Maximum Peak Value Research Articles

Bioprospecting of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC seed pod extract effect on antioxidant and immune system of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Chemical insecticides are largely used for the control of agricultural pests, in spite of harmful effects on non-target organisms and their persistence in the environment. Alternative pest control method involving of plant secondary metabolites has gained momentum recently. In the present study seed pod of Prosopis juliflora plant was studied for the lethal and sublethal effect on the Spodoptera litura larvae. Different solvent extracts of Prosopis juliflora seedpods were tested for insecticidal activity. The results showed that hexane seed pod extract of Prosopis juliflora with LC50 (24 h) (200.40 ppm) and LC90 (24 h) (1.01 ppm). Further, the effect of hexane seed pod extract an immune and antioxidant system of S. litura larvae were studied. The results show a significant increase in the total hemocyte count. Among haemocytes, Granulocytes, Plasmatocytes, Spherulocytes, Oenocytoids, and Prohemocytes showed an increase. Further an increased level in prophenoloxidase was observed. Catalase, Super Oxide Dismutase, Glutathione S-Transferase and Cytochrome P450 enzymes showed a significant increase. The chemical composition of hexane extract was analyzed using GC-MS and FTIR. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of five active compounds among which 9-Octadecyne had maximum peak value (63.314%). FT-IR analysis showed the presence of alkenes, alkyl halides, carboxylic acids, and aromatics. This study shows that P. juliflora seed pod hexane extract is effective in producing lepidopteran larval mortality and this may be due to the presence of 9-Octadecyne. In addition, this extract also increases the antioxidant and immune enzyme activity thus affecting the fitness of the insect. P. juliflora seedpod hexane extract could be as an alternative to conventional insecticides for controlling agricultural pest of S. litura.

Shape memory properties of olefin block copolymer (OBC)/poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) blends

ABSTRACTConventionally, the chemically crosslinked shape memory polymer (SMP) blends are hard to recycle due to their network structure. Herein, the environmental SMP blends of olefin block copolymer (OBC), a unique thermoplastic elastomer, and poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) were physically crosslinked. Dicumyl peroxide was used as the compatibilizer to improve their miscibility, as evidenced by the reduced dispersed domain size of PCL in the OBC matrix and the increased complex viscosity. The peroxide modified OBC/PCL blend conferred enhanced tensile properties, increased dynamic storage modulus, increased crystallization temperature, and higher recovery stress. The shape memory behaviors of OBC/PCL blends predeformed under two different predeformation temperatures (30 and 65 °C) were investigated. The recovery stress showed respective maximum peak values corresponding to their predeformation temperatures. In addition, the modified blends gave the better shape memory performance at 65 °C. Besides the peroxide modification approach, a precycle training process via prestretching the samples and reducing the mechanical hysteresis was implemented to improve shape memory performance further. This is the first work on the OBC‐based SMP blends to enhance shape memory performance by combining the chemical modification using added peroxide compatibilizer and the process modification using a precycle training process. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45475.

Reliability of a Novel Technique for the Measurement of Neck Strength

Reliable assessment of neck strength is required to fully understand the role of decreased neck strength as a risk factor for concussion. The purpose of this study was to assess the intrarater and interrater reliability of a standardized isometric neck-strength-testing protocol using a custom-designed frame, and a digital force gauge. Assessment of intrarater and interrater reliability of a custom neck-strength-testing frame and protocol yielded intraclass correlation values > .890 and > .900 when using maximum peak and average peak values of neck strength, respectively. Our neck-strength-testing frame and protocol provided data of good to excellent reliability, and may be used in future studies to investigate the relationship between neck strength and incidence of injuries.

Estimates of peak electric fields induced by Transcranial magnetic stimulation in pregnant women as patients using an FEM full-body model.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for treatment of depression during pregnancy is an appealing alternative to fetus-threatening drugs. However, no studies to date have been performed that evaluate the safety of TMS for a pregnant mother patient and her fetus. A full-body FEM model of a pregnant woman with about 100 tissue parts has been developed specifically for the present study. This model allows accurate computations of induced electric field in every tissue given different locations of a shape-eight coil, a biphasic pulse, common TMS pulse durations, and using different values of the TMS intensity measured in SMT (Standard Motor Threshold) units. Our simulation results estimate the maximum peak values of the electric field in the fetal area for every fetal tissue separately and for the TMS intensity of one SMT unit.

