Maximum Peel Force Research Articles

90-degree peeling of elastic thin films from elastic soft substrates: Theoretical solutions and experimental verification

Peeling of thin films has been widely used in adhesion measurement, film transfer and bio-inspired design. Most previous studies focused on the peeling of thin films from rigid substrates, but soft substrates are common in practical applications. Herein, we propose a two-dimensional model based on the bilinear cohesive law to characterize the 90-degree peeling of elastic thin films from elastic soft substrates, and obtain theoretical solutions expressed in terms of the Chebyshev series. The theoretical solutions match well with the finite element method results, including the load-displacement curves and the bulging deformation of soft substrates. We find that with decreasing substrate modulus, the maximum peeling force (Pmax) decreases but the steady-state peeling force remains unchanged. With the present solutions, the interfacial strength and fracture energy can be extracted simultaneously from the 90-degree peeling experiments of thin film/soft substrate systems, and then the experimentally measured Pmax for different film thicknesses can be well predicted. Furthermore, we obtain a new power scaling law of Pmax, where the scaling exponent depends on substrate elasticity. These results can help us measure the interfacial properties of thin film/soft substrate systems via peel tests, and regulate their peeling behaviors by interface design.

Determination traction-separation parameters and its sensitivity analysis of bilinear cohesive zone model through experimental and numerical peeling analysis of electrodes

The optimization of traction-separation parameters within the cohesive zone model (CZM) is crucial for accurately simulating electrode peeling failure in lithium-ion batteries. This study performed 180° peeling tests on NCM electrodes and used Abaqus software alongside the sim-flow optimization tool for simulation analysis, aiming to accurately replicate the failure behavior at the lithium-ion battery electrode interface. Experimental results were used to determine the fracture energy of the electrode interface, while numerical simulations analyzed the peeling performance of the electrode. By fitting the force-displacement curves from both simulation and experiment, the traction-separation parameters within the bilinear CZM were optimized. Additionally, the study analyzed the effects of traction-separation parameters, as well as the modulus and thickness of the current collector, on peeling behavior. The results showed that a significant increase in the interface stiffness and strength increased the steady-state peeling force. Among these, the fracture energy had the most significant influence on the steady-state peeling force. Furthermore, while the modulus and thickness of the current collector affected the maximum peeling force, their effect on the steady-state peeling force was negligible. These findings enhance the accuracy of simulating the failure behavior of the electrode interface.

Polydopamine-Modified MXene-Integrated Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) to Construct Ultrafast Photoresponsive Bilayer Hydrogel Actuators with Smart Adhesion.

In nature, living organisms, such as octopuses, cabrito, and frogs, have already evolved admirable adhesive abilities for better movement and predation in response to the surroundings. Inspired by biological structures, researchers have made enormous efforts in developing actuators that can respond to external stimuli, while such adhesive property is very desired, yet there is still limited research in responsive hydrogel actuators. Here, a bilayer actuator with high stretchability and robust interface bonding is presented, which has a smart adhesion and thermoreception function. The system consists of an adhesive passive layer copolymerized of amphoteric ([2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl), SBMA) and acrylic acid (AA), and an active layer hydrogel composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) containing polydopamine-modified MXene (P-MXene) and calcium chloride (CaCl2). The coordination of carboxylate and Ca2+ at the interface of the two layers enhances the interfacial bonding from 14 to 30 N m-1, which facilitates withstanding large strain and preventing stratification. The resulting hydrogel actuator can bend approximately 360° in a mere 10 s, exhibiting excellent photothermal effect, a large angle bending deformation, and ultrafast photoresponsive ability. As a proof of concept, the photothermal actuators are programmed to present various shapes and grab objects. Importantly, the hydrogel actuator exhibits remarkable adhesion capabilities toward diverse substrates, with a maximum peel force of up to 280 N m-1. Relying on their own adhesion and the photoresponse properties, these flexible adhesion actuators show outstanding gripping capability, enabling them to grip and release objects of different shapes and weights. More interestingly, the hydrogel exhibits a smart adjustable adhesion capability at different temperatures, which enables it as a gripper to recognize temperature signals through real-time different feedback actions based on its own adhesion. This study presents innovative insights into biomimetic hydrogel actuators, providing new opportunities for developing intelligent soft robots with multiple functions.

