Mean Evaluation Score Research Articles

Transforming Medical Education: Leveraging Large Language Models to Enhance PBL - A Proof-of-Concept Study.

The alignment of learning materials with the learning objectives (LOs) is critical for successfully implementing the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) curriculum. This study investigated the capabilities of Gemini Advanced, a large language model (LLM), in creating clinical vignettes that align with LOs, and comprehensive tutor guides. This study used a faculty-written clinical vignette about diabetes mellitus for third-year medical students. We submitted the LOs and the associated clinical vignette and tutor guide to the LLM to evaluate their alignment and generate new versions. Four faculty members compared both versions using a structured questionnaire. The mean evaluation scores for original and LLM-generated versions are reported. The LLM identified new triggers for the clinical vignette to align it better with the LOs. Moreover, it restructured the tutor guide for better organization and flow and included thought-provoking questions. The medical information provided by the LLM was scientifically appropriate and accurate. LLM-generated clinical vignette scored higher (3.0 vs. 1.25) for the alignment with the LOs. However, the original version scored better for being educational-level appropriate (2.25 vs. 1.25) and adhering to PBL design (2.50 vs. 1.25). The LLM-generated tutor guide scored higher for better flow (3.0 vs. 1.25), comprehensive and relevant content (2.75 vs. 1.50) and thought-provoking questions (2.25 vs. 1.75). However, LLM-generated learning material lacked visual elements. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Gemini could align and improve PBL learning materials. By leveraging the potential of LLMs while acknowledging their limitations, medical educators can create innovative and effective learning experiences for future physicians.

Pano-GAN: A Deep Generative Model for Panoramic Dental Radiographs

This paper presents the development of a generative adversarial network (GAN) for the generation of synthetic dental panoramic radiographs. While this is an exploratory study, the ultimate aim is to address the scarcity of data in dental research and education. A deep convolutional GAN (DCGAN) with the Wasserstein loss and a gradient penalty (WGAN-GP) was trained on a dataset of 2322 radiographs of varying quality. The focus of this study was on the dentoalveolar part of the radiographs; other structures were cropped out. Significant data cleaning and preprocessing were conducted to standardize the input formats while maintaining anatomical variability. Four candidate models were identified by varying the critic iterations, number of features and the use of denoising prior to training. To assess the quality of the generated images, a clinical expert evaluated a set of generated synthetic radiographs using a ranking system based on visibility and realism, with scores ranging from 1 (very poor) to 5 (excellent). It was found that most generated radiographs showed moderate depictions of dentoalveolar anatomical structures, although they were considerably impaired by artifacts. The mean evaluation scores showed a trade-off between the model trained on non-denoised data, which showed the highest subjective quality for finer structures, such as the mandibular canal and trabecular bone, and one of the models trained on denoised data, which offered better overall image quality, especially in terms of clarity and sharpness and overall realism. These outcomes serve as a foundation for further research into GAN architectures for dental imaging applications.

The effect of spaced learning method on the evaluation score and education quality in nursing students

Introduction Spaced learning is a teaching method aiming to stabilize long-term memory. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of the spaced learning method on the evaluation scores and education quality in the practical course of principles and techniques of nursing. Materials and Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 51 nursing students in four semesters were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. We used the demographic characteristics form, student scores, and students’ evaluations of the educational quality questionnaire (SEEQ) for data gathering. In the next step, the classes of the experimental groups were held with the spaced learning method, and the traditional methods were used for the control groups. After the end of each semester, the SEEQ questionnaire was given to the students of both groups, and their evaluation scores were extracted. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results After ensuring the independence of the data, the results showed that the difference in the mean evaluation score of the students in the two groups is not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, the mean score of total SSEQ in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. Furthermore, except for the dimension of examination assignments and group interaction, the mean score of other SSEQ dimensions in the experimental group was statistically higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Spaced learning is an easy, low-cost, and fun learning method that affects the teaching method compared to evaluation results and effortlessly has the potential to become an appropriate alternative to traditional teaching methods.

Clinical observations in treatment of lower extremity varicose veins with trigger points acupuncture.

