Meadow Chernozem Soil Research Articles

Influence of organic fertilizers on the water and food regime of meadow-chernozem soil

The research is based on the results of studying the effect of solid organic fertilizers based on cattle manure (cattle) of various storage periods on the supply of productive moisture and the chemical composition of meadow-chernozem soil. The studies were carried out at LLC RUSKOM-Agro, Omsk region in 2017-2018. The application of organic fertilizers significantly increases the content of nitrate nitrogen (from very low to very high levels), mobile phosphorus and potassium. In the first year of aftereffect, manure doses continue to have a significant impact on the nutrient regime of the soil. Moisture reserves before sowing were characterized as good (133-154 mm) without significant changes when applying manure.

Evaluating agrogenic structurization of soil variants under different application modes in the Forest-Steppe

Aim. To develop the general normalized statistical model of organizing the structural state of the investigated soils, to determine the vector of direction and criteria of appraising structurization of soil variants in the Forest-Steppe on macro- and microaggregate levels of organization to obtain objective and integral information about the quality status of soil structure and to determine the critical level of degradation, when the residual resistance against the latter is lost. Methods. Field (investigated agrophysical properties of the most common variants in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: gray forest soil, meadow-chernozem soil, typical chernozem), laboratory (air-dried sieving of soil), statistical-analytical (fractal, factor, cluster, non-parametric statistics). Results. The combined study of the change in the state of soil structure in the most common soils in the Forest-Steppe on two hierarchy levels demonstrated the presence of soil-genetic interval in valuable structural units. The appraisal of several distribution series of structural soil units by dimensions in terms of stability using fractal indices and the structurization of agronomically non-valuable fraction of microaggregates of 0.7 and demonstrated the persistence and anti-persistence of the distribution series, namely, stability or trend. The re-grouping of soil structure constituents occurs by dimensions depending on the soil type, and microaggregates in the amount of 0.25 mm are mostly involved in structural aggregates of 1-0.25 mm and less so in more valuable structural units of >1 mm. Conclusions. It was determined that meadow-chernozem soil was the most resistant to anthropogenic impact (introduc- tion of mineral fertilizers and treatment methods). Its coeffi cient of macroaggregation was at a high level and in case of sowing perennial grasses with the introduction of fertilizers - at a very high level. Gray forest soil was found to be less resistant to the introduction of mineral fertilizers and typical chernozem was the most susceptible to agrophysical degra- dation: the macroaggregation coeffi cient was at a very low level. The microaggregation coeffi cient increased from typical chernozem to gray forest soil and meadow-chernozem which demonstrated the increase in humus content and biogenicity in the presented series of soil variants

FEATURES OF THE MYCOBIOTA IN ARTIFICIAL STANDS OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. IN THE SPOIL DUMPS OF THE KEDROVSKY COAL MINE (KEMEROVO REGION)

The fungal biota was studied in 2019 in a test plot in pine stands planted on the spoil dump of the Kedrovsky coal mine, and in a control plot in pine stands on zonal meadow chernozem soils in the Kuzbass Botanical Garden. In these plots, the number of fruit bodies was counted every seven days of the summer-autumn period, the fungi were photographed and identified. Surveys revealed 43 species of macrofungi in the Kedrovsky coal mine remediation sites, and 33 species of higher fungi on the zonal soils of the Kuzbass Botanical Garden. Abundant fruiting of macrofungi was observed in the stands planted of the spoil rock dump of the Kedrovsky coal mine. The number of fruit bodies formed in the mushroom community of pine forests in the control plot was 15 % lower on average. The trophic structure of the fungal biota in the plant community on the spoil dump was characterized by a high diversity of mycorrhizal species (18 species), while the group of litter saprotrophs was less diverse (13 species). The amount of soil-, litter-, and humus- dwelling saprotrophs was minor. The prevalent group in pine forests of the Kuzbass Botanical Garden, on zonal soils, was litter-dwelling saprotrophs (17 species), whereas mycorrhizal fungi were less numerous there (10 species), and the rest of trophic groups were represented by single specimens. The fungal biota of the remediated Kedrovsky coal mine areas featured high species richness and abundant fruiting, and the fungal species inhabiting the areas are typical of the Kemerovo Region. The prevalent component of the trophic structure of the fungal biota in the pine stands on remediated land was symbiotrophic fungi, forming ectomycorrhiza with woody plants, thus supplying the latter with nutrition in the oligotrophic conditions of technogenic residual rock. The presence of fungi of different trophic groups indicates that the dump habitats are involved in many ways in the biological cycle under the pine stand cover.