Multiple kinds of peeling processes and instabilities in heterogeneous film peeling

Although it has been demonstrated that heterogeneous film can enhance adhesion properties without modifying the interface, there is still a dearth of comprehensive studies in the literature regarding the peeling process of such film and the potential instability that may occur during the peeling process. To address these issues, a peeling model based on the cohesion zone model and Euler-Bernoulli beam equation is proposed in this study. Our analysis revealed four previously unknown peeling behaviors: Firstly, there are nine kinds of peeling processes for heterogeneous film. Only one is stable, static peeling process, while the other eight exhibit instability when the peeling front reaches a certain position. Secondly, instability may occur at the interface from the stiff section to the compliant section of the homogeneous film, as well as at stiff section or compliant section. Moreover, two of these peeling processes experience two instabilities within one peeling period – one at the interface from the stiff section to the compliant section and another at stiff section. Thirdly, an optimal length fraction of the stiff section for enhancing adhesive performance exists and its value is largely determined by the strength of the interface material. Specifically, higher interfacial strength results in smaller values of the optimal length fraction. Finally, the maximum peeling force is positively correlated with the bending stiffness ratio, interfacial strength, interfacial toughness, and period length of heterogeneous film. But it is inversely related to the bending stiffness. These findings are crucial for understanding the peeling behavior of heterogeneous film and strongly adhesive interfaces found in nature, and can be applied to optimize adhesive design and performance in practical engineering applications.

An experimental investigation on the effect of nano-graphene oxide on the maximum peeling force of Al/GFRP laminates

The effect of adding different percentages of nano-graphene oxide (NGO) into the epoxy resin on the mechanical properties of NGO/epoxy and maximum peeling force of fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) with composite cores are investigated in this paper. Three different percentages of NGO including 0.1, 0.35 and 0.50 weight percentages (wt. %) are used to fabricate the tensile test samples of NGO/epoxy. Hand lay-up method is used to fabricate FML specimens with glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) core and aluminum faces. Tensile tests are examined and the Young’s modulus and ultimate stress of NGO/epoxy samples are determined. It is found that after adding of 0.1 wt. % of NGO into the epoxy resin, the ultimate tensile strength decreased by 13.4% from 25.3 to 21.9 MPa. Moreover, using peeling test, the separation force between aluminum faces of Al/GFRP laminates are obtained. Based on the results, when 0.1 wt. % of NGO is mixed with the epoxy, the maximum peeling force of FML increases by 16% and amounts to 4 N/mm. Based on the results, when NGO is used next to micro fibers in the construction of composite core, they have an effective role on the interlayer adhesion of fibrous composites.

Triethoxysilane End-Functional Branched Waterborne Polyurethane Adhesives for Leather Substrates

In order to improve the adhesion and water resistance of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) adhesive, a kind of amino-terminated hyperbranched organosilicon (HPSi-NH2) was first synthesized by using trimethylchlorosilane, diethoxydimethylsilane, and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) as raw materials. Then, HPSi-NH2, as the cross-linking agent, was used to modify the polyurethane prepolymer to obtain HPSi-NH2-modified WPU (HSiPU). The single-factor experiment results showed that when the amount of HPSi-NH2 was 2.0 wt %, the adhesion properties of HSiPU-2 were the best. Compared with the HSiPU-0 film, the water absorption rate of the HSiPU-2 film decreased by 10.9%, the water contact angle increased by 26.3°, the tensile strength increased by 10.1 MPa, and the elongation at break increased from 630.7 to 813.0%. HSiPU adhesive was used in the bonding of the goat leather substrate, and the results showed that the peel strength of leather bonded by HSiPU-2 was increased from 1.38 to 3.15 N/mm, and the maximum peel force was increased from 1.67 to 5.51 N/mm, which indicated that the bond strength of HSiPU adhesive with different contents of HPSi-NH2 can be used for bonding substrates with different cohesion strengths.

