Mean High-density Lipoprotein Levels Research Articles

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin condition that affects 1-3% of the global population. Increasing evidence suggests a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among individuals with psoriasis. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of MetS in patients with psoriasis and compare the findings with existing literature. Methods This cross-sectional, hospital-based study included 311 patients with psoriasis. Data were retrospectively collected from hospital records. Results The study included 311 patients with psoriasis (144 females and 167 males), with a mean age of 41.6 years (range 18-87). The mean BMI was 27.13 ± 5.29 kg/m², and the average waist circumference was 93 cm. Mean fasting blood sugar levels were 100 mg/dL, mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was 44 mg/dL, and mean triglycerides were 132 mg/dL. MetS was diagnosed in 60 patients (19.3%). Patients with MetS had significantly higher mean waist circumference, higher rates of hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension, and lower mean HDL levels (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between MetS and psoriasis severity, disease duration, family history, smoking, or alcohol consumption habits. Conclusions In this study, the prevalence of MetS among patients with psoriasis was 19.3%. MetS prevalence was not linked to smoking status, alcohol consumption, family history of psoriasis, disease duration, or severity. It is crucial for dermatologists treating psoriasis patients to be aware of MetS, its components, and associated cardiovascular risks.

The Role of High-Density Lipoprotein, C-reactive Protein, and Serum Ferritin in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: An Observational Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.

Background Stroke is a significant global health issue, with a high prevalence of morbidity, mortality, and disability. We can classify strokes into two types: ischemic and hemorrhagic, with ischemic strokes being more common. This study aims to investigate the role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum ferritin levels in people who have had ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in order to identify possible biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods This observational cross-sectional comparative study included 100 stroke patients (50 ischemic and 50 hemorrhagic) from Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune. We collected data through clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. We measured and analyzed HDL, CRP, and serum ferritin levels using appropriate statistical tests, such as the chi-square test and Student t-test, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a 5% p-value for significance. Results The mean age for ischemic stroke patients was 55.92 years, whereas for hemorrhagic stroke patients, it was 58.68 years. The study found significant differences in HDL, CRP, and ferritin levels between the two groups. The mean HDL level for ischemic stroke patients was significantly lower at 25.10 mg/dL, compared to 40.57 mg/dL in hemorrhagic stroke patients, with a p-value of <0.001. The mean CRP level was higher in ischemic stroke patients (28.90 mg/L) compared to hemorrhagic stroke patients (22.80 mg/L), with a p-value of <0.001. Ferritin levels were also higher in hemorrhagic stroke patients (587.98 ng/mL) compared to ischemic stroke patients (473.16 ng/mL), with a statistically significant p-value of <0.001. Conclusion This study highlights the significant role of HDL, CRP, and serum ferritin levels in distinguishing between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. Elevated HDL levels may protect against ischemic strokes due to their anti-inflammatory properties, while higher CRP levels in ischemic strokes indicate a strong inflammatory response. Elevated ferritin levels in hemorrhagic strokes suggest increased oxidative stress and inflammation.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has an impact on myeloma outcome: Lower HDL associates with worse progression-free survival.

Multiple myeloma (MM) staging is based on beta‑2 MG, albumin, LDH levels, and the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. We aimed to evaluate the impact of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on myeloma outcomes. This study included 148individuals; 68patients diagnosed with MM and 80age, sex, comorbidity-matched controls. The relationship between HDL and myeloma stage and the association between HDL and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Sixty-five percent of patients were male in each group. Mean HDL level was higher in the control group than myeloma group (52.6 ± 15.02 mg/dl versus 33.79 ± 12.71) (p < 0.001). According to ISS, 39patients (57%) had advanced stage (ISS-III) disease. To assess the optimal cut-point for HDL that makes adifference in PFS, the X‑tile software program was used and in line with the created plots, the myeloma cohort was divided into two groups as HDL < 28 and ≥ 28 mg/dl. Twenty-two patients (32.4%) were in HDL < 28 group. According to the ISS, HDL < 28 group had more advanced disease than the HDL ≥ 28 group (p = 0.008). Twenty-nine patients (42.6%) progressed or died during the follow-up and 15of these were in the HDL < 28 group. Time to progression was shorter in patients who were in the HDL < 28 group (median, 22versus 40months, p = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference between these groups in terms of overall survival (p = 0.708). Myeloma patients have lower HDL than controls and HDL < 28 mg/dl associates with advanced-stage disease and shorter PFS. Therefore, HDL can be asurrogate prognostic marker in myeloma.