Observations of black carbon aerosols characteristics over an urban environment: Radiative forcing and related implications

With observations of black carbon (BC) aerosol concentrations, optical and radiative properties were obtained over the urban city of Karachi during the period of March 2006–December 2008. BC concentrations were continuously measured using an Aethalometer, while optical and radiative properties were estimated through the Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds (OPAC) and Santa Barbra DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) models, respectively. For the study period, the measured BC concentrations were higher during January, February and November, while lower during May, June, July and August. A maximum peak value was observed during January 2007 while the minimum value was observed during June 2006. The Short Wave (SW) BC Aerosol Radiative Forcing (ARF) both at Top of the Atmosphere (ToA) and within ATMOSphere (ATMOS) were positive during all the months, whereas negative SW BC ARF was found at the SurFaCe (SFC). Overall, SW BC ARF was higher during January, February and November, while relatively lower ARF was found during May, June, July and August. Conversely, the Long Wave (LW) BC ARF at ToA and SFC remained positive, whereas within ATMOS it shifted towards positive values (heating effect) during June–August. Finally, the net (SW+LW) BC ARF were found to be positive at ToA and in ATMOS, while negative at SFC. Moreover, a systematic increase in Atmospheric Heating Rate (AHR) was found during October to January. Additionally, we found highest correlation between Absorption Aerosol Optical Depth (AODabs) and SW BC ARF within ATMOS followed by SFC and ToA. Overall, the contribution of BC to the total ARF was found to greater than 84% for the whole observational period while contributing up to 93% during January 2007.

The case of Crohn's disease in a child with congenital growth hormone deficiency.

A female patient with congenital hypopituitarism is followed up at the Children’s Endocrinology Centre (St. Petersburg, Russia). Growth hormone deficiency was confirmed by the diagnostic stimulation test; the maximum peak value of growth hormone was 8.3 ng/ml. At the moment of diagnosis, the growth deficit was –3.9 SDS. MRI showed the «empty Turkish saddle», the heterogeneous structure of the pituitary gland. No dysfunction of the other endocrine glands was identified. Bone age lagged behind the chronological age and was 9 years. The somatogenic causes of growth delay and chromosomal abnormalities were ruled out. Molecular genetic testing of the genes associated with hypopituitarism revealed no mutations. Growth hormone therapy was started in a daily dose of 0.033 mg/kg body weight. Two months after the growth hormone therapy had been started, the patient was admitted to the Surgical Department with the symptoms of «acute abdomen». The growth hormone therapy was suspended. The patient was diagnosed with Crohn’s disease upon further examination. After surgical treatment and prescription of specific therapy with Remicade, treatment with growth hormone was resumed after the 6-month break. Now the patient is receiving replacement therapy with growth hormone and permanent therapy of the concomitant Crohn’s disease.

PERANCANGAN DAN ANALISA SISTEM KENDALI FREKUENSI SISTEM TENAGA LISTRIK DENGAN METODE PENEMPATAN KUTUB

This study discusses the application of Polar Placement method using Bass - Gura algorithm on Non - Reheat type frequency electric control system with emphasis on frequency deviation on power system. The performance indicators of electric power system that can be calculated and observed include error analysis, response speed, response quality, frequency domain analysis, stability analysis and robustness analysis of the frequency deviation response of electric power system. The simulation results show that the non-reheat type deviation of electric power with Polar Placement method shows better result compared to non-reheat type frequency power deviation response without the Polar Placement method with a steady state error value of 0.0041, the rise time value of 0.0562 second, the peak time value is 0.0049 seconds, the time value of the steady state is 0.5113 seconds, the maximum pass value is 19.2112%, the root of the characteristic equation which all the parts are negative, the maximum peak value is 1.0049 and the maximum peak value of complementary sensitivity is 0.0051.
 Keywords: Frequency Deviation, Polar Placement, Bass - Gura Algorithm, Non – Reheat