To observe the effect of the acupuncture of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the treatment of lower extremity varicose veins (LEVVs). Overall, 260 patients with LEVVs participated in this study. LEVVs were selected based on diagnostic criteria of Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathophysiology levels 2-5 and classified into six types on the basis of their anatomical positions. The MTrPs in the lower extremities were localized in accordance with the classification of LEVVs and treated by MTrPs acupuncture combined with self-massage and self-stretching. The interval between each treatment was 2weeks to 1month, depending on needling pain tolerance of each patient. An in-house evaluation was used to estimate the proportion of varicose veins in the lower limbs and their accompanying symptoms. The treatment effect was evaluated before each treatment and at 1-year follow-up. The mean evaluation score of LEVVs before the treatment course was 3.66 ± 1.19. After the course, this reduced to 1.18 ± 0.97, with the following response rates: 85% for excellent and good and 15% for medium. After 1-year follow-up, the mean evaluation score of all patients was 1.11 ± 0.92, with the following response rates: 87% for excellent and good, and 13% for medium. In some patients, MTrP acupuncture could cure LEVVs and its accompanying symptoms. These LEVVs are probably caused by fascia tension as a pre-pathology induced by the MTrPs.

Outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty were not adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic

The objective was to investigate outcomes in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) in patients affected by the COVID-19 pandemic shutdown. We hypothesized that patients undergoing RTSA in early 2020 would have decreased access to physical therapy (PT) and worse postoperative outcomes compared to historical controls. Patients who received primary RTSA between 1/1/2020 to 3/17/2020 were included and patients who received primary RTSA between 1/1/2019 to 3/17/2019 were used as a control group. Retrospective chart review was performed, and patient reported outcomes were recorded at an average of 2.69 ± 0.06 years and a minimum of 1 year postoperatively. Patient data were collected and statistically analyzed using the 2-sample t-test and Chi-square test. The Mann Whitney U test and Fisher's Exact test were used when appropriate. 38 patients in 2020 were included in this study and compared to 31 patients in 2019. RTSA performed in 2019 had improvements in forward elevation (FE) (95.7º ± 47.2º to 144.7º ± 17.2º, p<0.001), but not in external rotation (ER) (32.5º ± 20.3º to 41.0º ± 13.3º, p=0.15), or internal rotation (IR) (S1 to L5, p=0.76). RTSA 2020 cases had improvements in FE (111.5º ± 40.3 to 132.8º ± 30.6, p=0.016), but not ER (31.9º ± 18.2 to 35.7º ± 15.9, p=0.36) or IR (S1 to L5, p=0.13). Patients in 2019 (FE: 4 to 5-, p<0.001; ER: 4+ to 5-, p=0.003; IR: 5- to 5, p<0.001) and 2020 (FE: 4 to 5-, p<0.001; ER: 4+ to 5, p<0.001; IR: 5- to 5, p=0.02) both experienced improvements in strength. Patients in 2020 initiated PT later (2019: 39.3 ± 27.3 days, 2020: 57.1 ± 35.5 days, p=0.028) and completed less PT sessions (2019: 20.7 ± 11.1, 2020: 12.9 ± 6.6, p<0.001) than patients in 2019. In the 2020 cohort, 10.5% (4/38) did not complete any PT, 34.2% (13/38) reported a delay in initiating PT, and 47.4% (18/38) reported that their recovery was negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. At final follow-up, patients in 2020 reported a mean SANE score of 73.6 ± 17.5 on their affected shoulder and a mean VAS score of 1.68 ± 1.23. Despite a delay in initiating PT and completing less PT overall, patients who received RTSA in 2020 experienced significant improvements in ROM and strength at final follow-up and were comparable to the 2019 patients.

