MBBS Medical Students Research Articles

Implementation of Case-Based Learning in 1st-Year MBBS Students -Future of Medical Professionals Learning Methods in Indian Medical Colleges?

ABSTRACT Background: Case Based Learning (CBL) is the best method for correlation of knowledge with clinical scenarios. The present study is planned to implement case-based learning in 1st-Year MBBS students and find out the perception of the students as a guideline to incorporate this activity in the curriculum. Material and Methods: The study was conducted among 1st-Year MBBS students. The students who consented to participate were divided into 23 groups each containing 5-6 participants. The case along with the reference material was allotted to the groups of students sequentially. Faculty was allotted to each group of students for their help and discussion on the given case. The completed activity was uploaded on Moodle for all the students to go through. After 25 weeks, students’ perception of the activity were obtained with the help of validated questionnaire through Google Forms. Data was analyzed in SPSS software. Results: 85% of students felt that CBL helped them understand clinical applications, enhanced problem-solving skills and retention of knowledge. More than 85% of students were comfortable with CBL in terms of relevance to the curriculum, mode of conduction, and development of interest. Over 90% of students mentioned that provided resources and faculty were helpful. Conclusion: The study concludes that successful implementation of case-based learning is possible for 1st-Year MBBS medical students. Students perceived CBL as a motivating and effective teaching-learning method.

The Effect of Teaching Professionalism by Using Real Lifetime Scenarios in Undergraduate Medical Students: An Educational Trial.

The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of teaching professionalism by real lifetime scenario to undergraduate MBBS medical students. This comparative quasi-experimental trial was conducted in OBS/GYN department from May 2019 to Jan 2020. The final year MBBS students of Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, who attended the clinical rotation of Gynae OBS were enrolled in the study using consecutive sampling. Each batch consists of 15 students. The first two batches were taken as active control, whereas the third batch was taken as an interventional group. The certified faculty in medical education assessed professionalism by using P-MEX at the start and end of the rotation in the gynae ward. P-MEX data are presented as mean and standard deviation. The comparison between the two groups was done using independent sample t-test, and pre- and post-comparison within group was done by paired sample t-test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Among the 45 students, 28(62.22%) were male and 17(37.78%) were female. Age and gender were statistically similar in both groups. The average total score, at the start of the rotation of the intervention group was 1.95±0.294, whereas the active control group was 2.23±0.31. At the end of the rotation, the average total score of the intervention group was 3.22±0.48 and active control was 2.56±0.53. Pre- and post P-MEX score was statistically significant with P<0.001. This research showed that the teaching of professionalism using real lifetime scenarios led to statistically significant improvement of professionalism in the form of P-MEX mean score among final MBBS students.

Impact of Closure of Medical Colleges due to COVID 19: The Scenario of Online Classes and Learning Outcome in Undergraduate Medical Students.

Background: During Coronavirus disease (COVID 19) pandemic all educational institutions including the medical colleges in Bangladesh were closed for more than ten months. In this period all classes for undergraduate medical students like lectures and practical classes were taken by online platform. For this reason, the scenario of online classes and learning outcome need to be assessed among undergraduate medical students during COVID 19 pandemic.Objective: To find out the scenario of online classes and learning outcome in undergraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: An observational study, among different years of MBBS medical students exposed to both online and offline classes during COVID pandemic from 2020 -2021. This study was carried out by the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, at Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College (KYAMC). A total number of 237 medical students from different years were included randomly in this study. Among them 99 male and 138 female medical students participated. To collect data, a questionnaire form was supplied to the participants to fill up. This form contained some demographic criteria, health issues during online classes, internet connectivity issues, problem faced by students, opinion to encourage online classes in future and causal factors of lack of interest. In addition, we also made a comparison between marks obtained in case of online and offline written examinations (SAQ) and oral examinations (SOE).Results: The result showed that anxiety and depression were developed in 53.59% and 44.30% of medical students respectively due to COVID-19. Eyesight problem was developed in 66.66% of medical students due to online classes. 50% of students reported the communication gap between patients and students during practical classes. 52.74% of medical students did not recommend such types of online classes in the future. The comparison between online and offline examinations showed that the results of offline exams were better than online.Conclusion: During COVID pandemic we used online classes as an alternative teaching-learning process. But we found poorperformance in their exams. The students also did not suggest online classes in the future. KYAMC Journal Volume: 14, No: 03, October 2023: 145-150.

