cases in which pediatricians prescribed antibiotics for children with red eye.ConclusionsThe research findings indicate that lack of knowledge was more conspicuous among pediatricians with more experience. Knowledge appears to be critical both for readiness to treat red eye and for proper treatment. It is necessary to provide pediatricians with tools for treating eye disorders in children and to refresh their knowledge on red eye, particularly among pediatricians with more years of experience.

Knowledge, awareness, and presence of cardiovascular risk factors among college staff of a Nigerian University

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global morbidity often overlooked. Much of the population risk of CVD is attributable to modifiable risk factors, and the gaps in knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) are barriers to the effective prevention and treatment of CVDs.AimTo assess the knowledge, awareness, and CVD risk among the staff of the college of health science.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 70 academic and non-academic staff who consented were given questionnaires for cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) knowledge level, cardiovascular risk awareness (CRA), international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), and international stress management association questionnaire (ISMAQ). Selected anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar (FBG) were also measured.ResultsThe mean knowledge level of CVDs was 23.21 ± 3.230, and the mean CRA was 42.61 ± 4.237. The study participants demonstrated moderate-to-high stress (48%), physical inactivity of 18.9%, overweight/obesity of 62.48%, abdominal obesity of 21.4%, hypertensive (systole and diastole) of 27.2%, hyperglycemic of 7.2%, and smokers of 7.2%. There was a significant relationship between the participants’ knowledge level and awareness of CVDs (p < 0.003) and knowledge of CRFs also increased with an increase in educational level. Participants > 40 years had a 3–9% risk of having a CVD event within 10 years.ConclusionsThe knowledge and awareness of CRFs among the participants was high, and some exhibited risk factors. The staff of the university could improve their risk score by practicing health-promoting behaviors like increased physical activity, blood pressure control, and smoking cessation.

Critical Care Nurses' Knowledge of Tracheostomy Care.

Tracheostomy care is a standard procedure that nurses perform in Critical Care Units (CCUs) to reduce complications from tracheostomy. The literature indicates a clear variety of care and practice in managing tracheostomy patients within the healthcare system. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge level of tracheostomy care among nurses in CCUs in Jordanian hospitals. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used for this study. A convenience sample of 260 nurses working in the CCUs of four government hospitals completed a self-reported structured questionnaire. Data were collected from January 2021 to March 2021. A t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the differences among socio-demographic variables in terms of knowledge score. The result revealed that the level of knowledge was suboptimal. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean level of knowledge regarding tracheostomy care (in all dimensions) by age (F = 22.595, p < 0.001), educational level (F = 355.30, p < 0.001), and work experience (F = 13.63, p < 0.001). For gender, there was a statistically significant difference in knowledge of the tracheostomy suctioning dimension (p = 0.001). The level of knowledge among nurses regarding tracheostomy care was moderate, indicating an urgent need for education.

Public nutritional Knowledge toward the COVID-19 among Palestinian Population: A Cross- Sectional Study

Background: COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that affected multiple countries and sustained person-to-person transmission making it a concerning and serious public health threat. This pandemic has emphasized that good nutrition and a healthy life is the key to strengthening immunity. Aim of the study: To assess knowledge of nutrition toward the COVID-19 among the Palestinian population. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was launched at West Bank and Gaza Strip. A total number of 554 participants have shared the completion of this survey and the response rate was 90.2%. Results: The mean level of knowledge among participants was 65.38% and the study indicated that 55.8% behaving healthy nutritional habits. The analysis revealed that the mean score of knowledge increased by 1.61 comparing the oldest age groups (&gt;30 years) against the youngest group. As the same as, the knowledge mean score increased by 2.46 among the obese individuals according to BMI classification (&gt;30). Whereas, the knowledge mean score was increased significantly among those who work in medical sectors compared to others unemployed individuals. As well, the knowledge score increased by 2.04 among individuals with comorbidity than healthy ones. Conclusion: Nutritional knowledge score during COVID-19 was 67.03% and the knowledge about the body immunity system and the protective measures against COVID-19, scored a weighted mean of 76.21%. The level of knowledge among all participants did not reflect a satisfactory level of knowledge among the public regard COVID-19 while the level of behaving healthy nutritional habits illustrated that nearly 45% of the participants were practicing unhealthy nutritional behaviors. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 01 January’23 Page : 57-67