Variability of agrophysical properties of hillslope soils in the Cis-Salair region (West Siberia)

The aim of the study. The aim of the study was to estimate heterogeneity of moisture-related soil physical properties in a sequence of degraded hillslope soils in the cis-Salair region. The main tasks were to examine spatial fluctuations and changes in morphological and agrophysical properties of soils, differing in erosion degree, and assess their variability. Location and time of the study. The study was conducted in the forest-steppe zone in the Bugotak Hills (Novosibirsk region, Russia). A sequence of arable soils located along the 411 m convex hillslope with south-eastern exposition was investigated since July 01 till August 15, 2016. Main results. The article describes the variation of soil density, moisture content and temperature in a sequence of hillslope soils. The variation in the ploughed layer was found to be quite high, depending on the sampling scale. Examination of the spatial variability of the soil hydrophysical properties showed that the non-eroded podzolised chernozem (Luvic Greyzemic Chernozem) and toeslope meadow soil (Gleyic Greyzemic Phaeozem, Colluvic)had the highest density. The lower temperatures were recorded in the slightly eroded dark-gray forest soil (Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozem) and in the toeslope meadow soil, accumulating soil material eroded from the topslope. The temperature difference range between the “cold” and “warm” soils was 1.8 °С. Conclusions. Such studies have important prospects in development and introduction of agricultural technologies that are landscape-adapted, especially in areas with diverse relief and eroded soils. The main focus of such research should be the anti-erosion landscaping. The problem needs to be further studied within the framework of targeting the anti-erosion measures to geographic regions and natural zones.

ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTION OF SELENIUM IN A SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF WESTERN SIBERIA

Selenium plays an important antioxidant role in a living organism. At the same time, we often observe a deficit of selenium in natural environmental locations. Therefore, it is of great importance to elaborate and assess methods for the most efficient and environmentally safe intake of the necessary amount of this element in the human body with the consumption of vegetable food, among others. In this respect, the techniques of enriching plants with this microelement are promising. These techniques include additional introduction of selenium compounds into the soil and non-root intake. Our research consisted of an environmental assessment of the effect of selenium on biometric parameters, crop yield, and quality of spring wheat plants. Aziiev soft spring wheat, selenium microelement, meadow chernozemic soil were the objects of our study. It was determined that Se has a predominantly stimulating effect on the growth and development of wheat plants and their crop yield. A direct correlation between an increase in the applied doses of selenium and an increase in its content in wheat grain was identified. The results of our study can be applied for the development of appropriate methods for the use of selenium-containing micro fertilizers in certain environmental conditions.

Характеристика складу мікроміцетів осушуваних грунтів басейну р. Трубіж

The study of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the soil microbiota, which adequately reflects the degree of anthropogenic load, can be applied as an indicator of assessment of the ecological status of the soil of anthropogenically transformed biogeocoenosis.The aim of the article is to analyze the species composition of micromycetes of drained soils of the Trubizh river Basin as an indicator of the ecological condition of the soil of different degrees of economic activity. For microbiological analysis samples of organogenic (lowland deep and medium peat soils) and mineral (meadow-chernozemic) soils were used. The samples selected from four experimental plots with different degrees of anthropogenic load. In particular, the first plot is a long-term use fallow (more than 15 years) on deep peatlands, the second one is a field with corn for grain on medium peatlands. The third plot is a field with post-harvest soybean residues on medium peatlands and fourth one is fallow with annual and perennial grasses on meadow-chernozemic soils. Soil samples were taken from the root layer at a depth of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm according to the current DSTU. Isolation of micromycetes was carried out by dilution method of soil with the object of estimation of the concentration (number of colonies, micromycetes). The count of micromycetes was estimated on surface of potato-glucose agar and Chapek's agar plates and was determined by the number of colony forming units (CFU). It was established that in the plot with increased anthropogenic impact (field with corn for grain on medium peatlands) the total number of isolated micromycetes was twice less than in plots of fallow lands and soybean. There was observed very poor species compositions (13 species). 2 species (15%) of Zygomycota, where predominant concentration was Mucor plumbeus in the soil layer 0-20 cm and 11 species (85%) of Ascomycota were found. In all plots, the basis of micromycete complexes was formed by fungi-destructors of plant remains and root secretions of the genus Penicillium. The micromycetes of drained soils of the Trubizh river Basin was presented the biggest phylum Ascomycota (83-95.5%) and the phylum Zygomycota (4.5-17%) also.

