Mazovia Province Research Articles

Mental Health Protection and Health Policy Towards People with Mental Illnesses. the Case of Poland

The aim of the article is to present basic data on the health policy in Poland for the years 2016-2020 in the context of current standards and developmental goals for mental health promotion in the European Union countries. The article is also aimed at adumbrating standards and directions in mental health protection. It also sets out to present guidelines for helping people with mental illnesses that are based on the results of our research. This work presents selected results of a study which was carried out within the "Diagnosing the aid and social support system for people with mental illnesses in the Mazovia Province" research project. The project was co-financed from the resources of the Human Capital Operational Programme (as part of European Union's European Social Fund).

Class Habitus, Gender, and Age: Preliminaries to the Investigation of the Social Roles Held by “Seniors”

The aim of the article is to examine the relationship between social class, gender, and aging. The author discusses the outcomes of existing quantitative research and a number of in-depth interviews conducted by the author in 2012 in Warsaw and two other cities in the Mazovia Province. In the course of the article the practices of elderly people will be presented successively in terms of class, gender, and seniority. The theoretical binder is provided by Bourdieu’s practice theory, in particular the concept of three class relational social structure, notions of habitus, forms of capital, and symbolic violence. The number of interviews is too small to draw general conclusions from, but is an exercise in sociological thinking about these three qualities in Bourdieu’s terms.

Factors Affecting the Development of Catering Enterprises in Poland

In the European Union, including Poland, catering services are the largest industry in the hospitality sector. In today’s world, catering companies play an important role in meeting the changing nutritional needs of consumers. The industry of catering services generates the largest part of added value and the majority of jobs in the hospitality sector. The development of catering services is undoubtedly related to the social and economic changes taking place in recent years in our country. This phenomenon is related to both the rich and the poor, because the offer is diverse catering companies. The research hypothesis is that the development of catering enterprises is unequal across the regions of Poland, and various factors having different correlative interrelations affect it. The research aim is to investigate the factors affecting the development of catering enterprises in Poland. The geographic distribution of catering enterprises into the regions of Poland is uneven: the highest concentration of enterprises is in Mazovia Province. In the period of 2000-2013, the number of catering enterprises has increased in most provinces. In the coming years will continue to develop possibility of increasing the efficiency of the market participants, as evidenced by both macroeconomic and microeconomic indicators.

Prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes with its Chronic Complications in Warsaw and Mazovia Province of Poland

The prevalence of prediabetic state (impaired fasting glucose(IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)) and type 2 diabetes is still increasing and nowadays reaches the size of epidemic. Moreover, diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is often overtaken by the appearance of late diabetic complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in inhabitants of Warsaw and the province of Mazovia, situated in the centre of Poland, who were over 45 years of age and/or presented type 2 diabetes risk factors. The additional aim of the study was to estimate the presence of late complications in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. In order to National Programme for Diabetes Prevention and Education for year 2012, 1510 citizens of Warsaw and Mazovia province were examined. In each subject with newly diagnosed impaired fasting glucose (IFG) an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted. Each person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, afterwards was a subject of the set of examinations including: ECG, USG of lower extremities arteries, ophtalmoscopy, neurological consultation (verification of touch, pain, temperature and vibration sensation) and biochemical tests (HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglicerides, creatinine and urine albumin concentration). We diagnosed type 2 diabetes in 121 subjects and prediabetes in 337 individuals (8.01% and 22.3% of participants, respectively). In newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics macroangiopathy was present in 11.58% of patients, diabetic retinopathy in 10.74 %, whereas the largest percentage of patients (19%) presented diabetic neuropathy. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, chronic diabetic complications. Read more →

