Maximum Satisfaction Research Articles

A Framework for Radio Resource Allocation and SDMA Grouping in Massive MIMO Systems

This work proposes a framework for multiuser massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems which is composed of three parts – <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">clustering</i> , <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">grouping</i> , and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">scheduling</i> – and aims at maximizing the total system data rate considering Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. We firstly use a clustering algorithm to create clusters of spatially correlated Mobile Stations (MSs). Secondly, in the grouping part, we select a set of Space-Division Multiple Access (SDMA) groups from each cluster. These groups are used as candidate groups to receive Scheduling Unit (SU) in the scheduling part. In order to compose a group, we employ a metric that takes into account the trade-off between the spatial channel correlation and channel gain of MSs. In this context, it is proposed a suboptimal solution to avoid the high complexity required by the optimal solution. Thirdly and finally, we use the candidate SDMA groups from the grouping part to solve the data rate maximization problem considering QoS requirements. The scheduling part can be solved by our proposed optimal solution based on Branch and Bound (BB). However, since it has high computational complexity, we propose a suboptimal scheduling algorithm that presents a reduced complexity. In the simulation results, we evaluate the performance of both optimal and suboptimal solutions, as well as an adaptation of the Joint Satisfaction Maximization (JSM) scheduler to a massive MIMO scenario. Although the suboptimal solution presents a performance loss compared to the optimal one, it is more suitable for practical settings as it is able to obtain a good performance-complexity trade-off. Furthermore, we show that the choice of a suitable trade-off between the spatial channel correlation and channel gain improves the system performance. Finally, for a low number of available SDMA groups, the suboptimal solution presents near optimal outage and a throughput loss of only 10% in comparison to the high-complexity optimal solution while it outperforms the JSM solution in terms of outage and system throughput.

Optimization of Logistic Plans with Adopting the Green Technology Considerations by Utilizing Electric Vehicle Routing Problem

A new optimization model and solution approach for the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) is presented in this research, where the electric vehicles are used to deliver the products from manufacturing plant to multiple customers through a split delivery system which allows vehicles to partially recharged and return to a depot to get more loads if needed. The proposed model is a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model used to determine the optimal route achieving the desired objective function for each vehicle which ensures maximization of customer satisfaction by minimizing total amount deviations and minimization of total distribution time. CPLEX solver is used to solving the different sizes of data sets to test the performance of the model, while a new heuristic approach is constructed to solve the same data sets. Then the results of the heuristic are compared with those obtained by CPLEX. The results of the small size data sets show that the CPLEX and heuristic obtain a competitive solution in terms of both computation time and solution quality. For medium-size data sets, the proposed heuristic can find the same or better solution for some of them compared with the result produced by CPLEX.

The Antecedents of Job Satisfaction amongst Academicians: An Empirical Evidence from a Malaysian Private University

Job satisfaction has always been a prevalent area of interest around the globe. Generally, job satisfaction amongst academicians is inspired by several constructs which follow several theoretical assumptions. Many job satisfaction antecedents have been recommended based on the principles as stated by higher education institutions. This paper provides an extensive critical analysis whether the economic and environmental factors could influence the job satisfaction amongst academicians in a Malaysian private university. This antecedent is extensively investigated in literature and most of them are observed from the Western countries&amp;rsquo; viewpoints. Despite the comprehensiveness of the empirical research on job satisfaction in the West, previous research investigating on job satisfaction antecedents in the Malaysian higher education institutions particularly in private universities remain scarce. As a result, this study provides empirical evidence from a Malaysian perspective on job satisfaction antecedents. The study surveys a sample of 198 respondents (99.0% usable response rate) which were duly completed and returned to the study. The findings showed relationships were significant among the constructs developed in assessing job satisfaction. The dimension of human resources policies is the most contributing factor. It could be concluded that the economic and environmental factors significantly influence the job satisfaction amongst academicians with several imperative constructs. The management of universities in Malaysia need to identify best practices that could provide maximum job satisfaction benefits to the academicians. This paper will contribute towards literature of job satisfaction, whereby lead to enhancing higher education institution performance in Malaysia, especially for private universities.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ В ДЕМОКРАТИЧЕСКОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ

