Maximum Number Of Taxa Research Articles

Quantitative ethnobotanical study in Gafargaon Sub-district and unveiling drug candidates through molecular docking and dynamics simulation approaches

An ethnobotanical investigation was carried out in Gafargaon sub-district (upazila) under Mymensingh district, Bangladesh that unveiled a total of 79 medicinal plant species under 74 genera and 46 families which were used to treat various ailments through 106 formularies. In addition, molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies were performed based on ethnobotanical outcome for the first time in Bangladesh to unveil potential drug candidates. The study revealed that most of the species used for primary healthcare were herbs (44.3%) followed by trees (36.7%), shrubs (10.2%) and climbers (8.8%). Leaves were found to be the most frequently used part (34%) compared to other plant parts. Factor of informant consensus values ranged from 0.975 to 0.984 and the highest value was recorded for respiratory tract disorders (0.984). Maximum number of taxa was unraveled to treat digestive and gastrointestinal disorders. Fidelity level varied from 41.2 to 100%, where 11 species showed 100% fidelity, and the citation frequency was found above 70% for 15 different ailments. Molecular docking study exposed 60% Stephania japonica phytocompounds scoring higher than the control drug Ibuprofen (-7.0 kcal/mol) targeting rheumatoid arthritis. The phytocompounds Oxostephanine, Trilobine and Epistephanine were identified as lead drug candidates with binding affinity of -9.7, -8.7 and -8.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular interactions of these compounds were found significant to identify potential drug surface hotspots. Molecular dynamics simulation shed light on regional flexibility profiles and unraveled notable structural stability of the top three phytocompounds. The present study would offer foundational data for identifying potential bioactive compounds that could be utilized in novel drug discovery efforts. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 30(1): 53-76, 2023 (June)

Taxonomic diversity and structure of the under-ice phytoplankton in Lower Ob (March-April 2021)

The subglacial phytoplankton of the Lower Ob was studied at three sites in the area of Salekhard in March -April 2021. 71 taxa of algae from Cyanobacteria, Chrysophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta and Chlorophyta were identified with a predominance of diatoms (55 %), among which they were noted as true plankters (representatives of 5 genera), as well as those that live in benthos and fouling (15 genera). Aulacoseira granulata and Stephanodiscus hantzschii, as well as unknown small spherical and filamentous cyanobacteria, were found at every station and section. Among the surveyed sections, the maximum number of taxa was found at the section of the Malaya Ob (Azovy - 38), slightly less at the sections of the Bolshaya Ob (Kazym-Mys - 36 and Salemal -- 34). The number of algal divisions, on the contrary, was lower on Azovy than on Kazym-Mys and Salemal (four and five, respectively). An ecological and geographical analysis of the composition of winter phytoplankton showed that it was dominated by representatives of plankton in terms of habitat, cosmopolitans in terms of geographical confinement, indifferences in relation to the pH of the environment and alkaliphiles in relation to water salinity, as well as betamesosaprobionts in relation to the content of organic compounds.

Cladocera remains in reconstructions of past ecological conditions of the Yamal Peninsula

Abstract. The aim of this study is to explore the Cladocera community from the bottom sediments of small unnamed lake (21-Ya-02B) whilst attempt to reconstruct the ecological and climatic conditions for the Yamal Peninsula. In total, remains of 37 taxa were identified in bottom sediments of the lake. Cladocera community in the lower layers at the column is represented by low taxonomic abundance and typical northern species. On the depth of 65-40 cm the maximum number of taxa was identified, which allows it to be considered the temperature optimum zone of Cladocera. Changes in the upper layers of the column may indicate climate warming in the study area and, as a consequence, thawing of permafrost.

Hydrobiological characteristics of the Don River in the region of the Bagayevsky hydroelectric complex construction

The data on the taxonomic composition and quantitative characteristics of planktonic and benthic communities of the Lower Don in the area of construction of the Bagaevsky hydroelectric complex have been presented. In June - July 2018, a comprehensive hydrobiological survey was carried out to assess the taxonomic composition and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos. Hydrobiological samples were taken at 21 stations using standard techniques. The phytoplankton communities contained 110 taxa, zooplankton - 58, zoobenthos - 78. The spatial distribution of quantitative indicators of plankton and benthos in the investigated area has been presented. Phytoplankton abundance varied from 2,006.0 to 6,128.0 million cells/m, biomass - from 1.00 to 7.37 g/m, the average polygon indicators were 3,636.6 ± 223.5 million cells/m and 4.28 ± 0.39 g/m respectively. In terms of the number of registered taxa and quantitative indicators, two groups of phytoplankton dominated - cyanobacteria and green algae. The abundance of zooplankton ranged from 2,580 to 238,622 ind./m, biomass ranged from 36.4 to 476.0 mg/m, the average abundance was 74,690 ± 15,017 ind./m and 172.7 ± 24.8 mg/m respectively. Rotifers and cladocerans were the leaders in the number of species. Meroplankton was dominant in numbers (mainly due to mollusk larvae), and copepods were the dominant group in biomass. The number of bottom invertebrates varied from 20 to 17,867 ind./m, biomass from 0.02 to 2,114.0 g/m, the average zoobenthos abundance was 3,462 ± 898 ind./m, biomass 133.9 ± 102.0 g/m respectively. The maximum number of taxa was recorded among crustaceans and chironomid larvae. The basis of abundance was formed by oligochaetes and insect larvae, mainly chironomids, mollusks dominated by biomass. The resulting materials can be used as background materials in assessing the impact of construction on the hydrobiological communities of the Lower Don.