Mechanics of regulatable hydrogel adhesion with elastic heterogeneity

Hydrogel adhesion regulation remains a key challenge in applications of stretchable electronics, tissue engineering, and soft robotics. Whereas existing strategies are focused on enhancing adhesion, the underlying mechanics of on-demand mechanical regulation from adhesion promotion to adhesion reduction receives insufficient attention. We propose an effective method to manipulate the energy process zone near the crack front by invoking periodic elastic heterogeneity, whose adhesion toughness exhibits high dependence on the periodic structures and peeling direction. Without modifying surface chemistry, the adhesion of heterogeneous interfaces implemented by 3D printing can enhance peak force by 6-fold or weaken interfacial toughness to 1/30, as compared to the case of a homogeneous interface. Based on a variational principle, analytical formulations and finite element simulations are performed to quantify the heterogeneous behaviors. The analysis captures the instability phenomenon and predicts the maximum peel force. Combined experimental, theoretical, and finite element results demonstrate the effects of geometric parameters and peeling directions on the overall adhesion toughness. This data elucidates an energy storage mechanism, namely that the discrete elastic ligaments free of lateral constraints could enable the interface to accommodate large stretching and store intensified strain energy. The results also indicate the necessity and significance of peeling directions. The work provides a design guideline for on-demand enhancement and detachment in hydrogel interface applications.

Numerical simulation of mechanical properties of epiretinal membrane peeling

An epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a fibrocellular proliferation on the inner surface of the retina causing blurred and distorted central vision. Surgery is the only effective method for ERM removal. This paper investigated the mechanical properties of ERM peeling using the finite element (FE) method. A FE model of ERM formation on the retina surface was constructed. The failure criterion was applied to the attachment pegs to represent the adhesive force between the ERM and retina. The simulation results were consistent with the experimental data in published research. The maximum peeling force was 4.1 mN at a peeling velocity of 2 mm/s and an angle of 30°. The peeling force was minimum at the peeling angle of 45° and increased with the increase in peeling velocity and Young’s modulus of the membrane. The outcome of this paper can improve the safety and efficiency of ERM removal.

Development of a Method for Peeling Off Paper from Celluloid Pictures for Animation Films.

During the storage of celluloid pictures for animation films over half a century, an interleave paper adhered to acrylic paint. The purpose of this study is to establish a methodology to cleanly remove the paper from the paint. A layered film, a replica of the celluloid pictures, adhered with paper was prepared and immersed in water or ethanol. The effect of these solvents on the peeling behavior was investigated using a peel test. The maximum peel force for the dry layered film in was distributed at ~0.5 N, independently of the peel speed. The peel force was significantly reduced after the layered film was immersed in pure water or ethanol. A morphological observation revealed that the dry paper was peeled off via the cohesive failure of the paper. After the layered film was immersed in pure water, the paper was also peeled off via cohesive failure. The layered film immersed in ethanol was peeled off at the paper/paint interface. To clear the effect of the volume change in the paint on peel behavior, the relative volume was determined via image analysis. The relative volume of paint was 1.56 in pure water and 1.37 in ethanol. It can be considered that the large difference in the volume of paint induces a large shear stress at the paint/paper interface.

Correlation of collagen fibril properties and inner limiting membrane thickness with vitreoretinal adhesion in human eyes

Vitreoretinal adhesive strength is thought to play a mechanical role in various retinal diseases; however, collagen fibril properties and inner limiting membrane (ILM) thickness have not been quantitatively correlated to adhesive strength. In this work, we quantified the relationship between collagen fibril density, angle, length, and ILM thickness with vitreoretinal adhesive strength to advance our understanding of structure-function relationships in vitreoretinal adhesion. Following mechanical peel tests, human retinal sections from the equator and posterior pole of donors 42-89 years of age were extracted and processed for transmission electron microscopy. Collagen fibrils at the vitreoretinal interface were segmented and fibril density, angle, length, and ILM thickness quantified. Morphological measurements were correlated with vitreoretinal adhesion measured in the same location. We found that collagen fibril density was 1.6 times greater in the equator compared to the posterior pole across all ages (p=0.0305). Steady-state peel force showed a slight positive correlation with increasing density in both the equator and posterior pole, but was only statistically significant in the equator (p<0.05). Collagen fibril angle and length did not significantly vary with age or region. ILM thickness was 3.8 times thicker in the posterior pole compared to the equator (p<0.0001). ILM thickness was 1.8 times greater in eyes ≤60 years of age compared to eyes >60 of age (p=0.0136). Maximum peel force was significantly correlated with increasing ILM thickness in the equator (p=0.015). A similar trend was seen in the posterior pole, but this was not significant. These data suggest that collagen contributes to adhesion at the vitreoretinal interface, but the structure of the ILM is more influential on the initiation of separation between the vitreous and retina.