Knowledge and perception regarding adverse drug reactions among undergraduate medical students of Bihar, Eastern India.

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have national and international monitoring and are part of teaching-learning of undergraduate medical course and curriculum. To find the knowledge and perception of ADRs among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care teaching institute in eastern India. This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted among the MBBS medical students by administration of pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaires. The data on their knowledge and candid reflections on ADRs were analyzed question by question using software and compared with peers. The responses from the participants on knowledge and perception of ADRs varied widely. Final-year students had the most precise response on classification, filing an ADR report, national reporting centers, and the first step in monitoring ADRs; the majority accepted their first- hand experience and legal and professional responsibilities on ADRs. Third-year students responded well on objectives, methods, and scope of patients on direct reporting or drug overdose and monitoring; respect patient confidentiality while reporting; and expect feedback from monitoring centers, with special training on ADR. Second-year students responded well on definitions, pharmacovigilance programs in India, alertness of banned drugs because of ADR, and related capacity building. The awareness and insight on ADRs of the undergraduate medical students were quite reasonable. However, further reinforcement is needed in future to be updated to relevant issues to their practice as primary care physicians.

Impact of Educational Intervention on Knowledge and Attitude of Undergraduate Medical Students Regarding Pharmaceutical Promotion

Background: Promotional activities conducted by pharmaceutical industries are highly successful to alter physicians' prescribing habit. Undergraduate medical curriculum does not make students to deal with this unwarranted effect. Educational intervention might be a key to address this crucial issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of educational intervention on knowledge and attitude of medical students regarding pharmaceutical promotion.&#x0D; Materials and methods: This interventional research was conducted from February 2016 to February 2017. 4th year MBBS students of the four medical colleges of Dhaka city were the study population. A baseline assessment on knowledge and perception of the 4th year MBBS medical students' of the included medical colleges (Control and intervention) was conducted by a questionnaire survey. Number of respondents in control and intervention group was 156 and 243 respectively in pre test. Then, a package of educational intervention including interactive lecture and practical session was delivered to intervention group. After I month of intervention, post intervention data had been collected from undergraduate students to evaluate the effect of intervention on their knowledge and perception by using same questionnaire. Number of respondents in control and intervention group was 152 and 227 respectively in post test. Attitude of the undergraduate students of intervention group was evaluated by a structured questionnaire after one month of intervention. Total 227 students were participated in this survey.&#x0D; Results: Proportion of students regarding knowledge and perception about pharmaceutical promotion is significantly increased after intervention (p&lt;0.001). Attitude of undergraduate students of intervention group on 10 different case scenarios related to pharmaceutical promotion have been changed after intervention and it were statistically significant in all 10 case scenarios.&#x0D; Conclusion: The conducted educational intervention was found effective at undergraduate level to modify knowledge and attitude about pharmaceutical promotion.&#x0D; Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (1); January 2023; Page 8-13

Assessment of Learning Styles in Final Year Medical Students: Comparison of Private and Government Medical College

Objective: to make a comparison of preferred learning style of final year MBBS medical students of a private medical college with that of Government sector institution. Method: Participants of this observational study were final year students of Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore (SIMS) and Lahore Medical and Dental College (LMDC) Pakistan. Fifty Final year students from each college filled the Vark Questionnaire. They were assessed according to their favorite method of learning and were classified as kinesthetic, visual, auditory, or read/write. Comparison of VARK scores between colleges was done by Independent Sample T-Test. Results: There was no significant difference in preference of learning styles among students of both medical colleges. Majority students of both colleges preferred Unimodal style (LMDC-78% vs SIMS-74%). Multimodal style was seen in the rest of students. Read/writing was common among the students of both colleges (20%). Kinesthetic style was preferred by 34% of students of private vs 20% from Government institution. Conclusion: Teaching should involve all sensory modality so that all types of students can actively participate in learning session.