Knowledge and Practice of Burn Management Among Physicians Using Burn Manikin in Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background Burn is a skin injury that results in the death of the impacted cells. Burn injuries are frequently unintentional and very avoidable. With proper management, the outcome is improved, and the need for surgical intervention is reduced. This article discusses healthcare providers' knowledge and practice of burn first aid and management to highlight the need for the enhanced practice of burn management and first-aid skills. Objective This study aims to assess the knowledge and practice of burn injuries management among healthcare workers in different specialties in Hail city. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted via an interviewer-administrated face-to-face questionnaire and video recording of a simulated case of burn injury collected from our skill lab at Hail University and evaluated by a board-certified plastic surgeon. Result The study analyzed 119 physicians (mean age = 36.3 years, SD = 6.7) managing burn cases. Of these, 59.7% were male, and 40.3% were female. The mean evaluation score was 7.71 (SD = 2.84). None of the factors studied, including gender (p = 0.353), age (p = 0.970), education level (p = 0.127), specialty (p = 0.871), professional experience (p = 0.118), working sector (p = 0.178), nationality (p = 0.742), or participation in burn management course (p = 0.131), had a significant effect on burn management skills of physicians. However, some groups had higher mean evaluation scores than others. Further research is needed to explore potential reasons for the observed differences in mean evaluation scores among different groups of physicians. Conclusion We discovered that most physicians were found to have poor practical knowledge of proper burn management, and most of them had not engaged in a burn first aid training, therefore more courses targeting physicians who may meet burn patients are required.

Study of academic performance in medical students at the time of COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The world has faced a disastrous period at the time of the pandemic of corona virus- 19. The education system was hampered along with all the sectors of life and therefore, it was realized that a switch from the conventional way of teaching to online teaching is needed. The current study was done to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the academic performance of medical students at Gandaki medical college of Pokhara, Nepal. Methods: It was a descriptive study of the first and second-year medical students of Gandaki Medical College. The Likert scale was used to measure the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on academic performance and to evaluate online education. A census sampling technique was used to collect the data. Results: A total of 171 participants answered the questionnaire with a response rate of 87%. The data showed that covid-19 lockdown affected the academic performance of most participants of 98.2% with varying degrees. The mean evaluation score for online theory education was 4.7±2.06 while for the practical lessons was 2.06±1.4. Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic lockdown affected the academic performance of most participants to varying degrees. The academic performance of medical students with the online teaching method is effective during COVID-19 lockdown.

Designing interactive augmented reality application for student's directed learning of continuous distillation process

Designing interactive augmented reality application for student's directed learning of continuous distillation process

ERP Staff versus AI recruitment with employment real-time big data

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using natural language processing (NLP) artificial intelligence (AI) in enterprise resources planning (ERP) to identify specialized job candidates in real-time big data—globally across the internet. The central problem was that companies using traditional methods for recruiting remote specialists were missing good candidates because the skilled employees may not be looking for a job yet they may be receptive to an offer. The auxiliary problem was too much data on the internet for human resources management (HRM) staff to make sense of to find the best-fitting candidate. Thus, the research question was: could NLP AI identify good candidates for ERP remote specialist jobs using internet real-time big data? Job criteria were developed using machine learning to identify key skills from existing staff in a case study company. The skills were transformed into ERP remote specialists hiring criteria. The NLP AI software was activated to find the best candidate. The HRM staff at the case study company evaluated the effectiveness of the candidate selected by the NLP AI. The case study company set 70% as the acceptable mean evaluation score. ANOVA was used to determine if HRM staff agreed about their evaluation scores. A Z-test was used to determine if the NLP AI was faster than the mean time needed for HRM to select ERP candidates. The results were that the NLP AI outperformed the humans by a factor of almost 8 h. All HRM staff agreed that the NLP AI was effective in selecting a candidate to match the hiring criteria. The proposed approach might facilitate the research and development of big data, data analytics, NLP AI, and HRM process improvement.

Development of an online supportive treatment module for moral injury in military veterans and police officers.

