Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Research Articles

Prediction the Occurrence of Thalassemia With Hematological Phenotype by Diagnosis of Abnormal HbA1c.

The current investigation aims to analyze the occurrence of thalassemia in patients who participated in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing in clinical laboratory showing high hemoglobin F (HbF) level (≥ 1.5%) or abnormal Hb peak and predict the main influence factors by using different statistical models. The current investigation is a single-center retrospective cohort study. HbA1c concentration was detected by using TOSOH HLC-723G8 glycated hemoglobin analyzer. SNaPshot SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) typing and AccuCopy technology were employed to detect mutations in thalassemia-related pathogenic genes. A total of 126 patients endured high HbF levels or abnormal Hb peak during HbA1c detection, and 66.7% of subjects (n = 84) showed thalassemia mutations. Three heterozygosity mutations, including c.52A>T (p.K18*), c.-78A>G, and c.126_129delCTTT(p.F42Lfs*19) present in HBB gene, were also identified. --SEA/αα mutation demonstrated the youngest ages (p < 0.001). 17 M (p < 0.001) and 41/42 M (p < 0.01) mutations with β-thalassemia showed higher HbF levels compared with patients without thalassemia mutations. Except for -α3.7, mutations in thalassemia showed lower levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) compared with patients without thalassemia mutations. Patients with thalassemia mutations showed younger age (p < 0.001), lower Hb (p < 0.001), MCV and MCH levels (p < 0.001), higher red blood cell (RBC)count (p < 0.001), and platelet distribution width (PDW) level (p = 0.007) than patients without thalassemia mutations. Three statistical models indicate MCV is the most valuable independent factor for predicting thalassemia and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves analysis of AUC (Area Under the Curve) of 0.855 (95% CI [0.787-0.923], p < 0.001) with MCV. High HbF level (≥ 1.5%) or abnormal Hb peak present in HbA1c testing indicated high incident rate of thalassemia. MCV is the most valuable independent predicting factor for subjects having thalassemia.

A Multicenter Retrospective Chart Review Study Estimating the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Infants, Toddlers, and Children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent nutritional disorder affecting children worldwide, leading to potential long-term cognitive and developmental deficits. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IDA among healthy children attending Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Hospital Group in Riyadh, SAU, and explore the relationship between IDA and various demographic factors, including age, gender, and nationality. Methodology A retrospective chart review was conducted from July 2023 to August 2023 at Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Hospital Group, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study included 498 children aged 0.58 to 17 years, selected through a cluster sampling technique. Data on demographic characteristics and laboratory results, including hemoglobin (Hb) levels, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), ferritin, and RBC, were collected. Iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed based on Hb levels and other hematological indices. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results The prevalence of IDA among the study population was 9.2%, with 72.3% of the cases classified as mild and 27.7% as moderate. No cases of severe anemia were found. Infants had the highest prevalence of IDA (16.9%), followed by toddlers (12.0%), preschool children (7.2%), and school-age children (0.8%). Gender analysis revealed a prevalence of 9.7% in males and 8.6% in females, with no significant difference between genders (p = 0.659). All non-Saudi participants were free of IDA, whereas 9.3% of Saudi participants had IDA, though this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.761). Conclusion The study found a relatively low prevalence of IDA among healthy children attending Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Hospital Group in Riyadh, SAU, with the highest prevalence observed among infants. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to prevent IDA, particularly in younger children. Routine screening and early treatment are crucial to mitigate the potential long-term effects of IDA on child development. Further research with larger and more diverse samples is recommended to validate these findings and explore additional factors influencing IDA prevalence.