Attitudes towards conscientious objection among community pharmacists in Poland

Background The European Council Resolution 1763 (2010), “The right to conscientious objection in lawful medical care”, provoked a discussion among Polish pharmacists on the necessity for granting them the right to refuse to dispense medicinal products which invoke conscientious objection. Objective To explore attitudes of Polish pharmacists towards the conscience clause. Setting Pharmacies with public e-mail addresses in various parts of Poland (Lower Silesia Province, Mazovia Province, Kuyavia-Pomerania Province, and West Pomeranian Province). Method An online survey questionnaire addressed to 1,454 pharmacies. The participants were asked 8 questions, including a question addressed only to pharmacy managers and owners. Main outcome measure Attitudes towards the right to conscientious objection for pharmacists. Results Ultimately, responses of 126 pharmacists (83 women, 43 men, average age-39 years of age) were taken into consideration. Most participants (92 %) have never refused to fill a prescription due to their beliefs; however, 15 % of participants state that if the conscience clause were legally sanctioned, they would exercise this right. Most participants (73 %) think that pharmacists should not have the right to conscientious objection. Almost half of participants who support implementation of the conscience clause would grant this right to pharmacists on a conditional basis, if the pharmacists were obliged to present other real options to the patient about obtaining a specific product. Conclusion Pharmacists are rather reluctant to the idea of implementing the conscience clause, but despite a clear majority of its opponents, there seems to be a necessity for introducing such a regulation.

Modelling of the location of vehicle recycling facilities: A case study in Poland

The technical progress causes that increasing number of used devices presents a threat for environment, particularly in the rural areas. It can be prevented by organizing a proper system of waste disposal. Currently, the most important problem to solve is recycling of vehicles. The key element for the improvement of the functioning of the recycling network in Poland is to redesign the system so that it will allow for a reduction of the total cost related to the vehicle recycling. This paper presents a modelling approach that could be used to establish one important part of the reverse logistics (RL) network for end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) by defining the optimum locations for dismantling facilities. The proposed modelling approach is illustrated using Mazovia province in Poland as an example. The optimization criteria for the location of the elements of the recycling network are the components of the total cost of the ELV's recycling. Due to high complexity of the model a genetic algorithm has been adapted for solving the model and getting a good solution in a reasonable run time. The criteria of optimization was cost of the following processes: transportation, storage, and dismantling of ELVs. The results of simulation proved that the transportation costs of parts and materials may amount to about 70%, and that the cost of dismantling may exceed 25% of the total cost of recycling. The obtained results confirmed that genetic algorithm method can be used effectively to location the ELV's dismantling facilities. The effect of changing the location of processing facilities on the location of dismantling stations was also studied. The developed model is universal and may be used to determine the locations of different kinds of facilities organized in a reverse recycling network.

The vegetation of “Dzięcioły” earthwork (Siedlecka Plateau) / Szata roślinna grodziska „Dzięcioły” (Wysoczyzna Siedlecka)

The early-medieval earthwork “Dzięcioły”, of the area of 8 ha, is situated in the Sarnaki forest district (Mazovia Province). The whole object is overgrown by deciduous forest vegetation. Two well-preserved subassociations of oak-hornbeam forest – Tilio-Carpinetum typicum and T.-C. corydaletosum, protected by Nature 2000 Directive, were identified. The flora of the earthwork includes 184 vascular plant species, of which 5 are protected and 6 regionally threatened. Species characteristic of deciduous forests and forest edge communities (63.6%) dominate over meadow (16.3%) and aquatic and rush plants (13.6%). The share of synanthropic species is still very low (6.0%). Due to large archaeological and natural values, spatial protection of the earthwork as a nature reserve, was suggested.

Kryzys i reforma życia zakonnego XIV–XVI wieku i jego wpływ na dominikański klasztor łęczycki