The main purpose of the article is to identify and substantiate the specifics of social policy in a democracy. It is shown that ideally a democratic society is the most favorable environment for the maximum satisfaction of the social needs of citizens. It has been revealed that the greatest difficulty for an effective social policy in a democratic society due to its non-market nature is the market principle itself, which is based on competition. It is proved that social policy in a democratic context is a guarantee of freedoms, rights, services, consideration of statuses, and protection of layers and groups of the population. It is proved that a number of types of social support and assistance to the population in the first decade of the post-Soviet development of Kyrgyzstan can only be realized by the state in the framework of political and social democracy.

The Relationship between Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Saudi Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The productivity of nurses and patient healthcare is highly influenced by nurses’ stress-related factors and job satisfaction. Nursing is the least preferred career opportunities for Saudi residents as compared to other options. Nurses’ perceptions of intention to quit contributes to their shortage in Saudi health care institutions.Purpose: The study aimed to examine the relationship between work-related stress and job satisfaction among Saudi nurses working at a public hospital.Methods: The research used a cross-sectional design that collected data from samples of 297 nurses working at a specified public hospital and aged over than 20 years old. Convenient sampling was employed to recruit the samples. Data were collected using the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) and Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was applied, and Pearson’s correlation test was to identify the relationship between variables.Results: The results indicated that the nurses at the hospital where the study took place experienced low levels of stress with a mean value of 2.1995. Besides, the nature of work indicated maximum job satisfaction with a mean value of 15.666, whereas minimum job satisfaction levels (11.569), were related to benefits provided to nurses. A positive correlation was found between the level of stress and satisfaction with a p-value of 0.041.Conclusion: The stress factors were highly correlated with job satisfaction. The identification of stress factors is important as it may create a negative impact on patients’ care and their well-being. It is suggested that changes in managerial affairs and policies are essential for implementing beneficial strategies that may assist in resolving the issue.

Personal finance management in modern conditions

The article is devoted to the practical aspects of personal finance management in the context of the transition to digital transformation of the economy. The need to pay attention to this aspect is due to both new opportunities for managing personal finances based on digitalization tools, and the risks of unauthorized access to them using cybernetic means. Summarizing the main sources of threats to personal finance in the context of digitalization is aimed at preventing fraudulent activities and ensuring the protection of financial information carriers. First of all, in a preventive manner, it is proposed to consider the basic problems of personal finance management from the position of accounting and planning of financial resources. The research results are aimed at increasing the financial literacy of the population, preventing encroachments and crimes in the field of personal finance, and, ultimately, at the maximum satisfaction of personal needs. Particular attention is paid to the rules of "personal financial hygiene", which imply organizational and technical measures to protect bank cards, mobile bank, deposits, cash, etc. You should also pay attention to the need to protect personal financial interests from the point of view of checking "financial contacts". An important role in the management of personal finances is played by knowledge of the norms of tax legislation in terms of deductions and benefits for taxes paid by individuals. In this regard, it is necessary to understand not only the legal aspects, but also the capabilities of the information system of relations between taxpayers and the state. It is also proposed to assess the risks of investments for individuals in the context of justifying the individual choice of an option when planning personal finances. All of these aspects are regarded as due diligence rules.

Keyhole to no hole hysterectomy - A retrospective analysis of NDVH and TLH in a teaching hospital

Keyhole to no hole hysterectomy - A retrospective analysis of NDVH and TLH in a teaching hospital - IJOGR- Print ISSN No: - 2394-2746 Online ISSN No:- 2394-2754 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/2394-2754.2018.0020, Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research-Indian J Obstet Gynecol Res