Wide Scene on Halophytes

This work dealt with the different types of halophytes; obligate, facultative, and habitat-indifferent halophytes with the indication of the main angiosperm families containing each category. In the same time it summarizes the most dominant halophyte species and their belonging families and their degree of adaptation to salt habitats. These genera and species, which are more than five hundred, were belonging to more than 70 Angiosperm families. These species can be further classified according to their life span into perennial herbs or shrubs and annuals and according to their ecological habitats and adaptations to salinity into: Halophytes, Hygrophytes, Phanerophytes, Xerophytes and Succulents. Genera belonging to the major angiosperm families containing the maximum number of taxa are the Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae (34 taxa; 22.08%), Poaceae (21 taxa; 13.64%), Fabaceae (14 taxa; 9.09%), and Asteraceae (13 taxa; 8.44%). Meantime the main halophytic adaptations have been mentioned, with the indication to the mangrove plants which share some common characteristics based upon physiological, reproductive and morphological adaptations. Mangrove has approximately 54 species of plants belonging to about 20 genera in 16 families. This work high lighting the taxonomic revision of genus Salsola as one of the most important halophytic genus within the Chenopodiaceae. Hints on the pollen grains characters, anatomical features and chemical constituents of halophytes, in general, in Salsola specified were mentioned.

Diversity and distribution of diatoms in Bagmati River, Kathmandu, Nepal

Diversity and distribution of diatoms in different seasons from different localities and habitats of Bagmati River, Kathmandu was studied. Samples were collected as epilithic forms using a toothbrush, epipelic forms using a dropper, and epiphytic forms by squeezing aquatic macrophytes and were preserved in FAA solution. The dominant diatom taxa of Bagmati river were Achnanthes crenulata, Gomphonema pseudoaugur, Nitzschia linearis, N. palea, Pinnularia cf divergens and Surirella linearis. Out of 48 taxa reported, maximum taxa (87.5%) were found at Mulkharka site whereas taxa were minimum (39.58%) at Pashupati-Guheshwori site. The sizes of diatom cell, from largest to smallest, also followed the same pattern as above. Ten diatom taxa were common in all three sites. Seasonal and habitat diversity of diatom studied in Mulkharka site showed that the maximum number of taxa was reported during summer (92.85%) and least during winter (23.8%), and maximum taxa were found as epilithic (85.71%) followed by epipelic (38.09%) and epiphytic (33.33%).

Hoşrük Çayı (Elazığ-Türkiye) Zooplanktonu

Hoşrük Çayı‘ndan Mart 2104 - Şubat 2015 tarihleri arasında aylık olarak 3 istasyondan zooplankton numuneleri alınmıştır. Çaya ait su sıcaklığı, çözünmüş oksijen ve pH değerleri arazide portatif ölçüm cihazları ile belirlenmiştir. Shannon Wiever (H'), Simpson (D) ve Margalef (M) indeks değerleri ilgili formüller kullanılarak aylık olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma süresince toplam 28 zooplankton türü teşhis edilmiştir. Bu türler içinde 18 tür Rotifera, 8 tür Cladocera 2 tür ise Copepodan grubundandır. Rotiferler takson sayısı, birey sayısı ve ortaya çıkış sıklığı bakımından ilk sırada yer almıştır. Rotiferlerden Polyarthra dolichoptera 11 örneklemede tespit edilerek, tüm zooplankton türleri içinde en fazla ortaya çıkan tür olmuştur. Copepoda‘dan Cyclops vicinus 9 ay gözlenerek ikinci dominant tür olmuştur. Mayıs ayı en fazla taksonun (20 tür) kaydedildiği ay olurken, ocak ayı en az taksonun (2 tür) kaydedildiği ay olmuştur. Shannon Wiever tür zenginliği indeks değeri (H') en yüksek değerine H= 1,51 ile temmuz ayında ulaşmıştır. Margalef indeks değeri de M=2,22 ile en yüksek mayıs ayında, Simpson indeks değeri D=0,89 ile mart ayında en yüksek değerinde hesaplanmıştır. H' indeks değerinin her ay düşük çıkması çayın tür çeşitliliği bakımından fakir olduğunu göstermektedir.

