Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance Research Articles

Prediction of TNFRSF9 expression and molecular pathological features in thyroid cancer using machine learning to construct Pathomics models.

The TNFRSF9 molecule is pivotal in thyroid carcinoma (THCA) development. This study utilizes Pathomics techniques to predict TNFRSF9 expression in THCA tissue and explore its molecular mechanisms. Transcriptome data, pathology images, and clinical information from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. Image segmentation and feature extraction were performed using the OTSU's algorithm and pyradiomics package. The dataset was split for training and validation. Features were selected using maximum relevance minimum redundancy recursive feature elimination (mRMR_RFE) and modeling conducted with the gradient boosting machine (GBM) algorithm. Model evaluation included receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. The Pathomics model output a probabilistic pathomics score (PS) for gene expression prediction, with its prognostic value assessed in TNFRSF9 expression groups. Subsequent analysis involved gene set variation analysis (GSVA), immune gene expression, cell abundance, immunotherapy susceptibility, and gene mutation analysis. High TNFRSF9 expression correlated with worsened progression-free interval (PFI) and acted as an independent risk factor [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.178, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.045-4.538, P = 0.038]. Nine pathohistological features were identified. The GBM Pathomics model demonstrated good prediction efficacy [area under the curve (AUC) 0.819 and 0.769] and clinical benefits. High PS was a PFI risk factor (HR = 2.156, 95% CI 1.047-4.440, P = 0.037). Patients with high PS potentially exhibited enriched pathways, increased TIGIT gene expression, Tregs infiltration (P < 0.0001), and higher rates of gene mutations (BRAF, TTN, TG). The GBM Pathomics model constructed based on the pathohistological features of H&E-stained sections well predicted the expression level of TNFRSF9 molecules in THCA.

Interpretable multiphasic CT-based radiomic analysis for preoperatively differentiating benign and malignant solid renal tumors: a multicenter study.

To develop and compare machine learning models based on triphasic contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) for distinguishing between benign and malignant renal tumors. In total, 427 patients were enrolled from two medical centers: Center 1 (serving as the training set) and Center 2 (serving as the external validation set). First, 1781 radiomic features were individually extracted from corticomedullary phase (CP), nephrographic phase (NP), and excretory phase (EP) CECT images, after which 10 features were selected by the minimum redundancymaximum relevance method. Second, random forest (RF) models were constructed from single-phase features (CP, NP, and EP) as well as from the combination of features from all three phases (TP). Third, the RF models were assessed in the training and external validation sets. Finally, the internal prediction mechanisms of the models were explained by the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach. A total of 266 patients with renal tumors from Center 1 and 161 patients from Center 2 were included. In the training set, the AUCs of the RF models constructed from the CP, NP, EP, and TP features were 0.886, 0.912, 0.930, and 0.944, respectively. In the external validation set, the models achieved AUCs of 0.860, 0.821, 0.921, and 0.908, respectively. The "original_shape_Flatness" feature played the most important role in the prediction outcome for the RF model based on EP features according to the SHAP method. The four RF models efficiently differentiated benign from malignant solid renal tumors, with the EP feature-based RF model displaying the best performance.

Mid-to-long Term Wind Power Forecasting Based on ARIMA-BP Combined Model

Background: Increasing the accuracy of the output power forecasting for wind power is helpful to the improvement of the reliability of power dispatching. Objective: This study aimed to improve the forecasting accuracy of mid-to-long term wind power. Methods: A mid-to-long term wind power forecasting based on ARIMA-BP combined model was proposed. The Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was used to decompose the historical wind power series and obtain the Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) and residual components, thereby obtaining more regular components. Then, the optimum feature set was obtained based on the minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRAR) to improve the prediction accuracy for feature extraction. After that, the high-frequency components were predicted using the Back Propagation (BP) neural network model, while the low-frequency components were predicted using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA). Finally, the predicted components obtained were superimposed to deduce the final mid- and long-term wind power prediction results. Results: An analysis was conducted according to the actual data from a typical wind farm. After comparison, it was found that, after empirical mode decomposition and feature extraction analysis, the error of the intelligent combination algorithm based on the ARIMA-BP combined model was smaller than that using only the BP neural network or only the ARIMA. Conclusion: By means of actual data analysis, the effectiveness of the method proposed by the study for mid- and long-term wind power prediction was verified.