Impact of graded doses of enrofloxacin on the safety and biological responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

The cultivation of tilapias, the third most farmed fish group globally, has been rapidly growing, especially in Southeast Asia. This surge in tilapia farming intensification has led to increased use of antibiotics to control bacterial diseases. This study investigated the safety implications of administering graded doses of enrofloxacin (ENF) at 0 (control), 10, 30, 50 and 100 mg/kg biomass/day orally to Oreochromis niloticus. The 43-day study comprised 7 days of pre-dosing, 15 days of ENF-dosing, and a 21-day recovery period with a periodical assessment of the biological responses of fish. The results revealed that the overdosed groups experienced up to 21% reduction in feed consumption, 11% mortalities, and adverse impacts on hematology, including a decrease in erythrocytes, and monocytes and an increase in leukocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. Haematological indices like mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin decreased, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration increased. The plasma biochemical parameters including glucose and liver and kidney enzymes unveiled a significant dose- and time-dependent increase, while calcium and chloride levels decreased. Erythrocytes displayed several erythrocyte cellular and nuclear abnormalities. The frequency of micronucleus increased with dose and time, suggesting potential genotoxicity of ENF. Additionally, a dose-dependent increase in residues in the tissues with the highest accumulation in muscle was documented. Nevertheless, the recovery of the measured parameters upon dose termination indicated that the ENF-induced alterations are reversible. The study affirmed the safety of ENF at the recommended dose (10 mg) in O. niloticus and their adoptive responses to higher doses.

Comparative study of hematological parameters among smokers and nonsmokers in Basra city, Iraq

BackgroundHematological parameters are significantly affected by both immediate and prolonged exposure to smoking. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking on hematological parameters among male students enrolled at Basrah University in Iraq. MethodsThe study comprised a total of seventy male participants, divided into two groups: smokers (n = 35) and nonsmokers (n = 35). Each participant provided a 5 ml venous blood sample to analyze the complete blood count using a hematology analyzer (Spinreact, Spincell 3). ResultsCigarette smokers exhibit notably elevated levels of Red Blood Cells (RBC) counts, Hemoglobin (HGB), Red Cell Distribution Width-CV (RDW-CV), granulocytes%, and platelets%, whereas Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and lymphocytes% are notably lower among smokers. On the other hand, Hematocrit percentage (HCT), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and White Blood Cells (WBC) counts show no significant difference between cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. In contrast, Red Cell Distribution Width-SD (RDW-SD), Mid-range cell percentage (MID%), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Distribution Width (PDW), Platelet Plateletcrit percentage (PCT), Platelet-Lymphocyte Cell Ratio (P_LCR) and Platelet-Lymphocyte Cell Count (P_LCC) demonstrate no substantial variance between the two groups at the statistical significance threshold. ConclusionThis investigation concludes that tobacco cigarette smoking leads to detrimental alterations in hematological parameters, posing health risks.

Hematological biomarkers of systemic inflammation in predicting long-term treatment response of temporomandibular disorders

BackgroundChronic systemic inflammation has been proposed as the underlying mechanism of pain chronicity in several pain conditions. In spite of the growing evidence supporting the role of systemic inflammatory markers as a diagnostic tool, their role has not been analyzed in a well-defined group of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients until now. This study aimed to investigate the association between various clinical features and comorbidity levels of TMD in relation to hematological markers and seek its association with long-term treatment response.MethodsClinical features and hematological indices including those for systemic inflammation were assessed in TMD patients (n = 154). Examinations were re-done after 6 months of conservative treatment. Patients were divided into pain improved and unimproved groups based on ≥ 2 numeric rating scale improvement in pain intensity at 6 months for final analysis.ResultsThe portion of patients with low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (p = 0.026), total protein (p = 0.014), hemoglobin (p = 0.040), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.042) values showed significant differences according to prognosis groups. Low hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with unfavorable response to long-term treatment (β = 1.706, p = 0.018). High pre-treatment pain intensity (β=-0.682, p < 0.001) and low Graded Chronic Pain Scale (β = 1.620, p = 0.002) could predict significant pain improvement with long-term treatment.ConclusionsHematologic assessment could be considered in addition to clinical examination to better determine long-term prognosis in TMD patients.