Coronary calcium score (CAC) appears to be independent of lipid profile in treated patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score has been shown to improve the risk stratification and prediction of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) in cohorts of patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) [i]. Objectives We sought to examine the CAC score in patients with FH who are on treatment and correlate to the therapy, Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Method Retrospective Analysis of patients with established diagnosis of FH from a specialist lipid clinic who underwent CAC for risk stratification. Results The study included 64 patients, of which 33 patients (52%) were males with an average age of 57.4 years. At diagnosis, the mean elevated TC level was 7.40 ±1.60 mmol/l. 37 patients (58%) were on statin, (7 patients were on Rosuvastatin 20 mg, 20 patients were on Atorvastatin 40 mg, 8 patients were on Atorvastatin 20 mg, 2 patients were on Atorvastatin 80 mg), 8 patients (12%) were on a combination of PCSK9 and statins, 3 patients (5%) were on fibrates (fenofibrates) 160 mg, 3 patients (5%) were on Ezetimibe 10 mg, 4 patients (6%) were on Bempedoic Acid 180 mg, 9 patients (15%) were on lifestyle modifications and did not prefer to start on any lipid lowering agents. 71% of patients with TC level of 7.29 ±1.87 mmol/l had a calcium score of less than 100. CAC of &amp;gt;100 was observed in 29% of patients with a TC level of 7.44 ±1.50 mmol/l. (p value of 0.741) CAC score &amp;gt;100 appeared independent of (A) LDL level (27% with a mean LDL level of 4.81±1.81 mmol/l versus 73% with a CAC &amp;lt;100 and a mean LDL level of 4.40 ±1.38mmol/l) (p value of 0.424) and of HDL level (29% of patients with a mean HDL level of 1.45 ±0.64mmol/l versus 71% with a CAC score&amp;lt; 100 with a mean HDL level of 1.44 ±0.61mmol/l) (p value of 0.768). Despite therapy, 45 patients (27 %) had high LDL level with a mean LDL level of 4.5 ±1.50mmol/l though we found no difference in CAC score between the two groups (p value of 0.424). Conclusion In a single centre retrospective analysis of patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia on therapy, there appears to be no correlation between the CAC score of more than 100 and baseline therapy, Total Cholesterol, LDL or HDL levels achieved. We postulate that more stringent LDL reduction to ~1.4mmol/l should be adopted with further analysis of Coronary calcium score in the long term.

Association between axial length and HDL in children: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundTo analyze the relationship between axial length and levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in children.MethodsA retrospective, hospital-based cross-sectional research with 69 right eyes from 69 children who underwent health examination by Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital was carried out. The participants were split into three groups: Group A (axial length < = 23 mm), Group B (axial length 23–24 mm), and Group C (axial length > 24 mm). Demographic epidemiological information, blood biochemical parameters and ophthalmic characteristics including refractive status and ocular geometric parameters were obtained and analyzed.Results69 right eyes from 69 patients (25 males and 44 females) with a median age of 10.00 years old (IQR: 8.00–11.00 years) were included in the study. Within Group A, there were a total of 17 individuals; Group B consisted of 22 individuals; Group C included 30 individuals. The mean axial length of three groups was 22.148(0.360), 23.503(0.342) and 24.770(0.556) mm, respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean HDL levels were significantly different in three groups are 1.824(0.307), 1.485(0.253) and 1.507 (0.265) mmol/L, respectively. By applying a Pearson Coefficient, we evaluated the association between axial length and HDL and discovered that there was a statistically significant (p = 0.00025) and adverse (R = -0.43) association between axial length and HDL.ConclusionsWe concluded from our study that there was a significantly inverse relationship between axial length and the levels of HDL in children.