Energy optimization for wireless sensor network using minimum redundancy maximum relevance feature selection and classification techniques

In wireless sensor networks (WSN), conserving energy is usually a basic issue, and several approaches are applied to optimize energy consumption. In this article, we adopt feature selection approaches by using minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR) as a feature selection technique to minimize the number of sensors thereby conserving energy. MRMR ranks the sensors according to their significance. The selected features are then classified by different types of classifiers; SVM with linear kernel classifier, naïve Bayes classifier, and k-nearest neighbors classifier (KNN) to compare accuracy values. The simulation results illustrated an improvement in the lifetime extension factor of sensors and showed that the KNN classifier gives better results than the naïve Bayes and SVM classifier.

A data enhancement method based on generative adversarial network for small sample-size with soft sensor application

Soft sensor plays an important role in improving product quality; however, practical applications may often face with the problem of small sample size, which is challenging for developing data-driven models in terms of feature selection and good generalization. This paper proposes a data enhancement approach for small sample size data-driven problems based on generative adversarial networks integrated with maximum relevance minimum redundancy (MRMR). First, sample expansion is performed on the initial data by using a generative adversarial network. Second, irrelevant variables are eliminated by the MRMR and optimal features are obtained. Finally, neural networks-based soft sensor modeling is performed using the augmented dataset and the selected features. The proposed method is tested on a simulated penicillin case, an actual penicillin production case and an actual erythromycin production case. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art existing methods, which verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

Classification of high-dimensional imbalanced biomedical data based on spectral clustering SMOTE and marine predators algorithm

The research of biomedical data is crucial for disease diagnosis, health management, and medicine development. However, biomedical data are usually characterized by high dimensionality and class imbalance, which increase computational cost and affect the classification performance of minority class, making accurate classification difficult. In this paper, we propose a biomedical data classification method based on feature selection and data resampling. First, use the minimal-redundancy maximal-relevance (mRMR) method to select biomedical data features, reduce the feature dimension, reduce the computational cost, and improve the generalization ability; then, a new SMOTE oversampling method (Spectral-SMOTE) is proposed, which solves the noise sensitivity problem of SMOTE by an improved spectral clustering method; finally, the marine predators algorithm is improved using piecewise linear chaotic maps and random opposition-based learning strategy to improve the algorithm’s optimization seeking ability and convergence speed, and the key parameters of the spectral-SMOTE are optimized using the improved marine predators algorithm, which effectively improves the performance of the over-sampling approach. In this paper, five real biomedical datasets are selected to test and evaluate the proposed method using four classifiers, and three evaluation metrics are used to compare with seven data resampling methods. The experimental results show that the method effectively improves the classification performance of biomedical data. Statistical test results also show that the proposed PRMPA-Spectral-SMOTE method outperforms other data resampling methods.

Union is strength: the combination of radiomics features and 3D-deep learning in a sole model increases diagnostic accuracy in demented patients: a whole brain 18FDG PET-CT analysis.

