Maximum Purity Research Articles

Interfacing inorganic halide perovskites with metal-organic frameworks: Color tunable emission, energy transfer, and advanced anti-counterfeiting application

This work presents an inorganic halide perovskite (CsPbBr3) is interfaced with a europium metal-organic framework (Eu-MOF). The presence of characteristic absorption edge and band edge emission of CsPbBr3 reveal a successful formation of CsPbBr3@Eu-MOF hybrid. The bi-flower morphology of Eu-MOF has tetragonal structure with space group P4322. The conical part of the bi-flower consists of many squared rods of edge length 200 nm. The CsPbBr3@Eu-MOF shows color-tunable emission under different excitation wavelengths whose CIE color coordinate covers the entire green to red region. The maximum luminous efficacy of the optical radiation achieved is 359 lm/W, and the maximum color purity is 94.4 %, which is significant for optical applications. Further for anti-counterfeiting application, a pattern “LMDD” is encrypted on four different substrates and the color change is captured under different excitation wavelengths. The results show that CsPbBr3@Eu-MOF is highly suitable for encryption and decryption of security codes particularly on plastic surface.

Methyl ester production process from palm fatty acid distillate using hydrodynamic cavitation reactors in series with solid acid catalyst

This study aims to optimize the reduction of free fatty acids (FFAs) in palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (HCRs) in series and a solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production. Hydrodynamic cavitation is used to accelerate the esterification of FFAs using a heterogeneous acid catalyst. There are three HCRs units, and each HCR composed of a 3D-printed rotor and stator, is separated by flanges and equipped with a basket for holding Amberlyst-15 catalyst. Through response surface methodology (RSM), the esterification process is optimized by adjusting its optimal parameters, namely, methanol (2–12 wt%), circulation time (30–170 min), and rotor speed (1000–3000 rpm). The optimal conditions for achieving a maximum methyl ester purity of 89.76 wt% in converting FFA in first-step esterified oil are 9 wt% methanol (molar ratio of methanol to oil of 4:1), 133 min of circulation time, and 2000 rpm of rotor speed. An 82.48 wt% biodiesel yield is achieved from the HCRs in series under the optimal conditions. Scanning electron microscope images reveal that after the esterification process, there are minor cracks and defects on the catalyst’s resin surface, indicating the presence of residual reactants. Further examination of the catalyst after the esterification process, reveals an average absorption pore diameter of 341.41 Å and BET surface area of approximately 41.68 m2/g. Although there were slight physical changes in the catalyst, HCRs technology offers a viable FFA reduction process that could enhance biodiesel production efficiency. Moreover, the optimized conditions achieved in this study contribute to the advancement of biodiesel production processes and provide insights into the performance of the catalyst used.

ОБ УТОЧНЕНИИ ПОДСЛЕДСТВЕННОСТИ ПО УГОЛОВНЫМ ДЕЛАМ ЗА УНИЧТОЖЕНИЕ ИЛИ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЕ ИМУЩЕСТВА ПО НЕОСТОРОЖНОСТИ

The article considers the actual problems of forming a correct legal conceptual and categorical apparatus used in Russian legislation regulating responsibility for activities that create increased danger to others. The methodological basis of the analysis carried out by the authors is the dialectic of legislative and law enforcement activities in their contradictory unity and the desire to achieve maximum meaningful purity of legal categories introduced into circulation, using the example of article 168 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. The authors propose specific formulations of the criminal law norm prescribed in article 168 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation and their justification, which makes it possible to clarify the jurisdiction attributed to the competence of the investigators of the state fire supervision of the federal fire service of the State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia in criminal cases for the destruction or damage of property by negligence.

Response surface optimization of protein extraction from cold-pressed terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) oil byproducts: Physicochemical and functional characteristics.