Earthquake responses of near-fault building clusters in mountain city considering viscoelasticity of earth medium and process of fault rupture

A new algorithm is proposed to implement viscoelastic wave propagation in earth medium with surface topography by introducing history variables into integral type GZB constitutive equations and by using the recursive formulae of these history variables. Combining the proposed algorithm with the flexural wave algorithm for frame structure and the algorithm for bidirectional wave propagation, a new type of integrated method is developed for earthquake response analyses of near-fault building clusters in mountain city due to rupture of causative fault. The earthquake responses of building clusters of frame structures situated at different sites of a mountain in Chongqing city, China, are studied during a hypothetical Mw 6.2 near-fault earthquake. The numerical results show that, for the multi-story buildings, the maximum peak value of beam-end bending moments appears in the building on the hill top and the earthquake risk positions are mainly at the bottom and/or the top of the buildings. For the high-rise buildings, the maximum peak value of beam-end bending moments appears in the building on the mountainside and the earthquake risk positions are mainly at the bottom and/or the middle of the buildings.

Transition from Anomalous Hall Effect to Topological Hall Effect in Hexagonal Non-Collinear Magnet Mn3Ga

We report experimental observation of large anomalous Hall effect exhibited in non-collinear triangular antiferromagnet D019-type Mn3Ga with coplanar spin structure at temperatures higher than 100 K. The value of anomalous Hall resistivity increases with increasing temperature, which reaches 1.25 μΩ · cm at a low field of ~300 Oe at room temperature. The corresponding room-temperature anomalous Hall conductivity is about 17 (Ω · cm)−1. Most interestingly, as temperature falls below 100 K, a temperature-independent topological-like Hall effect was observed. The maximum peak value of topological Hall resistivity is about 0.255 μΩ · cm. The appearance of the topological Hall effect is attributed to the change of spin texture as a result of weak structural distortion from hexagonal to orthorhombic symmetry in Mn3Ga. Present study suggests that Mn3Ga shows promising possibility to be antiferromagnetic spintronics or topological Hall effect-based data storage devices.

Analysis of ionospheric TEC from GNSS observables over the Turkish region and predictability of IRI and SPIM models

The present study investigates the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) variations in the lower mid-latitude Turkish region from the Turkish Permanent GNSS Network (TPGN) and International GNSS Services (IGS) observations during the period from January 2015 to December 2015. The corresponding TEC predicted by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI 2012) and Standard Plasmasphere-Ionosphere Model (SPIM), and interpolated from Global Ionosphere Maps (GIMs) are evaluated to realize their reliability over the region. We studied the diurnal and monthly behavior of TEC and the relative TEC deviations along with the upper and lower quartiles to represent its spatio-temporal variability. The diurnal variation of GNSS-derived TEC indicates its maximum peak value around 10.00 UT which decreases gradually to attain minimum value after midnight. The monthly maximum value of TEC is observed in March followed by May and August, and the lowest value is seen during September. Studies show that the monthly relative deviation of TEC variability lies in the range of −1 to 4 units for all stations with the maximum difference between positive and negative variability remaining around 5. The studies also cover seasonal variation, grand-mean of ionospheric TEC and TEC intensity from the TPGN. The seasonal ionospheric VTEC pattern over all stations depicts slight increment in VTEC distribution during March equinox compared to September equinox. The December solstice perceived relatively higher VTEC than June solstice. The overall of VTEC values enhanced at all stations towards end of the year 2015 compare to mid of year due the high solar activity. The maximum grand-mean of VTEC is registered in March equinox while the lowest value is seen in September irrespective of all stations. The measured grand-mean intensity variations of VTEC values are in ascending phase during March, May, August and November months, but in descending phase during February, April, June and September months. The latitudinal study shows daytime TEC slowly decreasing with latitudes with a latitudinal gradient range of 0.1–0.2 TECU/degree. Additionally, the TEC analysis during the strong geomagnetic storm period (07–11 September 2015; SYM-H −120 nT) infers relatively better predictability of the SPIM model compared to the IRI 2012 model. The outputs of this study would complement towards a complete understanding of the lower mid-latitude ionospheric dynamics and its effects on radio propagations, particularly over the Turkish region.