Prevalence, Predictors, and Treatment Outcomes of Anemia in Vietnamese School-Age Children With Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Background A growing number of studies suggest that anemia caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is prevalent in developing countries. A combination of H. pylori eradication and iron supplementation may be effective intreating iron deficiency anemia (IDA) caused by H. pylori infection. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes of anemia in Vietnamese school-age children infected with H. pylori Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2023 to April 2024 involving 112 dyspeptic children from 5 to 16 years old who were admitted to Can Tho Children's Hospital, Vietnam. H. pylori infection was diagnosed with a positive histopathology combined with a rapid urease test. A bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify independent variables associated with anemia in H. pylori-infected children. Results The prevalence of anemia and IDA (iron deficiency anemia) amongH . pylori-infected children were 28.6% and 53.1%, respectively. The risk factor for anemia was age group from 11 to 16 years of age (OR: 3.24; CI 95%:1.21- 8.70). Iron supplementation (OR: 0.14; CI 95%:0.03 - 0.66) and periodic deworming (OR: 0.29; CI 95%: 0.10-0.89) were protective factors against anemia. After H. pyroli eradication and iron supplementation, all hematological parameters were increased among 32 anemic patients. Hemoglobin increased from 9.9 ±2.1 to 11.9±2.1 g/dL (p<0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin increased from 25.1 ± 4.1 to 28.0 ± 3.3 pg (P=0.003), and ferritin (IQR) increased from 16.7 (9.5-45.2) to 27.0 (15.1-47.0) µg/L (p<0.001). Conclusion Anemia in Vietnamese school-age children infected with H. pylori is prevalent. Taking iron supplements and periodic deworming reduces the risk of anemia. H. pylori eradication therapy plus oral iron supplementation will improve iron status in H. pylori-infected children.

262 Why are some cows skinny? An evaluation of stress and immune factors

Abstract For the mature cow with low body condition scores (BCS), being too thin can accompany health issues, reduced pregnancy rates, more days to rebreeding, and decreased milk production resulting in lighter calves at weaning. In addition, reduced fat insulation in low BCS cows during the winter equates to additional feed requirements for warmth. The hypothesis of this study was that stress and immune factors contribute to low BCS in mature cows. The objective of this study was to determine whether there were differences in hematology parameters, hair cortisol concentrations, and plasma cytokine concentrations among animals with low body condition (BCS ≤ 4). Over a 3 yr study, we collected 62 pairs of cows which included cows with a BCS ≤ 4, and a matched control animal born in the same year with the same or similar breed composition from the same population of animals with a BCS of 5 or higher. Hematology parameters, cytokine concentration, and cortisol concentrations were analyzed using a model with BCS classification and sample year as fixed effects and age in years as a covariate. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell and mean platelet volume were all less among the low BCS cows, and neutrophil count was greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Platelet, monocyte counts, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin tended to be greater in low BCS cows (0.05 &amp;lt; P ≤ 0.1), and lymphocyte count tended to be less. Hair cortisol concentrations, a longer-term measure of cortisol, tended to be greater in low BCS cows (P = 0.09). None of the 15 cytokines tested differed with BCS. The combination of reduced RBC parameters with greater neutrophils suggests that low BCS cows were responding to or were the reflection of some type of chronic stressor, such as a subclinical disease state or a physiologic stressor. This was also supported by the tendency for greater cortisol concentrations in low BCS cows. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Effects of Sophora flavescens dietary supplementation on the growth performance, haematological indices, and intestinal bacterial community of Oreochromis niloticus.