BackgroundMilitary members and police officers often operate in high stakes situations and under high levels of physical and psychological stress. Consequently, they may be confronted with morally injurious experiences and develop moral injury. Most treatments for moral injury are cognitive-behavioral, face-to-face treatments, which may be supported by online interventions. Online interventions have shown promise in the treatment of trauma-related psychopathology, but few such interventions for moral injury yet exist.ObjectiveTo develop and conduct a preliminary evaluation of an online treatment module for moral injury in treatment-seeking military veterans and police officers, to be used in conjunction with regular face-to-face treatment.MethodAn online module was developed based on the moral injury literature, using elements from seven existing treatments. A preliminary evaluation was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods, and focusing on perceived feasibility, acceptability and engagement of the module, as well as potential benefits and harms. The concept module was evaluated by 15 assessors, including patient representatives, multidisciplinary caregivers and experts.ResultsThe module was rated favorably, with mean evaluation scores ranging from 7.9 to 8.8 on a 10-point scale. Several suggestions for improvement were made, especially concerning privacy issues, safety instructions, patient-therapist collaborations, and role plays, and the module was adapted accordingly.ConclusionUsing input from literature, patient representatives and experts, we developed an online treatment module for moral injury in military veterans and police officers, to be used in conjunction with face-to-face therapy. Acceptability and feasibility will be further examined in a future pilot study.

Midterm outcomes of 18 patients with primary intra-articular diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) of the knee treated with complete arthroscopic synovectomy and postoperative low-dose radiotherapy at a mean follow-up of 68months.

To evaluate the long-term clinical outcome of the treatment of complete arthroscopic synovectomy combined with low-dose external radiotherapy in the knee affected by primary intra-articular diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT). From May 2009 to January 2016, 18 patients with intra-articular diffuse TGCT underwent complete arthroscopic synovectomy and low-dose external-beam radiotherapy in Zhongnan Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. The preoperative symptoms of patients, the complications during or after the arthroscopic procedure and the recurrence were collected and recorded. Each patient was evaluated before treatment and at the follow-up visit. Efficacy evaluation criteria were based on Ogilvie-Harris score, and the evaluation of the functional ability of knee was based on the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score. The mean time from symptom onset to surgery was 9.1 ± 5.8months (range from 3 to 29months). The most frequent preoperative symptoms were joint effusion (100%), diffuse non-specific knee pain (66.7%), and a decreased range of motion (83.3%). Mean follow-up time was 68.0 ± 18.1months (range from 35 to 120months). The mean evaluation score according to the Ogilvie-Harris criteria before treatment was 3.19 ± 0.74, which corresponded to a rating of "poor". The mean score after treatment was 8.79 ± 1.57, rated as "good". The Ogilvie-Harris score was significantly increased after treatment (P = 0.003). The IKDC score of all patients increased significantly from 37.1 ± 3.8 before treatment to 83.9 ± 11.3 after treatment. The IKDC score was obviously increased after treatment (P = 0.001). No recurrence was noted at final follow-up. There were no complications during or after the arthroscopic procedure. The outcome of this study proved that complete arthroscopic synovectomy combined with low-dose external radiotherapy was appropriate for treating primary intra-articular diffuse TGCT of the knee joint. It could be safely and reliably used with minimal complications, fast postoperative recovery and satisfactory control of recurrence rates.

Clinical Application of Hyperdry Amniotic Membrane in Cleft Palate Repair.

To examine the safety and efficacy of hyperdry amniotic membrane (HDAM) for wound closure after palatoplasty in cleft palate patients. HDAMs were prepared by washing and drying under infrared rays and microwaves at temperatures less than 60°C using a hyperdrying device. A total of 16 cleft palate patients (8 males, 8 females), aged 1 to 3 years (mean age 1 year 9 months), received one-stage pushback palatoplasty. The remaining raw wound after surgery was covered by an HDAM and a plastic cover plate. The cover plate was removed 1 week after surgery and parameters including temperature, feeding, allergic reactions, postoperative bleeding, re-epithelialization, wound dehiscence, and infection were monitored during the follow-up period of 31.2 months. All patients could adequately ingest at 5 days postoperation and after removal of the cover plate. None of the patients had a persistent fever or allergic reactions. Ingestion was feasible immediately in all patients, and no postoperative bleeding was observed during ingestion. No secondary hemorrhages were observed during follow-up. No postoperative wound dehiscence on the midline of the palate was observed. No infections were observed after the removal of the cover plate. No patients suffered from severe scar formation or contracture of the wound in the follow-up period. Hemorrhage, undue epithelialization, and scar contracture did not occur in any patient. The mean evaluation score was 7.75 points. HDAM can be used safely and effectively for wound closure following palatoplasty in cleft palate infants. Future studies testing the safety of patient's own amnion for palatoplasty, are required.