Efficiency of the use of neutralized phosphogypsum, phosphorite processing waste, in agriculture

AbstractPhosphogypsum (PG), phosphorite processing waste, can be used in agriculture as a chemical ameliorant to eliminate soil degradation. But it has some disadvantages, especially acidity; therefore, the use of neutralized phosphogypsum (NPG) is proposed. The development of methods for the rational NPG use, both separately and in combination with mineral fertilizers, to improve soil fertility was the purpose of this study. The results of stationary field experiments to study the NPG effect on the fertility parameters of meadow chernozem soils are presented. For three years of the study, the portion of humic acids and the content of humic acids bound with calcium increased in the plow layer. Already in the first year of action, NPG decreased the soil acidity. Introduction of calcium into the soil with NPG stabilized the calcium regime and increased the absorption capacity by 3.2%–6.5%. The content of heavy metals was within the natural background and did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations. No reliable increase in fluorine and strontium concentrations was revealed. On the whole, NPG use is environmentally safe; it improves soil fertility and quality of plant products.

Optimum strip width at Mow-till for organic accumulation and soybean yield

The results of the study of the strip method of sowing soybeans in the southern regions of Amur region are presented. The field study was carried out in 2017–2019 on meadow chernozem soil. The experiment in studying the width of strip for sowing soybean and rapeseed included the following options: 20 cm soybean sowing strips, with rape sown between them (strips of 20, 40 and 60 cm); control – 30 cm soybean sowing strips, with rapeseed sown between them (strips of 30, 60 and 90 cm). The experiment in establishing the frequency of mowing a mulching crop in different phases of soybean development included the following options: 1) once – in the phase of the third triple leaf, 2) once – in the phase of the beginning of branching, 3) twice – in the phase of the third triple leaf and the beginning of branching, 4) twice – in the phase of the third triple leaf and in the phase of pod formation, 5) control – mulch was mowed during soybean harvesting. In the experiments, the area of the registration plot was 54 m 2 , the replication of the experiment was threefold. Sowing of Lazurnaya soybeans was carried out on May 24–25 by a KMFA-3.6 seeder with a seed shoe of 20 cm and 30 cm wide. Changing rape sowing strip from 20 cm to 40 cm and from 30 cm to 60 cm significantly increased the mass of plant residues by 8.6–7.7%. The highest yield of soybeans was achieved when it was sown with a strip of 20 cm and an inter-strip space of 40 cm, the yield increase was 0.82 t/ha. The yield of soybeans increases by 0.19–0.25 t/ha with two-fold mowing of rapeseed. It is effective to mow rapeseed with the interval from the phase of the third triple leaf to the branching of soybean plants. In the technology of cultivation of soybeans with the mow-till method, a basic sowing strip width of 20 cm is recommended for the main crop. Mowing soybean in rapeseed strips using the mow-till method allows to avoid herbicides and ensure the production of environmentally friendly soybean products.

Sources of increased productivity of tubers for potato breeding in the Far East

Relevance. In the difficult natural and climatic conditions of the Far Eastern region of the Russian Federation, there is a need for a comprehensive study of the source material to create modern competitive varieties with ontogenetic adaptation that can adapt to external conditions. The relevance of research is to mobilize the potato gene pool and study promising source material for potato breeding.Materials and methods. The goal of research is to identify sources of economically useful traits based on a comprehensive study of the source material to create high-yielding varieties of potatoes resistant to negative bio- and abiotic environmental factors. The object of research is domestic and foreign varieties of the collection nursery of potato of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean. The studies were carried out in the natural and climatic conditions of the Amur region on meadow chernozem soil of the experimental field of FSBSI ARSRI of Soybean in 2015-2019 years in accordance with the methods generally accepted for potato culture.Results. Varieties Fermer, Yubilyar, Zhukovskiy ranniy, Krinitsa, Rodrigo, Natasha, Delphin and Zolskiy showed stable productivity by years of research and the variation coefficient of the trait was 10.8...18.1%. Stable high tuberous productivity of plantings over the years was identified in varieties Zolskiy, Rodrigo and Natasha – 27.0-28.8 t/ha, its variation coefficient was from 15.4 to 18.1%. Varieties Delphin, Impala and Vulkan were characterized by high (over 98%) marketability of tubers. The use of the specified collection samples as parent forms when crossing in various hybrid combinations will make it possible to obtain highly productive offspring for further use in potato breeding.

SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SOIL ZOOLOGICAL METHODS IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF ALAs MEADOW SOILS OF CENTRAL YAKUTIA

The article discusses the results of research of soil microbiomass and communities of soil inhabiting oribatid mites in permafrost alas meadow-chernozem soil. This study allowed assessing the features of the state and main characteristics of the metabolic activity of microbiomass and the number and species diversity of the community of oribatid mites. In general, permafrost meadow soils of Central Yakutia are characterized by lower values of microbiomass and specific metabolic activity of this biomass than meadow soils of the European part of Russia, but higher values of microbial biomass and respiratory activity than permafrost taiga soils of Central Yakutia. The total average number of carapace oribatid mites in the meadow alas soil was 8640 sp/m2. This indicates a relatively high degree of favorable environmental conditions for communities of soil inhabiting oribatid mites in the studied ecosystem. The conducted research allows concluding that soil-microbiological and soil-zoological methods can be successfully used in the environmental monitoring of permafrost meadow soils of Central Yakutia.

Practical aspects of the selection of parental forms in the distant soybean hybridization

The article presents the results of research of the genetic collections of cultivated (KF, KB) and wild (KD) soybean of the gene pool of the All-Russian SRI of Soybean. The experimental part of the work was carried out in the laboratory of soybean breeding and genetics of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean” (FSBSI ARSRI) of Soybean in the period from 2016 to 2019. Field experiments were laid on the plots of selective crop rotation (Sadovoe village, Tambov district, Amur region) on meadow chernozem soil. The goal of research was to evaluate the source material of wild forms and cultural samples of soybean according to economically valuable traits and photosynthetic activity for selection of high-yielding varieties adapted to local growing conditions. As a result of research, genetic sources of various economically valuable traits were identified from the collection of wild soybean. According to a number of characteristics, soybean varieties were selected from the collections of cultivated soybean KB and KF: Kitrossa, Intriga, Nevesta, Hedi, Tundra with a growing season of 111…116 days and a yield of 3.11…3.37 t/ha, exceeding the standard Dauriya by 0.26…0.52 t/ha. The indicators of photosynthetic process intensity in plant leaves was determined in samples isolated by a complex of economically valuable traits from the collection of wild soybean: KBel-50, KA-1396, KM-695, KM-705, KT-156 (St) and from the best varieties of KB and KF collections. The analysis of the conducted studies made it possible to identify the most promising varieties and forms of wild soybean with the optimal level of activity of photosynthetic processes, which, along with sources of economically valuable traits from the collections of KD, KF, and KB, were included in crossbreeding in 2018-2019.

Intensity of biological accumulation of microelements (zinc and copper) plants of Echinacea purpurea L. under conditions of Western Siberia