FDG PET imaging plays a crucial role in the evaluation of demented patients by assessing regional cerebral glucose metabolism. In recent years, both radiomics and deep learning techniques have emerged as powerful tools for extracting valuable information from medical images. This article aims to provide a comparative analysis of radiomics features, 3D-deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) and the fusion of them, in the evaluation of 18F-FDG PET whole brain images in patients with dementia and normal controls. 18F-FDG brain PET and clinical score were collected in 85 patients with dementia and 125 healthy controls (HC). Patients were assigned to various form of dementia on the basis of clinical evaluation, follow-up and voxels comparison with HC using a two-sample Student's t-test, to determine the regions of brain involved. Radiomics analysis was performed on the whole brain after normalization to an optimized template. After selection using the minimum redundancy maximum relevance method and Pearson's correlation coefficients, the features obtained were added to a neural network model to find the accuracy in classifying HC and demented patients. Forty subjects not included in the training were used to test the models. The results of the three models (radiomics, 3D-CNN, combined model) were compared with each other. Four radiomics features were selected. The sensitivity was 100% for the three models, but the specificity was higher with radiomics and combined one (100% vs. 85%). Moreover, the classification scores were significantly higher using the combined model in both normal and demented subjects. The combination of radiomics features and 3D-CNN in a single model, applied to the whole brain 18FDG PET study, increases the accuracy in demented patients.

Computed tomography-based radiomics diagnostic approach for differential diagnosis between early- and late-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

One of the primary reasons for the dismal survival rates in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is that most patients are usually diagnosed at late stages. There is an urgent unmet clinical need to identify and develop diagnostic methods that could precisely detect PDAC at its earliest stages. To evaluate the potential value of radiomics analysis in the differentiation of early-stage PDAC from late-stage PDAC. A total of 71 patients with pathologically proved PDAC based on surgical resection who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) within 30 d prior to surgery were included in the study. Tumor staging was performed in accordance with the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. Radiomics features were extracted from the region of interest (ROI) for each patient using Analysis Kit software. The most important and predictive radiomics features were selected using Mann-Whitney U test, univariate logistic regression analysis, and minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR) method. Random forest (RF) method was used to construct the radiomics model, and 10-times leave group out cross-validation (LGOCV) method was used to validate the robustness and reproducibility of the model. A total of 792 radiomics features (396 from late arterial phase and 396 from portal venous phase) were extracted from the ROI for each patient using Analysis Kit software. Nine most important and predictive features were selected using Mann-Whitney U test, univariate logistic regression analysis, and MRMR method. RF method was used to construct the radiomics model with the nine most predictive radiomics features, which showed a high discriminative ability with 97.7% accuracy, 97.6% sensitivity, 97.8% specificity, 98.4% positive predictive value, and 96.8% negative predictive value. The radiomics model was proved to be robust and reproducible using 10-times LGOCV method with an average area under the curve of 0.75 by the average performance of the 10 newly built models. The radiomics model based on CT could serve as a promising non-invasive method in differential diagnosis between early and late stage PDAC.

Innovative approach towards early prediction of ovarian cancer: Machine learning- enabled XAI techniques

Globally, ovarian cancer affects women disproportionately, causing significant morbidity and mortality rates. The early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is necessary for enhancing patient health and survival rates. This research article explores the utilization of Machine Learning (ML) techniques alongside eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methodologies to aid in the early detection of ovarian cancer. ML techniques have recently gained popularity in developing predictive models to detect early-stage ovarian cancer. These predictions are made using XAI in a transparent and understandable way for healthcare professionals and patients. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various ovarian cancer prediction methodologies. This includes assessing K Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machines, Decision trees, and ensemble learning techniques such as Max Voting, Boosting, Bagging, and Stacking. A dataset of 349 patients with known ovarian cancer status was collected from Kaggle. The dataset included a comprehensive range of clinical features such as age, family history, tumor markers, and imaging characteristics. Preprocessing techniques were applied to enhance input data, including feature scaling and dimensionality reduction. A Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) algorithm was used to select the features in the model. Our experimental results demonstrate that in Support Vector Machines, we found 85 % base model accuracy and 89 % accuracy after stacking several ensemble learning techniques. With the help of XAI, complex ML algorithms can be given more profound insights into their decision-making, improving their applicability. This paper aims to introduce the best practices for integrating ML and artificial intelligence in biomarker evaluation. Building and evaluating Shapley values-based classifiers and visualizing results were the focus of our investigation. The study contributes to the field of oncology and women's health by offering a promising approach to the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Impacts of Feature Selection on Predicting Machine Failures by Machine Learning Algorithms