Sophora flavescens is considered to be of various medicinal and economic importance. Previous studies have shown that it has antibacterial, antioxidant, and immune-enhancing functions. To explore the full potential of S. flavescens in fish feed development, we investigated the effects of different levels of S. flavescens added to the diet on the growth performance, haematological indices, and the intestinal bacterial community of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feeding trial lasted for 56 days, and the initial weight of the fish was 40.00 ± 5.00 g. Nile tilapia were randomly divided into six groups: a control group (CN) and five S. flavescens supplementation groups (0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, 0.16%, and 0.3% [w/w] of S. flavescens in diet). The growth performance of fish increased first and then decreased with the increase of S. flavescens supplemental level. Compared with other experimental groups, the growth performance of fish supplemented with 0.08% S. flavescens was significantly improved (p < 0.05). Haematological indices exhibited that erythrocyte (RBC), along with leucocyte (WBC) indices, exhibited a secondary trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of S. flavescens, reaching the highest level at 0.08% (p < 0.05). However, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) exhibited a secondary trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of S. flavescens and reached the lowest value at 0.08% (p < 0.05). Compared with the CN, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) significantly decreased and changed when the additional amount of S. flavescens was 0.04% in each treatment group (p < 0.05). In another way, the gut microbial profiles revealed that Bacteroides dominated the gut communities, and compared with the control group, two uncultured bacteria were suppressed. In addition, when the supplemental level of S. flavescens was more significant than 0.04%, the proliferation of Arcobacter cryaerophilus, Solibacillus silvestris, and Escherichia sp. in the gut of Nile tilapia was promoted. The results revealed that S. flavescens, as an additive to the Nile tilapia diet with levels ranging from 0.04% to 0.08%, can enhance the growth performance and immunity and promote the proliferation of intestinal beneficial bacteria of Nile tilapia.

A stacked machine learning-based classification model for endometriosis and adenomyosis: a retrospective cohort study utilizing peripheral blood and coagulation markers.

Endometriosis (EMs) and adenomyosis (AD) are common gynecological diseases that impact women's health, and they share symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, chronic pain, and infertility, which adversely affect women's quality of life. Current diagnostic approaches for EMs and AD involve invasive surgical procedures, and thus, methods of noninvasive differentiation between EMs and AD are needed. This retrospective cohort study introduces a novel, noninvasive classification methodology employing a stacked ensemble machine learning (ML) model that utilizes peripheral blood and coagulation markers to distinguish between EMs and AD. The study included a total of 558 patients (329 with EMs and 229 with AD), in whom key hematological and coagulation markers were analyzed to identify distinctive profiles. Feature selection was conducted through ML (logistic regression, support vector machine, and K-nearest neighbors) to determine significant hematological markers. Red cell distribution width, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, and antithrombin III were proved to be the key distinguishing indexes for disease differentiation. Among all the ML classification models developed, the stacked ensemble model demonstrated superior performance (area under the curve = 0.803, 95% credibility interval = 0.701-0.904). Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the stacked ensemble ML model for classifying EMs and AD. Integrating biomarkers into this multi-algorithm framework offers a novel approach to noninvasive diagnosis. These results advocate for the application of stacked ensemble ML utilizing cost-effective and readily available peripheral blood and coagulation indicators for the early, rapid, and noninvasive differential diagnosis of EMs and AD, offering a potentially transformative approach for clinical decision-making and personalized treatment strategies.

Construction of a clinical prediction model for the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia based on clinical laboratory parameters

PurposePrimary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia that is often misdiagnosed due to the lack of a gold standard for diagnosis and currently relies on exclusionary approaches. This project combines several laboratory parameters to construct a clinical prediction model for adult ITP patients.MethodsA total of 428 patients with thrombocytopenia who visited the West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2021 and March 2023 were enrolled. Based on the diagnostic criteria, we divided those patients into an ITP group and a non-ITP group. A total of 34 laboratory parameters were analyzed via univariate analysis and correlation analysis, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was used to establish the model. The training and validation sets were divided at a ratio of 7:3, and we used a fivefold cross-validation method to construct the model.ResultsThe model included the following variables: red blood cell, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation, platelet variability index score, immature platelet fraction, lymphocyte absolute value. The prediction model exhibited good performance, with a sensitivity of 0.89 and a specificity of 0.83 in the training set and a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.87 in the validation set.ConclusionThe clinical prediction model can assess the probability of ITP in thrombocytopenic patients and has good predictive accuracy for the diagnosis of ITP.