Relevance. To compensate for the lack of nutrient reserves available for plants, the introduction of macro and micronutrient fertilizers is required. Since microelements have the ability to migrate in the soil – plant system, it is necessary not only to control their content in these systems, but also to determine the biological accumulation of plants, including medicinal ones, taking into account specific zonal features of the territory. Thus, the aim of the work was to study the intensity of the biological accumulation of zinc and copper by Echinacea purpurea in Western Siberia. Materials and methods. Field experiments were conducted in the period 2016-2018 on meadow chernozem soil of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. A valuable medicinal crop, Echinacea purpurea , was chosen as the object of study. Copper and zinc fertilizers in acetate forms were applied in the background (N 125 ). In soil and plant samples, the content of mobile forms of Zn and Cu was determined by the atomic absorption method. Results. With the addition of zinc and copper fertilizers, the content of mobile forms of Zn and Cu in the soil increased in comparison with the control and background. At the same time, the use of micronutrient fertilizers did not lead to excess MPC. The zinc content in the medicinal raw material of Echinacea purpurea during the application of micronutrient fertilizers varied from 9.9 to 17.1 mg / kg; copper from 2.09 to 4.41 mg / kg. In the test cases, when applying zinc fertilizers, the concentration coefficients (Kk) of zinc in the soil were higher compared to plants (Kk soil > Kk plant ). The reverse situation is the accumulation of copper by plants. Kk Cu when applying copper and zinc fertilizers in plants is higher than in the soil: K k plant > K k soil . To assess the intensity of the absorption of trace elements by Echinacea purpurea , biological absorption coefficients (СBA Zn, Cu ) were used, which showed that this culture is a concentrator of zinc and copper, since CBA > 1. Moreover, copper in plants of Echinacea purpurea accumulates more vigorously (CBA > 10), compared to zinc. The content of microelements in the medicinal raw material of Echinacea did not exceed MDU (Cu - 30 mg / kg, Zn – 50 mg / kg).

Evaluation of pedotransfer functions to predict saturated hydraulic conductivity of Ukrainian soils

Literature overview. The parameterization of hydrological models requires knowledge of the soil filtration properties. Generally, soil profiles are characterized by properties such as sand, silt and clay content, bulk density, organic carbon fraction or humus content, and no data on filtration properties are available. Ukrainian soil database, created in Geoecophysics of soil laboratory of National Scientific Center “Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Researched named after O.N. Sokolovsky” (Laktionova et al., 2012), among other properties has extensive data on texture and bulk density for more than 2000 profiles, less on organic carbon content, and almost no data on saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). The most probable ranges of Ksat for most types of Ukrainian soils are given in the Atlas of natural conditions and natural resources of the Ukrainian SSR (“Pochvenno-meliorativnoye rayonirovaniye. Masshtab 1:4000000,” 1978), however, the data doesn’t present Ksat for different textures inside one soil type. To fill this gap, the best solution is the applying of pedotransfer function (PTF). The purpose of this work is to synthesize the most realistic Ksat of the main soil groups of Ukraine, corresponding to a scale map of 1:2 500 000 (Krupskiy, 1977), as well as their genetic horizons, on the basis of calculated and experimental values available in the literature. Material and methods. Ten PTFs used in the study are based on regression equations (Cosby et al., 1984; Saxton & Rawls, 2006; Weynants et al., 2009; Wösten et al., 1999), decision tree (Tóth et al., 2015), or neural network (Zhang & Schaap, 2017). Ksat was estimated for 942 horizons of 171 profiles which represented all 40 soil groups (corresponding to the legend of 1:2 500 000 map) of Ukraine according to Dokuchaev classification. Results. Wösten and Rosetta3 PTFs are determined as the most relevant by comparing the calculated Ksat values with the available data of the bottom (horizons A2, B, C) and top (A0, A1) soil layers of Ukraine. In particular, they are relevant for widespread soils such as Soddy podzolic soils (WRB – Eutric podzoluvisols), dark gray podzolized soils (Phaeozems Albic), chernozems podzolized (Chernozems Chernic), chernozems southern (Chernozems Calcic), meadow-chernozemic soils (Phaeozems Haplic), dark chestnut and chestnut soils (Kastanozems Haplic and Kastanozems Luvic), meadow soils (Umbrisols Gleic, Fluvisols Dystrict, Fluvisols Eutryc, Leptosols Umbric), mountain soils (Cambisols), and top layer of Chernozems ordinary (Chernozems Chernic). Unfortunately, all ten PTFs underestimate 2-4 times Ksat of bottom layer of ordinary and typical chernozems (Chernozems Chernic) and overestimate 2-5 times for relatively impermeable horizons (< 2 mm/h). Conclusions. Based on the calculated and experimental values, the map of Ksat of the top and bottom soil layers was obtained. Sandy soils, common in Polissia, have the highest filtration rate. Ksat of loam and clay soils of forest-steppe and steppe can differ between different types by an order. The highest Ksat have soils with high structural properties (Chernozems Luvic, Chernozems Chernic). The lowest Ksat (0.2-3 mm/h) have Phaeozems Sodic, Solonetz, Solonchaks, Planosols Albic, and bottom layer of soddy manly gley (Arenosols Protic/ Haplic) and loamy soddy podzolic soils (Albeluvisols Umbric). The estimated values should be considered as the most probable because Ksat depends on landscape location of soil profile, tillage operations, and soil temperate. The results are acceptable to use in hydrological calculations and modeling.