The current study focused on optimizing the extraction parameters of terebinth seed proteins from cold-pressed terebinth oil byproducts to maximize protein purity and protein yield. The isolated proteins were characterized to evaluate their properties; thus revealing the valorization potential of these byproducts. Response surface methodology was used to detect the effect of three extraction parameters (pH, temperature, and time). The protein isolates were studied for their physicochemical and functional characteristics. The results indicated that an extraction pH of 8, a temperature of 50°C, and an extraction period of 60min are optimum conditions for obtaining protein isolates with the highest purity. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that an extraction pH of 12, a temperature of 46.4°C, and an extraction duration of 102.4min were optimum conditions for the maximum protein yield. The proteins produced under these two sets of conditions, referred to as TRP (terebinth protein with maximum purity)and TRY (terebinth protein with maximum yield), respectively, exhibited comparable oil absorption capacity (OAC), foaming, emulsifying capabilities, and stability. Both proteins showed the highest solubility at pH 11, and their zeta potentials approached zero at pH 4, indicating proximity to their isoelectric points. However, FRAP and DPPH assays showed that TRP and TRY offered low antioxidative capacity. The high β-sheet content in TRP and TRY suggests enhanced thermal stability but reduced digestibility of these proteins. Therefore, in addition to protein enrichment, TRP and TRY protein isolates can be utilized in muffins and other food applications thanks to their favorable oil absorption, foaming and emulsifying capacities, and thermal stabilities.

High temperature photoluminescence dependence and energy migration of Tb3+-Incorporated K3Y(BO2)6 phosphors

This study investigates the structural and photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of Tb3+-incorporated K3Y(BO2)6 (KYBO) phosphors synthesized via a microwave-assisted sol-gel technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of a pure hexagonal phase, with lattice expansion due to Tb³⁺ doping. PL studies revealed strong green emissions centered at 541 nm, attributed to the ⁵D₄ → ⁷F₅ transitions of Tb³⁺ ions, with the highest intensity observed at 5 wt% Tb³⁺. A decrease in emission was observed at higher concentrations due to concentration quenching. Temperature-dependent PL measurements revealed reverse thermal quenching enhancing PL intensity. Chromaticity analysis based on CIE 1931 coordinates showed stable green emission across all concentrations, with a maximum color purity of 89.74% observed for the KYBO:3 wt% Tb³⁺ sample. The results, along with reverse thermal quenching behavior observed between 470K and 550K, suggest that these phosphors exhibit excellent potential for lighting and display technologies.

Efficiency Evaluation of DNA Isolation Techniques in Fins of Channa marulius Using PCR Amplification and NanoDrop

Highly pure and good-quality extracted DNA is vital for PCR amplification, gene sequencing, and species identification. Seven genomic DNA isolation techniques were used to isolate the DNA from the fins of Channa marulius. The concentration and purity of isolated DNA were assessed with PCR amplification of the mitochondrial COI gene and NanoDrop. The phenol-chloroform method was found significantly (P<0.05) higher in concentration (1001 ng.ul-1) as compared to all other six evaluated DNA isolation methods. In terms of purity of isolated DNA GeneJET, the Genomic DNA Purification Kit was found significantly (P<0.05) higher among all analyzed methods. Both the Phenol chloroform method and GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit were successfully used in PCR amplification. Concluding that the Phenol chloroform method and GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit may be successfully used in PCR amplification. The phenol-chloroform method and GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit proved the best in the extraction of DNA in high concentration with maximum yield and purity from fins of C. marulius and can be helpful to isolate DNA from fish species because a small quantity of fin tissues is required for DNA isolation without harm to fish. Moreover, data reported from this study about DNA isolation techniques may be used for molecular approaches like PCR amplification and gene sequencing of fishes.

Normal-hexane treatment on PET-based waste fiber depolymerization process

Abstract The global increase in polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based waste fiber poses a persistent environmental risk. While efforts have been made to repurpose waste fibers into bags, clothing, and building materials, the depolymerization process to extract pure raw materials for recycling remains underdeveloped. This study investigates the impact of normal hexane treatment on the purity of terephthalic acid (TPA) recovered from wastewater containing sodium terephthalate, ethylene glycol, and impurities generated during polyester fabric weight reduction or waste fiber recycling processes. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the recovered TPA (rTPA) revealed a maximum purity of 99.81%, suggesting the effective removal of diverse contaminants such as adhesives and surfactants present in waste fibers through normal hexane and activated carbon treatments. This research contributes to the development of efficient and sustainable PET waste fiber recycling processes, highlighting the potential of normal hexane treatment in enhancing the purity of rTPA.