In the context of Industry 4.0, managing large amounts of data is essential to ensure informed decision-making in intelligent production environments. It enables, for example, predictive maintenance, which is essential for anticipating and identifying causes of failures in machines and equipment, optimizing processes, and promoting proactive management of human, financial, and material resources. However, generating accurate information for decision-making requires adopting suitable data preprocessing and analysis techniques. This study explores the identification of machine failures based on synthetic industrial data. Initially, we applied the feature selection techniques Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR), Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA), and Denoising Autoencoder (DAE) to the collected data and compared their results. In the sequence, a comparison among three widely known machine learning classifiers, namely Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multilayer Perceptron neural network (MLP), was conducted, with and without considering feature selection. The results showed that PCA and RF were superior to the other techniques, allowing the classification of failures with rates of 0.98, 0.97, and 0.98 for the accuracy, precision, and recall metrics, respectively. Thus, this work contributes by solving an industrial problem and detailing techniques to identify the most relevant variables and machine learning algorithms for predicting machine failures that negatively impact production planning. The findings provided by this study can assist industries in giving preference to employing sensors and collecting data that can contribute more effectively to machine failure predictions.

Preoperative ultrasound radiomics for predicting clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreatectomy.

To evaluate the efficacy of the radiomics model based on preoperative B-mode ultrasound (BMUS) and shear wave elastography (SWE) for predicting the occurrence of clinically relevant-postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF). Patients who were scheduled to undergo pancreatectomy were prospectively enrolled and received ultrasound assessment within one week before surgery. The risk factors of POPF (grades B and grades C) were analyzed. Preoperative BMUS images, SWE values of pancreatic lesions and surrounding parenchyma were used to build preoperative prediction radiomics models. Radiomic signatures were extracted and constructed using a minimal Redundancy Maximal Relevance (mRMR) algorithm and an L1 penalized logistic regression. A combined model was built using multivariate regression which incorporated radiomics signatures and clinical data. From January 2020 to November 2021, a total of 147 patients (85 distal pancreatectomies and 62 pancreaticoduodenectomies) were enrolled. During the three-week follow-up after pancreatectomy, the incidence rates of grade B/C POPF were 28.6% (42/147). Radiomic signatures constructed from BMUS of pancreas parenchymal regions (panRS) achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.75, accuracy of 68.7%, sensitivity of 85.7 %, and specificity of 61.9 % in preoperative noninvasive prediction of CR-POPF. The AUC of the radiomics model increased to 0.81 when panRS was used for the prediction of CR-POPF after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Radiomics model based on ultrasound images was potentially useful for predicting CR-POPF. Patients with high-risk factors should be closely monitored when postoperation.

Fed-mRMR: A lossless federated feature selection method

Feature selection has become a mandatory task in data mining, due to the overwhelming amount of features in Big Data problems. To handle this high-dimensional data and avoid the well-known curse of dimensionality, we need to pre-select an optimal subset of features to reduce redundant computations. Federated learning is a machine learning technique based on training an algorithm over many decentralized edge devices holding local rather than global data on a centralized server. Application of this technique is extending to fields such as self-driving cars, medicine and health, and Industry 4.0, where data privacy is compulsory. Feature selection through federated learning is a complicated task since suboptimal features calculated by feature selection methods may be different in heterogeneous datasets from different nodes. In this paper, we propose a lossless federated version of the classic minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) feature selection algorithm, called federated mRMR (fed-mRMR), which, without losing any effectiveness of the original mRMR method, is applicable to federated learning approaches and capable of dealing with data that are not independent and identically distributed (non-IID data).Implementation can be found at: https://github.com/jorgehermo9/fed-mrmr