Agroecological efficiency of periodic use of neutralized phosphogypsum in rice crops

The purpose of the experiment was to study the influence of periodic using of neutralized phosphogypsum on the fertility of meadow chernozem soils of Krasnodar Territory, achieving of the appropriate level of rice agrocenosis productivity, and the quality of rice grain. The timing of the effective use of phosphogypsum as a phosphorus fertilizer was revealed during the experiment. It was proved that the same level of mobile phosphorus content in rice soils can be achieved by using either phosphogypsum or standard phosphorus-containing fertilizers. Given the fact that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are already used, using of phosphogypsum provides an opportunity of getting a 6,34 tons/hectare yield of rice (the same result was achieved using N120P80K60 fertilizer). 3 years after re-fertilizing the soil with phosphogypsum we can notice that effectiveness of phosphogypsum in optimization of rice mineral nutrition program contributes to cost savings of 4155 RUB/hectare in comparison with traditional fertilizing system.

Impact of nutrient supply on the relative development of yield components of winter wheat

In the long-term fertilization experiment, at Fülöpszállás, on calcic meadow chernozem soil we carried out experiments in seven growing seasons (2003/2004, 2004/2005, 2005/2006, 2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2008/2009, 2009/2010) with two winter wheat variety (GK Kalász, GK Petur,) in 4 replications, on 20 square meter random layout plots. The yield components were evaluated by kind of Sváb cumulative yield analysis. It can be determined that one-sided N, PK and NPK 2:1:1 rate applications had significant effect not only on yield of winter wheat, but also on yield components determining yield. Compare with the use of different nutrient rates it can be determined that in Fülöpszállás production site of high humus content, good P2O5 and K2O providing ability; in the case of one-sided N application only slightly, but under PK application higher increase in yield component could be realized compared to plants of unfertilized control plots. The NPK 2:1:1 rate application has spectacularly represented the cumulative effect of nutrients, as the appropriate rate of nutrients caused not only the aggregation of the effects of certain nutrient rates, but intensifying influences resulted in redoubling of its results. The higher rates of PK and certain 2:1:1 rate NPK treatments increase the values of yield components only to a lower extent compared to control treatment.

Evaluation of the biological activity of meadow chernozem soils after the application of biochars with different pyrolysis temperatures in a model experiment

The paper aims to study the effect of fresh and aged biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures and metal resistant bacteria on the numbers of microorganisms and the dehydrogenase activity of meadow chernozem soils. The use of fresh biochar leads to an increase in the number of soil bacteria and suppression of dehydrogenase activity; after ageing biochar by incubation in the soil, dehydrogenase activity increases significantly.

Formation of a crop of medicinal crops (<i>Tanacetum vulgare</i> L., <i>Echinacea purpurea</i> L.) under influence of essential microelements

Relevance. A wide range of pharmacological effects of tansy and Echinacea purpurea determine the continuing interest in the study of these cultures. Medicinal crops contain not only a large number of biologically active substances, but also trace elements necessary for normal growth and development. Agronomic bio-enrichment of medicinal raw materials allows you to increase productivity, manage product quality in the direction of enhancing the pharmacological action. Thus, the aim of the work was to study the effect of various doses of zinc acetate on the productivity of two medicinal crops of tansy and Echinacea purpurea.Material and methods. Studies were conducted from 2012 to 2018 on meadow-chernozem soil of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. As objects of research, perennial medicinal crops were chosen – Tanacetum vulgare L. and Echinacea purpurea L. Zinc fertilizers were applied in the background (N125, N135P45K45) used in acetate form.Results. The introduction of zinc fertilizers into the soil contributed to an increase in the yield of medicinal crops in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia. It was revealed that the maximum yield was observed on the variants of 0.75 MAC Zn (Tanacetum vulgare L.) and 0.5 MAC Zn (Echinacea purpurea). Thus, tansy was more responsive to the use of micronutrient fertilizers. The studies established a high correlation relationship (r = 0.88–0.99) between yield indicators and doses of zinc added. The obtained optimal doses of zinc fertilizers (60 and 21.4 kg / ha) can be recommended for growing these crops in order to increase their productivity.

