Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Count Research Articles

Confounding role of comorbidities and COVID-19 vaccination uptake in clinical utility of hematological biomarkers in Cameroonian patients infected with SARS-CoV-2

ObjectivesTo analyze variations in blood profile, the extent of hematological disorders, and the impact of comorbidities and COVID-19 vaccination on blood profile parameters and their clinical value for prognostic of SARS-CoV-2 infection. MethodsThis cross-sectional study took place in Douala, Cameroon. A complete blood count and molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 were performed on patients. Clinical value was appraised using area under the curve (AUC) analysis. ResultsIn total, 420 participants were included. A significant reduction of hematological parameters such as lymphocytes (p < 0.0001), red blood cells (P = 0.0025), mean corpuscular hemoglobin count (P < 0.0001), and platelets (P = 0.02) was seen in SARS-CoV-2 (+) patients. Anisocytosis was the main hematological disorder (95.5%). Normocytic normochromic anemia was predominant in SARS-CoV-2 (+) (35.3%) while microcytic normochromic anemia was more frequently seen in SARS-CoV-2 (-) (16.5%). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) consistently showed statistically significant AUC ∼0.75 upon stratification for age, gender, and comorbidities, with the exception of COVID-19 vaccination uptake. ConclusionIn a context where molecular detection methods are difficultly affordable in health facilities in developing countries such as Cameroon, NLR could be clinically interesting for identifying SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, especially those with comorbidities.

Clinical and Haematological Parameters of Commonly Reported Non-deletional α-thalassaemia Mutations in Southeast Asia: A Review

Alpha (α)-thalassaemia is a common genetic disorder worldwide caused by the deletion and rarely non-deletional mutations of the α-globin gene. Nearly 70 types of non-deletional mutations have been reported worldwide, and this review focuses on the common ones affecting α-thalassaemia patients. The common mutations are initiation codon mutation, codon 30, haemoglobin (Hb) Constant Spring, Hb Quang Sze, Hb Adana and Hb Evora. The haematological parameters of non-deletional mutations usually show mild changes. However, a severe reduction in haemoglobin level, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin count (MCHC) has been observed among compound heterozygous HbH disease, involving both deletional and non-deletional mutations. Although non-deletional mutations are rarely reported, it requires the study of more cases to understand the clinical phenotypes that lead to severe clinical manifestations.

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Thaumatococus Danielli on Iodoacetamide Treated Rats

Anti-inflammatory drugs such as Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to reduce swellings and pains caused by inflammation but, long term use of these anti-inflammatory drugs results in the damage of human biological system such as the liver, gastrointestinal tract, etc. Hence, there is need for safer, potent, anti-inflammatory drugs. Hence, the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol leaf extract of Thaumatococcus danielli on iodoacetamide treated rats was investigated. Forty-two (42) rats were divided into seven groups of six rats each. Group 1 (positive control) received 1ml of 1% CMC; Group 2 (negative control) received 1ml of 1% CMC and 1ml of 0.1% iodoacetamide; Group 3 received 50mg/kg of extract (low dose) and 1ml of 0.1% iodoacetamide; Group 4 received 100mg/kg of extract (high dose) and 1ml of 0.1% iodoacetamide; Group 5 received 50mg/kg of extract (high dose) and 1ml of 1% CMC; Group 6 received 100mg/kg of extract (high dose) and 1ml of 1% CMC; Group 7 received 1ml 1% iodoacetamide and 2.14mg/kg diclofenac. Treatment with T. danielli extract showed no significant difference (p&gt;0.05) in all groups in lymphocyte, RBC, granulocyte, platelet, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin count but, a significant reduction in all groups was observed in ESR. Moreso, a significant decrease was observed in WBC in the high dose group, and a significant increase in group administered diclofenac. Ethanolic leaves extract of Thaumaococcus danielli possess an anti-inflammatory potential, possibly due to its embedded phytoconstituents. Keywords: Thaumatococcus danielli , Anti-inflammatory activity, Hematological studies, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Nitric oxide concentration DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/13-10-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2022

Hematological and biochemical parameters of premature kids of goats subjected to different dexamethasone protocols

ABSTRACT: Corticosteroid therapy has been used for ruminants to allow lung maturation and the birth of premature babies. However, when considering laboratory analyses of these animals, very little data is available regarding hematological and biochemical patterns, especially for premature goats, and the effects of corticotherapy on these parameters are unknown. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters during the first hours of life of premature kids from goats subjected to different dexamethasone protocols. For this, the goats were divided into four groups: group I, goats that received 20 mg of dexamethasone at 139 days of gestation; group II, 2 mg of dexamethasone from the 133rd to 136th day of gestation, 4 mg from the 137th to 139th, and 20 mg on the 140th; group III, 16 mg of dexamethasone from the 139th day, with repeated doses every 12 h until elective surgery; and group IV, goats that received 4, 8, 16, and 20 mg of dexamethasone at 137, 138, 139, and 140 days of gestation, respectively. Blood samples were obtained at birth (T0h) and after 1 (T1h), 12 (T12h), 24 (T24h), and 48 h (T48h) of life for hemogram and serum biochemistry assessment of urea, creatinine, total protein (PT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). PT levels and GGT activity were lower at birth in all groups and rose after colostrum ingestion. The creatinine values for all the experimental groups did not differ between T0h and T1h; however, they decreased in the subsequent moments. Except for group I, urea concentrations were higher at T48h than at T1h. The red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin counts decreased over time. The total leukocyte count behaved differently in different experimental groups, and was influenced by the levels of dexamethasone, mainly due to the change in the counts of segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes. It was concluded that significant changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters occur in the first hours of life of premature kids, and that the treatment of goats with dexamethasone can affect these parameters in a dose-dependent manner.