Holding on or falling off: The attachment mechanism of epiphytic Anthurium obtusum changes with substrate roughness.

For vascular epiphytes, secure attachment to their hosts is vital for survival. Yet studies detailing the adhesion mechanism of epiphytes to their substrate are scarce. Examination of the root hair-substrate interface is essential to understand the attachment mechanism of epiphytes to their substrate. This study also investigated how substrate microroughness relates to the root-substrate attachment strength and the underlying mechanism(s). Seeds of Anthurium obtusum were germinated, and seedlings were transferred onto substrates made of epoxy resin with different defined roughness. After 2 months of growth, roots that adhered to the resin tiles were subjected to anchorage tests, and root hair morphology at different roughness levels was analyzed using light and cryo scanning electron microscopy. The highest maximum peeling force was recorded on the smooth surface (glass replica, 0 µm). Maximum peeling force was significantly higher on fine roughness (0, 0.3, 12 µm) than on coarse (162 µm). Root hair morphology varied according to the roughness of the substrate. On smoother surfaces, root hairs were flattened to achieve large surface contact with the substrate. Attachment was mainly by adhesion with the presence of a glue-like substance. On coarser surfaces, root hairs were tubular and conformed to spaces between the asperities on the surface. Attachment was mainly via mechanical interlocking of root hairs and substrate. This study demonstrates for the first time that the attachment mechanism of epiphytes varies depending on substrate microtopography, which is important for understanding epiphyte attachment on natural substrates varying in roughness.

Mechanical property analysis of a novel peel-speed sensitive flexible fastener

A design of peel-speed sensitive flexible fastener was proposed based on a novel modified polyurethane. Taking the microtrichia of the head-arrester system of lestes barbarous as the bionic prototype, the structure of the micro protuberance was designed as self-mating type with hemispherical caps. Considering the nonlinearities of contact behavior and of the material property, a micromechanical model of typical interlocking element is established. Adopting the explicit dynamics finite element method, the mechanical responses of fastener in peeling are analyzed. The detachment of interlocking element is predicated by taking the total strain energy as an indicator. The influences of peel speed and friction coefficient on the mechanical performances are parametrically studied. The results show that the maximum peel force and the strength increased with respect to the enhancing peel speed because of the intrinsic nonlinearity in the constitutive relation of novel modified polyurethane the investigation adopted. With larger friction coefficient, the maximum peel force, the total strain energy and the corresponding de-adhesion displacements are respectively enhanced.

Effect of water content on physical adhesion of polyacrylamide hydrogels

Hydrogels are widely used in flexible electronics and biomedical areas owning to their superior biocompatibility and stretchability. Previous studies have demonstrated that water content has significant effect on the elastic and fracture behaviors of hydrogels. However, the effect of water content on hydrogel adhesion has not been systematically explored. Herein, we carry out a series of experiments on polyacrylamide hydrogels with a wide range of water content and reveal that the physical adhesion properties of hydrogels are related to the water content. We find that with a variation of water content, the adhesion energy-water content relationship can be divided into four regions. The surface chain density and bulk energy dissipation of the polyacrylamide hydrogel and the water content and effective contact area over the interface between the hydrogel and the substrate synergistically contribute to this relationship. Specifically, at extremely low water content of ∼ 30%, polyacrylamide hydrogels exhibit one order of magnitude higher adhesion energy than that at relatively high water content. It is also found that with the decrease of water content, the maximum peeling force presents a similar trend to that of adhesion energy. According to our findings, we may control the adhesion performance and even achieve reversible adhesion of a hydrogel by simply adjusting the water content.