Causal relationship between varicose veins and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration based on Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundIncreased hemoglobin concentrations may increase the risk of varicose veins. However, the underlying relationship between them was not yet understood.MethodsMendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to investigate causal effect between mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC, exposure factor) and varicose veins (outcome). Afterward, sensitivity analysis was used to ensure the reliability of MR analysis results. Then Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of SNPs were performed. A search tool for recurring instances of neighbouring genes (STRING) database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network.ResultsTherefore, the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) results showed there existed a causal relationship between MCHC and varicose veins (p = 0.0026), with MCHC serving as a significant risk factor. (odd ratio [OR] = 1.2321). In addition, the validity of the results of the forward MR analysis was verified by sensitivity analysis. Further, a PPI network of 92 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which used for forward MR analysis related genes was constructed. And they were found to be closely associated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway and cellular response to external stimulus by enrichment analysis. In addition, we clarified that the effect of varicose veins on MCHC was minimal by reverse MR analysis, suggesting that the results of forward MR analysis were not disturbed by reverse results.ConclusionThis study found a causal relationship between varicose veins and MCHC, which provided strong evidence for the effect of hemoglobin on varicose veins, and a new thought for the diagnosis and prevention of varicose veins in the future.

Terminalia bellirica and Andrographis paniculata dietary supplementation in mitigating heat stress-induced behavioral, metabolic and genetic alterations in broiler chickens

BackgroundHeat stress (HS) is one of the most significant environmental stressors on poultry production and welfare worldwide. Identification of innovative and effective solutions is necessary. This study evaluated the effects of phytogenic feed additives (PHY) containing Terminalia bellirica and Andrographis paniculata on behavioral patterns, hematological and biochemical parameters, Oxidative stress biomarkers, and HSP70, I-FABP2, IL10, TLR4, and mTOR genes expression in different organs of broiler chickens under chronic HS conditions. A total of 208 one-day-old Avian-480 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four treatments (4 replicate/treatment, 52 birds/treatment): Thermoneutral control treatment (TN, fed basal diet); Thermoneutral treatment (TN, fed basal diet + 1 kg/ton feed PHY); Heat stress treatment (HS, fed basal diet); Heat stress treatment (HS, fed basal diet + 1 kg/ton feed PHY).ResultsThe findings of the study indicate that HS led to a decrease in feeding, foraging, walking, and comfort behavior while increasing drinking and resting behavior, also HS increased red, and white blood cells (RBCs and WBCs) counts, and the heterophile/ lymphocyte (H/L) ratio (P < 0.05); while both mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, HS negatively impacted lipid, protein, and glucose levels, liver and kidney function tests, and oxidative biomarkers by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreasing reduced glutathion (GSH) activity (P < 0.05). Heat stress (HS) caused the upregulation in HSP70, duodenal TLR4 gene expression, and the downregulation of I-FABP2, IL10, mTOR in all investigated tissues, and hepatic TLR4 (P < 0.05) compared with the TN treatment. Phytogenic feed additives (PHY) effectively mitigated heat stress’s negative impacts on broilers via an improvement of broilers’ behavior, hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress biomarkers with a marked decrease in HSP70 expression levels while all tissues showed increased I-FABP2, IL10, TLR4, and mTOR (except liver) levels (P < 0.05).ConclusionPhytogenic feed additives (PHY) containing Terminalia bellirica and Andrographis paniculata have ameliorated the HS-induced oxidative stress and improved the immunity as well as the gut health and welfare of broiler chickens.