Marketing Implications of Nutrition Food Labels on Consumer’s Purchase Behaviour

The research paper is about the efforts taken by the marketers in the new century to market the products with the most attractive term “Nutrition food labels”. Nutritional labeling is the practice of providing nutritional information on the labels of food packages. Since nutrition label introduces the product to the distributor or target consumer by providing them with all the information regarding the product. The main aim of a marketer is to achieve maximum customer satisfaction, because once if a customer is satisfied it automatically increases customer loyalty and has a positive impact on the firm’s profitability position. Our research would help the other researchers to understand the factors that will lead to final purchase identifying the factors that will influence the consumer in making their final purchase decision. The variable matrix proposed with regard to nutritional label would help the researchers in figuring out the measures that would intensely gain the awareness of making use of food labels. Further it would help other researcher to conduct similar studies in different geographical locations across the globe. Other variables can be included along with the variables identified in our study; researchers can also come up with a new study considering this study as a base paper. It is important to assign weights to most discussed variable and then to finalize the variable matrix and hence the researchers have used Dedoose software to analyze the literature review and to find the most promising variable which can be used for the present study. Moreover, lifestyle has a major impact on the consumers brand preference by giving importance to nutritious content. The researchers have concluded that the nutritious labeling descriptions should be considered by the consumers, which will help them to maintain a balanced diet but are the consumers aware of the consequences of consuming the wrong product with false information. This mixed approach method has provided insights on quantitative and qualitative approach. The conceptual model in this research work is titled “The Dimensions of Purchase Behavior Associated with Nutrition Labeling” (DPBANL).

Improving the weight of Technical Attributes in Quality Function Deployment by the Integration of Techniques for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method

PurposeThis study aims to integrate the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method with quality function deployment (QFD) which helps to improve the weight of technical attributes by calculating the closeness of particular attributes with the best attributes and farthest from the worst technical attributes simultaneously.Design/methodology/approachFor the fulfilment of the aim of the study, detailed literature is reviewed and a suitable tool for score calculation has been selected. Further, the proposed methodology is applied in a literature-based case study, and a new weight is calculated and compared with the previous weight.FindingsThe finding of the study suggests that higher weightage is assigned to those technical attributes which is very close to the best technical attribute, and lower weightage is assigned to the technical attributes which are very close to worst technical attributes. Therefore, the weight calculated with the help of the proposed methodology will suggest to optimally invest the resources on technical attributes so that the maximum customer satisfaction is achieved.Practical implicationsThe proposed method will help in better score calculation of QFD. Therefore, the use of the proposed method will help in better product and service design for maximum customer satisfaction.Social implicationsProposed methodology aims to help managers, administrators, QFD practitioners and product/service designers to design a new product/service or mange the quality of existing product/services in an effective way.Originality/valueThis is the first kind of study, in which modification in score calculation has been proposed. This modification will help in the better assignment of resources for maximum customer satisfaction.

Strategies to achieve optimum visual quality for maximum occupant satisfaction: Field study findings in office buildings

For visual quality, the traditional focus on illuminance for paper-based tasks and brightness contrast for visual acuity is becoming less relevant in modern offices with backlit computer screens and sporadic use of paper. This research aims to investigate critical correlations between user satisfaction, workstation lighting conditions, and the physical attributes of the work area. The statistical analyses were conducted to identify applicable recommendations leading to improved visual quality in today's work environment while maintaining optimal user satisfaction.Findings from post-occupancy evaluation on 1,232 workstations in 64 office buildings revealed that satisfaction level would increase by 20% on average when the occupants have a view to the outside in their seated workstations. Upgrading the ceiling light fixture with an indirect lens type increases visual satisfaction. Workstations with an indirect lens type had higher satisfaction (62%), while a prismatic ceiling lens type showed the lowest user satisfaction (34%). The analysis further identified that a combination of indirect light fixtures with task lights increases user satisfaction by 21%. Lastly, utilizing window shading devices revealed greater satisfaction with glare management. The occupants with external and internal shading devices in their work areas showed the highest satisfaction with their overall lighting. In addition to the recommendations mentioned above, an illuminance level of 406 lux for the work surface achieves maximum satisfaction in contemporary office environments.