Pengaruh Kombinasi Metformin dan Ekstrak Kunyit terhadap Kadar High Density Lipoprotein, Interleukin-6 dan Tumor Necrosis Factor-a

A decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) happens in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The cytokines TNFa and IL-6 are proinflammatory cytokines that are elevated in the blood in many patients with DM. Turmeric is one of the natural ingredients with antioxidant, anti-cholesterol, and anti-inflammatory properties through its active substance, curcumin. Objective: To prove the effectiveness of the combination of metformin and turmeric extract on HDL levels, TNFa levels, and IL-6 levels in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-induced Wistar rats. Methods: The study used a post-test-only controlled group design. The subjects were 24 male Wistar rats which were randomly divided into four groups, namely K1, K2, P1, and P2. The whole group was a type 2 DM model induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide. Group K2 was given metformin 45mg/KgBW/day, group P1 was given turmeric extract at a dose of 200 mg/KgBW/day, and group P2 was given a combination of metformin and turmeric extract. On day 15, blood was drawn for HDL, IL-6, and TNFa examination. The data were analyzed using the one-way Anova test. Results: The mean HDL level in the P2 group (72,4±33,31) was the highest compared to the other three groups. The lowest mean TNFa level among the four groups was the P2 group (7,56±0,44). The lowest mean levels of IL-6 were obtained in the P2 group (58,82±2,15). One-way Anova test on HDL, IL-6, and TNFa levels showed a significant difference between groups with p-value = 0.000. Conclusion: The combination of metformin and turmeric extract can increase HDL levels and reduce IL-6 levels and TNFa levels better than giving metformin or turmeric extract alone.Keywords: turmeric extract, HDL, IL-6, TNFa

Monocyte to HDL Ratio in Preeclamptic Patients: Can It Be a Predictive Marker?

Objective: Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe and high – risk pregnancy complication for both the mother and fetus. Generalized inflammation is a prominent feature of PE. Based on the proinflammatory property of monocytes and the contrary anti-inflammatory mechanism of High-density lipoprotein (HDL), monocyte count to HDL ratio (MHR) could be used as a new marker of systemic inflammation. Our aim is to evaluate the relationship between PE and MHR in terms of diagnosis of PE.&#x0D; Methods: A retrospective case-control study was recruited preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women in the third trimester of gestation (n=69 and n= 71, respectively).&#x0D; Results: Maternal age (years), gravity, and body mass index (BMI) were similar in the two groups. The gestational week at delivery was significantly earlier in the PE group than in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). Fetal weight in PE was significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.001). Monocyte counts were comparable between the two groups (0.76 ± 0.28 vs. 0.76 ± 0.71; p = 0.25). The mean HDL level of PE patients was lower than the control group, but it was not statistically significant (63.87 ± 15.3 vs. 68.23 ± 13.5; p = 0.77). The monocyte/HDL ratio was higher in the PE group, but this increment did not reach statistical significance (12.5 ± 5.9 vs. 10.9 ± 4.3, p = 0.08).&#x0D; Conclusion: MHR might be a new marker of inflammation and oxidative stress. The present study did not reach a result indicating a diagnostic marker of PE. Further studies with more cases are needed to evaluate the relationship between MHR and PE.