Freezing-Tolerant, Nondrying, Stretchable, and Adhesive Organohydrogels Inspired by the DNA Double Helix Structure for a Flexible Dual-Response Sensor

Due to the unique flexibility and modifiability of hydrogels, hydrogel-based wearable sensors have drawn tremendous attention. However, traditional hydrogels rigidify or dehydrate at extreme temperatures because their included water freezes or evaporates, which greatly impedes the development and practical application of the hydrogel-based wearable sensor. Herein, a temperature-tolerant organohydrogel with self-healing properties, adhesiveness, plasticity, and high stretchability was designed by introducing the specific base pairs, adenine (A) and thymine (T), into the polyacrylamide network in a water–glycerol (Gly) binary solvent. The gelation process was mainly driven by the covalent cross-linking and the complementary base pairing of the double helix structure of DNA. The prepared organohydrogels exhibited a tensile strength of 35 kPa, a toughness of 667 kJ m–3, and were highly flexibile with a rupture elongation of 3870%. Moreover, the organohydrogel demonstrated an excellent adhesive performance toward diverse organic and inorganic substrates. The organohydrogel displayed a maximum peeling force and adhesion strength of organohydrogel to filter paper of 149 and 122 kPa, respectively. In addition, the organohydrogel presented a rapid self-healing efficiency, long-term moisture retention, and good conductivity, even at subzero temperatures (−20 °C), and can be assembled as a dual strain and thermal sensor to realize the dual-sensing. The organohydrogel strain sensor exhibited a higher sensing sensitivity [gauge factor (GF) = 11.99] over a broad strain range (∼660%) and long-term durability (>135 cycles) and can be attached to the human body to monitor human motion in real-time. Significantly, the organohydrogel still maintained its high strain sensitivity (GF = 9.76) even at a lower temperature. We envisage that this study will provide a theoretical guidance for the design and development of multifunctional conductive hydrogels with antifreezing and antidrying properties and extend the application of the hydrogel-based sensor in electronic skin, flexible control panel, wearable devices, and health monitoring in extreme environments.

Influence and optimization of parameters of prepreg viscosity during placement

This paper tested the viscosity of prepreg in the automatic placement process, and conducted the probe and placement-90° peel tests through the test systems. The law of variation of prepreg viscosity during the laying process was studied through these tests under different conditions by taking the peel force to intuitively and quantitatively characterise the viscosity of the prepreg. The results show that this viscosity is inversely proportional to the laying rate, proportional to the laying pressure, and quadratic to the laying temperature. Then, peel tests were simulated to validate both the correctness of the peel test and that of the probe test data fitting the two-line cohesion model. On this basis, a response surface test for laying and peeling was designed. Taking viscous peel force as the response target, the laying process parameters were optimised and the significance of their influence was further studied. The error between the test value and the predicted value of the maximum viscous peel force is 3.03%.

Enhance the debonding resistance of hydrogel by large-scale bridging

The application of hydrogels has recently expanded markedly owning to the achievement of strong adhesion. In characterizing adhesion, a hydrogel is often subjected to 90° peel, during which the peel force increases, maximizes then drops to a plateau at steady state. The steady state peel force determines adhesion toughness. The maximum peel force determines a debonding resistance that is higher than adhesion toughness, which, however, has been largely unheeded before. This paper studies the mechanics pertaining to the maximum peel force and describes a method to enhance the debonding resistance by invoking the large-scale bridging mechanism. We achieve, by varying the bending stiffness, an increment of debonding resistance from 185 to 856 N/m for a single-network polyacrylamide hydrogel and from 486 to 2054 N/m for a double-network Ca-alginate/PAAm hydrogel on a glass substrate. The increment of debonding resistance depends on the thickness of the hydrogel and the bending stiffness of the backing. As a proof-of-concept deployment of the method, we fabricate a bilayer consisting of a passive hydrogel 2 and a responsive (PAAc/Ca(Ac)2) hydrogel 1. The PAAc/Ca(Ac)2 hydrogel is soft at 25 °C (E ~ 0.5 MPa) but stiffens dramatically at 75 °C (E ~ 100 MPa), serving as the stiff backing to elicit large-scale bridging mechanism to improve the debonding resistance by one order of magnitude. We establish a theoretical model to probe the peel behaviors based on the cohesive-zone model and solve the resultant boundary value problem numerically. Theoretical predications satisfactorily agree with experimental results. We discuss the importance of maximum peel force and the potentials of large-scale bridging mechanism in improving debonding resistance for soft materials.