Understanding Patient Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB): A Standardized Patient Case on AUB for OB/GYN Clerkship Students

IntroductionThe differential diagnosis for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) among reproductive-age women is broad and includes common and life-threatening conditions. Recognition and accurate diagnosis of AUB are important but can be challenging for medical students. We developed a standardized patient (SP) encounter for medical students during their OB/GYN clerkship.MethodsWe implemented two SP encounters, on AUB and dyspareunia, that included a postencounter note and SP evaluations. Here, we describe the implementation of the SP encounter on AUB. Students received formative feedback on their interpersonal and history-taking skills, differential diagnosis, and management plan from the SP as well as OB/GYN residents and faculty. Student cumulative feedback was obtained mid-clerkship and following the clerkship. Summary statistics and qualitative data for students’ experiences are reported.ResultsSP cases were implemented at the Duke University School of Medicine with 101 second-year medical students who completed the encounter from September 2018 to July 2019. Regarding the AUB case, SPs identified students as adequate history takers, with a mean evaluation score of 3.45 (SD = 0.15) out of 5. Most students (94%) correctly identified at least one diagnosis and provided evidence. Endometrial cancer/hyperplasia (63%) and uterine leiomyoma (60%) were most likely to be identified. Regarding both SP encounters, of the 82 students (81%) completing the end-of-clerkship survey, 57% indicated that the experience enhanced their overall learning at least adequately well or better.DiscussionThe AUB case provided students with the opportunity to exercise their diagnostic and management skills.

Evaluation of the doctoral program in medical education of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences based on the CIPP model.

BACKGROUND:Continuous evaluation is necessary to achieve appropriate quality in educational programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the doctoral program of medical education at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences based on the CIPP model.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This descriptive and educational evaluation study was conducted in 2020 at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The study population consisted of all heads of department, faculty members, students, and PhD graduates of medical education from 2010 to 2020 who were enrolled in the study by census method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of CIPP evaluation model which was used when validity and reliability of them were confirmed. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed in two levels of descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics one-sample t-test.RESULTS:Based on the CIPP model, the mean evaluation scores from the perspective of the heads of department, faculty members, and graduates were 4.1 ± 0.1, 3.64 ± 0.42, and 3.33 ± 0.66, respectively, which were significantly higher than the average (P ≤ 0.05). However, the mean evaluation score was not significantly higher than the average from the viewpoint of the students (3.24 ± 1.17).CONCLUSION:Based on the results of the study, the status of the doctoral course in medical education at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences was assessed as appropriate by the subjects of the study including the heads of department, faculty members, and graduates. It was not, however, acceptable according to the students. Based on the results, it is suggested that evaluation be done continuously and measures are taken to correct the weaknesses and enhance the strengths.

Physico-Functional, Nutritional and Sensorial Features of Psyllium Husk Enriched Gluten-Free Oat Cookies

Objective: Gluten-free (GF) cookies are usually deficient in dietary fibers as compared to traditional wheat cookies. So, we aimed to formulate GF cookies with different levels of psyllium husk (fiber) from oats flour. Methods: Three types of GF cookies were made; T0, T1, and T2 containing 0%, 2.5%, and 5% psyllium husk respectively. Analysis of functional properties of the dough, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the cookies was performed. Results: Addition of 5% psyllium husk (T2) led to enhanced functional properties of dough (% swelling capacity SC =635.0±15.00, % water absorption capacity WAC =132.33±2.51, % oil absorption capacity OAC =28.00±2.00, % emulsion activity =59.93±0.25, % emulsion stability =60.23±0.25) and the most desirable spread factor (8.71±0.572). The total fiber content of T2 cookies was 19.41%. The mean sensory evaluation score for the overall acceptability of T2 cookies (6.32±1.096) was significantly (P=0.050) higher than the T1 cookies (5.49±0.785). 5% psyllium husk cookies (T2) surpassed 0% and 2.5% psyllium husk cookies in all parameters under study. Conclusion: The integration of psyllium husk into oat-based GF cookies resulted in excellent properties and acceptability and it can be added as a healthy snack option in diets of people with gluten intolerance.