COMPARSION OF LIPID PROFILE IN DIABETIC HYPERTENSIVES VS DIABETIC NORMOTENSIVES

Background: Lipid abnormalities are linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and other morbidity in people with diabetes. Dyslipidemia may signal the onset of Type 2 diabetes in the future. A trio of diminished high density lipoprotein (HDL), increased triglycerides (TG), and increased low density lipoprotein (LDL) is known as diabetic dyslipidemia. As a result, diabetic dyslipidemia serves as a separate risk factor and predictor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Aim: To compare Serum lipid profile levels in type-2 diabetics with hypertension (Group 1) and type-2 diabetics without hypertension (Group 2). Methods: Prospective observational study was undertaken on 200 subjects aged 40-60 years from November 2019 to October 2020 with patients of Type-2 diabetes mellitus (both old and new cases) with hypertension (Group 1) and Type-2 diabetes mellitus without hypertension (Group 2) having any of the complications associated with diabetes and on age and sex matched diabetics without hypertension. Results: Mean value of total cholesterol ± standard deviation of Group 1 was 188.92 ± 34.66 mg/dl and that of Group 2 was 190 ± 46.54, the difference between the two groups being statistically not significant (p=0.853). Mean value of triglycerides ± standard deviation of Group 1 was 214.81 ± 78.35 mg/dl and that of Group 2 was 184.04 ± 62.69 mg/dl, the difference between the two groups being statistically highly significant (p=0.003). Mean value of LDL ± standard deviation of Group 1 was 104.42 ± 31.26 mg/dl and that of Group 2 was 109.57 ± 39.78 mg/dl, the difference between the two groups being statistically not significant (p=0.309). Mean value of HDL ± standard deviation of Group 1 was 42.98 ± 6.20 mg/dl and that of Group 2 was 43.80 ± 6.47 mg/dl, the difference between the two groups being statistically not significant (p=0.361). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in Group 1 was 127.64 ± 13.41 and 86.20 ± 7.06 mmHg and that of Group 2 was 118 ± 10.80 and 77.52 ± 7.87 mmHg, the difference between the two groups being statistically highly significant (p&lt;0.0001). Mean Fasting Blood sugar of Group 1 was 197.80 ± 74.75 mg/dl and that of Group 2 was 177.91 ± 62.52mg/dl the difference being highly statistically significant (p= 0.043). Conclusion: The findings of this study concluded that there is a positive relationship between type-2 diabetes mellitus and lipid profile. Mean values of total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides were significantly raised in type-2 diabetics, supporting the hypothesis that dyslipidemia is a significant complication of type-2 diabetes mellitus, which further contributes to the increased risk of multiple organ morbidities in diabetes. A significant difference in mean triglyceride level was found in both groups. There were no significant differences in mean HDL, LDL and cholesterol levels among the two groups as the levels of these parameters were raised to an almost equal extent in both the groups.

Prevalence and Determinants of Occurrence of Dyslipidemia in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

To describe the prevalence and determinants of occurrence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A cross-sectional study was conducted in the diabetic clinic of a tertiary care referral hospital over two years. Subjects with T1DM aged 2-18 y had assessment of Lipid profile after 12h of fasting. Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Modifiable and nonmodifiable determining factors were assessed during clinic visit as per standard criteria. Body mass index (BMI)more than 23rd adult equivalent and 27th adult equivalent were considered as overweight and obesity, respectively. Lipid parameters were considered as abnormal if: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) > 100mg/dL, high density lipoprotein (HDL) < 40mg/dL, triglycerides > 100mg/dL (< 10 y) and > 130mg/dL (> 10 y). A total of 171 subjects (mean age: 11.8 ± 3.5 y, M:F = 75:96) were recruited during the study period. The mean fasting LDL level, HDL level, and triglyceride level observed in the study sample were 106.6 ± 26.9mg/dL(62% abnormal), 52.6 ± 14.3mg/dL (9.4% abnormal), and 85.3 ± 39.4mg/dL (10.5% abnormal), respectively; 115 (67.3%) of the subjects had at least one abnormality in the serum lipid profile. On multivariate analysis, HbA1C was the most significant factor in determining the occurrence of dyslipidemia (p < 0.05). HbA1C was 9.9 ± 1.6 in subjects with abnormal LDL versus 9.1 ± 1.5 in those with normal LDL (p < 0.05). Prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study children and adolescents with T1DM was 67.3%. HbA1C remains the most important modifiable determinant of the occurrence of dyslipidemia.