Although to a lesser degree, the 14th century crisis of religious life also embraced Mendicant Orders, including the Order of Preachers. Dominican brothers were obliged to respect the principles written down in the rule of St Augustine as well as in the constitution of the order which regulated the life of the Order as well as defined the Order’s organizational structure. Friars however, sometimes gave in to temptation and broke the rules of their communities. The convents’ style of life with characteristic disregard for the notion of religious community in the order and omnipresent individualism in every field was in conflict with the spirit and content of the rules and constitution of the Dominican, and was referred to as conventualism. The call to initiate a thorough reform of the law in the Order was given by Master General Raymond of Capua. At his command in every Dominican province within one year one monastery with at least 12 brothers was required to introduce the rule of regular observance – the renewal of relations from the period of the formation of the Order and strict adherence (observare) to the Order’s rules. The basic condition of the observance was enclosure. Observant Convents were excluded from the authority of the Provincial and subjected to the power of vicars designated by the Master General. This led to the creation of separate congregations sometimes uniting reformed monasteries from different provinces and countries.In the Polish province the observant reform officially began on 30 July 1432 in the Wroclaw monastery of St. Adalbert. The success of the reform was confirmed by Chelmno Chapter in 1519 only in the orders in Glogow, Legnica, Krosno (part of Silesia province) as well as in part of Mazovia province, whereas the entire division of the province of Greater Poland together with the Łęczyca monastery was subjected to special care of Andrew from Parczew. The same chapter tells Vicar General of the province to re-visit the convents and reintroduce the reform. The negative effects of the collapse of observance by Łęczyca Friars Preachers were serious and they appeared immediately. The convent had never exceeded the number of 12 monks present at one time till the end of its existence in 1799.There were several reasons for the fall of observance in Poland: the reform was superficial in its character, both conventualists and observants were under the authority of the provinces, small convents were poverty stricken. According to J. Kłoczowski the initiators of the reform wrongfully restricted the reform to moral issues only, ignoring the structural aspect. It led to many monks behave passively towards the attempts to introduce observance.

Managers’ Orientation on Trust and Organizational Performance

The construct of managerial trust has become significant in research and practice, specially after the economic crisis. This article gives an overview of trust research, identifying foundations of trust in organizations. In doing so, the article also addresses important implications of theory development and empirical research. It deals with important issues of connection between managers’ orientation on trust and organizational performance. The empirical research was conducted in enterprises from Mazovia Province in Poland. According to the research, there is positive correlation between managers’ orientation on trust and organizational performance. The trust building in organization can enhance organizational performance. There is a need to set up effective rewards and distribution mechanisms, to avoid harmful suspicion and hostility among members of organization, and to improve the trust level—All these will lead to a great improvement in the competitiveness of an organization.

First Report of Tulip virus X on Tulip in Poland.

Tulip virus X (TVX) was first isolated from tulips in Scotland (3). TVX is now found in all tulip-growing areas throughout the Netherlands, and other countries including Japan and New Zealand (2). In Poland, tulips are grown for bulb production in an estimated area of 450 ha. Since tulips are very popular during the winter season, bulbs are imported for forcing from the Netherlands. In spring 2011, symptoms typical of TVX infection were observed in field-grown 'Strong Gold' tulips in two farms in Mazovia Province. Leaves showed chlorotic and white, elongated streaks and spots, which are typical symptoms of TVX infection. Symptomatic leaves of four tulip plants tested positive by using TVX polyclonal antiserum in a double-antibody sandwich-ELISA assay (Bulb Quality Support B.V., Lisse, The Netherlands), whereas two plants were also infected with Tulip breaking virus. Total RNA was extracted from leaves of the same four symptomatic tulips with a silica capture method (1) and the extracts were used in a reverse transcription-PCR. Primers for the detection of TVX as well as cycling conditions were as previously reported (4). Primer pairs TVX1F-TVX1R and TVX2F-TVX2R are specific for a 219-bp fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene and a 189-bp fragment of the triple gene block gene-1, respectively. Amplified PCR products of the expected sizes were purified and sequenced (Genomed S.A., Warsaw, Poland). Sequence analyses showed that both fragments had 99.5 to 100% sequence identities at the nucleotide level with Genbank Accession No. AB066288. Two of the 219-bp amplicon sequences, varied by one nucleotide resulting in an amino acid substitution, were deposited in GenBank under Accession Nos. JN411683 and JN411684. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TVX in tulip in Poland. The occurrence of this virus could be important for bulb and flower production, particularly in the case of further spread because the virus can cause severe symptoms that make flowers unmarketable.

Infrastructure Changes of the National Road No 7 in the Mazovia Province and Their Impact on Road Safety

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