Study on the extraction of neodymium metal by calciothermic reduction process

The study on the technology of producing neodymium metal using the calciothermic reduction process is reported in this article. The process primarily involves the conversion of neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) into neodymium fluoride (NdF3) followed by the reduction of neodymium fluoride to neodymium metal using calcium as reductant. Fluorinating conditions were standardised to obtain the desired product (NdF3) free of any unwanted impurities. The calciothermic reduction of the resulting neodymium fluoride was studied in detail to establish the reduction conditions to achieve maximum yield and purity of the neodymium metal. This process obtained the neodymium metal with a purity of 99.6% before refining step.

On the Maximum Obtainable Purity and Resultant Maximum Useful Membrane Selectivity of a Membrane Separator.

Design considerations concerning the maximum purity of a membrane separator, and the resultant maximum effective selectivity of the membranes were explored by modeling a binary gas membrane separator (pressure-driven permeance) using a dimensionless form. Although the maximum purity has an analytical solution at the limit of zero recovery or stage cut, this solution over-predicts the obtained purity as the recovery is increased. Furthermore, at combinations of high recovery, low feed mole fraction, and low pressure ratio, the maximum purity becomes independent of selectivity above some critical selectivity. As a consequence of this purity limitation, a maximum selectivity is defined at which further increases in selectivity will result in less than a 1% change in the final purity. An equation is obtained that specifies the region in which a limiting purity is less than unity (indicating the existence of a limiting selectivity); operating at less than the limiting pressure ratio results in a purity limitation less than unity. This regime becomes larger and more significant as the inlet mole fraction decreases (e.g., inlet feed mole fraction of 10% and pressure ratio of 100 results in a maximum useful membrane selectivity of only 130 at 95% recovery). These results suggest that membrane research should focus on increasing permeance rather than selectivity for low-concentration separations. The results found herein can be used to set benchmarks for membrane development in various gas separation applications.

Enhanced methanol production from recycled methanotrophic biomass and its effect on the emission and performance characteristics of a four-stroke compression ignition engine

Methanol production was demonstrated through recycling of Methylosinus trichosporium biomass to curtail time and resources incurred towards recurrent biomass generation. Cumulative methanol titer of 3.6 g/L was achieved after three cycles of biomass reutilization. Methanol was recovered from cultivation medium using distillation attaining a maximum purity of 94.74 %. Different blends of methanol (0–20 % v/v) with diesel were evaluated for their suitability as alternate transportation fuel. Physicochemical properties of diesel-methanol blends either improved or exhibited equivalence relative to pure diesel, as control. The blends were investigated for their effect on emission and performance characteristics of four-stroke compression ignition engine under varying engine loads (25, 50, 75 and 100 %). Brake specific emissions of CO, hydrocarbon and H2S decreased with increasing methanol content in the blend, attaining maximum decrements of 38.8–46.5 %, 39.8–60.7 % and 85.4–87.8 %, respectively, with 20 % methanol-containing blend (M20) under varying engine loads. On the other hand, brake specific NOx emission increased by 27.7–34.8 % under the same conditions. Superior performance parameters e.g., brake specific fuel consumption (0.29 kg kW−1h−1), brake specific energy consumption (12.9 MJ kW−1h−1) and brake thermal efficiency (28 %), were achieved using M20, while mechanical efficiency (80.8 %) exhibited equivalence with pure diesel.

Optimization of lignin precipitation from black liquor using organic acids and its valorization by preparing lignin nanoparticles

This work focuses on the precipitation of lignin from kraft black liquor (BL) along with its valorization into lignin nanoparticles (LNP). Two organic acids namely, acetic acid, and lactic acid were used for the precipitation of lignin as an alternative to sulfuric acid. An optimization study was carried out to determine the effect of three key variables, namely acid type, temperature, and pH, on the isolation yield and purity of lignin. The study showed that all factors primarily influenced the lignin yield, while the purity of precipitated lignin varied only around 1 % between minimum to maximum purity. Further, the acid precipitation method was selected for the preparation of LNP. The study aimed to observe the effect of pH, lignin concentration, and surfactant concentration over the properties of the prepared nanoparticles. The results showed that a smaller nanoparticle size and maximization of phenolic content was achieved with a lignin concentration of 35 mg/mL, a surfactant concentration of 10 % (w/w lignin), and a pH of 5. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of LNPs against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was evaluated. The results showed only minor activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential method for precipitation and valorization of lignin through the production of LNP with desirable properties.