Medical Students' Viewpoints of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences about professors Evaluation Current Form in 2021

Evaluating the work done in different systems and using the results can help to improve things and identify the strengths and weaknesses to reveal the way to achieve the goal. Some researchers have identified student evaluation as the best method of evaluation. Therefore, in this study, we decided to examine the opinions of medical students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd about the current form of professor’s evaluation in 2021. This study was as descriptive and cross-sectional. The sampling method was census and all medical students of basic sciences and physiopathology of Yazd University of Medical Sciences in 2021 were included in the study. The data collection tool in this study was a two-part questionnaire. Finally, the collected data were entered into SPSS version 22, using statistical tests were analyzed. 210 medical students were surveyed. The results of study showed that the highest number of students agreeing with the option of preparing or introducing appropriate educational texts and pamphlets with 81.9% frequency. The mean score of the current evaluation form of professors by medical students was 32.87±8.61. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean evaluation score in terms of educational level, gender and semester. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that in general, medical students agree with the current evaluation of professors.

The study of skin hydration, anti-wrinkles function improvement of anti-aging cream with alpha-ketoglutarate.

IntroductionThe tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a key metabolic pathway for driving the generation of mitochondrial energy in all oxidative organisms. Alpha‐ketoglutarate (Alpha‐KG), a precursor of glutamine, is known as a crucial intermediate of the TCA cycle and plays a pivotal role in multiple metabolic processes. As a precursor of glutamate and glutamine, AKG acts as an antioxidant agent as it directly reacts with hydrogen peroxide with formation of succinate, water, and carbon dioxide; meanwhile, it discharges plenty of ATP by oxidative decarboxylation. Several studies reported that Alpha‐KG is a key participant in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species and acts as an integral part of the oxidative defense machinery. However, few studies have been reported on the efficacy of Alpha‐KG in the maintenance of skin functions. This study demonstrated that Alpha‐KG has beneficial effects on skin hydration and barrier function and that fermentation is an effective way to enhance the synthesis of Alpha‐KG in yeast, which possesses mitochondria.Methods Evaluation of promoting effects on epidermal keratinocyte proliferation: Keratinocytes were incubated with a test sample, and the degree of proliferation was determined by MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. Evaluation of promoting effects on mRNA expression of genes related to skin hydration and barrier function: Keratinocytes were incubated with a test sample, and gene expression levels of filaggrin (FLG), serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), and involucrin (IVL) were analyzed by real‐time RT‐PCR. Analysis of Alpha‐KG in rice fermented liquid: Alpha‐KG in rice fermented liquid was quantitatively analyzed by capillary electrophoresis time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (CE‐TOF‐MS). Clinical study testing methods and VISIA testing: After 28 days of treatment use the cream with Alpha‐KG and control sample without Alpha‐KG, instrumentation measurements were adopted to assess skin wrinkles, texture, elasticity, and firmness, tested by the VISIA‐CR.ResultsImmediately after using the sample for D0, the skin wrinkles were significantly reduced by 23.64%. After using the sample for D7, the average clinical score of outer corner wrinkles was significantly reduced by 15.23%, and nasolabial groove wrinkles were significantly reduced by 25.68%. After using the sample for D56, the mean clinical evaluation score of crow's feet decreased significantly by 25.42%; the average score of clinical evaluation of skin firmness increased significantly by 41.40%; the skin gloss increased significantly by 28.67%.ConclusionIt was demonstrated that Alpha‐KG is expected to promote skin hydration and barrier function by the activation of cell proliferation and the up‐regulation of mRNA expression of genes related to the maintenance of epidermal function in in vitro tests. In order to develop a cosmetic ingredient including Alpha‐KG, we focused on fermentation with yeast as an efficient production method of Alpha‐KG and found that fermentation of rice with yeast efficiently produced Alpha‐KG. Taken together, it is considered that rice fermented liquid containing Alpha‐KG could be a promising ingredient for skin care products. Through the clinical testing, rice fermented liquid containing Alpha‐KG could be a promising cosmetic ingredient for skin care products.