IDENTIFICATION OF SECTORAL LOGISTICS SERVICE QUALITY GAPS BY APPLYING SERVQUAL METHOD

Today, simply delivering a product to the right place at the right time is no longer enough. Customers demand more; they demand the full suite of logistics services. Customers thus seek higher-value and additional services, and more, which enable them to compete. Thus, the problem underlying analysis is customers’ growing dissatisfaction with existing services and their quality. Quality of service no longer gives business entities a competitive edge. It is vital for companies to have different activities, to operate in different branches of the economy, and to work with different types of goods. However, despite these differences, they all want to obtain maximum satisfaction from logistics services. With this in mind, the purpose of this article is to present a study examining the impact of logistics service quality on the satisfaction of companies working with different categories of goods Results indicated that different logistics service users do not have the same requirements for logistics service quality. Moreover, it was proved that SERVQUAL method is suitable for identification of sectoral value gaps, which can be applied in practice assuring competitive advantage.

Application of binary PSO for public cloud resources allocation system of video on demand (VoD) services

Video streaming, whether on demand or live, has become one of the most popular internet applications. However, financial investments required for it is a severe problem since it needs more real time storage, higher data transfer and a significant amount of computation than other kinds of multimedia data. To tackle this problem, cloud computing, offering services without investing in hardware or software, emerges as a preferred technology. However, there are a large number of cloud service providers and they offer different pricing strategies for various applications in various regions. Therefore, it is of great importance for them that incoming service requests are assigned to the appropriate cloud services at minimum cost and provide maximum user satisfaction [quality of service (QoS) attributes]. Due to the issues, such as multiple cloud providers, different QoS requirements, different service level agreements and uncertainties in demand, price and availability, the optimization of resource allocation present further challenges. The objective of our study is to optimize the cost and performance of video on demand applications using cloud content delivery networks, storage and transcoders based on the QoS requirements of users. To solve the NP-hard problem, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used due to the easiness in its concept and coding, less sensitive to the nature of the objective function, limited number of parameters and generating high quality solution within a short time. We propose a new method in which the optimum solution is affected not only by the best solution of the particle and global best solution but also by the best solution of the neighborhood particles in that iteration. This ternary approach is implemented into the well-known discrete and constrained PSO, achieving the minimum cost with user satisfaction for allocation of video requests to cloud resources. Although the proposed method yields better results in terms of accuracy, execution time of the algorithm is not reasonable. To overcome this inefficiency; ternary approach is embedded into multi-swarm PSO and it is parallelized and combined with greedy heuristic algorithms. The results of the comparison with the benchmarking algorithms show that our proposed method yields better results from the standpoint of both accuracy and execution time.

Sheep farmers and vets working together. Why? What? How?

‘Vets are not interested and don't care about sheep.’ ‘Sheep farmers are grumpy and don't need vets.’ ‘The cost of a sheep is not worth the price of a vet…’ Comments, that you may have heard, but are thoroughly out of date in the current sheep industry where keen sheep veterinary surgeons are valued as pivotal members of the flock team. This presentation explored the relationships between veterinary surgeons and sheep farmers. It identified how veterinary surgeons can optimise their value with an emphasis on good preventative medicine and how sheep flocks can improve their performance to deliver mutual benefits and maximum job satisfaction.

The general movement checklist: A guide to the assessment of general movements during preterm and term age

ObjectivesTo develop a checklist describing features of normal and abnormal general movements in order to guide General Movement Assessment novices through the assessment procedure, to provide a quantification of General Movement Assessment; and to demonstrate that normal and abnormal GMs can be distinguished on the basis of a metric checklist score. MethodsThree examiners used General Movement Assessment and the newly developed GM checklist to assess 20 videos of 16 infants (seven males) recorded at 31–45 weeks postmenstrual age (writhing general movements). Inter- and intra-scorer agreement was determined for General Movement Assessment (nominal data; Kappa values) and the checklist score (metric scale ranging from 0 to 26; Intraclass Correlation values). The scorers’ satisfaction with the usefulness of the checklist was assessed by means of a short questionnaire (score 10 for maximum satisfaction). ResultsThe scorers’ satisfaction ranged from 8.44 to 9.14, which indicates high satisfaction. The median checklist score of the nine videos showing normal general movements was significantly higher than that of the eleven videos showing abnormal general movements (26 vs. 11, p<0.001). The checklist score also differentiated between poor-repertoire (median=13) and cramped-synchronized general movements (median=7; p=0.002). Inter- and intra-scorer agreement on (i) normal vs. abnormal general movements was good to excellent (Kappa=0.68–1.00); (ii) the distinction between the four general movement categories was considerable to excellent (Kappa=0.56–0.93); (iii) the checklist was good to excellent (ICC=0.77–0.96). ConclusionThe general movement checklist proved an important tool for the evaluation of normal and abnormal general movements; its score may potentially document individual trajectories and the effect of therapeutic intervention.