Reducing automotive exhaust: Road performance, purification efficiency, and purification mechanism of self-purified asphalt concrete

To reduce automobile exhaust, self-purified asphalt concrete was prepared with a tourmaline/biochar/diatomite (TBD) purifying agent. The road performance of self-purified asphalt concrete was clarified. The purification effect of self-purified asphalt concrete on automobile exhaust was explored, and the purification efficiency mechanism was revealed. The results indicated that the high-temperature performance and water stability improved, while the low-temperature performance of self-purified asphalt concrete first improved and then decreased with the increase of TBD content. The road performance of self-purified asphalt concrete was the best with a TBD content of 20%. The purification rate of self-purified asphalt concrete on automobile exhaust increased with increasing temperature. The maximum purification rates for CO, CO2, NOx, and HC were 34.31%, 37.87%, 61.79%, and 44.79%, respectively. The purification efficiency of self-purified asphalt concrete on automobile exhaust decreased with the increase in height. At different heights, self-purified asphalt concrete has the best purification efficiency on NOx, with a purification rate distribution of 42.3%-55.85%. TBD adsorbed automobile exhaust through a porous structure and degraded it by the spontaneous polarization effect.

Effect of sodium chloride on yield, purity, morphology and polymorphs of calcium or magnesium carbonate sequentially precipitated from brine solution

Oilfield brine disposal in marine environments is undesirable due to concentrated salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and others which endanger aquatic organisms. Thus, it is paramount to precipitate the dissolved ions into stable carbonates for industrial applications. However, the effect of NaCl in the brine solution on the quantity and quality of precipitated carbonates is not yet reported. In this study, microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer (MIP AES), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate the effect of 0–2 M NaCl on the yield, purity, polymorph, and morphology of calcium and magnesium carbonates. The yields of 96.2% to 98.9% and 53.7% to 69.6% and the purity of 90.9% to 92.7% and 96% to 99.5% CaCO3 and MgCO3·3H2O were obtained, respectively. Moreover, the maximum yield and purity of carbonates were obtained from a brine solution of 1 M NaCl. The concentration of 0–0.5 M NaCl favored more the formation of aragonite whiskers and rhombohedral calcite whereas the concentration of 1–2 M NaCl favored more the formation of aragonite whiskers, lamella vaterite,and rhombohedral calcite. Nevertheless, only nesquehonite (MgCO3·3H2O) precipitated regardless of brine concentration. The crystal surface and length of the precipitated nesquehonite from 1 to 2 M NaCl brine were affected.

ВЛИЯНИЕ КАТИОННОГО ПАВ НА ПРОЦЕСС ЭЛЕКТРОФЛОТАЦИОННОГО ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ ТРУДНОРАСТВОРИМЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ НИКЕЛЯ И ЦИНКА

More and more attention is being paid to the issues of treatment of industrial water from heavy metal ions in metallurgical industry. Wastewater containing nickel and zinc compounds poses a serious threat to the natural environment. Accumulation in trophic chains and their acute toxic effect are equally dangerous both for ecosystems and human health. Electroflotation is the most effective method for the extraction of hard-soluble heavy metal compounds, but the accompanying water contamination with surfactants can have a significant impact on water treatment processes. In the present study, the effect of cationic surfactant on electroflotation extraction of hard-soluble nickel and zinc compounds was investigated. The purification process of the model system was carried out on the developed laboratory installation equipped with a source of direct electric current. Oxide-ruthenium-titanium anode and stainless steel cathode were used as electrodes. It was found that when extracting nickel and zinc compounds with increasing pH, the efficiency of the electroflotation process increases, reaching maximum values at pH 10-11. The optimum time is 30 minutes, further increase of time does not lead to increase of efficiency, but significantly increases energy consumption and reduces productivity of equipment. In systems with surfactants and hard-soluble zinc compounds, similar regularities were observed, and at pH more than 10 the process of dissolution of amphoteric zinc hydroxide is inhibited. The maximum purification efficiency at pH 10.0-11.0 is above 99 %. Removal of more than 80 % of hard-soluble zinc compounds was observed after 20 minutes of electroflotation, the process of separation of hard-soluble nickel compounds under similar conditions was significantly worse - the efficiency decreased by 20-30 %. Presence in the system of surfactants based on alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (corrosion inhibitor, degreaser) insignificantly inhibits the purification process in alkaline medium (pH 10.0-11.0), while in neutral and slightly alkaline media the presence of surfactants significantly inhibits the process of electroflotation extraction of hard-soluble nickel and zinc compounds from water. Residual concentrations of nickel and zinc ions were 0.5 - 1.2 mg/dm3.