EVALUATION OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN H. PYLORI INFECTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is globally recognized for its role in various gastrointestinal diseases and extra gastric conditions, including hematological anomalies. Understanding the correlation between H. pylori infection and hematological parameters could provide insights into its broader health impacts. Objective: This study evaluated the correlation between H. pylori infection and various demographic, socioeconomic, and hematological parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled patients diagnosed with H. pylori and a matched control group without the infection. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for hematological parameters, including white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelet count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cell distribution width (RDW). Statistical analyses were performed using t-tests and chi-square tests where appropriate, with significance set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: The study included patients with statistically significant differences in hematological parameters between the H. pylori-infected and healthy groups. Notably, the infected group showed lower mean HGB (12.41±1.38 g/dl vs. 14.32±1.46 g/dl), RBC count (4.12±0.62x10^6/µL vs. 4.87±0.53x10^6/µL), and HCT (39.17±3.87% vs. 44.52±4.51%), and higher RDW (13.51±2.10% vs. 13.87±1.32%) compared to the control group (all p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate significant hematological changes associated with H. pylori infection, suggesting a potential impact on the overall health status of affected individuals. These results highlight the importance of considering H. pylori infection in the differential diagnosis of hematological abnormalities and underscore the need for further research to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions.

Performance of red blood cell indices for the detection of reticulocytosis in anemic and non-anemic dogs in Taiwan

Reticulocyte counts (RETIC) are considered the gold standard in detecting an erythroid bone marrow response (BMR) in anemic and non-anemic dogs. Reticulocytosis without anemia (RWA) is a potential indicator of disease. The prevalence of anemia or RWA, as well as the effectiveness of red blood cell (RBC) indices in identifying a BMR, may vary based on geographical locations and breed differences. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of regenerative and nonregenerative anemia, and RWA in pet dogs of Taiwan, and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of combined increased mean cell volume and decreased mean cell hemoglobin concentration (iMCV+dMCHC) to detect reticulocytosis in this population.The final population analysis consisted of 149,076 dogs. A cross sectional, retrospective analysis of complete blood count (CBC) samples from a field of automated hematology analyzers in Taiwan from December 1, 2018 through December 31, 2020 was performed. Among 149,076 dogs, 11.8 % (n=17,600) had reticulocytosis (RETIC > 110K/µl) and 21.8 % (n=32,474) had anemia (HCT < 37.3 %). Of 32,474 anemic dogs, 17.8 % (n=5,789) had reticulocytosis. Of 116,602 dogs without anemia, 10.1 % (n=11,776) had reticulocytosis. Across all dogs, sensitivity/specificity of iMCV+dMCHC to detect BMR was 4.3 % and 99.4 %, respectively compared to RETIC. Among anemic dogs, sensitivity/specificity of iMCV+dMCHC to detect BMR was 9.8 % and 99.2 %, respectively. Among non-anemic dogs, sensitivity/specificity of iMCV+dMCHC to detect BMR was 1.6 % and 99.5 %, respectively. Therefore, most regenerative anemias and cases of RWA did not have a combined iMCV+dMCHC. To avoid overlooking potential illness, RETIC should be evaluated regardless of whether patients have anemia or not.

Analysis of the Haematological Phenotype and Molecular Characteristics of Rare Abnormal Haemoglobin.

Haemoglobinopathy refers to a group of common monogenic inherited conditions associated with variations in the haemoglobin molecule; however, there is relatively limited reporting on abnormal haemoglobinopathy in the Chinese population, especially rare abnormal haemoglobin (Hb). The aim of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics of haemoglobinopathy to supplement data for the epidemiological investigation of Hb variants in Guangdong province of China. Peripheral blood was collected from five patients (including a family) for Complete blood count, Hb electrophoresis, High-performance liquid chromatography analysis and degenerative globin body testing. Hb variants were further analysed by PCR and DNA sequencing. The research subjects were diagnosed with different types of abnormal Hb. The blood routine of the Hb Fukuyama (HBB:c.232C>T) diagnosed individual showed microcytic hypochromic anaemia, with a lower Hb level (64 g/L), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 71.5 fL and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) of 21.5 pg. Individuals diagnosed with Hb Port Phillip (HBA2:c.275T>C) exhibit a MCH level that is slightly below average, at 26.4 pg. The Hb Saint Etienne (HBB:c.279C>G) diagnosed individual showed macrocytic hypochromic anaemia, and the proband had a low Hb level (116 g/L), MCV of 102.2 fL and MCH of 29.4 pg. We confirmed the presence of Hb Fukuyama (HBB:c.232C>T) in China for the first time. Three rare patients with the Hb Saint Etienne (HBB:c.279C>G) phenotype and one patient with Hb Port Phillip (HBA2:c.275T>C) phenotype were included. Our research enriches the gene mutation map of haemoglobinopathy in Guangdong province and improves the detection system of haemoglobinopathy for population prevention and eugenics.