Study of Awareness of HPV Vaccine Among MBBS Medical Students and Paramedical Workers in National Capital Region Institute of Medical Sciences, Meerut, U.P., India

Study of Awareness of HPV Vaccine Among MBBS Medical Students and Paramedical Workers in National Capital Region Institute of Medical Sciences, Meerut, U.P., India

Assessment of Sleep Quality and Its Effects on Academic Performance Among the First Year MBBS Medical Students in A Tertiary Care Centre, TamilNadu.

Assessment of Sleep Quality and Its Effects on Academic Performance Among the First Year MBBS Medical Students in A Tertiary Care Centre, TamilNadu.

Introduction of Case Base Learning (CBL) in teaching undergraduate 2ND year MBBS Medical students in Community Medicine

Introduction of Case Base Learning (CBL) in teaching undergraduate 2ND year MBBS Medical students in Community Medicine

Knowledge, attitude and awareness of pharmacovigilance among medical students in a tertiary care centre

Objective: The Purpose of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude and awareness of pharmacovigilance among medical students in a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Prakash Medical college and Hospital, Islampur, Kolhapur, Maharastra. The approval for conducting this study was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee prior to the study. This was a cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study. Total 340 participants were approached, which included medical students of MBBS, students of Nursing College, Dental College and Physiotherapy College attached to the Hospital were included in the study. Results: Though majority of MBBS students had defined the term “Pharmacovigilance”, less than half were able to define by BDS, BPT and Nursing students. These students are told about it in pharmacology but not actively discussed. This shows that there is a need to stress on pharmacovigilance during undergraduate teaching. Knowledge and attitude-based questionnaire was well answered by majority of MBBS students similar to studies. The overall awareness about pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting was low, in all medical and nursing students. Conclusion: This study concludes that the MBBS medical students’ knowledge and attitude towards pharmacovigilance was by far commendable in comparison to other medical courses. Practical based awareness regarding pharmacovigilance was very less in all stream of medical courses.

Analysis of impact of COVID-19 on stress, anxiety and depression among 1st &amp; 2nd MBBS medical students in central India

Background- The mental health of students has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to keep an eye on and supervise students' mental health during emergencies like pandemics. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of previous investigations into the incidence of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective Analysis of Impact of COVID-19 on stress, anxiety and depression among 1st &amp; 2nd MBBS medical students in central India : A cross sectional study" Materials and Methods: Methodology- This online cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted on undergraduate medical students after it was given permission by the institution's ethics committee. For the collection of baseline socio-demographic information, a structured pre-validated questionnaire was used, and a standard DASS 21 (twenty one items) questionnaire was used for the measurement of depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate medical students. Result- 12.3% of participants had extremely severe depression, and 10.9% had severe depression. 27% of participants scored moderately depressed, and 18.2% scored mildly. 39% of participants were normal.

Community based sensitization to address maternal and child health problems in tribal population of India

Background: India fights with substantial maternal and child health (MCH) concerns, accounting about one quarter of the global burden of maternal and childhood mortality. The current study was tried to assess the impact of community partnerships between medical students, community stakeholders (TBAs and local tribal girls) and general community members on their awareness levels about MCH care and services.Methods: a community-based pilot interventional study was conducted at one of the rural blocks of Maharashtra state of India. Of 120, sixty (50%) first year undergraduate MBBS medical students (intervention group) posted at two months rural healthcare training programme’ participated in preparing MCH related health education material (HEM) in local language. Similarly local tribal girls, TBAs and general community people were trained about MCH and their knowledge levels were assessed.Results: Pre and post training assessment scores of participants (students, TBAs, tribal girls and general people) indicated significant (p&lt;0.05) differences in their knowledge about MCH. The used approach of community collaborations in this study upgraded the knowledge of stakeholders (TBAs, tribal girls) and common tribal people about basic aspects of MCH and associated welfare schemes. The study also reported positive attitudes of all participants about an intervention.Conclusions: Productive and synergistic community partnerships can be created among health care providers, community health workers and other stakeholders to ensure commitment and engagement towards positive health.