Comparative study of thermoelectric properties of Co based filled antimonide skutterudites with and without SOC effect

In this article we communicate the spin-orbit interaction effects on the thermoelectric properties of alkaline-earth (A=Ca, Sr and Ba) based fully filled skutterudites ACo4Sb12. From the electronic structure calculations for ACo4Sb12 (A=Ca, Sr and Ba) it is understand that spin-orbit coupling take part in splitting of the states of the materials, however in case of BaCo4Sb12, with splitting, the maximum peak around the Fermi level also becomes sharper. This in turn affects the thermal performance of this material. Maximum peak value of Seebeck coefficient is significantly reduced for CaCo4Sb12 and SrCo4Sb12, however in case of BaCo4Sb12 Seebeck coefficient is increased significantly in the lower chemical potential region for n-type doping when spin-orbit coupling is added to the calculations. Furthermore there is also reduction in the electrical and electronic thermal conductivities for all compounds CaCo4Sb12, SrCo4Sb12 and BaCo4Sb12, due to spin-orbit interaction. Maximum zT’s values obtained without spin-orbit interaction for CaCo4Sb12, SrCo4Sb12 and BaCo4Sb12 are 0.97, 0.95 and 0.64 whereas with the spin-orbit interaction maximum zT’s values are 0.64, 0.59 and 0.69 respectively.

A modal domain beamforming approach for depth estimation by a horizontal array

Distinguishing and recognizing water targets and underwater targets has been the focus of passive sonar detection. The depth of the target is closely related to the physical characteristics of the signal. In the shallow water waveguide, the normal mode theory can be used to give a good explanation to the acoustic signal physical properties. In this paper, a new method of beam forming in horizontal array modal domain is proposed. Under the condition of predicting target azimuth, the difference in acoustic path between the horizontal array elements corresponding to the direction of the target signal can be calculated according to the azimuthal information, and the phase delay of each normal mode component of the acoustic signal can be obtained. The horizontal wave number varies with order of normal mode, so each order of the normal mode has a specific phase delay. By using the beam forming principle, when the phase of a certain order of normal mode is compensated for, the output of the superposition of the signal on each element is the modal intensity of the normal mode. After obtaining the target signal modal intensity of each order, based on the shallow water condition, the modal intensities of sound source excitation at different depths are obtained as the reference mode intensities of the sound source at corresponding depths in the shallow water waveguide by simulating on Kracken software. Then, calculating the correlation coefficient between the target signal modal intensity of each order and the reference modal intensity of the sound source at each depth, we search for the maximum value of the correlation coefficient. The reference depth corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation peak is the estimated value of the target depth calculated by the method. Based on physical causes and characteristics of the normal modes, in this paper, the influences of the parameters such as the element number of horizontal array, depth of receiving array, signal-to-noise ratio, velocity profile, waveguide depth, azimuthal estimation accuracy, effective array length and application frequency band on the performance of this method are analyzed. The simulation results show that the algorithm can estimate the depth of the sound source effectively by using the signal sample with a bandwidth of 300 Hz when the signal-to-noise ratio is -10 dB. The wider the frequency band, the longer the effective array length, and the more the array element number, the higher the accuracy of azimuth estimation will be, which will bring beneficial effects to the depth estimation with the method. In addition, the depth estimation performance of the proposed method is still robust when the waveguide conditions such as the velocity profile and the seafloor parameters are disturbed.

ICRH system performance during ITER-Like Wall operations at JET and the outlook for DT campaign

Performance of JET ICRH system since installation of the metal ITER-Like Wall (ILW) has been assessed statistically. The data demonstrate steady increase of the RF power coupled to plasmas over recent years with the maximum pulse-average and peak values exceeding respectively 6MW and 8MW in 2016. Analysis and extrapolation of power capabilities of conventional JET ICRH antennas is provided and key performance-limiting factors are discussed. The RF plant operational frequency options are presented highlighting the issues of efficient ICRH application within a foreseeable range of DT plasma scenarios.