Hematinic effects of Spondias mombin and its protective role against the spleenotoxic effect of phenylhydrazine

BackgroundThis study was aimed at evaluating the hematinic effect of Spondias mombin and its protective role against the spleenotoxic effect of Phenylhydrazine (PHZ).MethodsThirty Wistar rats were randomized into 6 groups. Group A (Control) animals were neither given the extract nor PHZ. Rats in groups B and C were administered 150 mg/kg body weight and 300 mg/kg body weight doses of the extract respectively. Anemia was induced in rats in groups D and E by oral administration of 40 mg/kg body weight of PHZ and concomitantly administered 150 mg/kg body weight and 300 mg/kg body weight doses of the extract respectively. Anemia was also induced in rats in group F by administration of 40 mg/kg body weight of PHZ but without administration of the extract.ResultsHistology of the spleen show moderate expansion of the red pulp and contraction of lymphoid follicles in group F and mild follicular activation and sinus histiocytosis in group D. There were significant (p < 0.05) increase in the weight of the spleen in group F and decrease in group C. Results also show significant (p < 0.05) decreases in the RBC count in group F and increases in the Mean Corpuscular Volume and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin in groups D and E. There was also a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Count in group D.ConclusionThis study shows the hematinic effect of Spondias mombin and its possible use in ethno-medicine in managing anemic conditions, as well as its potential in protecting against the spleenotoxic effect of PHZ.

Cardioprotective effect of bioflavonoids against isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

The present study was undertaken to explore the cardioprotective potential of bioflavonoids against isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Cardiotoxicity was induced by isoproterenol (85mg/kg body weight) in animals. Blood biochemical, hematological parameters, urinalysis and histopathological studies were carried to assess the cardio protective effect. Isoproterenol administration induced significant cardiotoxicity in rats, which was evident from enhanced levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and calcium except sodium. Pretreatment with quercetin (50 mg/kg dose orally) significantly reversed isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity than the silymarin (50 mg/kg dose orally). From the obtained results it may be concluded that quercetin exerted a significant cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in rats than silymarin (p<0.001) for most of the blood biochemical parameters, mean corpuscular hemoglobin count as well as in attenuation of pathological changes in cardiac tissues.

NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BIOFLAVONOIDS AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS

The present study was undertaken to explore the neur oprotective potential of bio flavonoids against ca rbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) induced neuro toxicity in rats. Neuro toxicity was induced by CC l 4 (3ml/kg body weight) in wistar rats . Blood biochemical, hematological parameters and histopathological studies w ere carried out to assess the neuro protective effect. A dministration of CCl 4 has induced significant neuro toxicity in rats, which was evident from enhanced levels of potassium and decreased levels of sodium . Pretreatment with quercetin (50 mg/kg dose orally) s ignificantly reversed CC l 4 induced neuro toxicity than the silymarin (50 mg/kg dose orally). From the obtained results it can be concluded that querce tin exerted a significant neuro protective effect against CCl 4 induced neuro toxicity in rats tha n s ilymarin (p<0.001) for sodium and potassium in blood biochemical parameters , packed cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin count and red blood cells as well in attenuation of pathological changes in brain tissues.

Rutin potentially attenuates fluoride-induced oxidative stress-mediated cardiotoxicity, blood toxicity and dyslipidemia in rats

This study was undertaken to evaluate cardio protective effect of rutin against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced oxidative stress-mediated cardiotoxicity and blood toxicity. Cardiac injury was induced by daily administration of NaF 600 ppm in distilled water for four weeks. The animals exposed to NaF exhibited a significant increase in levels of cardiac serum markers, lipid peroxidative markers, serum total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and decrease in HDL levels. Decrease in hematological parameters, namely hemoglobin, red blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH count and increase in white blood cells and erythrocyte sedimentation levels were also observed. Marked histopathological lesions and increased DNA fragmentation in cardiac tissues were observed. Activity of antioxidants-catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione contents were decreased (p < 0.01), whereas lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde) was increased. A significant decrease in body and heart weight was also observed. Treatment with rutin effectively ameliorated the alterations in the studied parameters of rat through its antioxidant nature. There was also significant improvement in hematological parameters. Thus, results of this study clearly demonstrated that treatment with rutin against NaF intoxication has a significant role in protecting F-induced cardiotoxicity, blood toxicity and dyslipidemia in rats.