Occurrence of urinary tract infection and preventive strategies practiced by female students at a tertiary care teaching institution.

BACKGROUND:Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are more common in females than males and predominantly based on their unhealthy practices in their day to day lives. This study is trying to assess the occurrence of UTI and strategies used by female student to prevent UTI.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in a tertiary care teaching institute. A total of 338 conveniently selected B. Sc. Nursing and MBBS Medical students were surveyed. The data were collected by using a pretested, a self-structured questionnaire related to occurrence and practices to prevent UTI along with necessary demographic details. Descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Chi-square test) statistics was used to compute the data.RESULTS:The result of this study shows that 10.05% female students reported of having UTI. The proportion was higher in nursing students (67.6%) than medical (32.4%) but did not show a significance difference (P = 0.61). Age, duration of hostel life, and marital status were significantly associated with the status of UTI (P = 0.001). To prevent UTI, students were using commercial product with Tea Tree Oil, soap, drinking 3–4 l water/day, increased frequency of peri-wash during menstruation period, and use of Citrus Fruits. The use of western toilet was also significantly associated with status of UTI (P = 0.04).CONCLUSION:The occurrence of UTI was more among nursing students. Most of the perineal hygienic practices by the female students were associated with occurrence of UTI; hence, it is necessary to emphasize on preventive practices to minimize re-occurrence.

Effect of Stress on Heart Rate Variability in Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Medical education can impose significant psychological stress on undergraduate students. A considerable degree of psychological morbidity has been reported among medical students ranging from stress, interpersonal problems, and suicidal ideation to psychiatric disorders and they tend to have greater psychological distress than the general population. Stress is one of the factors known to cause variation in heart rate variability. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a proven reliable non invasive marker of cardiovascular health and has been used in cardiovascular risk stratification. Aim: To study the effect of stress on heart rate variability in medical students. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India, from December 2017 to February 2018. Total 58 healthy first-year MBBS medical students aged between 18-25 years with normal Body Mass Index (BMI) were included in the study. The Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ), a validated instrument to identify sources of stress in medical students was used to assess the level of stress. AD Instruments PowerLab (Data Acquisition System) was used to record the frequency and time domain analysis of HRV from the limb leads. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to assess the association between stress domains and HRV domains, using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Most of the medical students had mild to moderate degrees of stress in all the domains of the MSSQ. There was no statistically significant (p-value&gt;0.05) association found between domains of stress with the time and frequency domains of the HRV. Conclusion: Though it was found that medical students were exposed to significant stressors during their medical training, the stress was of mild to a moderate degree which had no significant effect on HRV.

CORRELATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST IN FIRST YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE.

BACKGROUND: Measurements of the ventilatory adaptations to physical activity provide useful information about the functional conserve capacity of the lungs in study participants with respiratory diseases. AIM: The present study aimed to study the correlation of physical activity and pulmonary function test in rst year MBBS medical students MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted in a medical college. A total of 80 participated students comprising of 40 males and 40 females in the age group of 18-21 years were divided into four groups based on their body mass index as underweight, normal, overweight and obese group. Respiratory parameters (VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1% and PEF) measured before and after acute physical activity in the bicycle ergometer. RESULTS: No signicant changes found in all the four groups before and after physical activity in males. The values of FVC &amp; VC after exercise reduced than the baseline values in overweight and obese females (p &lt; 0.01). CONCLUSION: Acute exercise not signicantly affect the respiratory parameters. The body fat distribution of the participated signicantly affect the ventilatory response to acute physical activity in otherwise healthy individuals