Digitalization of user-oriented demand planning through Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Digitalization is accelerating and changing much in our lifestyles and ways of working. In the construction and building sector, this phenomenon is currently gaining acceptance through the Building Information Modeling (BIM) method. As an integral planning method for improving the quality of planning, construction and operating processes, BIM requires a starting point that is defined by demand planning. This paper focuses on recording demand planning digitally and generating it autonomously for basic planning. The aim is to provide planners with a BIM model that is generated early from user-oriented needs with in-depth information and enables considering sustainable and health planning aspects in the future. As a result, BIM and the open BIM data exchange format Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) are used to create a BIM-Model (3D Model) based on user needs, which are recorded by a web application. Thereby planners will be provided with a valuable starting and orientation basis that considers important user requirements. In doing so, maximum user satisfaction and quality will be achieved. Furthermore, communication and participation of users in the planning process will be promoted.

EQUITY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN RELATION TO PRODUCT QUALITY: AN EVIDENCE FROM THREE PRIVATE COMPANIES IN BURKINA FASO

Previous studies in the context of Burkina Faso have shown the link betweenequity and customer relationship management. The purpose of the present study is to show the relationship between equity and customer satisfaction in relation to product quality. Equity and ethical practices in marketing are essential to competition and to the sustainable development of companies particularly in the West African Context. This research focuses on the contributionsoffair business practices from business to customers in term of customer satisfaction in relation to product quality. Data collection is performed with a questionnaire addressed to customers of two Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) andone Very Small Enterprise (VSEs) in BurkinaFaso. The quantitative datais processed using two different softwareSPSS and Sphinx IQ. The results show that in the three private companies there is a strong relationship between equity and customer satisfaction in relation to quality.The recommendation is that equity and fair practices should be observed for a better management system of companies and for a maximum satisfaction of customers.

Employee Empowerment and Customer Service Delivery in Selected Small and Medium Size Restaurants in Nairobi City County, Kenya

In the global market today, competition between various providers of service is brutal and firms in the service industry continuously endeavor to create, manage and maintain healthy relationships with customers, to gain competitive advantage over the others. When services are inappropriately handled and coordinated, the outcome is wrong perception of service quality, client’s complaints, staff turnover, low sales and customer dissatisfaction. This study investigated the effect of employee empowerment on customer service delivery and the following specific objectives guided the study: to investigate the effect of training, leadership, employee involvement and incentives on customer service delivery. The study was guided by Resource based view theory, the SERVQUAL model and the Kanter’s theory of empowerment. Descriptive research design was adopted. This study targeted 50 full-service restaurants in Nairobi city. Six workers were then selected in the category of operational staff, supervisors and senior management. This formed a total population 740 respondents. The study adopted multistage sampling technique and obtained a sample of 216 respondents. The study used self- administered questionnaires as the major instrument for data collection. Pretesting the validity of the questionnaires a pilot study was done. Reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using the Cronbach alpha test, which provided an acceptable threshold of 0.7. Descriptive statistics (in form of means, percentages &amp; measures of dispersion) and analysis of inferential (multiple regressions) were applied to show the level of the association between the dependent and independent variables and the effect of the independent variables on dependent variables. The study findings were displayed in pie charts and frequency tables and a brief explanation provided for each. This study may be beneficial to employers in the hospitality industry who require an in depth knowledge on how to empower employees for better service delivery, entrepreneurs who may want to venture into restaurant business and academicians who may want to broaden their knowledge and understanding on employee empowerment. The study findings indicated a positive correlation R (coefficient of correlation) of 0.79 signifying that there was a strong relationship between employee empowerment and customer service delivery. The results indicated that there was a significant statistical relationship between the independent and the Customer service delivery, training R=0.082, leadership R= 0.054, employee involvement R=0.212 and incentives R=0.518. There was also a positive association between the dependent and independent variable of 0.792, the study therefore rejected the null hypotheses (H0) and accepted the alternate hypotheses (HA) ,that there is a significant relationship between Training, Leadership, Employee Involvement and Incentives as measures of Employee empowerment and Service delivery based on the correlational analysis and regression analysis results. The study concluded that it’s important for restaurants to consider training, leadership, providing attractive incentives and involving employees in decision making in order to create competitiveness in service delivery so as to achieve maximum customer satisfaction.