The role of serum lipoprotein levels in predicting independent short-term mortality In COVID-19 patients

Background: Plasma lipoprotein levels typically change as a result of systemic inflammation in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). These changes have been reported to be related to the severity and prognosis of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, and cholesterol levels andindependent short-term (28-day) mortality in COVID-19 patients with critical disease.&#x0D; Material and Method: The retrospective study included patients that had a positive result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and were followed up in ICU due to pneumonia and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure between March 2020 and January 2021.&#x0D; Results: The 123 patients comprised 69 (56.1%) women and 54 (43.9%) men with a mean age of 65.41±13.93 years. Mean hospital and ICU stays were 16.07±9.84 and 8.54±8.24 days, respectively. Short-term (28-day) mortality occurred in 33 (26.8%) patients. Mean serum LDL, HDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were 100.61±36.32, 41.57±10.74, 136.67±85.33, and 164.4±40.73 mg/dL, respectively. Short-term (28-day) mortality established a significant relationship with LDL and HDL levels, whereas no significant relationship was established with cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.332, and p=0.222, respectively). The durations of hospital and ICU stay established a significant relationship with LDL levels (p=0.033 and p=0.002, respectively).&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on our results, we suggest that monitoring HDL and LDL levels with serial measurements in patients with critical and severe COVID-19 pneumonia may be useful for predicting the prognosis.

A STUDY OF LIPID PROFILE IN ANAEMIA

Objectives:Both anemia and dyslipidemia are widely prevalent public health problems, especiallyin the Indian population. Associationof anemia and dyslipidemias were reported in some individual experimental animals. The study was planned to find thechanges in serum lipid profile in adult Indian patients with anemia. Material and methods:100 cases of anemia (hemoglobin &lt;13 g% in men and &lt;12 g% in women), and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls, in the age group 18-40 years were investigated for any possible changes in serum lipid profile i.e.,triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Results:The mean cholesterol in patients with anemia was 122.47 ± 29.32 mg/dl, whereas in controls group was 160.43 ± 38.91 mg/dl. The mean serum triglyceride level in patients with anemia was 89.41 ± 33.1532 mg/dl and in control group was 111.45 ± 40.6632 mg/dl. Mean high-density lipoprotein levels were 36.13 ± 12.8132 mg/dl in anemic group and 45 ± 13.032 mg/dl in control group, whereas low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was 70.12 ± 21.64 mg/dl in the anemic group and 100.45 ± 30.8032 mg/dl in control group. VLDL levels were higher in control group (21.96 ± 8.132 mg/dl) compared to the anemic group (18.34 ± 7.6432 mg/dl). Conclusion: Lipoproteins levels were significantly abnormal in anemic as compared to non-anemic subjects.

The role of serum HLD, LDL, and uric acid levels in predicting the prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia

Purpose: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) leads to inflammation and oxidative stress as a result in infection. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between initial serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (HDL), and uric acid levels on short-term (30-day) changes in the course of CAP. Materials and methods: The retrospective study included 113 patients with CAP that received inpatient care between 2012 and 2018.The HDL, LDL and uric acid values in the blood received in hospital admission were examined for their relationship with short-term mortality and correlation with hospitalization. Results: The 113 patients comprised 71 (62.8%) men and 42 (37.2%) women with a mean age of 74±11 years. Of the 113 patients, 30-day mortality occurred in 12 (10.6%) patients. Of the 113 patients, 17 (16.5%) patients were hospitalized in ICU. All cases detected as mortality were followed in ICU. Normal ranges of HDL, LDL, and uric acid concentrations were accepted as 40-70 mg/dL, 60-130 mg/dL, and 1.8-8 mg/dL, respectively. The mean serum LDL, HDL, and uric acid levels were 97.95±42.11 (range, 26-271) mg/dL, 40.94±13.70 (range, 5.10-83.20) mg/dL, and 5.99±2.18 (range, 1.40-13.20) mg/dL, respectively. HDL and LDL levels were found to be insignificant predictors of 30-day mortality ( p =0.482 and p =0.725, respectively). Similarly, serum HDL, LDL, and uric acid levels were found to be insignificant predictors of the duration of hospitalization and ICU requirement. On the other hand, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that uric acid concentration was a protective factor for 30-day mortality (OR, 0.694; 95% Cl, 0.478-0.989, p =0.048), whereby increased uric acid concentration was found to decrease the risk of mortality and reduced uric acid concentration was found to increase the risk of mortality by 1.44 times (1/0.694). Conclusion: We suggest that monitoring uric acid levels with serial measurements in patients with CAP may be useful for predicting the short term prognosis. Further prospective multicentric studies with larger patient series are needed to investigate the correlation between serum uric acid levels and clinical risk scores.