Effectiveness of peers and faculty feedback on students performance

Introduction: In medical education, an integral and important element of teaching is feedback, as it encourages and enhances the learners knowledge, skills and professional performance. Aims and Objective:-To know the effectiveness of feedback to students practical (clinical) skills, and students perception towards the feedback session. Materials and Methods: A interventional and comparative study was conducted in 50 first year MBBS medical students admitted during year 2015-16. 33 students received the feedback and 17 students out of 50 students were randomly selected for not receiving feedback. Results: There was high significant change in scores obtained with post feedback (P

Association of Depression with Academic Performance Among Final Year MBBS Students of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan

Depression is a typical mental illness among students, particularly medical students, because of their extremely competitive learning environment. Depression negatively affect the cognitive abilities and consequently the academic performance of students later on their performance as a physician. This study aims to evaluate the association of depression with academic performance among final-year MBBS student of Rawalpindi Medical University. This may make available new opportunity to bring enhancement in academic performance of students. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on final-year MBBS students of Rawalpindi Medical University in November 2019. Data was collected through Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised-10 (CESD-R-10) and self-structured questionnaire which was designed to get information regarding demographic details and marks in last professional examination. Students suffering from any diagnosed physical and mental illness were excluded. Out of 335 students initially selected for study, 307 returned duly filled questionnaires so final sample size was 307. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS v.25.0. Various statistical tests including Independent sample t-test, chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation, and linear regression were applied to evaluate the study variables. Statistically significant and strong negative association was observed between depression and academic performance of students (p = 0.000 for independent sample t-test). For association’s direction and strength between depression and academic performance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was -0.713 (p= 0.000). Difference in depression score between male and female students (p=0.015) and between boarders and non-boarders (p=0.000) was significant. Similarly, the difference of marks in last professional examination between boarders and non-boarders (p=0.000) was significant, however it was insignificant between male and female students (p=0.135). The simple linear regression model was valid with p-value of 0.000 for F test. Unstandardized regression Coefficient (B) was -10.74. R² was 0.51 (51%). Our study shows an overall high prevalence of depression among final year MBBS medical students, especially among boarders and female students. Significant and strong negative association between depression and academic performance is found, which means that increase in depression decreases the academic performance of students and vice versa. So, by applying suitable interventions for alleviation of depression we can improve academic performance of students.

Self-directed learning readiness among II and III MBBS students in a tertiary teaching hospital

Background: Self-directed learning (SDL) is defined as an instructional stratagem where the medical students, with guidance from the teacher, choose what and how they will learn. The current study is aimed at finding the readiness for SDL among medical students and its association with their socio demographic characteristics.Methods: An Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 II Bachelor of medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students and 100 III MBBS students of Theni Government Medical College. The readiness assessment of the students was found by using Fischer’s 40 items SDL readiness score (SDLRS) instruments. The instrument has 40 items under three domains self-management (9 items), desire for learning (16 items) and self-control (15 items).Results: Only 29% were aware of SDL. Around 55% showed high readiness for SDL (&gt;150). Females had higher readiness for self-directed learning than males (60.9% versus 39.1%) but the mean SDLR score was similar 152.5 versus 151.6. III MBBS medical students had higher score than II MBBS medical students (58.2% versus 48.8%, mean SDLR score 149.9 versus 154.2, p=0.011). Demonstrating higher readiness for SDL was not associated with area of residence, stay, presence of doctor in the family, type of schooling, medium of school education, age and gender.Conclusions: There is need of hour to address medical students’ SDL skills to update their competencies. SDL readiness scales help medical faculty to assess students’ learning capabilities and improve teaching learning strategies.

A Study on Spiritual Intelligence among MBBS Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Introduction: Spiritual intelligence is very important nowadays. This study was done to assess the spiritual intelligence among medical students. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted on 200 MBBS students in a Medical College and Hospital of Bhubaneswar to ascertain the levels of different dimensions of Spiritual Intelligence using Likert Scale. Result: The total mean score of male MBBS students was found to be 61.2 ± 2.12 and that of female MBBS students as 62.4 ± 3.96. This difference was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Overall females’ students have better spiritual intelligence than male students.

Prevalence of stress in MBBS medical students

Prevalence of stress in MBBS medical students