Determination of the interface properties in an elastic film/substrate system

Based on the assumption of constant-stress (Dugdale) interface bonding, a theoretical model is established in order to characterize the entire peeling response of an elastic film from a rigid substrate. The relationship between the peeling force and the peeling displacement and the relationship between the cohesive zone length and the peeling displacement at different peeling stages are analyzed. Closed-form solutions of the maximum peeling force and the maximum length of cohesive zone are further derived theoretically. It is found that both the maximum peeling force and the maximum length of cohesive zone depend on the interface strength, interface toughness and bending stiffness of the film. Combined with the classical Kendall's model, the cohesive zone length in the steady-state peeling stage is further given. A new method to simultaneously determine the interface strength and interface toughness is proposed, as long as the maximum peeling force, steady-state peeling force and film's bending stiffness are obtained from peeling tests. The results of this paper should be very helpful for interface performance prediction and interface design of film/substrate systems.

Predicting adhesive sealing life of Li-ion pouch cell using a fusion method considering time-varying dependence

ABSTRACT The adhesive sealing structure plays an important role in high-reliability long-life service of Li-ion pouch cells. The inner gas pressure increases inevitably owing to a diversity of chemical and thermal reactions during charging/discharging cycles of Li-ion pouch cells. It accelerates the degradation of adhesion properties, leading to the sealing failure and batteries’ being scrapped in advance. Therefore, an accurate sealing life prediction method is crucial for durable Li-ion batteries. Since existing physics-based methods cannot describe the time-varying dependence between the gas pressure and adhesion property variable (i.e. maximum peeling force) well, whereas pure data-driven methods have difficulties in determining failure thresholds, this paper proposes a fusion method for predicting the sealing life. Considering the irreversibility of the sealing degradation, the Gamma stochastic processes are used to describe the dispersivity and monotonous variation of gas pressure and maximum peeling force, and the time-varying dependence between them is modelled by time-varying copula functions. Then, two empirical physical equations are employed to determine the relationship between the gas pressure and the sealing stress, as well as the relationship between the peeling force and the adhesive strength. Finally, the sealing life prediction is obtained based on the stress-strength interference theory.

In-situ formation of indium seed layer for copper metallization of silicon heterojunction solar cells

Low production cost and simplified process are the prerequisites for large-scale commercialization of highly efficient silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. In this paper, an innovative method of plating process with in-situ seed layer technique is proposed for the metallization of SHJ solar cells. As indicated by the measurements of cyclic voltammetry curves and scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical reduction reaction occurs and results in metal particles randomly distributed on the surface of tungsten doped indium oxide (IWO) layer. Given the measurement of Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental mapping and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the metal particles are indium and are electrochemically reduced from the IWO film. These indium particles can serve as the seed layer facilitating the subsequent copper plating process. In order to prevent copper diffusion and enhance the adhesion, nickel plating and alkaline copper plating was applied. As a result, the maximum peeling force of plated copper busbar reaches 4.23 N. This is higher than that of the screen-printed silver busbar (2.31 N). By adopting the in-situ indium-seed-layer based plating process, a cell efficiency of 22.01% was achieved with significantly improved short circuit current density and fill factor. Taking advantage of the in-situ seed layer technique, the all-solution based plating process is simplified and effective without full area seed layer deposition and subsequent etch back step, showing great potential for the copper metallization of SHJ solar cells with reduced cost.

Effect of thin-film length on the peeling behavior of film-substrate interfaces.

Compared with the classical Kendall's model to analyze the steady-state peeling behavior of an infinite length film attaching to a rigid substrate, this paper establishes a model of a finite length thin film adhering on a rigid substrate and analyzes the influence of film's initial adhesion length, film stiffness, and initial cantilever length of films on the whole interface peeling behavior. Both theoretical prediction and finite element calculation are carried out. The typical relationship between the peeling force and the separation distance at the loading point is obtained as well as the morphology of deformed films. It is found that the initial adhesion length has a significant effect on the peeling behavior. Differently from the case of infinite thin films, whether the steady-state peeling process can be achieved or not depends on the film's adhesion length. If the film is long enough, the whole peeling process can be divided into an initial peeling stage, a transition stage, a steady-state stage, and an unstable peeling stage. The maximum peeling force of the interface does not necessarily occur in the steady-state stage, which is influenced by the film's initial adhesion length, film stiffness, and initial cantilever length. The results achieved in this paper can not only provide a systematic understanding of peeling behavior of a thin film on a rigid substrate, but also be helpful for the design of high-quality interface and peeling tests in practical applications.