Optimal residence energy management with time and device-based preferences using an enhanced binary grey wolf optimization algorithm

In residential energy management (REM), time of use (TOU) of appliances scheduling based on user-defined preferences is an essential task performed by the home energy management controller. This paper devised a robust REM technique capable of monitoring and controlling residential loads within a smart home. The method is based on an improved binary grey wolf accretive satisfaction algorithm (GWASA), which is developed based on four hypotheses that allow time-varying preferences to be quantifiable in terms of time and device-dependent features. Based on household appliances TOU, the absolute satisfaction derived from the preferences of appliance and power ratings, the GWASA can produce optimum energy consumption pattern that will give the customer maximum satisfaction at the predefined user budget. A cost per unit satisfaction index is also established to relate daily consumer expenses with the achieved satisfaction. Simulation results on three peak budgets from $1.5/day to $2.5/day with a step size of $0.5 are carried out to analyze the efficacy of GWASA. Accordingly, the result of each of the scenario is compared with the result obtained from three other different algorithms, namely, BPSO, BGA, BGWO. The simulation results reveal that the proposed demand side residential management based on GWASA offers the least cost per unit satisfaction and maximum percentage satisfaction in each scenario.

Enabling Emergent Configurations in the Industrial Internet of Things for Oil and Gas Explorations: A Survey

Several heterogeneous, intelligent, and distributed devices can be connected to interact with one another over the Internet in what is termed internet of things (IoT). Also, the concept of IoT can be exploited in the industrial environment for enhancing the production of goods and services and for mitigating the risk of disaster occurrences. This application of IoT for enhancing industrial production is known as industrial IoT (IIoT). Emergent configuration (EC) is a technology that can be adopted to enhance the operation and collaboration of IoT connected devices in order to improve the efficiency of the connected IoT systems for maximum user satisfaction. To meet user goals, the connected devices are required to cooperate with one another in an adaptive, interoperable, and homogeneous manner. In this paper, a survey of the concept of IoT is presented in addition to a review of IIoT systems. The application of ubiquitous computing-aided software define networking (SDN)-based EC architecture is propounded for enhancing the throughput of oil and gas production in the maritime ecosystems by managing the exploration process especially in emergency situations that involve anthropogenic oil and gas spillages.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Perilaku Konsumtif Siswa Program Keahlian Akuntansi SMKN 1 Surabaya

Consumptive is an activity of purchasing and using products or services in excess to obtain maximum satisfaction. This study intends to conduct testing and analysis of the factors of consumer behavior in the form of lifestyle, peer groups, self-control, and financial literacy. The research conducted is an associative type and uses quantitative methods. The population studied was all students of class X - XI Accounting skills program SMK Negeri 1 Surabaya, with a total sample of 90 students. The sampling technique is simple random sampling and the data collection is done using a questionnaire and tests. Data analysis was performed through the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression test, and hypothesis testing. The results obtained are: (1) Partial influence of lifestyle, peer groups, self-control, and financial literacy on consumer behavior is found; (2) The partial influence of lifestyle on the consumptive behavior of students positively and significantly; (3) The partial influence of peer groups on consumptive behavior positively and significantly; (4) The influence of self-control on students' consumptive behavior negatively and significantly; (5) There is no partial effect of financial literacy on consumer behavior.