Gender Differences in the Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Hematological Parameters in Wistar Rats

This study aims to investigate the gender dimorphism in cadmium exposure on hematological parameters in male and female Wistar rats. Twenty Wistar rats (120g-150g) were divided into four groups: male control, male cadmium-treated, female control, and female cadmium-treated. Cadmium chloride (50 mg/kg) was administered orally to the experimental groups for 45 days. Hematological parameters were analyzed using an auto hematological analyzer. Data were statistically evaluated using two-way ANOVA with significance set at p &lt; 0.05. Cadmium exposure significantly increased white blood cell (WBC) counts in male rats compared to controls, with notable decrease in neutrophils and an increase in lymphocytes. Female rats showed significant increase in monocyte and basophil levels. Furthermore, red blood cell (RBC) parameters showed significant reductions in hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in female cadmium-treated rats. No significant effects were observed on platelet count or distribution width in both male and female rats. The study concluded there are gender-specific hematological alterations due to cadmium exposure in Wistar rats. These findings underscore the need for gender-specific approach in the understanding and amelioration of cadmium toxicity.

Iron Deficiency Anemia among Sanitation Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study

ABSTRACT Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been the main cause of the health burden in India over the past decade. The aim of the present study was to examine the iron status and prevalence of iron deficiency anemia using biochemical markers among sanitation workers working at a tertiary healthcare center. Methodology: This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 80 sanitation workers for a period of 18 months (age 31–40 years). Dietary intake patterns were collected through the structured questionnaires. Blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count, serum iron level and unsaturated iron binding capacity, and ferritin. Total iron binding capacity and percentage transferrin saturation were calculated. Stool samples were screened for intestinal helminthic ova and cysts of intestinal protozoa. Results: Of the 80 sanitation workers, IDA was found in 38.7%; out of this, mild anemia was found in 16 (20%) participants, while 11.3% and 7.5% participants had moderate and severe anemia, respectively. Higher plasma sTfR levels were observed in women with severe iron depletion than in those with iron sufficiency (median 17.6 versus 15.5 nmol/L; P = 0.001). A statistically significant positive correlation between hemoglobin and serum iron, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation was found. Hemoglobin was positively correlated with white blood cells, red blood cells, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Conclusion: This study highlights the presence of mild IDA among sanitary workers and lower levels of iron intake than the recommended dietary allowance.

The Effect of Adhatoda Vasica as A Herbal Supplement on The Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Profile of Weaned Pigs