Lipid Profile of the Patient with Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing Coronary Angiography (CAG) in Rural Costal Region of Maharashtra

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is widely prevalent across the globe and significantly high level of Cholesterol in circulation is a single major risk factor associated with coronary heart disease. It is well established that cardiovascular disease is associated with hypertension and elevated blood levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and triglycerides. In disparity, a low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a risk factor for mortality from cardiovascular disease. Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the lipid profile in patients of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) in rural coastal population. Patients and Methods: The present study was done on 62 patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) Serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were examined in biochemical laboratory of the hospital. Coronary angiography was performed for the presence of lesions. Results: 43.5% of the patients (n=27) were elderly (age&gt;60 years). Approximately 82% of the patients (n=51) aged more than 50 years. Males outnumbered females with a ratio of 2.4:1. 71% of the patients were males. Mean cholesterol levels were 177.86 mg/dl. Approx 3/4th of the patients (n=41) had cholesterol level &lt;200 mg/Dl. Mean triglycerides levels in the patients were 158.29 mg/dl. Only 11 patients out of 62 CAD patients had abnormal triglycerides. Mean LDL level was 119.5 mg and Mean HDL level was 34.5 mg %. The high plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in 30% and the low plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) n 33% of patients were important abnormal findings in our patients. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia as in form of very low levels of HDL cholesterol with comparatively high levels of LDL-c with near normal total Cholesterol and triglyceride levels associated with ACS in our rural costal region of Maharashtra.

Impact of Toxoplasma gondii human infections on blood lipid levels

To evaluate the impact of Toxoplasma gondii human infections on blood lipid levels. A total of 1 000 healthy volunteers that were randomly sampled from a tertiary hospital during the period from December 2017 through December 2019 were enrolled, and assigned into the infection group and the control group according to the detection of serum anti-T. gondii antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) were detected and compared between the two groups. The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibody was 8.40% in the study subjects, and there were no significant differences between the infection and control groups in terms of gender (χ2 = 1.29, P > 0.05) or age (χ2 = 1.41, P > 0.05). The mean serum LDL (t = 3.89, P < 0.05) and TC levels (t = 3.81, P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the infection group than in the control group, while no significant differences were seen between the two groups in terms of mean serum TG (t = 0.97, P > 0.05) or HDL levels (t = 0.75, P > 0.05). In addition, the proportions of abnormal LDL (χ2 = 9.69, P < 0.01) and TC levels (χ2 = 10.39, P < 0.01) were significantly greater in the infection group than in the control group, while no significant differences were found in the proportion of abnormal TG (χ2 = 0.02, P > 0.05) or HDL level (χ2 = 0.11, P > 0.05) between the two groups. T. gondii human infections affect blood lipid levels, and the individuals sero-positive for anti-T. gondii antibody have higher mean serum LDL and TC, as well as higher proportions of abnormal TC and LDL than sero-negative individuals.

The determinants of lipid profiles in early adolescence in a Ugandan birth cohort

Dyslipidaemia in adolescence tracks into adulthood and is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the effects of environmental exposures and early-life exposure to infectious diseases common to tropical regions on lipids. In 1119 early adolescent participants in the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study, we used linear regression to examine whether prenatal, childhood or adolescent factors are associated with lipid levels. Reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and elevated triglyceride levels were common (prevalence 31% and 14%, respectively), but elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or total cholesterol (TC) were rare. Current malaria infection was associated with lower mean LDL (adjusted ß − 0.51; 95% CI − 0.81, − 0.21), HDL (adjusted ß − 0.40; 95% CI − 0.56, − 0.23), and TC levels (adjusted ß − 0.62; 95% CI − 0.97, − 0.27), but higher mean triglyceride levels (geometric mean ratio (GMR) 1.47; 95% CI 1.18–1.84). Early-life asymptomatic malaria was associated with modest reductions in HDL and TC. Body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with LDL, TC, and triglycerides. No associations with helminth infection were found. Our findings suggest that early-life factors have only marginal effects on the lipid profile. Current malaria infection and BMI are strongly associated with lipids and important to consider when trying to improve the lipid profile.