Predictive modeling for breast cancer based on machine learning algorithms and features selection methods

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. However, early prediction of breast cancer plays a crucial role. Therefore, strong needs exist for automatic accurate early prediction of breast cancer. In this paper, machine learning (ML) classifiers combined with features selection methods are used to build an intelligent tool for breast cancer prediction. The Wisconsin diagnostic breast cancer (WDBC) dataset is used to train and test the model. Classification algorithms, including support vector machine (SVM), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and naïve Bayes, were employed. Performance measures for each of them were obtained, namely: accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, Kappa, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and time. The results indicate that without feature selection, LightGBM achieves the highest accuracy at 95%. With minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) feature selection (15 features), LightGBM outperforms other classifiers, achieving an accuracy of 98%. For Pearson correlation coefficient feature selection (15 features), LightGBM also excels with a 95% accuracy rate. Lasso feature selection (5 features) produces varied results across classifiers, with logistic regression achieving the highest accuracy at 96%. These findings underscore the importance of feature selection in refining model performance and in improving detection for breast cancer.

ECG Feature Importance Rankings: Cardiologists vs. Algorithms.

Feature importance methods promise to provide a ranking of features according to importance for a given classification task. A wide range of methods exist but their rankings often disagree and they are inherently difficult to evaluate due to a lack of ground truth beyond synthetic datasets. In this work, we put feature importance methods to the test on real-world data in the domain of cardiology, where we try to distinguish three specific pathologies from healthy subjects based on ECG features comparing to features used in cardiologists' decision rules as ground truth. We found that the SHAP and LIME methods and Chi-squared test all worked well together with the native Random forest and Logistic regression feature rankings. Some methods gave inconsistent results, which included the Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy and Neighbourhood Component Analysis methods. The permutation-based methods generally performed quite poorly. A surprising result was found in the case of left bundle branch block, where T-wave morphology features were consistently identified as being important for diagnosis, but are not used by clinicians.

Thelxinoë: Recognizing Human Emotions Using Pupillometry and Machine Learning

In this study, we present a method for emotion recognition in Virtual Reality (VR) using pupillometry. We analyze pupil diameter responses to both visual and auditory stimuli via a VR headset and focus on extracting key features in the time-domain, frequency-domain, and time-frequency domain from VR-generated data. Our approach utilizes feature selection to identify the most impactful features using Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy (mRMR). By applying a Gradient Boosting model, an ensemble learning technique using stacked decision trees, we achieve an accuracy of 98.8% with feature engineering, compared to 84.9% without it. This research contributes significantly to the Thelxinoë framework, aiming to enhance VR experiences by integrating multiple sensor data for realistic and emotionally resonant touch interactions. Our findings open new avenues for developing more immersive and interactive VR environments, paving the way for future advancements in virtual touch technology.

Synergizing the interaction of single nucleotide polymorphisms with dosiomics features to build a dual-omics model for the prediction of radiation pneumonitis

ObjectiveRadiation pneumonitis (RP) is the major dose-limiting toxicity of thoracic radiotherapy. This study aimed to developed a dual-omics (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP and dosiomics) prediction model for symptomatic RP. Materials and methodsThe potential SNPs, which are of significant difference between the RP grade ≥ 3 group and the RP grade ≤ 1 group, were selected from the whole exome sequencing SNPs using the Fisher’s exact test. Patients with lung cancer who received thoracic radiotherapy at our institution from 2009 to 2016 were enrolled for SNP selection and model construction. The factorization machine (FM) method was used to model the SNP epistasis effect, and to construct the RP prediction model (SNP-FM). The dosiomics features were extracted, and further selected using the minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) method. The selected dosiomics features were added to the SNP-FM model to construct the dual-omics model. ResultsFor SNP screening, peripheral blood samples of 28 patients with RP grade ≥ 3 and the matched 28 patients with RP grade ≤ 1 were sequenced. 81 SNPs were of significant difference (P < 0.015) and considered as potential SNPs. In addition, 21 radiation toxicity related SNPs were also included. For model construction, 400 eligible patients (including 108 RP grade ≥ 2) were enrolled. Single SNP showed no strong correlation with RP. On the other hand, the SNP-SNP interaction (epistasis effect) of 19 SNPs were modeled by the FM method, and achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 in the testing group. In addition, 4 dosiomics features were selected and added to the model, and increased the AUC to 0.81. ConclusionsA novel dual-omics model by synergizing the SNP epistasis effect with dosiomics features was developed. The enhanced the RP prediction suggested its promising clinical utility in identifying the patients with severe RP during thoracic radiotherapy.