Forward and Inverse Modeling of Hand Digitized Aeromagnetic Data from Ilesha South West, Nigeria

Results of aeromagnetic data interpretation of Ilesha SW, Nigeria are presented here. The geology of Ilesha which is Precambrian falls under the basement complex of Nigeria. Depths to source rocks in this area are expected to be shallow. The results obtained revealed the presence of rocks such as amphibolites, quartz and schist which are the common rock types present in the study area. An aeromagnetic map of scale 1:50,000 was hand digitized, while forward and inverse modeling was achieved via the use of Potent, version 4.10.02. The field data were qualitatively and quantitatively interpreted and results showed NE-SW trending of the fault zone in the study area and anomalous bodies whose total magnetic intensity ranges from a minimum negative peak value of -625.5 nT to a maximum positive peak value of 179.43 nT. The maximum depth to top of the magnetic source body obtained is 34.2 m and minimum depth is 0.5 m. The results obtained indicate shallow depths to magnetic anomalies, as expected in most areas of the basement complex of Nigeria.

Study on Dynamic Characteristics of a Curved Track Subjected to Harmonic Moving Loads

Wheel-rail interaction in the curved track is a complex dynamic problem. It is important to make a model to research the dynamic characteristics of a curved railway track subjected to harmonic moving loads. The discretely supported curved Euler beam is used to simulate dynamic response of the curved track which is part of the circular structure whose cyclic length is the spacing of fasteners. Based on the dynamic characteristics of the periodic structure subjected to harmonic moving loads, the dynamic responses of a curved track can be solved within one basic element of the track. The analytical solutions of out-of-plane vibrations of a curved beam can be obtained by solving a system of linear equations with eight unknowns in the frequency domain. Several conclusions are obtained as follows. The significant frequency band of the dynamic responses of a curved beam is located around the load excitation frequency. With the increasing velocity of loads, the responses within a narrow band around the excitation frequency will be reduced, but responses of other frequencies will increase significantly. On both sides of the load excitation frequency, there are parametric excitations with a certain frequency spacing. With the increase of the load velocity, the maximum peak value of the track responses in time history caused by harmonic moving loads varies little, but the responses time will be shorter.

Design and simulate the properties of triangular periodic nanoparticle arrays with the structure of bi-layer hexagonal lattice

In this study, the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method was used to simulate the hybrid bi-layer hexagonal lattice of triangular periodic nanoparticle arrays (PNAs). The PNAs nanophotonic devices could be fabricated with pure silver, but their performances would be easily degenerated because of the oxidation (forming Ag2O) and sulfuration (forming Ag2S). Theoretical results show that the oxidation and sulfuration of Ag thin film lead to a significant red shift in the wavelength to reveal the maximum extinction efficiency (λmax) and to a significant decrease in the maximum peak value of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). The structures with the bi-layer materials of Ag2O–Ag and Ag2S–Ag were used to prove the degeneration of the properties in the extinction spectra of the LSPRs by using DDA method for simulation. We would find that the maximum peak value of the wavelength of the extinction efficiency spectra critically decreased and λmax had a red shift as the thicknesses of Ag2O and Ag2S increased. The structures with the bi-layer materials of Au–Ag and TiO2–Ag were also used to investigate their extinction spectra of the LSPRs. The simulation results of DDA method found that the maximum peak value of the wavelength of the extinction efficiency spectra slightly decreased as the thicknesses Au and TiO2 increased. Based on the Ag triangular nanostructure, the use of Au and TiO2 to form hybrid Au–Ag and TiO2–Ag triangular nanostructure cannot only be used to put forth of preventing oxidation and sulfuration but have a better performance than the Ag2O–Ag and Ag2S–Ag hybrid triangular nanostructures. Meanwhile, the thicknesses of TiO2 or Au layers could be used to decide the refractive index sensitivity (RIS) and figure of merit (FOM) of the hybrid Au–Ag and TiO2–Ag PNAs.