Agrogenic soil evolution of rice agrolandscapes

This paper describes soil chronosequence studies relating to fertility evolution of meadow-chernozemic (Gleyic Chernozem) soil of the Kuban region. The research has been conducted in the rice irrigation system of Krasnoarmeysky district, Krasnodar Krai. Over the course of 80 years with 12-year intervals, soil was sampled from pits from the plots/checks with permanent rice cultivation, or with crop rotation as well as from fallow land. Changes of morphological, physical and physico-chemical soil characteristics were studied. Rice paddy cultivation results in removal from the plow layer organic substances, carbonates, mineral elements, and silt particles, i.e. of the components responsible for stable soil development in the irrigation system. This illustrates the expression of dehumification, lessivage, and degradation soil processes with rice cultivation permanently as a monoculture or in a crop rotation during the chronosequence study. Deterioration of the soil physical condition is one of ever-increasing factors.

Диагностика калийного состояния почв лесостепи Западной Сибири

The aim of the study was to review indicators and propose grades of soil potassium availability to crops.. The need of assessing soil potassium status on the basis of combined use of several diagnostic indicators, characterizing soil potassium pool, both quantitative and qualitative, is  substantiated; at the same time, it is indispensable to take into account  some  properties of a specific soil, such as  particle size distribution and  cation exchange capacity. The diagnostics of soil potassium status in the long-term field experiments conducted in the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia was carried out. Results and conclusions. It was found that over 40 years of the experiment on the meadow chernozemic soil (Gleyic Chernozem) with initially very high potassium supply the content of exchangeable potassium decreased from 60 to 30 mg/100 g soil; at the same time, the level of easily exchangeable potassium decreased from 4.0 to 1.1-1.2 mg/100 g soil, indicating a significant deterioration in soil desorption capacity in relation to potassium. In the gray forest soil (Phaeozem) that was initially supplied with potassium, the content of its exchangeable and easily exchangeable forms decreased in 5–7 years of experiments to a critical minimum level, i.e. from 12 and 2 to 6–7 and 0.4–0, 5 mg/100 g soil, respectively. During the subsequent years (25 years) this content remained unchanged. It is concluded that systematic application of potassium together combined with nitrogen and phosphorus background fertilization ensured optimization of potassium status of soils.

Plant Protection And Foliar Fertilizing Technology Of Apple (Malus Domestica Borkh)

The systematic use of foliar fertilizers during growing season is a relatively new agronomic practice in Central Russia and it is still not widely used in horticultural enterprises of the region. One of the main reasons for this is the relatively high cost of this method. Producers prefer soil fertilization which adversely affect the environment. A significant reduction in cost of foliar fertilizing could be obtained by combining foliar nutrition with plant protection. The number of plant protection treatments, as well as toxicity of some products, is increasing annually. The use of fertilizers and plant protection products negatively affect the environment. It is very important to find ways of decreasing this load on surroundings. Currently, many different biological preparations for plant protection exist which are suggested to replace chemicals. The problem is in their relative low effectiveness compared to traditional plant protection products. The authors have studied the most popular plant protection products (in a traditional protection system) and application of foliar fertilizers (in a mineral foliar fertilizer system) in comparison with ecologized plant protection system (based on bacterial and low-toxic preparations) in tank mixtures with seaweed extracts-based foliar fertilizers. The authors have considered yield, scab development, content of calcium in leaves and fruits as the main criteria of this study. The research was carried out in the irrigated orchard (1,480 trees/ha), planted in leached meadow-chernozem soil. The investigation was carried out in 2013-2015. The results of traditional plant protection system in tank mixtures with mineral foliar fertilizer application, as well as ecologized products with seaweed extracts-based preparations, have been compared. Traditional plant protection system in combination with mineral foliar fertilizers have ensured a higher content of calcium in leaves and fruits, less damage from scab and higher yields. We can consider two ways of replacing traditional plant protection and fertilizing approach: the development of new highly efficient ecologized products or increased financial support.