Peritumoral MRI Radiomics Features Increase the Evaluation Efficiency for Response to Chemotherapy in Patients With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

It remains unclear whether extracting peritumoral volume (PTV) radiomics features are useful tools for evaluating response to chemotherapy of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). To evaluate MRI radiomics signatures (RS) capturing subtle changes of PTV and their added evaluation performance to whole tumor volume (WTV) for response to chemotherapy in patients with EOC. Retrospective. 219 patients aged from 15 to 79 years were enrolled. 3.0 or 1.5T, axial fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging (FS-T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and contrast enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI). MRI features were extracted from the four axial sequences and six different volumes of interest (VOIs) (WTV and WTV + PTV (WPTV)) with different peritumor sizes (PS) ranging from 1 to 5 mm. Those features underwent preprocessing, and the most informative features were selected using minimum redundancy maximum relevance and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to construct the RS. The optimal RS, with the highest area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic was then integrated with independent clinical characteristics through multivariable logistic regression to construct the radiomics-clinical model (RCM). Mann-Whitney U test, chi-squared test, DeLong test, log-rank test. P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference. All the RSs constructed on WPTV exhibited higher AUCs (0.720-0.756) than WTV (0.671). Of which, RS with PS = 2 mm displayed a significantly better performance (AUC = 0.756). International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage was identified as the exclusive independent clinical evaluation characteristic, and the RCM demonstrated higher AUC (0.790) than the RS, but without statistical significance (P = 0.261). The radiomics features extracted from PTV could increase the efficiency of WTV radiomics for evaluating the chemotherapy response of EOC. The cut-off of 2 mm PTV was a reasonable value to obtain effective evaluation efficiency. 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Sentiment analysis of Arabic social media texts: A machine learning approach to deciphering customer perceptions

Sentiment analysis (SA) is a subfield of artificial intelligence that entails natural language processing. This has become increasingly significant because it discerns the emotional tone of reviews, categorising them as positive, neutral, or negative. In the highly competitive coffee industry, understanding customer sentiment and perception is paramount for businesses seeking to optimise their product offerings. Traditional methods of market analysis often fall short of capturing the nuanced views of consumers, necessitating a more sophisticated approach to sentiment analysis. This research is motivated by the need for a nuanced understanding of customer sentiments across various coffee products, enabling companies to make informed decisions regarding product promotion, improvement, and discontinuation. However, sentiment analysis faces a challenge when it comes to analysing Arabic text due to the language's extraordinarily complex inflectional and derivational morphology. Consequently, to address this challenge, we have developed a new method designed to improve the precision and effectiveness of Arabic sentiment analysis, specifically focusing on understanding customer opinions about various coffee products on social media platforms like Twitter. We gathered 10,646 various coffee products' Twitter reviews and applied feature extraction techniques using the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR). Subsequently, we performed sentiment analysis using four supervised learning algorithms: k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, decision tree, and random forest. All the classification statements derived in the analysis were aggregated via ensemble learning to convey the final results. Our results demonstrated an increase in prediction accuracy, with our method achieving over 95.95% accuracy in the Hard voting and soft voting at 94.51 %.