Effect of polyhalite and muriate of potash on quality attributes of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Inceptisols

Polyhalite is a hydrated sulphate evaporate mineral containing potassium, sulphur, calcium and magnesium that crops require in significant quantities but has limited evaluation as a fertilizer for sugarcane.The sugarcane crop has a high demand for potassium for better quality. To keep the above facts in mind, the present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyhalite and muriate of potash (MOP) on the quality attributes of sugarcane var. Co 11015 (Atulya) in sandy loam soil at Arachalur, Erode district. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design consisting of ten treatments. The treatment included were T1 –control, T2 - 50% K as MOP, T3 - 100% K as MOP, T4 - 100% K as Polyhalite, T5 - 100% K (1:1 ratio of Polyhalite and MOP), T6 - 100% K (1:3 ratio of Polyhalite and MOP), T7 - 150% K as MOP, T8 - 150% K as Polyhalite, T9 - 150% K (1:1 ratio of Polyhalite and MOP), T10 - 150% K (1:3 ratio of Polyhalite and MOP). The application of potassium fertilizers in different levels and ratios significantly (5%) influenced the quality attributes of sugarcane. The results of the experiment revealed that the application of 150% K (169.5 kg K2O ha-1) as polyhalite (T8) recorded maximum brix, pol, purity, CCS%, and extraction% and also this treatment was recorded minimum reducing sugar and fibre%. The present experiment would be helpful to sugarcane farmers for quality improvement through the application of polyhalite as a potassium fertilizer.

Silica extraction from bamboo leaves using alkaline extraction method

The silica is most common constituent of bamboo leaves mainly varies from 75.90 to 82.86 %.In this study, silica was extracted from bamboo leaves using an alkaline extractionprocess. In proximate analysis, bamboo leaves were found to contain significantly more ash (24.5 %) containing 79.28 % silica and low levels of fixed carbon. However, in ultimate analysis, bamboo leaves were found to contain 57.56 % oxygen.The yield and quality of silica were improved by extracting silica from bamboo leaves ash under various operating conditions.A higher concentration of NaOH (2.5 N) resulted in a greater yield of silica (97.73 %).During the alkaline process, an acid leaching treatment was used toremove metal impurities either from bamboo leaves ash or extracted silica. The silica yield increased from 97.73 % to 98.86 % after acid leaching of feed. In an FTIR analysis, Si-O-Si, Si-O, and Si-OH bonds were identified. Modern characterization techniques such as XRF were used to determine the purity of silica. There is a significant difference between the maximum purity of acid leached silica samples (96.13 %) and that of commercial silica samples (95.52 %).As a result of this study, silica that has a wide range of applications in the food and nutrition industries, the pharmaceutical industry, and as a nano-catalyst could be produced.

Simultaneous biogas upgrading and medium-chain fatty acids production using a dual membrane biofilm reactor

Utilizing H2-assisted ex-situ biogas upgrading and acetate recovery holds great promise for achieving high value utilization of biogas. However, it faces a significant challenge due to acetate's high solubility and limited economic value. To address this challenge, we propose an innovative strategy for simultaneous upgrading of biogas and the production of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). A series of batch tests evaluated the strategy's efficiency under varying initial gas ratios (v/v) of H2, CH4, CO2, along with varying ethanol concentrations. The results identified the optimal conditions as initial gas ratios of 3H2:3CH4:2CO2 and an ethanol concentration of 241.2 mmol L−1, leading to maximum CH4 purity (97.2 %), MCFAs yield (54.2 ± 2.1 mmol L−1), and MCFAs carbon-flow distribution (62.3 %). Additionally, an analysis of the microbial community's response to varying conditions highlighted the crucial roles played by microorganisms such as Clostridium, Proteiniphilum, Sporanaerobacter, and Bacteroides in synergistically assimilating H2 and CO2 for MCFAs production. Furthermore, a 160-day continuous operation using a dual-membrane aerated biofilm reactor (dMBfR) was conducted. Remarkable achievements were made at a hydraulic retention time of 2 days, including an upgraded CH4 content of 96.4 ± 0.3 %, ethanol utilization ratio (URethanol) of 95.7 %, MCFAs production rate of 28.8 ± 0.3 mmol L−1 d−1, and MCFAs carbon-flow distribution of 70 ± 0.8 %. This enhancement is proved to be an efficient in biogas upgrading and MCFAs production. These results lay the foundation for maximizing the value of biogas, reducing CO2 emissions, and providing valuable insights into resource recovery.