Unexpected COVID-19 Opportunity: Applied Experience for the Nurse Educator Student.

Lack of experiential learning in nurse educator (NE) programs may result in students completing didactic coursework with limited or no opportunities to supervise nursing students in a clinical environment. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, one organization transformed an educational challenge into an opportunity for NE students. Programmatic evaluation, using a 10-item Likert scale evaluation tool, was used to obtain feedback from 15 NE students regarding their perceived value of an experiential learning activity. Aggregate mean evaluation scores ranged from 2.7 to 4.3. An aggregate mean of 4.3 was attributed by the NE students to the possibility of spending additional clinical hours providing oversight to nursing students participating in this process. Applied experiential learning may enhance the quality of NE students' educational experience, provide needed opportunity for developing critical expertise as a NE, and create a window of opportunity for future application of NE students' experiential learning. [J Nurs Educ. 2021;60(11):642-645.].

Teaching English Vocabulary to Young Learners via Augmented Reality Learning Media

This research aims to investigate the effect of teaching English vocabulary to young learners via Augmented Reality learning media. The subject of this research was 12 students of grade 1 elementary school. Due to strict health protocols during COVID-19 outbreak, the testing phase was done in students' respective homes accompanied by their parents using cell phones. Vocabulary illustrated in 30 three-dimensional objects and their written form were generated through cell phone’s scanning. A quiz consisted of 54 multiple choice questions was provided after the interactive learning experience. Both the vocabulary and quiz were refer to Thematic English Exploration for Grade 1 book. The results showed that learning vocabulary using AR application was able to increase the mean evaluation score by 0.77%. This application is effective in helping students improve their English language skills as approved by 76% of parents. The AR application was also approved by 59% of parents that it was easy to use. The AR application is proven to be convenience for students to learn English vocabulary interactively and feasible to be used as learning media.

Effect of a required online graded curriculum in the clerkship years on medical student nationalstandardized examination performance.

Many medical schools have a distributed model for clinical clerkship education, challenging our ability to determine student gaps during clinical education. With the graduating class of 2017, A.T. Still University's School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona (ATSU-SOMA) began requiring additional online curricula for all clerkship courses. To determine whether third year and fourth year students receiving ATSU-SOMA's online curricula during core clerkships performed better overall on national standardized examinations than students from previous years who had not received the curricula, and whether scores from online coursework correlated with outcomes on standardized examinations as possible early predictors of success. This retrospective cohort study analyzed existing data (demographics and assessments) from ATSU-SOMA classes of 2017-2020 (curriculum group) and 2014-2016 (precurriculum group). The effect of the curriculum on national standardized examinations (Comprehensive OsteopathicMedical Achievement Test [COMAT] and Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States [COMLEX-USA]) was estimated using augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW). Correlations between assignment scores and national standardized examinations were estimated using linear regression models. The curriculum group had 405 students with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 25.7 (±3.1) years. Two hundred and fifteen (53.1%) students in the curriculum group were female and 190 (46.9%) were male. The precurriculum group had 308 students (mean±SD age, 26.4±4.2 years; 157 [51.0%] male; 151 [49.0%] female). The online curriculum group had higher COMAT clinical subject exam scores in obstetrics and gynecology, osteopathic principles and practice (OPP), psychiatry, and surgery (all p≤0.04), as well as higher COMLEX-USA Level 2-Cognitive Evaluation (CE) family medicine and OPP subscores (both p≤0.03). The curriculum group had a 9.4 point increase in mean total COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE score (p=0.08). No effect was found for the curriculum overall on COMAT mean or COMLEX-USA Level 2-Performance Evaluation scores (all p≥0.11). Total coursework scores in each core clerkship, excluding pediatrics, were correlated with COMAT mean score (all adjusted p≤0.03). Mean scores for five of the seven assignment types in core clerkships, excluding evidence based medicine types, were positively correlated with COMAT mean scores (all adjusted p≤0.049). All assignment types correlated with COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE total score (alladjusted p≤0.04), except interprofessional education (IPE). Results from this study of 713 students from ATSU-SOMA suggested that our online curriculum supplemented clinic based learning during clerkship courses and improved student outcomes on national standardized examinations.