A 60-day trial was carried out to determine the impact of Adhatoda vasica as an herbal supplement on the performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profile of weaned pigs. 40 crossbred male pigs (Yorkshire × Landrace) with initial body weight of 10.21 ± 0.03 kg was distributed into 4 treatment consisting of 10 pigs each. On arrival, animals were quarantined for two weeks and fed basal diet which is adequate in all nutrients according to NRC (2012). Pigs in treatment 1 was fed basal diet without Adhatoda vasica leaf powder while those in treatment 2, 3 and 4 were fed same diet supplemented with Adhatoda vasica leaf powder at 200 g, 400 g and 600 g/kg respectively. A completely randomized design technique was adopted and the animals had unrestricted access to clean fresh water and feed. Quantification of phyto-constituents in Adhatoda vasica leaf powder showed that it contained higher concentration of flavonoids (102.1 mg/g) while steroids had the lowest concentration of 30.41 mg/g. Average daily weight gain was higher among pigs fed treatment 3 and 4, intermediate in treatment 2 and lowest in treatment 1. Average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality were significantly (P&lt;0.05) influenced by the treatment. Dry matter, ether extract, crude protein and crude fibre digestibility were influenced (P&lt;0.05) by the treatment. Red blood cell, pack cell volume, mean platelet volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, white blood cell, total protein was significantly (P&lt;0.05) different among the treatment except for aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase (P&gt;0.05). However, all values were within the established range for healthy pigs. In conclusion, Adhatoda vasica leaf powder can be supplemented in the diet of pigs without compromising their growth and health status.

Frailty detection with routine blood tests using data from the english longitudinal study of ageing (ELSA).

Frailty is a rising global health issue in ageing society. Easily accessible and sensitive tools are needed for frailty monitoring while routine blood factors can be potential candidates. Data from 1907 participants (aged 60years or above) were collected from the 4th to 9th wave of the English longitudinal study of ageing. 14 blood factors obtained from blood tests were included in the analysis. A 52-item frailty index (FI) was calculated for frailty evaluation. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards analysis were used to explore the relationships between baseline blood factors and the incidence of frailty over time respectively. All analyses were controlled for age and sex. The mean age of participants was 67.3years and 47.2% of them were male. Our study identified that 8 blood factors (mean corpuscular haemoglobin, HDL, triglyceride, ferritin, hsCRP, dehydroepiandrosterone, haemoglobin, and WBC) involved in inflammatory, nutritional and metabolic processes were associated with frailty. The combined model with these 8 blood factors had an AUC of 0.758 at cross-sectional level. In the Cox proportional hazards analysis, higher triglyceride (HR: 1.30, 95%CI: 1.07 ~ 1.59), WBC (HR: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.05 ~ 1.28), and lower HDL (HR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.38 ~ 0.90) at baseline were linked to greater risk of developing frailty within 10years. Compared to adults without abnormal blood factors at baseline, the hazard ratios of participants with two or more abnormal blood factors were almost twofold higher in developing frailty over time. Routine blood factors, particularly triglyceride, HDL and WBC, could be used for frailty screening in clinical practice and estimate the development of frailty over time.

TOXICITY AND HAEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES OF Datura innoxia STEM ON Clarias gariepinus JUVENILES

The acute toxicity and haematological changes of Datura innoxia stem on Clarias gariepinus juveniles was investigated in a static bioassay to determine the Median Lethal concentrations (LC50) at 96 hrs of exposure. Six graded concentrations of 0, 320, 330,340, 350 and 360mg/l of the aqueous extract were applied to C. gariepinus juveniles in plastic bowls. The result obtained revealed the 96hrs LC50 values to be 86.67mg/l with an 87% confidence interval between the lower and higher limits of 320 and 360mg/l. Fish exposed to acute toxicity test exhibited several abnormal behaviours, including air gulping/gasping, erratic swimming, discolouration haemorrhage, loss of reflex and molting were observed at the bottom of the bowl just before death The oxygen consumption by juveniles decreased with increased concentrations of Datura innoxia stem extract. The packed cell volume (31.34-34.78%), the red blood cell counts (1.75-2.01), haemoglobin (9.03-11.12g/dl) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were significantly depleted while, white blood cell counts (6.05-7.21) significantly decreases as the concentrations of Datura innoxia stem extract increases. The implication of these findings revealed that the stem of D. innoxia stem have negative effects on the test fish. The toxic effect of Datura innoxia stem on Clarias gariepinus juveniles were both time (12hrs) and dose dependent (340mg/l). It was concluded that Datura innoxia stem are harmful to Clarias gariepinus juveniles with significant haematological alterations.