Effects of Fusarium mycotoxins with yeast cell wall absorbent on hematology, serum biochemistry, and oxidative stress in broiler chickens

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the toxicity of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins on hematology, serum biochemistry, and oxidative stress of broiler chickens, and to evaluate the efficacy of yeast cell wall adsorbent (YCW) in preventing mycotoxins-induced adverse effects. A total of 300 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens (mixed sex) were randomly divided into 3 groups and received different treatments (5 repetitions per treatment). Treatments were control, naturally contaminated diet (NCD; aflatoxin, 102.08 mg/kg; zearalenone, 281.92 mg/kg; fumonisin, 5,874.38 mg/kg; deoxynivalenol, 2,038.96 mg/kg), and NCD + 2 g/kg of YCW. Broilers fed NCD showed elevated serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) at 21 d, and alanine transaminase, GGT, creatine kinase, and MDA at 42 d. Higher white blood cell, lymphocyte (LYM), platelet, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin counts at 21 d, as well as LYM in whole blood and hepatic mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 at 42 d were also observed in broilers fed with NCD compared with the control diet. However, lower mean corpuscular volume at 42 d and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) at both 21 and 42 d were observed in broilers with the NCD treatment when compared with those with the control treatment. Dietary addition of YCW at the level of 2 g/kg in addition to the NCD treatment showed a positive protective effect on GGT, T-SOD in serum, white blood cells, LYM, platelets, and hemoglobin in whole blood at 21 d, and T-SOD, MDA in serum, LYM, mean corpuscular volume in whole blood, and hepatic mRNA expression of heat-shock protein 70 at 42 d. It is suggested that feeding NCD for 42 d might result in a deleterious effect on broiler chickens, and addition of 2 g/kg of YCW can partly attenuate the detrimental effects of the NCD feeding.

0006 Effects of Agricultural Work Practices and Pesticide Use on Occupational Health of Farmers

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the associated health symptoms between high and low exposed groups to pesticide, and to come up with an intervention pesticide program for our farmers in...

Effect of Crude Oil Polluted Water on the Haematology of Cockerel Reared under Intensive System

This study was designed to investigate the effect of polluted water on the Hematological indices of cockerels fed with polluted water at 5 ml, 10 ml and 15 ml of crude oil. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the Red Blood Cell (RBC) and White Blood Cell (WBC). Also, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV). There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in the Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Plasma Protein (P.P), Hemoglobin Concentration of Blood (HBC) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Count (MCHC). The significant reduction in RBC and WBC indicate hemolytic anaemia and exposes the birds to high risk of infections. This is due to injurious effect of the toxic components of the crude oil.

Toxicological evaluation of precocene II isolated from Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) in Sprague Dawley rats

Precocene II (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2-chromene) was the main constituent isolated from Ageratum conyzoides L. and reportedly possessed antifungal activity. The study investigated the isolation, purification and toxicological effects of precocene II from A. conyzoides in Sprague Dawley rats. Precocene II was isolated from the petroleum ether fraction of the plant and the structure was determined by 1 H-, 13 C-,DEPT-NMR and MS spectral techniques. Three groups of eight rats per group were used for the study. While groups B and C were respectively administered with 25 and 50 mg/kg of precocene II in 0.25% CMC-Na for 11 days by gastric intubation, group A was administered with 0.25% CMC-Na and served as the control group. After the last treatment, animals were fasted overnight and on the 12th day, they were injected intravenously with 0.2 ml/kg body weight of phenobarbital. Animals were subsequently dissected from the abdominal region; blood was collected from the pulmonary vein into EDTA anti-coagulated and non anti-coagulated tubes. The liver, kidney and spleen tissues were extracted into separate bottles for histopathological examinations. Results from hematological study indicated that the white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), plateletcrit (PCT) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin count (MCHC) were significantly higher across the treated groups. Biochemical result showed that serum glucose level was significantly reduced in the treated groups. No apparent damage was noticed in the liver, kidney and spleen tissues. The result therefore suggests that precocene II possesses hypoglycemic property and could alter some hematopoietic elements but was not toxic to the liver, kidney and spleen tissues.

Anemia in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> During the course of our recently reported study on β-carotene treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) (228:1004, 1974), we found that some patients had some degree of anemia as defined by the criteria established by the AMA Council on Foods and Nutrition (203:407, 1968). Since EPP was thought to have no hematological abnormality,^1,2we present our findings to suggest that a mild degree of anemia may be more widespread among patients with EPP than had been thought. The Table shows the incidence of anemia in our patients. Calculation of red blood cell indices in 12 of the 19 patients classified as anemic showed that the mean corpuscular volume was decreased in seven patients, and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin count was within the lower half of the normal range of 32 to 36 (31 to 33); this would suggest the presence of a microcytic-normochronic anemia. Examination of blood