In a preliminary report on yellow fever in the Yucatan peninsula the suggestion was offered that this disease may have played a major part in the destruction of the early Maya civilization. Dr. H. J. Spinden, eminent archeologist and authority on Maya ruins, has given considerable thought to the suggestion and in his article, “Yellow Fever, First and Last,” has developed an interesting story from the picture writings and the transcribed and translated records of the early Mexican peoples. His studies leave little doubt of the devastation caused by yellow fever in Maya communities and confirm the belief that this disease existed in Yucatan prior to the coming of the Spaniards.The last recorded case of yellow fever in the state of Yucatan is shown in statistics of the National Health Department as of December 20, 1920, and occurred at Tizimin, a small interior town about 100 miles from Merida.