Recovery of ergosterol from Agaricus bisporus mushrooms via supercritical fluid extraction: A response surface methodology optimisation

This work uses the response surface methodology to optimise ergosterol recovery from Agaricus bisporus mushrooms by supercritical fluid extraction. The influence of pressure, temperature, co-solvent use, and solvent-to-mushroom mass ratio was evaluated on yield and extract composition. Considering temperature, pressure, and co-solvent volume percentage, predictive models were regressed for extraction yield, ergosterol purity in the recovered fractions, and ergosterol recovery. The co-solvent volumetric fraction was the most influential factor, increasing the extraction yield and reducing the extract's ergosterol purity. A maximum ergosterol extract purity of (547.27 ± 2.37) mgergosterol·gextract‐1 was obtained at a pressure of 100 bar, temperature of 50 °C and co-solvent volume percentage of 5 % v/v. The highest ergosterol recovery was (6.23 ± 0.06) mgergosterol·gdw‐1 for operating conditions of 244 bar, 56 °C, and 8 % v/v of co-solvent. Coefficients of determination close to one were obtained for all models, indicating good agreement with experimental data.

Food wastes clean water wastes: melon peel peroxidase isolation and immobilization onto magnetite nanoparticles for phenol removal

In this study, melon peel waste was utilized to isolate peroxidase enzyme through three-phase portioning (TPP) and subsequently immobilized onto magnetite nanoparticles for effective bioremediation of phenol pollutants from water. The optimization of TPP parameters ensured maximum activity recovery and enzyme purity. Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized and used as a substrate for immobilizing the isolated peroxidase, achieving an activity recovery of 157% and a purification fold of 5.2. Protein homogeneity testing confirmed the purity of the peroxidase enzyme. The magnetite nanoparticles had an average diameter of 62 nm, and the immobilization efficiency reached 93% at pH 8 with an enzyme/nanoparticles v/v ratio of 1:9. The immobilized peroxidase demonstrated the ability to degrade 57% of phenol within 3 h and retained 30% relative activity even after five catalytic cycles. This immobilized melon peel peroxidase on magnetite nanoparticles proves to be a robust, enduring, and reusable biocatalyst with potential for various applications, especially in bioremediation processes.Graphical

Acute and Delayed Oral Toxicity Studies and Observations on Pregnancy, Gestation and Reproductive Performance of Wistar Rats Administered Limit Dose of Purified Extract from Stem Bark of Antidiabetic Anogeissus leiocarpus (African Birch Tree)

Objectives: The maximum purification of the extracts of antidiabetic Anogeissus leiocarpus stem bark led to a quest for its lethal dose (LD50) and effects on pregnancy, gestation, pups (kitten) and reproductive performance of Wistar rats.
 Design: Extracts of A. leiocarpus were subjected to column and thin layer chromatography until final purification.
 Five (5) each of adult male and female rats were used for the study. The revised limit test dose of 2000mg/kg.bd.wt. was used to evaluate the acute oral toxicity and effects on reproductive characteristics of the purified extracts on Wistar rats. The rats were monitored for instant death and 24hours later, 3 each of male and female rats were humanely sacrificed. On day 0 and 24hours later biomarkers of liver damage, AST, ALT, and ALP and that of kidney, urea, were assayed. The remaining 4 rats (2 males and 2 females) were monitored for additional 14days and thereafter for any effect of the limit dose on reproductive activities.
 Results: The limit dose caused no death within the first 24hours and no hepato-renal damages. Pregnancy, gestation, parturition, pups (kitten) and reproductive performance were normal. The median lethal Dose (LD50) is > 2000mg/kg./bd.wt.
 Conclusion: Animal experimentation, using Wistar rats showed that purified extracts of A. leiocarpus stem bark as a non-conventional drug for diabetes mellitus, has no effects on pregnancy and reproductive performance. There was no teratogenic effect on pups. The compound has a wide range of safety value.
 Keywords: Oral Toxicity, Pregnancy, Gestation, Reproductive Performance, Wistar Rats, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Purified Extract