Boztepe Recai Kutan Baraj Gölü (Malatya - Türkiye) zooplankton faunası

Boztepe Baraj Golu’nden Ocak-Aralik 2014 tarihleri arasinda aylik olarak alinan su orneklerinde zooplankton incelenmesi yapilmistir. Calismada teshisi yapilan 33 zooplankton turunden 17 tur Rotifera, 13 tur Cladocera ve 3 tur Copepoda grubundandir. Toplam zooplanktonun en fazla kaydedildigi donem Mayis ayi olmustur (271785 birey/m 3 ). En az birey sayisi ise Subat ayinda kaydedilmistir (5090 birey/m 3 ). En fazla takson sayisi 17 tur ile Ekim ayinda en az tur sayisi ise 5 tur ile Subat ayinda tespit edilmistir. Bulunan butun zooplanktonik turler Boztepe Recai Kutan Baraj Golu icin ilk kayittir. Baraj golunde zooplankton turlerinin toplam birey sayilarina gore Rotifera (% 51,5) baskin grup olup, Cladocera (% 39,4) ve Copepoda (% 9,1) onlari takip eden gruplar olmustur. Keratella cochlearis baskin Rotifer turu olurken K. quadrata onu izlemistir. Bosmina longirostris baskin Cladocera turudur. Cyclops vicinus en cok gozlenen Copepoda turu olmustur. Rotifera diger gruplara gore fazla cesitlilik gostermis ve arastirma donemi boyunca yuksek yogunluklarda ortaya cikmistir. Otrofi indikatoru olan Keratella cochlearis K. quadrata, Bosmina longirostris turlerinin siklikla cok sayida kaydedilmis olmasi golun otrof karakterde olabilecegini dusundurmektedir.

The Eocene climate of China, the early elevation of the Tibetan Plateau and the onset of the Asian Monsoon

Eocene palynological samples from 37 widely distributed sites across China were analysed using co-existence approach to determine trends in space and time for seven palaeoclimate variables: Mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, mean temperature of the warmest month, mean temperature of the coldest month, mean annual range of temperature, mean maximum monthly precipitation and mean minimum monthly precipitation. Present day distributions and observed climates within China of the nearest living relatives of the fossil forms were used to find the range of a given variable in which a maximum number of taxa can coexist. Isotherm and isohyet maps for the early, middle and late Eocene were constructed. These illustrate regional changing patterns in thermal and precipitational gradients that may be interpreted as the beginnings of the modern Asian Monsoon system, and suggest that the uplift of parts of the Tibetan Plateau appear to have taken place by the middle to late Eocene.

Distribution and ecology of non-marine ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy)

From August 1981 to July 2007, 200 inland water bodies were sampled to gather information on the Recent ostracod fauna of Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy). A total of 320 samples were collected from surface, interstitial and ground waters. Whenever possible, ostracod identification was performed at species level based on the morphology of both valves and limbs. Seventy-four taxa in 30 genera belonging to 9 different families (Darwinulidae, Candonidae, Ilyocyprididae, Notodromadidae, Cyprididae, Limnocytheridae, Cytheridae, Leptocytheridae and Xestoleberididae) were identified. The maximum number of taxa per site was seven. The most common species was Cypria ophthalmica (133 records), followed by Cyclocypris ovum (86 records), C. laevis (49 records), Cypridopsis vidua (40 records) and Notodromas persica (28 records). Of particular relevance is the occurrence of six species new to Italy: Microdarwinula zimmeri, Penthesilenula brasiliensis, Fabaeformiscandona wegelini, Pseudocandona semicognita, Candonopsis scourfieldi, and C. mediosetosa. Scanning electron microscopy images of valves are provided for most of the described taxa. Geographical distribution of ostracods and their occurrence in relation to environmental variables were examined. The results of this study indicate that Friuli Venezia Giulia hosts a very diverse ostracod fauna, representing a significant proportion of all ostracod taxa known thus far from Italy.

Phytoplankton in 63 limed lakes in comparison with the distribution in 500 untreated lakes with varying pH

As a result of the different weathering of lime in soils and varying acid deposition, the pH of Swedish oligotrophic lake waters has a broad range from ca. 4 to 8.5. Phytoplankton species occur in all lakes, but the composition and species richness varies in relation to pH. The maximum number of taxa was recorded within the pH-range 7.0–7.6, while the number decreased at higher pH and especially at pH below 5.6. During 1975–1985, thousands of lakes in Sweden were limed with the intention to restore biotic diversity and production. In order to find out whether there are differences in quality between limed and unacidified waters, the distribution of 57 selected phytoplankton taxa in 63 limed lakes was compared with that in 500 unlimed lakes with varying pH. The study shows that most common species in unacidified lakes also occur in the limed ones. However, several species of Cyanophyceae and Conjugatophyceae were missing especially in lakes that were strongly acidified before liming. On the other hand, some taxa were more frequent in the limed lakes.