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles conjugated Clausena dentata plant leaf extract and their insecticidal potential against mosquito vectors

Mosquitoes are major vectors for the transmission of many diseases like chikungunya, malaria, dengue, zika, etc. worldwide. In the present study, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized from Clausena dentata and were tested for their larvicidal efficacy against the fourth-instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi, Aedes Aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) spectroscopy, EDaX, and SEM. The results recorded from UV-Vis spectroscopy show the peak absorption spectrum at 420 nm. In FTIR, the maximum peak value is 2922.25 cm−1 assigned to N-H group (amide group). In EDaX analysis shows peak around 72.64 which confirm the binding intensity of selenium. In SEM analysis, the synthesized SeNPs sizes were ranging from 46.32 nm to 78.88 nm. The synthesized SeNPs produced high mortality with very low concentration (LC50) were 240.714 mg/L; 104.13 mg/L, and 99.602 mg/L for A. stephensi, A. Aegypti, and C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. These results suggest that the C. dentata leaf extract-mediated biosynthesis of SeNPs has the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach toward the control of mosquito vectors at early stages.

An investigation on Portland cement replaced by high-volume GGBS pastes modified with micro-sized metakaolin subjected to elevated temperatures

Abstract Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (designated as GGBS) has been utilized as building material due to the environmental, economic and technical benefits. In this study, the possibility of improving compressive strength of high-volume GGBS (HVS) paste before and after being exposed to elevated temperatures using metakaolin (MK) in micro-size (mMK) has been investigated. Portland cement (PC) has been partially substituted with GGBS at level of 70%, by weight, to produce HVS paste. Afterword, GGBS was partially substituted with mMK at levels ranging from 2% to 10% with an increment of 2%, by weight. After curing, the specimens were subjected to elevated temperatures ranging from 400 °C to 1000 °C with an interval of 200 °C for 2 h. Weight and compressive strength before and after being exposed to elevated temperatures have been thoroughly explored. The various decomposition phases formed were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. The morphology of the formed hydrates was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the compressive strength before and after being exposed to elevated temperatures increased with increasing mMK content. For all mixtures, the residual compressive strength at 400 °C reached its maximum peak value.

Characteristics and mechanisms of strain waves generated in rock by cylindrical explosive charges

A superposing principle, by suitably adding the strain waves from a number of concentrated explosive charges to approximate the waves generated by a cylindrical charge based on the strain wave of a point or small spherical explosive charge generated in rock, is used to further study the triggering time of strain gauges installed in radial direction at same distances but different positions surrounding a cylindrical explosive charge in rock. The duration of the first compression phase and peak value of strain wave, and furthermore, their differences are analyzed and some explanations are given. Besides that, the gauge orientation in which the maximum peak value occurs is also discussed. At last, the effect of velocity of detonation (V.O.D.) of a cylindrical explosive charge on the strain waves generated in the surrounding rock is taken as key research and the pattern of peak amplitude of a strain wave varies with the V.O.D. is likely to have been found.

Effects of environmental factors on evapotranspiration characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the Minqin oasis-desert ectone, Northwest China.

This study continuously measured the evapotranspiration (ET) of degraded Haloxylon ammodendron shrub plantation of Minqin oasis-desert ectone using an eddy covariance system for ET, and TDR for soil moisture profile, analyzing ET in relation to the weather conditions and describing the responses of ET to the microclimate variables in different weather from July 2014 to June 2015. Results showed that the hourly ET dynamics had an apparent seasonal trend in the growing season. This trend gradually increased in the beginning of season from the low level of non-growing season, reached its maximum peak value (0.07 mm·h-1) in the most physiologically active period, and decreased to the minimum peak value (0.01 mm·h-1) in December. The diurnal change in ET of the plantation depended on the weather conditions. The ET fluctuated less with a small magnitude in a cloud day, but fluctuated obviously with a greater magnitude after rain if weather was clear. After a strong rainfall (>9 mm·d-1), ET increased sharply to a high level of 28 folds prior to rain, at which it took four clear days to gradually decease to the pre-rain ET level. The yearly ET over H. ammodendron plantation was 108 mm, equivalent to 98% of annual precipitation. Soil moisture was the water source for ET. Therefore, soil moisture was the dominant factor for theET over the plantation. Net radiation, photosynthesis active radiation, air temperature, and vapor pressure deficit were the microclimate variables to drive the transpiration of vegetation and evaporation over the soil surface, being the major factors forET over the plantation. The regression equation of ET to the dominant factor and major factors had a coefficient of multiple determination (R2) over 0.80.