Cholesterol and glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PurposeIntraocular pressure is the main risk factor for glaucoma; however, additional risk factors may also matter. This systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to summarize the evidence regarding the association of cholesterol parameters (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels) and glaucoma.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched for all publications containing ‘glaucoma’ and one of various forms of ‘cholesterol’ or ‘lipoprotein’. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and potentially full texts of identified articles for eligibility. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to investigate the differences in total cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels between patients with and without glaucoma.ResultsOverall, 29 observational studies were included in the systematic review and 26 reported quantitative information to investigate differences in cholesterol parameters between patients with glaucoma (N = 7196) and patients without glaucoma (N = 350 441). Patients with glaucoma had significantly higher total cholesterol levels than patients without glaucoma (Mean Difference (MD) 7.9 mg/dl, 95% CI 3.3 to 12.5, p = 0.001) and lower mean HDL levels (MD −2.0 mg/dl, 95% CI: −3.1 to −0.9, p = 0.001). Patients with glaucoma had higher mean LDL levels than patients without glaucoma, albeit not statistically significant (MD 6.1 mg/dl, 95% CI: −4.3 to 16.4, p = 0.251).ConclusionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies found an association of glaucoma and high total cholesterol and low HDL levels, respectively. Although this supports the hypothesis that lipid levels pose an additional risk for glaucoma development, heterogeneity was substantial and causality cannot be presumed from identified observational studies.

Increased Serum Lipid Levels in Patients with Subjective Tinnitus.

Introduction:The aim was to investigate the link between tinnitus and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TRG), low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the central anatolian Turkish population.Materials and Methods:The retrospective and case-control study included a total of 91 patients with subjective tinnitus and a control group of age- and sex-matched 65 healthy volunteers. A detailed otolaryngologic examination followed by pure tone audiometry, serum lipid values, and magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bone was performed. The clinical characteristics of tinnitus were registered for all patients. The serum levels of TC, TRG, LDL and HDL were compared between the two groups.Results:Mean TC level was 200.57±41.06 mg/dL in the patient group and 179.0±39.03 mg/dL in the control group (P=0.001). Mean TRG level was 177.76±86.94 mg/dL in the patient group and 124.43±61.44 mg/dL in the control group (P=0.000). Mean LDL level was 115.88±32.56 mg/dL in the patient group and 101.31±34.42 mg/dL in the control group (P=0.008). Mean HDL level was 50.25±13.60 mg/dL in the patient group and 53.46±12.66 mg/dL in the control group (P=0.137). Among all the serum lipids, TC, TRG and LDL established a significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion:The results indicated that TC, TRG and LDL levels were significantly higher in tinnitus group and this increase implicates the potential role of hyperlipidemia associated with altered lipid metabolism in the etiology of tinnitus. We suggest that serum lipid levels could be useful and conducive in the diagnosis and prognosis of tinnitus.