A CT-based radiomics nomogram involving the cystic fluid area for differentiating appendiceal mucinous neoplasms from appendicitis with intraluminal fluid

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a radiomics nomogram based on computed tomography (CT) to distinguish appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) from appendicitis with intraluminal fluid (AWIF).MethodA total of 211 patients from two medical institutions were retrospectively analysed, of which 109 were pathologically confirmed as having appendicitis with concomitant CT signs of intraluminal fluid and 102 as having AMN. All patients were randomly assigned to a training (147 patients) or validation cohort (64 patients) at a 7:3 ratio. Radiomics features of the cystic fluid area of the appendiceal lesions were extracted from nonenhanced CT images using 3D Slicer software. Minimum redundancy maximum relevance and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression methods were employed to screen the radiomics features and develop a radiomics model. Combined radiomics nomogram and clinical-CT models were further developed based on the corresponding features selected after multivariate analysis. Lastly, receiver operating characteristic curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the models’ performances in the training and validation cohorts.ResultsA total of 851 radiomics features were acquired from the nonenhanced CT images. Subsequently, a radiomics model consisting of eight selected features was developed. The combined radiomics nomogram model comprised rad-score, age, and mural calcification, while the clinical-CT model contained age and mural calcification. The combined model achieved area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.945 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.895, 0.976) and 0.933 (95% CI: 0.841, 0.980) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, which were larger than those obtained by the radiomics (training cohort: AUC, 0.915 [95% CI: 0.865, 0.964]; validation cohort: AUC, 0.912 [95% CI: 0.843, 0.981]) and clinical-CT models (training cohort: AUC, 0.884 [95% CI: 0.820, 0.931]; validation cohort: AUC, 0.767 [95% CI: 0.644, 0.863]). Finally, DCA showed that the clinical utility of the combined model was superior to that of the clinical CT and radiomics models.ConclusionOur combined radiomics nomogram model constituting radiomics, clinical, and CT features exhibited good performance for differentiating AMN from AWIF, indicating its potential application in clinical decision-making.

CT-based radiomics for differentiating peripherally located pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma from carcinoid.

Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) and pulmonary carcinoid (PC) are difficult to distinguish based on conventional imaging examinations. In recent years, radiomics has been used to discriminate benign from malignant pulmonary lesions. However, the value of radiomics based on computed tomography (CT) images to differentiate PSP from PC has not been well explored. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of radiomics in the differentiation between PSP and PC. Fifty-three PSP and fifty-five PC were retrospectively enrolled and then were randomly divided into the training and test sets. Univariate and multivariable logistic analyses were carried to select clinical predictor related to differential diagnosis of PSP and PC. A total of 1316 radiomics features were extracted from the unenhanced CT (UECT) and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) images, respectively. The minimum redundancy maximum relevance and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to select the most significant radiomics features to construct radiomics models. The clinical predictor and radiomics features were integrated to develop combined models. Two senior radiologists independently categorized each patient into PSP or PC group based on traditional CT method. The performances of clinical, radiomics, and combined models in differentiating PSP from PC were investigated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The diagnostic performance was also compared between the combined models and radiologists. In regard to differentiating PSP from PC, the area under the curves (AUCs) of the clinical, radiomics, and combined models were 0.87, 0.96, and 0.99 in the training set UECT, and were 0.87, 0.97, and 0.98 in the training set CECT, respectively. The AUCs of the clinical, radiomics, and combined models were 0.84, 0.92, and 0.97 in the test set UECT, and were 0.84, 0.93, and 0.98 in the test set CECT, respectively. In regard to the differentiation between PSP and PC, the combined model was comparable to the radiomics model, but outperformed the clinical model and the two radiologists, whether in the test set UECT or CECT. Radiomics approaches show promise in distinguishing between PSP and PC. Moreover, the integration of clinical predictor (gender) has the potential to enhance the diagnostic performance even further.