A Comparison of Effectiveness of Crystalline and Amorphous Atorvastatin

Background: Atorvastatin is a widely used statin, of which there are two available polymorphs: crystalline (original) and amorphous (generic). Pharmacological studies showed the similarity between both forms. However, the lipid-lowering effectiveness of the amorphous form was still uncertain. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of crystalline and amorphous form of atorvastatin. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted an observational cross-sectional analytic study by retrospectively collecting data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017 of the patients at Queen Sirikit Heart Center of the Northeast where the original regimen of crystalline atorvastatin had been replaced by the amorphous atorvastatin at the same dose. Patients must have been prescribed each form of atorvastatin for at least six weeks. The lipid profiles taken at the closest to the switching point (before and after) were used. The primary outcome was changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The secondary outcomes were changes in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, as well as a comparison of LDL levels in patients whose tablets were split. Results: Eight hundred twenty-five patients were included in the present study. The mean age was 63.7±9.9 years. Five hundred sixty-eight patients (68.8%) were male, and 736 (89.2%) were treated as secondary prevention. The mean LDL levels during crystalline and amorphous atorvastatin use were 92.4±39.0 and 91.8±41.0 mg/dL, respectively (mean difference –0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], –2.2 to 1.0; p=0.460). The mean TC, TG, and HDL levels during crystalline and amorphous form use were 153.1±43.3 and 152.0±48.6 mg/dL (p=0.400), 153.4±129.0 and 155.0±148.3 (p=0.740), 43.6±11.9, and 44.4±12.0 (p=0.004), respectively. Among the patients who had tablet splitting, the mean LDL levels during crystalline and amorphous atorvastatin use were 89.2±28.3 and 91.0±30.8 mg/dL, respectively (p=0.279). Side effects were recorded in nine patients, one of which was rhabdomyolysis. Conclusion: The effectiveness of amorphous atorvastatin at lowering lipids was comparable to that of atorvastatin in its crystalline form, and patients were generally able to tolerate amorphous atorvastatin. Keywords: Atorvastatin, Crystalline, Amorphous, Lipid-lowering, Low-density lipoprotein

¿Es la albúmina un predictor de gravedad y de mortalidad en pacientes con sepsis abdominal?

Alterations in the lipid profile are part of the acute phase response, this corresponds to the so-called lipemia of sepsis. To determine if the serum level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) is related to severity and mortality. Retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with abdominal sepsis. During the period from April 2016 to February 2017. The severity was determined by APACHE II, SOFA, Mannheim, CONUT, the presence of organic faults and mortality. We included 154 cases, 59 female and 95 male; The main organ causing abdominal sepsis was the appendix 41.6%. The overall mortality was 14.3%. The presence of organic faults was 35.1%. The mean HDL level was 37.64 mg/dl (SD ± 16.16). The findings, subjected to statistical verification by Student's t-test, showed significance among the cases with SOFA > 4 (p = 0.01) and Mannheim > 26 (p = 0.001), CONUT > 6 (p = 0.001), presence of organic failures (p = 0.001), and mortality (p = 0.003). HDL levels are related to severity, with the development of organic failures and mortality in sepsis.

Relationship between the burden of major periodontal bacteria and serum lipid profile in a cross-sectional Japanese study

BackgroundThe association of periodontal bacteria with lipid profile alteration remains largely unknown, although it has been suggested that chronic periodontitis increases the atherosclerotic risk. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between the prevalence and total burden of periodontal bacteria and serum lipid profile.MethodsSaliva from enrolled participants was collected to detect 4 major periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia) using Polymerase Chain Reaction method. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were assessed using blood samples. We compared the averages of each lipid in association with the prevalence of each bacterial species, their burden (low, moderate, and high), and the combination of bacterial burden and periodontal status, defined as periodontitis, using the Community Periodontal Index, after adjustment for other potential confounding factors, by employing general linear models with least square means.ResultsA total of 385 Japanese individuals (176 men, 209 women; mean age 69.2 years) were enrolled. The number of bacterial species and their co-existence with periodontitis were significantly related to a decrease in HDL (p for trend < 0.01) and increase in TG (p for trend = 0.04). The adjusted mean HDL levels (mg/dL) in individuals with low, moderate, and high levels of bacterial species were 66.1, 63.0, and 58.9, respectively, and those in the 6 groups defined by combination of the two factors were 67.9, 64.6, 64.3, 65.4, 61.5, and 54.7, respectively.ConclusionPeriodontal bacterial burden is suggested to be independently involved in lowering serum HDL level. Our findings suggest that bacterial tests in a clinical setting could be a useful approach for predicting the risk of HDL metabolism dysregulation.